CN116595396A - Logging curve standardization method and device based on multi-window anchor points - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a logging curve standardization method and device based on a multi-window anchor point, and the logging curve standardization method based on the multi-window anchor point used by the invention can provide a set of flow suitable for carrying out automatic depth matching on multi-pass logging curves. The logging curve is standardized, namely, the systematic errors generated in the process of logging data acquisition are eliminated, and the logging curve data corresponding to each well target layer have the same mean value or similar frequency distribution through curve standardized correction, so that the method is an essential basic work in subsequent oil reservoir evaluation and reservoir geological research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a logging curve standardization method and device based on multi-window anchor points.
Background
In the field of oil and gas exploration, well logging is widely used in the oil and gas exploration, development, completion phases. Logging interpretation plays an important role in formation evaluation and reservoir fluid property discrimination. The standardization of the logging curve refers to matching the depths of the logging data of multiple passes of the same well, provides a guarantee for providing a complete interpretation conclusion, and can also ensure the accurate operation of subsequent perforation, side-wall coring and formation testing.
The normalization of the log curves usually selects natural gamma curves for depth matching, and other curves in the same set are subjected to depth shifting according to the correction amount of the natural gamma. There are two currently common methods of depth matching. Firstly, an algorithm based on cross correlation and variance cannot provide accurate depth matching, and additional manual auxiliary adjustment is needed, so that the requirement of automatic data processing cannot be met. Secondly, based on the deep matching of machine learning, the machine learning can make up for the defect of manual assistance, the training set of the machine learning contains a large amount of oil field data, in order to obtain a perfect model, the grid model needs to be updated continuously, and meanwhile, matching points which do not meet the requirements need to be adjusted manually to update a database. The disadvantage of this approach is that the early stage is highly dependent on self-updating and human-machine interaction, and requires a large amount of training data to provide support. There is therefore still a need for curve depth matching of multi-pass log curves based on automated processing algorithms.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a logging curve standardization method and device based on multi-window anchor points.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a log standardization method based on multi-window anchor points, comprising the steps of:
101. importing logging data, wherein the logging data comprises a logging curve in the first logging data and a logging curve in the second logging data, and the two logging curves are logging curves of the same type;
102. performing curve pretreatment on the two imported logging curves to ensure that the sampling rates of the two logging curves are consistent, and obtaining two pretreated logging curves;
103. performing initial offset treatment on the two pretreated logging curves;
104. extracting attributes of the two logging curves after initial offset, selecting one logging curve in the first time of logging data as a reference curve, and one logging curve of the same type in the second time of logging data as a target curve, and identifying one or more curve attributes by comparing the reference curve and the target curve to obtain anchor point pairs of the two logging curves;
105. under the condition that anchor point pairs of two logging curves are obtained, selecting depth offset corresponding to the anchor points of the execution reference curve or the target curve, generating a final anchor point pair, and generating a depth offset chart;
106. the generated depth offset chart is applied to other curves in the second pass of well logging data to achieve full well logging curve normalization operations for the second pass of well logging data.
Further, the logging curve standardization method based on the multi-window anchor point further comprises the following steps:
107. after all log curves are normalized, data analysis and reservoir hydrocarbon evaluation are performed.
Further, in step 102, the curve preprocessing includes: 1) Resampling the data, and changing the sampling rate of the data into a set interval; 2) The interfering portion of the two passes of data is suppressed.
Further, in step 104, the attribute extraction employsThe method assumes that the log in the first pass of log data is +.>The log in the second log is +.>，/>The calculation formula is as follows: />Wherein: />Depth (I) of->Is->Average of->Is->Average of->Is about->Function of->Is about->Is a function of (2);
along a reference curveDirectional sliding window, extracting a series of +.>Samples are taken to obtain corresponding->Data forming a series of anchor pairs.
Further, in step 103, the performing an initial offset process on the preprocessed curve includes performing: 1) Calculating correlation coefficients of two logging curves respectively belonging to the first time logging data and the second time logging data, and then executing initial offset processing of a fixed value; 2) And smoothing the two log curves.
Further, the step 104 further includes: searching suitable anchor point pairs by utilizing windows with different sizes to obtain an optimal solution; if none of the anchor pairs under any selected window match, then it is considered an invalid anchor pair.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a log standardization device based on a multi-window anchor, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of any of the methods described above when executing the computer program.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of any of the methods described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
for the traditional curve normalization method, the logging curve normalization method based on the multi-window anchor point can provide a set of processes suitable for automatic curve normalization of multi-pass logging curves, and the processes mainly comprise logging data introduction, curve pretreatment, initial offset treatment, logging curve attribute extraction, refined offset treatment, depth offset chart generation, application to a plurality of sets, and finally stratum analysis and reservoir oil gas evaluation of the logging data. The logging curve is standardized, namely, the systematic errors generated in the process of logging data acquisition are eliminated, and the logging curve data corresponding to each well target layer have the same mean value or similar frequency distribution through curve standardized correction, so that the method is an essential basic work in subsequent oil reservoir evaluation and reservoir geological research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a log normalization method based on multi-window anchor points according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of attribute extraction in step 104 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the curves before and after normalization in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a log standardization apparatus based on multi-window anchor points according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a logging curve standardization method based on multi-window anchor points, which can utilize a logging curve in first-pass logging data to carry out curve standardization on the same measurement items in second-pass logging data. And calculating the offset distance of the correlation coefficient between the two logging curves as the constant offset of the second logging curve, and finally realizing the automatic matching of the depth. The process can also perform multi-feature pickup of the log, and a specific depth offset chart is obtained through feature value analysis, and the depth offset chart is applied to a second curve to stretch or compress the curve. After the depth offset chart is applied, all curves in the measurement are subjected to the same depth offset and are applied to the whole data set. Finally, the normalized log may be used for formation comparison, depositional evolution, fault analysis, etc., and may be used in engineering applications, such as determining perforation depth, coring level, formation test level.
Specifically, the logging curve standardization method based on the multi-window anchor point mainly comprises the following steps:
101. importing logging data
The imported logging data comprises a logging curve, a logging curve in the second time logging data and a depth coordinate system, wherein the two logging curves are the same type of logging curves; the natural gamma curve of the two-pass data is selected for importing, and other types of curves can be imported as reference curves, such as acoustic wave time difference, volume density, compensation neutrons and the like.
102. Curve pretreatment
The purpose of curve preprocessing is to make the two passes of data sampling rates consistent and to remove outliers. Preprocessing the two imported logging curves, including: 1) Resampling the data, changing the sampling rate of the data to a set interval, such as 1 foot or 2 feet; 2) Suppressing the disturbing part of the two passes of data, such as outliers on the natural gamma curve, outliers can be zeroed out or replaced with constant terms.
103. Initial offset processing
Initial offset processing is carried out on the two preprocessed curves: the method comprises the steps of 1) performing conventional preprocessing between two curves, namely calculating correlation coefficients of 2 logging curves respectively belonging to the first time logging data and the second time logging data, then performing initial offset processing of a fixed value, wherein the correlation coefficients can be performed by selecting a certain section of curve, and the maximum offset can be used as the fixed value for offset processing. 2) And (5) smoothing the logging curve.
Through this step, two logs can be roughly synchronized.
104. Attribute extraction
Extracting attributes of the two logging curves after initial offset, selecting a first logging curve as a reference curve 201, and a second logging curve as a target curve 202, and identifying one or more curve attributes by comparing the reference curve and the target curve to obtain anchor point pairs of the two logging curves;
in this way, this step identifies one or more curve-specific properties, such as extrema, inflection points, by comparing the reference curve to the target curve. These attributes can be defined as anchor points for the target curve 202, and the attribute identification appliesA method of manufacturing the same. Defining a plurality of properties on a given curve, for example anchor points 301, 302, 303 and further property anchor points 304, 305 of reference curve 201 in fig. 2, by being based on +.>And (3) finding out corresponding points on the corresponding reference curves to form anchor point pairs. Let the first pass curve be +.>The second curve is +.>，/>The calculation formula is as follows: />Wherein:depth (I) of->Is->Average of->Is->Average of->Is about->Function of->Is aboutIs a function of (2).
Along a reference curve 201Directional sliding window, extracting a series of +.>Obtaining a corresponding sampleData. For example, in fig. 2, the anchor points 301, 302, and 303 on the reference curve 201 correspond to the anchor points 401, 402, and 403, and the anchor points 304 and 305 correspond to the anchor points 404 and 405, so as to form a series of anchor point pairs.
In order to avoid mismatching, a multi-scale method is used, suitable anchor point pairs are searched by utilizing windows with different sizes, an optimal solution is obtained, and the number of the windows can be defined as 2 or 3. If none of the anchor pairs under any selected window match, then it is considered an invalid anchor pair. By employing a plurality of different window sizes, a plurality of optimal positions on curve 201 corresponding to anchor points on curve 202 (optimal positions refer to optimal offsets to which most of the 2 curve eigenvalues can correspond) can be obtained. If the curve 201 locations are the same for multiple window sizes, then anchor pairs at this depth will be designated and saved.
105. Refining offset
The refinement offset may be defined by one or more anchor points, where the offset at the anchor point depth of the execution curve 201 or curve 202 is selected autonomously, and for malformed curves, the refinement offset may be performed multiple times, e.g., after the first refinement offset is performed, the execution results perform a second refinement offset, the second time focusing on the invalid anchor point at the time of the first refinement offset. Such an operation may improve the curve matching, and by refining the offset twice, a final anchor pair may be generated, which may generate a depth offset chart 106. The generated depth offset chart 106 may be used to change or move the anchor point depth of the curve 202 corresponding to the curve 201. When a depth-shift chart is applied to the second pass curve 202, the curve may be stretched or compressed.
106. Applying depth offset charts
Applying the generated depth offset graph to other curves in the second measurement to realize the standardization of all curves in the second logging data;
107. data analysis and reservoir hydrocarbon evaluation
After curve standardization, data analysis and reservoir oil and gas evaluation are carried out on the data, and the standardized logging curve can be used for stratum comparison, deposit evolution, fault analysis and the like, and can be applied to engineering, such as perforation depth determination, coring layer determination and stratum test layer determination.
The logging curve is standardized, namely, the systematic errors generated in the process of logging data acquisition are eliminated, and the logging curve data corresponding to each well target layer have the same mean value or similar frequency distribution through curve standardized correction, so that the method is an essential basic work in subsequent oil reservoir evaluation and reservoir geological research.
As shown in figure 3, the result shows that the curve qualification rate of the normalized well logging curve is increased by more than 30%, the well logging interpretation precision and accuracy are improved, various useful geological information in the well logging curve is accurately extracted, the curve qualification rate is obviously improved, and the normalized well logging curve has a certain reference value for the standardization of the well logging curve of the old well area of the oil field.
Example 2:
as described with reference to fig. 4, the log standardization apparatus based on the multi-window anchor point provided in this embodiment includes a processor 41, a memory 42, and a computer program 43 stored in the memory 42 and executable on the processor 41, for example, the log standardization program based on the multi-window anchor point. The processor 41, when executing the computer program 43, implements the steps of embodiment 1 described above, such as the steps described in fig. 1.
Illustratively, the computer program 43 may be partitioned into one or more modules/units that are stored in the memory 42 and executed by the processor 41 to complete the present invention. The one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a specific function for describing the execution of the computer program 43 in the multi-window anchor-based log normalization device.
The logging curve standardization device based on the multi-window anchor point can be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a cloud server and other computing equipment. The multi-window anchor based log normalization means may include, but is not limited to, a processor 41, a memory 42. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that fig. 4 is merely an example of a multi-window anchor-based log normalization apparatus and does not constitute a limitation of a multi-window anchor-based log normalization apparatus, and may include more or less components than illustrated, or may combine certain components, or different components, e.g., the multi-window anchor-based log normalization apparatus may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.
The processor 41 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), but may also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays (FieldProgrammable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 42 may be an internal storage element of the multi-window anchor based log normalization device, such as a hard disk or a memory of the multi-window anchor based log normalization device. The memory 42 may also be an external storage device of the log standardization device based on the multi-window anchor, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash Card (Flash Card) or the like, which are provided on the log standardization device based on the multi-window anchor. Further, the memory 42 may also include both internal and external memory devices of the multi-window anchor based log normalization apparatus. The memory 42 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the multi-window anchor based log normalization device. The memory 42 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
Example 3:
the present embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in embodiment 1.
The computer readable medium can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer readable medium may even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, such as by optically scanning the paper or other medium, then editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and electronically obtaining the program, which is then stored in a computer memory.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the essence of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The logging curve standardization method based on the multi-window anchor point is characterized by comprising the following steps:
101. importing logging data, wherein the logging data comprises one logging curve in the first logging data and one logging curve in the second logging data, and the two logging curves are logging curves of the same type;
102. performing curve pretreatment on the two imported logging curves to ensure that the sampling rates of the two logging curves are consistent, and obtaining two pretreated logging curves;
103. performing initial offset treatment on the two pretreated logging curves;
104. extracting attributes of the two logging curves after initial offset, selecting one logging curve in the first time of logging data as a reference curve, and one logging curve of the same type in the second time of logging data as a target curve, and identifying one or more curve attributes by comparing the reference curve and the target curve to obtain anchor point pairs of the two logging curves;
105. under the condition that anchor point pairs of two logging curves are obtained, selecting depth offset corresponding to the anchor points of the execution reference curve or the target curve, generating a final anchor point pair, and generating a depth offset chart;
106. the generated depth offset chart is applied to other curves in the second pass of well logging data to achieve full well logging curve normalization operations for the second pass of well logging data.
2. The method for normalizing a log based on a multi-window anchor of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
107. after all log curves are normalized, data analysis and reservoir hydrocarbon evaluation are performed.
3. The multi-window anchor based log normalization method of claim 1, wherein in step 102, the curve preprocessing comprises: 1) Resampling the data, and changing the sampling rate of the data into a set interval; 2) The interfering portion of the two passes of data is suppressed.
4. The method of normalizing log curves based on multi-window anchor points of claim 1, wherein in step 104, the attribute extraction employsThe method assumes that the log in the first pass of log data is +.>The log in the second log is +.>，/>The calculation formula is as follows: />Wherein: />Depth (I) of->Is->Average of->Is->Average of->Is about->Function of->Is about->Is a function of (2);
along a reference curveDirectional sliding window, extracting a series of +.>Samples are taken to obtain corresponding->Data forming a series of anchor pairs.
5. The method for normalizing a log based on a multi-window anchor of claim 3 wherein, in step 103, said initially shifting the preprocessed log comprises performing: 1) Calculating correlation coefficients of two logging curves respectively belonging to the first time logging data and the second time logging data, and then executing initial offset processing of a fixed value; 2) And smoothing the two log curves.
6. The method of normalizing log curves based on multi-window anchor points of claim 1, wherein the step 104 further comprises: searching suitable anchor point pairs by utilizing windows with different sizes to obtain an optimal solution; if none of the anchor pairs under any selected window match, then it is considered an invalid anchor pair.
7. A log standardization device based on a multi-window anchor, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the computer program.
8. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN112630839A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Well logging curve standardization method and system |
| CN113672853A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-11-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Automatic standardized processing method and system for logging curve |
| US20230083651A1 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-03-16 | Institute Of Geology And Geophysics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Method and system for analyzing filling for karst reservoir based on spectrum decomposition and machine learning |
| CN116188627A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-30 | 广州海洋地质调查局三亚南海地质研究所 | Logging curve digitizing method and device |
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