CN116599069A - DC optimal power flow calculation method and system based on power grid annular characteristics - Google Patents
DC optimal power flow calculation method and system based on power grid annular characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the ring characteristics of a power grid, which comprises the steps of obtaining data information of a target power grid; merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line and defining a basic ring network in the target power grid; calculating to obtain the number of basic looped networks; calculating to obtain a basic ring network set; generating a basic ring network factor matrix and constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints; and establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model, solving and completing the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the annular characteristic of the power grid. The invention also discloses a system for realizing the method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the annular characteristic of the power grid. The invention realizes the improvement of the solving efficiency of the model when processing a large-scale complex power grid, greatly reduces the quantity of variables and constraints in the direct current optimal power flow model, obviously reduces the calculation complexity of the model, realizes the accurate depiction of the power grid topological structure, and has high reliability, good accuracy and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automation, and particularly relates to a direct current optimal power flow calculation method and system based on loop characteristics of a power grid.
Background
Along with the development of economic technology and the improvement of living standard of people, electric energy becomes an indispensable secondary energy source in the production and living of people, and brings endless convenience to the production and living of people. Therefore, ensuring stable and reliable supply of electric energy becomes one of the most important tasks of the electric power system.
At present, the size and complexity of a power system are greatly increased, and the efficient operation of the power system is described as a nonlinear optimization problem, namely an optimal power flow model problem, and the aim is to optimize the output power of each generator so as to maximize the efficiency of the whole power system, and ensure the system safety in aspects of line power flow and the like through a series of power grid constraints. The optimal power flow model provides an efficient solution for safety constraint, scheduling analysis, N-k cascading failure analysis, stability analysis and the like of the power system.
The direct current optimal power flow calculation scheme is a reasonably simplified power flow calculation method, and the scheme converts a nonlinear problem into a linear problem, so that a model can be quickly solved by a plurality of commercial solvers. However, as a basic scheme for analysis and calculation of a power system, the scheme still has the problem of low calculation efficiency when processing a power grid with a more complex current structure and a more huge scale. Moreover, the current direct current optimal power flow calculation scheme still cannot meet the online safety analysis of a large-scale power grid, such as N-k cascading failure analysis and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the loop characteristics of a power grid, which is high in reliability, good in accuracy and wide in application range.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a system for implementing the method for calculating the optimal power flow of direct current based on the loop characteristics of the power grid.
The invention provides a direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the loop characteristics of a power grid, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring data information of a target power grid;
s2, merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line, and defining a basic ring network in the target power grid;
s3, calculating the number of basic looped networks by adopting a topology principle according to the number of nodes and the total number of lines in the target power grid obtained in the step S2;
s4, calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the target power grid obtained in the step S2 and the basic ring network number obtained in the step S3;
s5, generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the basic ring network set obtained in the step S4, and constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints;
s6, establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model and solving according to the basic ring network factor matrix and the corresponding ring network characteristic constraint obtained in the step S5, and completing the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the ring network characteristic.
The step S2 of merging all the double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line and defining a basic ring network in the target power grid specifically includes the following steps:
adding the current limits of all double-circuit lines in the target power grid, and keeping the remaining information unchanged, so that all double-circuit lines in the target power grid are combined into a single-circuit line;
defining a structure comprising only a single ring network in a target power grid as a basic ring network P i 。
The step S3 is to calculate the number of the basic ring networks by adopting the topology principle according to the number of the nodes and the total number of the lines in the target power grid obtained in the step S2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the node number N in the target power grid obtained according to the step S2 B And the total number of lines N L The basic ring network number N is calculated by adopting the topology principle P Is N P ＝N L -N B +1。
The step S4 of calculating the number of the target power grid obtained in the step S2 and the basic ring network obtained in the step S3 to obtain a basic ring network set specifically comprises the following steps:
A. initializing a basic ring network set T as an empty set and a line number k as 0; k is a topological information set of all lines in the target power grid;
B. the value of line number k is increased by 1;
C. disconnecting two nodes a and b connected by a line k, and judging whether the node a and the node b in the target power grid are communicated or not:
if no communication path exists between the node a and the node B, returning to the step B;
if a communication path exists between the node a and the node b, determining a shortest path between the node a and the node b, extracting a line set p contained in the determined shortest path, and performing subsequent steps;
D. basic ring network P for recording line k k Is P k = (p, k); will basic ring network P k Adding the basic ring network set T;
E. determining the value of k:
if k=n L Outputting a basic ring network set T;
if k is less than N L And C, removing the information of the line K from the topology information set K of all lines of the current target power grid, taking the updated power grid as a new target power grid, and returning to the step B.
And C, determining the shortest path between the node a and the node b, and particularly determining the shortest path and a corresponding line set by adopting a directed graph function of a path finding algorithm, wherein the weight of each line is set to be 1.
The step S5 of generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the basic ring network set obtained in the step S4 and constructing a corresponding ring network characteristic constraint specifically comprises the following steps:
generating a basic ring network factor matrix A by adopting a basic ring network set T S : basic ring network P of line k k Is P k = (p, k), then the basic ring network factor matrix a S The elements of the kth row and the first columnIs->Wherein->For line l in basic ring network P k If the state of the primary ring network P k Does not contain a line I>If basic ring network P k According to the forward direction via line l>If basic ring network P k According to the reverse direction via line l>The forward direction is defined as a ringThe network path direction is the direction from the line start point to the line end point; the reverse direction is defined as the direction from the route end point to the route start point of the looped network path;
using basic ring network factor matrix A S Constructing ring network characteristic constraint:
delta in l The phase angle of the line l; x is x l Is the impedance of line l; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l;
finally, the constructed ring network characteristic constraint is expressed as A S F=0; f is a line tide matrix.
And step S6, establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model and solving according to the basic ring network factor matrix and the corresponding ring network characteristic constraint obtained in the step S5 to finish the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the ring characteristics of the power grid, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the following formula is adopted to construct a fast direct current optimal power flow model:
objective function:
constraint conditions:
A S ·F＝0
W·F＝U·P-V·D
in |N G The I is the number of units in the target power grid; c (C) g The running cost of the unit g; p (P) g The output power of the generator of the unit g;the minimum output power of the generator of the unit g; />Maximum output power of the generator of the unit g; n (N) G A set of units in a target power grid; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l; f (f) l max A maximum power flow limit value for line l; n (N) L A line set in a target power grid; w is a line-node connection matrix of the target power grid; u is a generator-node connection matrix of the target power grid; p is the output power vector of the generator of the target power grid; v is a load-node connection matrix of the target power grid; d is a load vector of the target power grid;
solving the model constructed above to obtain the optimal operation parameters of the target power grid, and completing the calculation of the direct current optimal power flow based on the annular characteristic of the power grid; the optimal operation parameters comprise generator output power information and a line tide matrix.
The invention also provides a system for realizing the direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the loop characteristics of the power grid, which comprises a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a loop network number calculation module, a loop network set calculation module, a loop network constraint construction module and a power flow calculation module; the system comprises a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a looped network quantity calculation module, a looped network set calculation module, a looped network constraint construction module and a tide calculation module which are sequentially connected in series; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data information of the target power grid and uploading the data to the power grid processing module; the power grid processing module is used for merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line according to the received data, defining a basic ring network in the target power grid and uploading the data to the ring network number calculation module; the ring network number calculation module is used for calculating the number of the basic ring networks by adopting a topology principle according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network set calculation module; the ring network set calculation module is used for calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network constraint construction module; the ring network constraint construction module is used for generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the received data, constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints and uploading the data to the power flow calculation module; and the power flow calculation module is used for establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model according to the received data and solving the rapid direct current optimal power flow model to finish the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the annular characteristic of the power grid.
The invention provides a method and a system for calculating a direct current optimal power flow based on an annular characteristic of a power grid, and provides a method for calculating a quick direct current optimal power flow based on the annular characteristic of the power grid, so that the improvement of solving efficiency of a model when a large-scale complex power grid is processed is realized; meanwhile, according to the ring characteristics of the power grid, the invention establishes the ring network characteristic constraint of the power grid, greatly reduces the quantity of variables and constraints in the direct current optimal power flow model, remarkably reduces the calculation complexity of the model, gets rid of the fixed thinking of the traditional direct current optimal power flow calculation method, and fully utilizes the topological structure and the ring characteristics of the power grid to realize the improvement of the solving efficiency of the model; in addition, the invention provides an innovative algorithm to find out all the basic ring networks in the power grid, and provides a determination method of the basic ring network set of the power grid and the constituent elements of the basic ring network factor matrix so as to realize accurate depiction of the topology structure of the power grid; therefore, the invention has high reliability, good accuracy and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A schematic process flow diagram of the method of the present invention is shown in fig. 1: the invention provides a direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the loop characteristics of a power grid, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring data information of a target power grid;
s2, merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line, and defining a basic ring network in the target power grid; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the current limits of all double-circuit lines in the target power grid, and keeping the remaining information unchanged, so that all double-circuit lines in the target power grid are combined into a single-circuit line;
defining a structure comprising only a single ring network in a target power grid as a basic ring network P i Basic ring network P i No other basic ring network appears, i.e. the interior of the ring network does not contain any other loops;
s3, calculating the number of basic looped networks by adopting a topology principle according to the number of nodes and the total number of lines in the target power grid obtained in the step S2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the node number N in the target power grid obtained according to the step S2 B And the total number of lines N L The basic ring network number N is calculated by adopting the topology principle P Is N P ＝N L -N B +1；
S4, calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the target power grid obtained in the step S2 and the basic ring network number obtained in the step S3; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. initializing a basic ring network set T as an empty set and a line number k as 0; k is a topological information set of all lines in the target power grid;
B. the value of line number k is increased by 1;
C. disconnecting two nodes a and b connected by a line k, and judging whether the node a and the node b in the target power grid are communicated or not:
if no communication path exists between the node a and the node B, returning to the step B;
if a communication path exists between the node a and the node b, determining the shortest path (namely, the path with the least number of lines) between the node a and the node b, extracting a line set p contained in the determined shortest path, and carrying out subsequent steps;
in specific implementation, determining a shortest path and a corresponding line set by adopting a path finding algorithm directed graph function, wherein the weight of each line is set to be 1;
D. basic ring network P for recording line k k Is P k = (p, k); will basic ring network P k Adding the basic ring network set T;
E. determining the value of k:
if k=n L Then output the basic ring net setCombining T;
if k is less than N L And C, removing the information of the line K from the topology information set K of all lines of the current target power grid, taking the updated power grid as a new target power grid, and returning to the step B.
S5, generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the basic ring network set obtained in the step S4, and constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
generating a basic ring network factor matrix A by adopting a basic ring network set T S : basic ring network P of line k k Is P k = (p, k), then the basic ring network factor matrix a S The elements of the kth row and the first columnIs->Wherein->For line l in basic ring network P k If the state of the primary ring network P k Does not contain a line I>If basic ring network P k According to the forward direction via line l>If basic ring network P k According to the reverse direction via line l>The forward direction is defined as the direction from the starting point of the line to the ending point of the line; the reverse direction is defined as the direction from the route end point to the route start point of the looped network path; basic ring network factor matrix A S Is of dimension N P ×N L ；
Using basic ring network factor matrix A S Constructing ring network characteristic constraint:
delta in l The phase angle of the line l; x is x l Is the impedance of line l; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l; because of the basic ring network P k All lines in the network can be connected end to form a loop, so that the sum of phase angles of all lines is necessarily 0;
finally, the constructed ring network characteristic constraint is expressed as A S F=0; f is a line tide matrix;
s6, establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model and solving according to the basic ring network factor matrix and the corresponding ring network characteristic constraint obtained in the step S5, and completing direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the ring network characteristic; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the following formula is adopted to construct a fast direct current optimal power flow model:
objective function:
constraint conditions:
A S ·F＝0
W·F＝U·P-V·D
in |N G The I is the number of units in the target power grid; c (C) g The running cost of the unit g; p (P) g The output power of the generator of the unit g;the minimum output power of the generator of the unit g; />Maximum output power of the generator of the unit g; n (N) G A set of units in a target power grid; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l; f (f) l max A maximum power flow limit value for line l; n (N) L A line set in a target power grid; w is a line-node connection matrix of the target power grid; u is a generator-node connection matrix of the target power grid; p is the output power vector of the generator of the target power grid; v is a load-node connection matrix of the target power grid; d is a load vector of the target power grid;
solving the model constructed above to obtain the optimal operation parameters of the target power grid, and completing the calculation of the direct current optimal power flow based on the annular characteristic of the power grid; the optimal operation parameters comprise generator output power information and a line tide matrix.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of the system of the present invention: the system for realizing the direct current optimal power flow calculation method based on the loop characteristics of the power grid comprises a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a loop network number calculation module, a loop network set calculation module, a loop network constraint construction module and a power flow calculation module; the system comprises a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a looped network quantity calculation module, a looped network set calculation module, a looped network constraint construction module and a tide calculation module which are sequentially connected in series; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data information of the target power grid and uploading the data to the power grid processing module; the power grid processing module is used for merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line according to the received data, defining a basic ring network in the target power grid and uploading the data to the ring network number calculation module; the ring network number calculation module is used for calculating the number of the basic ring networks by adopting a topology principle according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network set calculation module; the ring network set calculation module is used for calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network constraint construction module; the ring network constraint construction module is used for generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the received data, constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints and uploading the data to the power flow calculation module; and the power flow calculation module is used for establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model according to the received data and solving the rapid direct current optimal power flow model to finish the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the annular characteristic of the power grid.
Claims (8)
1. A DC optimal power flow calculation method based on the ring characteristics of a power grid comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring data information of a target power grid;
s2, merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line, and defining a basic ring network in the target power grid;
s3, calculating the number of basic looped networks by adopting a topology principle according to the number of nodes and the total number of lines in the target power grid obtained in the step S2;
s4, calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the target power grid obtained in the step S2 and the basic ring network number obtained in the step S3;
s5, generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the basic ring network set obtained in the step S4, and constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints;
s6, establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model and solving according to the basic ring network factor matrix and the corresponding ring network characteristic constraint obtained in the step S5, and completing the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the ring network characteristic.
2. The method for calculating the optimal power flow of direct current based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, all the double-circuit lines in the target power grid are combined into a single-circuit line, and a basic loop network in the target power grid is defined, and specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the current limits of all double-circuit lines in the target power grid, and keeping the remaining information unchanged, so that all double-circuit lines in the target power grid are combined into a single-circuit line;
defining a structure comprising only a single ring network in a target power grid as a basic ring network P i 。
3. The method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 2, wherein the number of nodes and the total number of lines in the target power grid obtained in step S2 in step S3 are calculated by adopting a topology principle to obtain the number of basic looped networks, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the node number N in the target power grid obtained according to the step S2 B And the total number of lines N L The basic ring network number N is calculated by adopting the topology principle P Is N P ＝N L -N B +1。
4. The method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 3, wherein the step S4 is characterized in that the target power grid obtained in the step S2 and the number of the basic looped networks obtained in the step S3 are calculated to obtain a basic looped network set, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. initializing a basic ring network set T as an empty set and a line number k as 0; k is a topological information set of all lines in the target power grid;
B. the value of line number k is increased by 1;
C. disconnecting two nodes a and b connected by a line k, and judging whether the node a and the node b in the target power grid are communicated or not:
if no communication path exists between the node a and the node B, returning to the step B;
if a communication path exists between the node a and the node b, determining a shortest path between the node a and the node b, extracting a line set p contained in the determined shortest path, and performing subsequent steps;
D. basic ring network P for recording line k k Is P k = (p, k); will basic ring network P k Adding the basic ring network set T;
E. determining the value of k:
if k=n L Outputting a basic ring network set T;
if k is less than N L And C, removing the information of the line K from the topology information set K of all lines of the current target power grid, taking the updated power grid as a new target power grid, and returning to the step B.
5. The method for calculating the optimal power flow of direct current based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 4, wherein the shortest path between the node a and the node b is determined in the step C, specifically, a path finding algorithm directed graph function is adopted to determine the shortest path and a corresponding line set, and the weight of each line is set to be 1.
6. The method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 4, wherein the step S5 is characterized in that the basic loop network set obtained according to the step S4 generates a basic loop network factor matrix, and constructs a corresponding loop network characteristic constraint, and specifically comprises the following steps:
generating a basic ring network factor matrix A by adopting a basic ring network set T S : basic ring network P of line k k Is P k = (p, k), then the basic ring network factor matrix a S The elements of the kth row and the first columnIs->Wherein->For line l in basic ring network P k If the state of the primary ring network P k Does not contain a line I>If basic ring network P k According to the forward direction via line l>If basic ring network P k According to the reverse direction via line l>The forward directionDefining the ring network path direction as the direction from the line start point to the line end point; the reverse direction is defined as the direction from the route end point to the route start point of the looped network path;
using basic ring network factor matrix A S Constructing ring network characteristic constraint:
delta in l The phase angle of the line l; x is x l Is the impedance of line l; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l;
finally, the constructed ring network characteristic constraint is expressed as A S F=0; f is a line tide matrix.
7. The method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to claim 6, wherein the step S6 is characterized in that the method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid is implemented by establishing a fast direct current optimal power flow model and solving the fast direct current optimal power flow model according to the basic loop factor matrix obtained in the step S5 and the corresponding loop characteristic constraint, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the following formula is adopted to construct a fast direct current optimal power flow model:
objective function:
constraint conditions:
A S ·F＝0
W·F＝U·P-V·D
in |N G The I is the number of units in the target power grid; c (C) g The running cost of the unit g; p (P) g The output power of the generator of the unit g;the minimum output power of the generator of the unit g; />Maximum output power of the generator of the unit g; n (N) G A set of units in a target power grid; f (f) l The tidal current value of line l; f (f) l max A maximum power flow limit value for line l; n (N) L A line set in a target power grid; w is a line-node connection matrix of the target power grid; u is a generator-node connection matrix of the target power grid; p is the output power vector of the generator of the target power grid; v is a load-node connection matrix of the target power grid; d is a load vector of the target power grid;
solving the model constructed above to obtain the optimal operation parameters of the target power grid, and completing the calculation of the direct current optimal power flow based on the annular characteristic of the power grid; the optimal operation parameters comprise generator output power information and a line tide matrix.
8. A system for implementing the method for calculating the direct current optimal power flow based on the loop characteristics of the power grid according to one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a loop network number calculation module, a loop network set calculation module, a loop network constraint construction module and a power flow calculation module; the system comprises a data acquisition module, a power grid processing module, a looped network quantity calculation module, a looped network set calculation module, a looped network constraint construction module and a tide calculation module which are sequentially connected in series; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data information of the target power grid and uploading the data to the power grid processing module; the power grid processing module is used for merging all double-circuit lines in the target power grid into a single-circuit line according to the received data, defining a basic ring network in the target power grid and uploading the data to the ring network number calculation module; the ring network number calculation module is used for calculating the number of the basic ring networks by adopting a topology principle according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network set calculation module; the ring network set calculation module is used for calculating to obtain a basic ring network set according to the received data, and uploading the data to the ring network constraint construction module; the ring network constraint construction module is used for generating a basic ring network factor matrix according to the received data, constructing corresponding ring network characteristic constraints and uploading the data to the power flow calculation module; and the power flow calculation module is used for establishing a rapid direct current optimal power flow model according to the received data and solving the rapid direct current optimal power flow model to finish the direct current optimal power flow calculation based on the annular characteristic of the power grid.
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