CN116598063A - MgB (MgB) 2 Preparation method of superconducting cable - Google Patents
MgB (MgB) 2 Preparation method of superconducting cable Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/08—Stranded or braided wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/06—Films or wires on bases or cores
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a MgB 2 A method of preparing a superconducting cable, the method comprising: 1. MgB is processed 2 The superconducting cable is designed as a multi-stage cable; 2. MgB is processed 2 The wire is separated and is reeled with oxygen-free copper strand wires to obtain a primary cable, the primary cable is reeled and is reeled until a multi-stage cable is obtained; 3. adopting a stainless steel belt to protect the outer layer of the multi-stage cable in a winding way; 4. winding and protecting the stainless steel protective layer of the multi-stage cable by adopting a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon; 5. performing phase formation heat treatment; 6. removing carbon and heat treating to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable. The invention uses MgB 2 The wire is used as a superconducting strand material, oxygen-free copper is used as a stabilizer material, a stainless steel belt is used as a protective material, a high-temperature-resistant glass ribbon is used as an insulating protective layer, and the high-performance MgB meeting the practical application is obtained through multistage stranded cables, protective layer and insulating layer winding, phase-forming heat treatment and carbon removal heat treatment processes in sequence 2 Superconducting cable, anThe process is simple and is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superconducting cable processing, and in particular relates to MgB 2 A method for preparing a superconducting cable.
Background
The zero resistance and complete diamagnetism of superconducting materials make them ideal materials for transmission cables and superconducting magnets. But traditional NbTi, nb 3 The practical low-temperature superconducting materials (LTS) such as Sn can only work in a liquid helium temperature region of 4.2K, more than half of global helium resources are distributed in the United states, in recent years, the United states government has listed helium as strategic resources for protection, china mainly relies on import, and great barriers are caused for the wide application of the low-temperature superconducting materials. Oxide high-temperature superconducting materials (OHTS) such as rare earth barium copper oxide (ReBCO), bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (Bi-2223) and the like can operate in a liquid nitrogen temperature region of 77K, but the materials have complex preparation process, longer preparation flow, higher raw material cost and can not realize large-scale application and popularization in a short period of time.
Magnesium diboride (MgB) 2 ) Is a nonmetallic compound with a simple binary structure, the superconducting critical transition temperature (T c ) About 39K. Just due to MgB 2 The material has higher superconductive critical transition temperature T c A larger coherence length ζ, a high critical current density J c Simple crystal structure, higher upper critical magnetic field H c2 Meanwhile, the grain boundary can transmit current and the like, and is based on MgB 2 The cables and magnets made of the materials have become a new hope for the next generation superconducting applications, being traditional NbTi and Nb 3 A powerful competitor of Sn superconducting materials. Large enhancer pair installation (LHC) projects in the European Nuclear Center (CERN) are being upgraded for 100kAMgB 2 MgB of superconducting transmission cable engineering 2 The wire stock quantity reaches 1330km. Russian is also developing MgB based on liquid hydrogen cooling 2 Superconducting cable research is used for simultaneously transmitting hydrogen energy and electric energy. The second generation MgB of the company HyperTech is adopted by the United states department of energy (DOE) sponsored 2 The research project of the multi-core superconducting wire for conducting direct current superconducting wires has also been well advanced.
The domestic related scientific research institutions and universities also surround MgB in recent years 2 Development of superconducting materials, including practical long wire strips, has conducted a great deal of work. The northwest nonferrous metals institute (NIN) and western superconducting materials Co-operation (WST) developed MgB on the order of kilometers for practical use 2 The technical research of the lumber technology of the superconducting wire strip adopts an in-situ powder tubing process (in-situ PIT) to successfully prepare kilometer-level multi-core MgB 2 A wire strip. The center Mg diffusion process (IMD) adopted by the institute of Chinese academy of technology is used for preparing 6-core MgB with hundred-meter-scale length 2 Superconducting wire, mgB 2 Critical current density (Layer J) of superconducting Layer c ) Up to 1.2X10 5 A/cm 2 (4.2K, 8T). MgB adopted by plasma research institute of Chinese academy 2 Wires were investigated for armored conductors for fusion reactor magnets (cic). Overall, china is in MgB 2 The superconducting wire strip preparation technology is mature, but researches on related applications such as cables, magnets and the like are just started, so that a simple and feasible method is adopted to prepare the high-performance MgB 2 Superconducting cable pair MgB 2 The popularization and application of the superconducting material have very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an MgB for overcoming the defects in the prior art 2 A method for preparing a superconducting cable. The method is used for preparing MgB according to application requirements 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a multi-stage cable structure, and the MgB is improved by combining the control of the stranded cable process and the heat treatment process 2 Thermal stability, electromagnetic stability and insulating property of superconducting cable, and obtaining MgB with high performance 2 Superconducting cable fills MgB 2 The blank of a simple preparation process of the superconducting cable.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: mgB (MgB) 2 A method of preparing a superconducting cable, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, according to application requirements, mgB is processed 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a multi-stage cable with a strand structure, and the strand structure contains MgB 2 Superconducting strands and oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 Multi-stage cable strand structure of superconducting cable, mgB is firstly adopted 2 The wire is separated and rewound with the oxygen-free copper strand wires, then a primary cable is obtained, then the primary cable is separated and stranded, and then the primary cable separation process and the stranded cable process are repeated until a multi-stage cable is obtained;
winding and protecting the outer layer of the multi-stage cable obtained in the step two by adopting a stainless steel belt to form a stainless steel protective layer;
winding and protecting the stainless steel protective layer of the multi-stage cable in the third step by adopting a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon to form a glass fiber insulating layer, so as to obtain a composite cable;
step five, carrying out phase formation heat treatment on the composite cable obtained in the step four under the condition of flowing argon;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
Superconducting cables typically carry thousands of amperes or more of current during use, and localized hot spots may cause the entire cable to quench. For the use characteristics, the invention is characterized in MgB 2 When the structure of the superconducting cable is designed, oxygen-free copper stranded wires with good heat and electricity conducting performance are added into the subcomponent stranded wires to replace MgB 2 Wire rod for improving MgB 2 Electromagnetic stability and thermal stability of superconducting cables. In general, oxygen-free copper strands of the same specification are used for replacing MgB in primary cable 2 A wire rod.
MgB of different batches 2 Superconductive wire rod is regulated by raw material and equipment technological parametersThe influence of factors such as preparation environment change and the like usually has certain difference, so the MgB 2 Before the superconductive cable is twisted, in order to ensure that the performances of different strands are close, the invention firstly selects the same wire or MgB in the same batch as much as possible 2 Wire, typically multi-core MgB prepared by in-situ powder tubing process (in-situ PIT) 2 Wire rod, then according to target MgB 2 The length of the superconducting cable is divided, rewound and stranded. Typically, the same root MgB 2 The long wire is divided into 2-3 sections along the length, or MgB with the same batch and similar performance and length is selected 2 2-3 long wires and an oxygen-free copper replacement wire with the same specification are respectively rewound on a stranded cable reel, and the primary cables are respectively stranded step by step and repeated until the multi-stage cables.
The invention adopts a stainless steel band, usually 316L stainless steel band, to carry out winding protection on the outer layer of the multi-stage cable so as to form a stainless steel protection layer. Because the stainless steel strip is thinner, strip defects, particularly fine defects such as burrs, cracks and the like on two side edges, are easy to cause tearing and breakage of the stainless steel strip in the winding process, and therefore the side edges of the stainless steel strip are usually polished in advance.
The invention adopts the high temperature resistant glass fiber tape to wind and protect the stainless steel protective layer of the multi-stage cable to form the glass fiber insulating layer so as to ensure MgB 2 Insulation properties of superconducting cables.
MgB 2 The material is an intermetallic compound phase with ceramic brittleness, and the composite cable after the phase formation heat treatment is prevented from being subjected to external forces such as stretching, bending or shearing to avoid damaging the brittle superconducting phase, so the MgB is prepared by adopting the procedures of firstly twisting the cable and then performing the phase formation heat treatment 2 Superconducting cable, composite cable with stainless steel protective layer and glass fiber insulating layer, mgB in strand structure in phase-forming heat treatment process 2 The Mg-B precursor powder in the wire rod core wire is subjected to diffusion reaction to form MgB 2 Superconducting phase, mgB with insulating layer is obtained 2 A superconducting cable.
Because the lubricant in the forming process of the glass ribbon is decomposed and deposited on the surface of the glass ribbon in the phase-forming heat treatment process, the decomposition product is mainly C elementThe insulating property of the glass ribbon is obviously reduced due to the element, and the invention also carries out carbon removal heat treatment after the phase formation heat treatment, so that the element C attached to the surface of the glass ribbon is almost completely oxidized and volatilized, and MgB is avoided 2 Adverse effect of insulation properties of superconducting cables. In general, the resistance to breakdown of the glass fiber insulation layer after the decarbonization heat treatment is tested by adopting a megameter to ensure that the resistance to breakdown reaches more than 2000V and meets the requirements of MgB 2 Practical application requirements of superconducting cables.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the multi-stage cable in the first step is two to four stages, and the number of strands of oxygen-free copper strands in the first-stage cable in the second step is 1/4 or 1/3. The invention ensures MgB by controlling the stage number of the multi-stage cable and the duty ratio of the oxygen-free copper strand wires 2 On the premise of excellent superconducting performance of the superconducting cable, mgB is improved 2 Electromagnetic stability and thermal stability of superconducting cables.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the number of the branching sections in the second step is 2 or 3, the routing speed adopted by the stranded cable is 3-5 m/min, the tension is 2-15 kg, and the pitch of the cable is 35-120 mm. The invention ensures MgB by strictly controlling the number of sections of branching and the technological parameters of the stranded cable 2 The performance stability of the wire rod and the smooth operation of the twisting process.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the width of the stainless steel belt in the third step is 20mm plus or minus 0.5mm, the thickness of the stainless steel belt is 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm, and the stacking width of the stainless steel belt is 5mm plus or minus 1mm. The invention adopts the lamination winding process in the winding process of the stainless steel belt, and strictly controls the process parameters to improve the winding effect and prevent MgB caused by bending in the processes of wire winding, transportation, use and the like after the cable is stranded 2 The wire is exposed.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the width of the high-temperature-resistant glass ribbon in the fourth step is 20 mm-25 mm, the thickness is 0.1 mm-0.15 mm, and the stacking width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm. The invention adopts the lamination winding process in the winding process of the high-temperature-resistant glass ribbon,and the technological parameters are strictly controlled to ensure that the glass fiber insulating layer uniformly covers the front-stage cable.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the phase-forming heat treatment system in the fifth step is as follows: heating rate of 300 ℃/h +/-20 ℃/h, heat treatment temperature of 600-650 ℃, heat preservation time of 2-4 h, flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere of 200-500 mL/min, and cooling along with a furnace after phase heat treatment. The phase-forming heat treatment process adopts inert atmosphere argon for protection so as to avoid MgB 2 Oxidation of the superconducting cable.
One of the MgB 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the carbon removal heat treatment system in the step six is as follows: heating rate of 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, heat treatment temperature of 300-350 ℃ and heat preservation time of 2-5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the procedures of first twisting and then phase-forming heat treatment, thereby effectively avoiding the brittle MgB caused by external forces such as bending, torsion, shearing and the like in the subsequent use process 2 Destruction of superconducting phase ensures multicore subcomponent MgB 2 The integrity of the wire and the continuous and uniform distribution of the superconducting phase, thereby obtaining high-performance MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
2. The invention adopts the high temperature resistant glass ribbon insulation and combines the subsequent carbon removal heat treatment process, thereby effectively removing the deposited C on the surface of the glass ribbon and avoiding the deposited C from MgB 2 The adverse effect of the insulating property of the superconducting cable solves the problem of the reduction of the mechanical property of the glass ribbon caused by the pre-decarbonization, and the dielectric layer with the breakdown resistance of more than 2000V is obtained to obtain MgB with good insulating property and meeting the practical application 2 A superconducting cable.
3. The invention is realized by the method that the method is realized by the method that 2 Oxygen-free copper strand with good heat and electricity conducting performance added in subcomponent strand of superconducting cable to replace MgB 2 Wire rod, mgB is improved 2 Electromagnetic stability and thermal stability of superconducting cable, and avoids MgB caused by local hot spot generated by high current 2 Quench of superconducting cables.
4. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, short preparation flow, low raw material cost and suitability for large-scale application and popularization.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a composite cable of a three-stage cable according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1—MgB 2 A wire rod; 2-primary cable; 3-oxygen-free copper strands;
4-secondary cable; 5-three-level cables; 6-a stainless steel protective layer;
7-a glass fiber insulating layer; 8-composite cable.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step one, according to the application requirement of the superconducting energy storage coil, mgB is carried out 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a three-stage cable with a 3×4×4=48 strand structure, wherein the first-stage cable has a (2+1) strand structure and comprises 2 strands of MgB 2 Superconducting strand, 1 strand oxygen-free copper strand, 4 strand structure of the secondary cable, 4 strand structure of the tertiary cable, 4 strand structure of the primary cable, 4 strand structure of the secondary cable, and finally MgB 2 The superconducting cable contains 32 MgBs 2 Superconducting strands and 16 oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 The three-stage cable strand structure of superconducting cable is characterized by firstly adopting MgB with diameter phi of 1.0mm, length of 1.2km and superconducting transmission current of 200A (4.2K, 4T) 2 The wire 1 is equally divided into 2 sections, and is respectively wound on 3 stranded cable wheels together with an oxygen-free copper stranded wire 3 with the length of 600m, and is rewound on a phi 500/1+6 cage type stranding machine, then primary stranded cables are obtained, the primary stranded cables adopt a wire running speed of 5m/min, the tension is 2kg, and the pitch of the cables is 35mm plus or minus 2mm; then the primary cable 2 is equally divided into 4 sections, and then is respectively wound on 4 cable twisting wheels to carry out secondary twisting to obtain the cable with the length of 140mThe secondary cable 4 adopts a wire running speed of 4m/min, the tension is 6kg, and the pitch of the cable is 85mm plus or minus 5mm; after the secondary cable 2 is continuously and averagely divided into 4 sections, respectively winding the 4-stranded cable wheels to carry out three-stage stranded cable, wherein the three-stage stranded cable adopts a routing speed of 3m/min, the tension is 15kg, the pitch of the cable is 120mm plus or minus 2mm, and the length of strands with the lengths of about 30m and 48 (MgB) 2 32 strands of wire) of the tertiary cable 5;
step three, adopting a 316L stainless steel belt with the width of 20mm plus or minus 0.5mm and the thickness of 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm to carry out winding protection on the outer layer of the three-level cable 5 obtained in the step two, and adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, wherein the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, so as to form a stainless steel protection layer 6;
step four, a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon with the width of 20mm plus or minus 1mm and the thickness of 0.1mm plus or minus 0.02mm is adopted to carry out winding protection on the stainless steel protective layer 6 of the three-stage cable in the step three, and in the winding protection process, laminated winding is adopted, the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, and a glass fiber insulating layer 7 is formed, so that a composite cable 8 is obtained;
step five, intercepting the composite cable 8 obtained in the step four for 1.4m, straightening, carrying out phase formation heat treatment under the condition of flowing argon, heating at a rate of 300 ℃/h+/-20 ℃/h, carrying out heat treatment at a temperature of 600+/-5 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling along with a furnace after the phase formation heat treatment, wherein the flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere is 200 mL/min+/-10 mL/min;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2h, so as to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
Testing MgB with megameter 2 The breakdown resistance of the glass fiber insulation layer 7 in the superconducting cable reaches over 2000V, so that the application requirement of the superconducting energy storage coil is met; adopts a four-lead transmission method to carry out MgB 2 Superconducting cable performs superconducting transmission test, and the result shows MgB 2 The critical currents of the superconducting cable reached 6.56kA (4.2K, 4T) and 7.04kA (20K, 2T), respectively.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, mgB is carried out according to the application requirement of a fusion reactor magnet 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a four-stage cable with a 3×4×4×4=144 strand structure, wherein the first-stage cable has a (2+1) strand structure and comprises 2 strands of MgB 2 Superconducting strand, 1 strand oxygen-free copper strand, the second-level cable is of a 4-strand structure, and is twisted by 4 first-level cables, the third-level cable is of a 4-strand structure, and is twisted by 4 second-level cables, the fourth-level cable is of a 4-strand structure, and is twisted by 4 third-level cables, and finally MgB 2 The superconducting cable contains 96 MgBs 2 Superconducting strands and 48 oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 A four-stage cable strand structure of a superconducting cable is characterized in that MgB with the diameter phi of 0.8mm, the length of 2km and the superconducting transmission current 130A (4.2K and 4T) is adopted 2 The wire is equally divided into 2 sections, and is respectively wound on 3 stranded cable wheels together with an oxygen-free copper stranded wire 3 with the length of 1km, and is rewound on a phi 500/1+6 cage type stranding machine, then primary stranded cables are obtained, the primary stranded cables adopt a wire running speed of 5m/min, the tension is 2kg, and the pitch of the cables is 20mm plus or minus 2mm; then, after the primary cable is equally divided into 4 sections, respectively winding the 4 sections of the primary cable on 4 stranded cable wheels to obtain a secondary cable 4 with the length of about 330m, wherein the secondary cable adopts a routing speed of 4m/min, the tension is 5kg, and the pitch of the cable is 60mm plus or minus 5mm; continuously equally dividing the secondary cable into 4 sections, respectively winding the 4 sections of cable wheels for three-stage cable twisting, wherein the three-stage cable twisting adopts a wire running speed of 3m/min, a tension of 10kg and a pitch of 120mm plus or minus 5mm, so as to obtain a three-stage cable with a length of about 80 m; after the three-level cable is equally divided into 4 sections, respectively winding the four-level cable on 4 cable twisting wheels, wherein the four-level cable is adopted to have a routing speed of 3m/min, a tension of 15kg and a pitch of 200mm plus or minus 10mm, and the length of about 20m and 144 strands (MgB) 2 96 strands of wire) of the four-stage cable;
step three, adopting a 316L stainless steel belt with the width of 2mm plus or minus 0.5mm and the thickness of 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm to carry out winding protection on the outer layer of the four-stage cable obtained in the step two, and adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, wherein the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, so as to form a stainless steel protection layer;
step four, adopting a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon with the width of 25mm plus or minus 1mm and the thickness of 0.15mm plus or minus 0.02mm to carry out winding protection on the stainless steel protective layer of the fourth-stage cable in the step three, adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, and forming a glass fiber insulating layer with the laminated width of 5mm plus or minus 1mm to obtain the composite cable;
step five, intercepting the composite cable obtained in the step four for 1.2m for straightening, then carrying out phase formation heat treatment under the condition of flowing argon, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 650 ℃ +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, the flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere is 500mL/min plus or minus 10mL/min, and cooling along with a furnace after the phase formation heat treatment;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h +/-20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5h, so as to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
Testing MgB with megameter 2 The breakdown resistance of the glass fiber insulation layer in the superconducting cable reaches over 2000V, so that the application requirement of the fusion reactor magnet is met; adopts a four-lead transmission method to carry out MgB 2 Superconducting cable performs superconducting transmission test, and the result shows MgB 2 The critical currents of the superconducting cable reached 11.8kA (4.2K, 4T) and 12.3kA (20K, 2T), respectively.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the steps of:
step one, according to the application requirement of the superconducting transmission cable, mgB is carried out 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a three-stage cable with a 4×3×3=36 strand structure, wherein the first-stage cable has a (3+1) strand structure and comprises 3 strands of MgB 2 Superconducting strand, 1 strand oxygen-free copper strand, 3 strand structure of the secondary cable, 3 strand structure of the tertiary cable, 3 strand structure of the secondary cable, and finally MgB 2 The superconducting cable contains 27 MgBs 2 Superconducting strands and 9 oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 The three-stage cable strand structure of superconducting cable comprises a MgB with diameter phi 1.0mm, length 1.0km and superconducting transmission current 220A (4.2K, 4T) 2 The wire 1 is equally divided into 3 sections, and is respectively wound on 4 stranded cable wheels together with an oxygen-free copper stranded wire 3 with the length of 350m, and is rewound on a phi 500/1+6 cage type stranding machine to obtain a primary stranded cable 2, wherein the primary stranded cable adopts a wire running speed of 5m/min, the tension is 3kg, and the pitch of the cable is 40 mm+/-2 mm; then, after the primary cable 2 is averagely divided into 3 sections, respectively winding the 3 stranded cable wheels to carry out secondary stranded cables to obtain a secondary cable 4 with the length of about 110m, wherein the secondary stranded cable adopts a routing speed of 4m/min, the tension is 8kg, and the pitch of the cable is 80mm plus or minus 5mm; after the secondary cable is evenly divided into 3 sections, respectively winding the three-stage stranded cable on 3 stranded cable wheels, wherein the three-stage stranded cable adopts a routing speed of 3m/min, the tension is 15kg, the pitch of the cable is 120mm plus or minus 5mm, and the length of the cable is about 35m and 36 strands (MgB) 2 27 strands of wire) of the tertiary cable 5;
step three, adopting a 316L stainless steel belt with the width of 20mm plus or minus 0.5mm and the thickness of 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm to carry out winding protection on the outer layer of the three-level cable 5 obtained in the step two, and adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, wherein the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, so as to form a stainless steel protection layer 6;
step four, a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon with the width of 20mm plus or minus 1mm and the thickness of 0.1mm plus or minus 0.02mm is adopted to carry out winding protection on the stainless steel protective layer 6 of the three-stage cable in the step three, and in the winding protection process, laminated winding is adopted, the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, and a glass fiber insulating layer 7 is formed, so that a composite cable 8 is obtained;
step five, intercepting the composite cable 8 obtained in the step four for 1.3m to be straightened, then carrying out phase formation heat treatment under the condition of flowing argon, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 620 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3h, the flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere is 350mL/min plus or minus 10mL/min, and cooling along with a furnace after the phase formation heat treatment;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 320 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3.5h, so as to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
Testing MgB with megameter 2 Glass fiber insulating layer in superconducting cableThe breakdown resistance of the cable reaches over 2000V, and the application requirement of the superconducting transmission cable is met; adopts a four-lead transmission method to carry out MgB 2 Superconducting cable performs superconducting transmission test, and the result shows MgB 2 The critical currents of the superconducting cable reached 5.26kA (4.2K, 4T) and 5.42kA (20K, 2T), respectively.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, according to the application requirement of the superconducting transmission cable, mgB is carried out 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a secondary cable with a 4×4=16 strand structure, wherein the primary cable has a (3+1) strand structure and comprises 3 strands of MgB 2 Superconducting strand wires, 1 strand oxygen-free copper strand wires, a secondary cable with a 4 strand structure, and 4 primary cables twisted to form MgB 2 The superconducting cable contains 12 MgB 2 Superconducting strands and 4 oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 The two-stage cable strand structure of the superconducting cable comprises a MgB with diameter phi 1.0mm, length 600m and superconducting transmission current 200A (4.2K, 4T) 2 The wire is equally divided into 3 sections, and is wound on 4 stranded cable wheels respectively with an oxygen-free copper stranded wire with the length of 200m, and is rewound on a phi 500/1+6 cage stranding machine, then primary stranded cables are obtained, the primary stranded cables adopt a wire running speed of 5m/min, the tension is 5kg, and the pitch of the cables is 25mm plus or minus 2mm; then equally dividing the primary cable into 4 sections, respectively winding the 4 sections of cable wheels for secondary cable twisting, wherein the secondary cable has a wire running speed of 4m/min, a tension of 8kg and a pitch of 60mm plus or minus 5mm, and the secondary cable with a length of about 50m is obtained;
step three, adopting a 316L stainless steel belt with the width of 2mm plus or minus 0.5mm and the thickness of 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm to carry out winding protection on the outer layer of the four-stage cable obtained in the step two, and adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, wherein the laminated width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm, so as to form a stainless steel protection layer;
step four, adopting a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon with the width of 20mm plus or minus 1mm and the thickness of 0.13mm plus or minus 0.02mm to carry out winding protection on the stainless steel protective layer of the fourth-stage cable in the step three, adopting laminated winding in the winding protection process, and forming a glass fiber insulating layer with the laminated width of 5mm plus or minus 1mm to obtain the composite cable;
step five, intercepting the composite cable obtained in the step four for 0.5m to be straightened, then carrying out phase formation heat treatment under the condition of flowing argon, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 620 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, the flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere is 300mL/min plus or minus 10mL/min, and cooling along with a furnace after the phase formation heat treatment;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition, wherein the heating rate is 300 ℃/h +/-20 ℃/h, the heat treatment temperature is 320 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3h, so as to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
Testing MgB with megameter 2 The breakdown resistance of the glass fiber insulation layer in the superconducting cable reaches over 2000V, so that the application requirement of the superconducting transmission cable is met; adopts a four-lead transmission method to carry out MgB 2 Superconducting cable performs superconducting transmission test, and the result shows MgB 2 The critical currents of the superconducting cable reached 2.36kA (4.2K, 4T) and 2.44kA (20K, 2T), respectively.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. MgB (MgB) 2 A method of preparing a superconducting cable, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, according to application requirements, mgB is processed 2 The superconducting cable is designed into a multi-stage cable with a strand structure, and the strand structure contains MgB 2 Superconducting strands and oxygen-free copper strands;
step two, according to the MgB designed in the step one 2 Multi-stage cable strand structure of superconducting cable, mgB is firstly adopted 2 The wire is separated and rewound with the oxygen-free copper strand wires, then a primary cable is obtained, then the primary cable is separated and stranded, and then the primary cable separation process and the stranded cable process are repeated until a multi-stage cable is obtained;
winding and protecting the outer layer of the multi-stage cable obtained in the step two by adopting a stainless steel belt to form a stainless steel protective layer;
winding and protecting the stainless steel protective layer of the multi-stage cable in the third step by adopting a high-temperature-resistant glass fiber ribbon to form a glass fiber insulating layer, so as to obtain a composite cable;
step five, carrying out phase formation heat treatment on the composite cable obtained in the step four under the condition of flowing argon;
step six, carrying out carbon removal heat treatment on the composite cable subjected to the phase formation heat treatment in the step five under the air condition to obtain MgB 2 A superconducting cable.
2. A MgB according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the multi-stage cable in the first step is two to four stages, and the number of strands of oxygen-free copper strands in the first-stage cable in the second step is 1/4 or 1/3.
3. A MgB according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the number of the branching sections in the second step is 2 or 3, the routing speed adopted by the stranded cable is 3-5 m/min, the tension is 2-15 kg, and the pitch of the cable is 35-120 mm.
4. A MgB according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the width of the stainless steel belt in the third step is 20mm plus or minus 0.5mm, the thickness of the stainless steel belt is 0.05mm plus or minus 0.01mm, and the stacking width of the stainless steel belt is 5mm plus or minus 1mm.
5. A MgB according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the width of the high-temperature-resistant glass ribbon in the fourth step is 20 mm-25 mm, the thickness is 0.1 mm-0.15 mm, and the stacking width is 5mm plus or minus 1mm.
6. A MgB according to claim 1 2 Preparation of superconducting cableThe method is characterized in that the phase-forming heat treatment system in the fifth step is as follows: heating rate of 300 ℃/h +/-20 ℃/h, heat treatment temperature of 600-650 ℃, heat preservation time of 2-4 h, flow rate of flowing argon protective atmosphere of 200-500 mL/min, and cooling along with a furnace after phase heat treatment.
7. A MgB according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the superconducting cable is characterized in that the carbon removal heat treatment system in the step six is as follows: heating rate of 300 ℃/h plus or minus 20 ℃/h, heat treatment temperature of 300-350 ℃ and heat preservation time of 2-5 h.
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