CN116593673A - Visual test system and method for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction - Google Patents
Visual test system and method for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN116593673A CN116593673A CN202310630494.0A CN202310630494A CN116593673A CN 116593673 A CN116593673 A CN 116593673A CN 202310630494 A CN202310630494 A CN 202310630494A CN 116593673 A CN116593673 A CN 116593673A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/02—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder
- G01N7/04—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by absorption, adsorption, or combustion of components and measurement of the change in pressure or volume of the remainder by absorption or adsorption alone
Abstract
The invention discloses a visual test system and a visual test method for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction, wherein a hot flue gas injection allocation system realizes accurate configuration and injection of flue gas with different temperatures and different gas mixing specific heats, and can realize 'hot flue gas fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH' under in-situ conditions by combining an in-situ reservoir stress temperature simulation function of a triaxial core holder system 4 Simulation test research of the whole process of displacement and extraction; using ultrasoundThe acoustic emission technology is combined with the in-situ CT scanning technology, so that the dynamic visual monitoring of the structure and the development condition of the internal hole and crack of the sample in the test process is realized; the temperature field, stress field and deformation field distribution cloud images of the surface of the sample and surrounding gas of the sample can be inverted in real time through the optical fiber monitoring system and the wearable flexible sensor system; therefore, the evolution characteristics and interaction rules of the temperature field, the stress field, the flow field and the strain field of the sample surface and the surrounding gas thereof in the whole dynamic distributed monitoring test process are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a visual test system and a visual test methodThe method, in particular to a visual test system and a visual test method for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction, which belong to carbon fixation and CH 4 The technical field of extraction.
Background
Based on the national conditions of the national energy structure of 'rich coal, lean oil and less gas', the coal accounts for more than 50% in the energy consumption of China. Wherein, the coal-fired power plant is a main mode of coal consumption, and annual average emission of CO in the exothermic flue gas of the coal-fired power plant 2 About 30% to 50% of the total weight of the catalyst to reduce CO 2 The emission amount into the atmosphere is CO 2 Sequestration is a potential solution widely regarded as the most effective solution to achieving carbon neutralization; deep non-mined coal seam CH in China 4 Huge adsorption volume and huge CH 4 Resource utilization prospect, in addition, these coal beds are buried deeply in the ground, are generally difficult to directly mine, can provide better sealing and storing geological conditions for hot flue gas, and a learner predicts CO of an unmined coal bed of 1500-2000 m underground 2 The amount of sealing is about 558 t; however, deep coal-non-mining layers generally have the characteristics of high ground stress, low porosity and low permeability, and increase hot flue gas injection and CH 4 The difficulty of extraction is that the fracture structure development of coal seam holes is promoted by means of fracturing permeability-increasing measures, and the fracture structure development is the sealing and storage of hot flue gas and CH 4 Extraction provides an efficient migration path.
The hot flue gas generated by the fire coal of the coal-fired power plant is mainly composed of CO 2 、N 2 、H 2 O (g) and very small amounts of SOx and NO X The composition is that the temperature is 50-300 ℃ which is far higher than the reservoir temperature of deep non-mined coal seams; on one hand, the injection of hot flue gas into the fractured coal seam can promote the CH of the coal body due to the higher temperature of the hot flue gas 4 Desorption of gases and, in addition, CO in hot flue gases 2 The adsorption CH of the target deep non-recoverable coal seam can be largely replaced due to competitive adsorption advantages 4 Gas promotes CH of coal seam difficult to be mined in deep part of target 4 The gas is produced in a large quantity, and the coal bed methane exploitation efficiency is improved while the sealing of the hot flue gas is realized.
The scholars at home and abroad aim at single-component gas CO 2 Or N 2 Displacement coal seam CH 4 Extensive research has been conducted, however, forHigh-temperature hot flue gas containing multiple gas components is opposite to coal seam CH 4 Is insufficient in study on influence of the drainage effect; in addition, the prior researches on methane effect of the gas injection coal mining layer are only researched aiming at single processes of adsorption, seepage, displacement, sealing and the like, and the prior researches on gas injection displacement coal seam CH 4 Mainly focused on the study of monitoring parameters of an inner flow field including air pressure, flow and air components, and concerning' coal seam fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 The research of multi-parameter coupling dynamic monitoring of strain, temperature, damage and the like of the whole-process coal body is insufficient; regarding the monitoring of the parameters related to the coal body, a mode of attaching a strain gauge to the coal body is generally adopted, however, the mode is generally poor in sealing performance, and a sensor is easily damaged in the loading process due to the fact that the strain gauge is attached to the coal body, in addition, the mode is generally only capable of monitoring local areas of the coal body, and distributed monitoring is difficult to achieve in the coal body; in addition, most of the current CT combines with the displacement technology, only samples before and after displacement are taken out from a clamp holder and placed on a CT control console for scanning, but the scheme cannot reflect the real-time development condition of a coal body fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 extraction coal body internal hole crack structure under in-situ conditions in general;
therefore, in view of the above technical drawbacks, it is highly desirable to provide a visual test system and a visual test method, which can realize "coal fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH" under in-situ conditions 4 The method comprises the steps of extracting the evolution characteristics and interaction mechanisms of 'temperature field-stress field-deformation field-flow field' in the whole coal body range in a dynamic distributed mode, carrying out visualization on the internal pore crack structure of the coal body in the whole coal body process, carrying out dynamic monitoring on damage development, and optimizing the follow-up actual sealing and storing of hot flue gas and CH according to the obtained evolution characteristics and interaction mechanisms 4 Extraction parameters, thereby maximally improving the thermal flue gas sealing quantity and CH of deep non-recoverable coal seam 4 Production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a visual test system and a visual test method for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction, which can realize 'coal fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH' under in-situ conditions 4 The method comprises the steps of extracting the evolution characteristics and interaction mechanisms of 'temperature field-stress field-deformation field-flow field' in the whole coal body range in a dynamic distributed mode, carrying out visualization on the internal pore crack structure of the coal body in the whole coal body process, carrying out dynamic monitoring on damage development, and optimizing the follow-up actual sealing and storing of hot flue gas and CH according to the obtained evolution characteristics and interaction mechanisms 4 Extraction parameters, thereby maximally improving the thermal flue gas sealing quantity and CH of deep non-recoverable coal seam 4 Production efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction comprises: hot flue gas injection allocation system, CH 4 The system comprises a He injection system, a triaxial core holder system, a damage monitoring system, a CT in-situ scanning system, a multi-field monitoring system and a tail gas analysis and treatment system;
The hot flue gas injection allocation system comprises a multi-component gas injection system, a water injection system and a hot flue gas generation system; the multi-component gas injection system includes CO 2 Gas cylinder, N 2 The gas cylinders and other component gas cylinders of the hot flue gas are connected with the hot flue gas generation system and are used for conveying each component gas of the hot flue gas to the hot flue gas generation system; the water injection system comprises a water tank and a water injection constant-speed constant-pressure pump, and the water tank is connected with the hot flue gas generation system through the water injection constant-speed constant-pressure pump and is used for conveying water to the hot flue gas generation system; the hot flue gas generation system comprises a gas stirring device, a constant temperature tank and an air compressor, wherein the gas stirring device is arranged in the constant temperature tank and used for stirring and mixing gas in the tank, the air compressor is connected with the constant temperature tank through a pipeline and used for pressurizing the gas in the constant temperature tank, the constant temperature tank is connected with a triaxial core holder system through a pipeline and used for stirring, heating, preserving heat and pressurizing the gas injected into the tank, and then the gas is conveyed to the triaxial core holder system; a vacuum pump is arranged on a pipeline between the hot flue gas injection allocation system and the triaxial core holder system;
the CH is 4 He implantation system includes CH 4 Gas cylinders and He gas cylinders, CH 4 The gas cylinder and the He gas cylinder are connected with a triaxial core holder system through pipelines respectivelyFor conveying CH to triaxial core holder system 4 A gas and a He gas;
the triaxial core holder system comprises a triaxial core holder main body and a hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump, wherein a sample placing space is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body, the hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump is connected with the triaxial core holder main body and is used for pumping hydraulic oil to the triaxial core holder main body to apply confining pressure to a sample in the triaxial core holder main body, controlling an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head to apply axial pressure, and controlling the temperature of the sample through the hydraulic oil;
the damage monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring unit and an ultrasonic monitoring unit, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring damage signals generated in the sample in real time; the ultrasonic monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the ultrasonic speed, attenuation and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves transmitted in the sample in real time;
the CT in-situ scanning system comprises an X-ray source, a detector and a rotary control console, wherein the triaxial core holder main body is arranged on the rotary control console and can rotate along with the control console; the X-ray source and the detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the triaxial core holder main body, so that X-rays emitted by the X-ray source pass through a sample and are received by the detector, and the X-ray source and the detector are used for scanning and clamping the internal space structure of the sample in real time;
The multi-field monitoring system comprises an optical fiber monitoring system and a wearable flexible sensor system, wherein the optical fiber monitoring system is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the temperature condition of real-time hydraulic fluid around a sample, the real-time radial deformation condition of the sample and the pressure condition of the hydraulic fluid around the sample; the wearable flexible sensor system is arranged on the surface of the sample and is used for monitoring the real-time temperature condition of the surface of the sample, the real-time stress condition of the surface of the sample, the gas pressure and gas concentration condition of the surface of the sample, the axial strain quantity and the circumferential strain quantity of the surface of the sample;
the tail gas analysis processing system comprises a gas analyzer and a tail gas collecting device, wherein one end of the gas analyzer is connected with the triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline, the other end of the gas analyzer is connected with the tail gas collecting device and is used for analyzing the tail gas components discharged after passing through the triaxial core holder main body in real time, and the tail gas components are discharged to the tail gas collecting device after being completed.
Furthermore, high-precision gas flow meters are arranged on the pipeline between the hot flue gas injection allocation system and the triaxial core holder system and the pipeline between the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system.
Further, the constant temperature tank is provided with a gas temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor, and a liquid temperature sensor is arranged inside the triaxial core holder main body.
Further, the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a conducting rod and an acoustic emission acquisition instrument, one end of the conducting rod extends into the triaxial core holder main body to be in contact with the surface of the sample, and the other end of the conducting rod is provided with an acoustic emission probe which is connected with the acoustic emission acquisition instrument through an acoustic signal amplifier; the ultrasonic monitoring unit comprises an ultrasonic emission probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe and an ultrasonic acquisition instrument, wherein the ultrasonic emission probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are respectively fixed on the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, and the ultrasonic acquisition instrument is respectively connected with the ultrasonic emission probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe, so that ultrasonic waves excited by the ultrasonic emission probe are received by the ultrasonic receiving probe after passing through a sample and are transmitted to the ultrasonic acquisition instrument.
Further, the optical fiber monitoring system comprises an axial optical fiber displacement sensor, a plurality of integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units and an optical fiber data acquisition system, wherein the axial optical fiber displacement sensor is arranged on the lower pressure head and is connected with the optical fiber data acquisition system through a data wire, and is used for monitoring the axial deformation of a sample; the plurality of integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the triaxial core holder main body and are connected with the optical fiber data acquisition system through optical fiber sensor connectors; each integrated radial optical fiber monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a radial optical fiber displacement sensor, wherein the optical fiber temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature change of the hydraulic fluid around the sample in real time, the radial optical fiber displacement sensor is used for acquiring the radial displacement of the inner wall of the clamp holder of different areas of the sample relative to the sample, and the optical fiber pressure sensor is used for acquiring the pressure change of the hydraulic fluid around each area of the sample.
Further, the wearable flexible sensor system comprises a flexible layer and a plurality of integrated sensor units, wherein the integrated sensor units are uniformly distributed on the flexible layer, the flexible layer is wrapped outside a sample, the integrated sensor units comprise a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, a gas sensor and a strain sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for monitoring temperature changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, the stress sensor is used for monitoring stress changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, the gas sensor is used for monitoring gas pressure changes and gas concentration changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, and the strain sensor is composed of a radial strain sensor and an axial strain sensor and is used for monitoring axial strain and circumferential strain changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time.
Further, the gas analyzer is any one of an infrared absorption gas analyzer, a laser absorption gas analyzer and a mass spectrometry gas analyzer.
Further, the other component gases of the hot flue gas include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and oxygen.
Further, a high-precision gas flowmeter and a barometer are arranged between the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body and are respectively used for monitoring the flow rate and the pressure of the tail gas discharged from the triaxial core holder main body; the low-range volumetric flowmeter, the medium-range volumetric flowmeter and the high-range volumetric flowmeter are arranged between the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body, and the three volumetric flowmeters are arranged in parallel.
The method for methane extraction and closed-loop carbon fixation of the hot flue gas displacement non-shearable layer comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparing a core sample and a layout test system: collecting coal bodies in a coal mine, cutting the coal bodies into a plurality of rock core samples with the same size, and cleaning the surfaces of the rock core samples; then, forming a through hole in the center of each sample for the subsequent injection process of hot flue gas; selecting any one sample, attaching and wrapping a wearable flexible sensor system on the surface of the sample, putting the sample into a triaxial core holder system, and completing the assembly work of each system;
B. initial permeability was measured: setting a shaft pressure value, a confining pressure value and a temperature value according to the deep ground stress and the temperature environment to be simulated; starting a hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump of the triaxial core holder system, applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the sample and heating the sample by pumping hydraulic oil, stopping heating and pressurizing until the set axial pressure value, confining pressure value and temperature value are reached, and keeping the current pressure and temperature; then starting a CT in-situ scanning system to finish one CT scanning on the sample in the current state; after the completion, the vacuum pump is started, the valves of all pipelines are opened, and the injection system and CH are allocated to the hot flue gas 4 The internal pipelines of the He injection system, the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system are vacuumized, after the vacuumizing is completed, the outlet valve of the triaxial core holder main body is closed, the opening state of the inlet valve is kept, meanwhile, he gas is injected into the triaxial core holder main body through the He gas cylinder through the pipeline, the injection quantity is recorded through a high-precision gas flowmeter, and the free space volume in the triaxial core holder main body is calibrated by combining an ideal gas state equation; after the calibration is finished, opening an outlet valve, calculating the initial permeability of the sample after the indication of the volume flowmeter is stable, and discharging He gas to a tail gas collecting device after the completion;
C、CH 4 adsorption pre-equilibrium: simulating CH of deep coal seam under initial condition 4 Occurrence conditions; setting CH 4 The gas pressure value is continuously kept to keep the inlet valve open and the outlet valve is closed, and CH is introduced into the triaxial core holder main body 4 Gas, high precision gas flowmeter record CH 4 Closing the inlet valve when the injection quantity reaches a set pressure value, waiting for 24-48 h to enable the sample to correspond to CH 4 The method comprises the steps of collecting the air pressure, the temperature, ultrasonic signals, acoustic emission signals and the change condition of optical fiber signals in a triaxial core holder main body once every a period of time through a damage monitoring system and a multi-field monitoring system during adsorption, and adopting a CT in-situ scanning system to scan CH 4 The internal structure of the sample is scanned in real time in the adsorption process, so that the multiparameter dynamic state of the sample in the methane adsorption process is realizedVisual monitoring; after the adsorption is completed, the change conditions of air pressure, temperature, strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals in the triaxial core holder main body in the adsorption equilibrium state are recorded, and CT scanning is carried out on the internal structure of the sample at the moment to obtain CH 4 The internal structure of the sample in the adsorption equilibrium state is adsorbed, so that the original pore structure and the internal damage condition of the sample before hot flue gas injection are determined;
D. hot flue gas fracturing process: firstly, setting the proportion, temperature value and injection pressure of various gases in hot flue gas, and firstly, using a CO (carbon monoxide) injection system 2 Gas, N 2 The method comprises the steps of injecting gases, other components of hot smoke and water into a hot smoke generating system according to a set proportion, uniformly stirring and mixing various gases through a gas stirring device, heating the hot smoke generating system to a set temperature value to generate required hot smoke, enabling an outlet valve to be in a closed state, enabling an inlet valve to be in an open state, starting an air compressor to pressurize the hot smoke, injecting the hot smoke into a triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline to fracture a sample until the injection pressure is reached, acquiring the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, an ultrasonic signal, an acoustic emission signal and an optical fiber signal of the sample surface and surrounding gas in the hot smoke fracturing process in real time through a data acquisition system during injection fracturing, and carrying out CT in-situ scanning on the sample in real time to realize multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring of the core sample in the fracturing process, thereby acquiring a hot smoke displacement core CH 4 In the process, the flow field in the core moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole fissures and the damage rule are realized; when the air pressure at the inlet of the triaxial core holder body is suddenly relieved or the air flow at the outlet is suddenly increased, stopping hot flue gas fracturing; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the sample at the moment to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule inside the sample after the fracturing is finished; opening an outlet valve, and recording the air pressure of the inlet and outlet of the main body of the triaxial core holder after the indication of the volume flowmeter is stable, thereby calculating and obtaining a samplePermeability after fracturing;
E. hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 The process comprises the following steps: continuously maintaining the inlet valve and the outlet valve in an open state, setting injection pressure of hot smoke during displacement, and then injecting the hot smoke into the triaxial core holder main body at a set pressure value through the hot smoke injection allocation system to adsorb CH (CH) on the sample 4 The displacement is carried out, the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample are monitored and recorded in real time through a data acquisition system during the displacement, and CT in-situ scanning is carried out on the sample in real time, so that the hot flue gas displacement sample CH is realized 4 Multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring in the process so as to obtain a hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 In the process, the flow field in the sample moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole cracks and the damage rule are realized; recording the flow at the inlet and the outlet, and monitoring and recording the tail gas components, the concentration and the flow in real time by a gas analyzer during the process, thereby acquiring the hot smoke displacement CH in the triaxial core holder main body in real time 4 In-process hot flue gas injection amount and CH 4 Gas extraction amount, hot flue gas and CH 4 Interaction condition of gas, to be CH in tail gas 4 Concentration reaches critical CH 4 Concentration, stopping the displacement process; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the internal space structure of the sample at the moment so as to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the sample after the displacement is finished;
F. and (3) a hot flue gas sealing process: after the displacement test is completed, closing an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and sealing hot flue gas in a triaxial core holder main body, wherein the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals of the surface and surrounding gas of a sample are monitored in real time in the period, and the sample is scanned in real time by using CT (computed tomography), so that the dynamic visual monitoring of sample parameters in the hot flue gas sealing process is realized, and the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the sealing process are obtained; and after the sealing test is finished, opening an inlet valve and an outlet valve, recording air pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the triaxial core holder main body after the flow data are stable, and calculating the permeability of the thermal flue gas after sealing, so as to complete the whole test process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the hot flue gas injection allocation system and CH 4 And He injection system, triaxial core holder system, damage monitoring system, CT in situ scanning system, multi-field monitoring system and tail gas analysis processing system have following advantage:
(1) According to the invention, the accurate configuration and injection of the flue gas with different temperatures and different gas mixing specific heats are realized through the hot flue gas injection allocation system, and the hot flue gas fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH under the in-situ condition can be realized by combining the in-situ reservoir stress temperature simulation function of the triaxial core holder system 4 Simulation test research of the whole process of displacement and extraction; by using ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission technology, the damage signal generated in the sample can be monitored in real time, and the in-situ CT scanning technology is combined, so that the coal seam fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH under the in-situ condition is realized 4 Displacement and extraction' dynamic visual monitoring of internal pore crack structure and development condition of whole-process sample;
(2) According to the invention, the optical fiber monitoring system is arranged on the inner wall of the triaxial core holder main body, so that nondestructive detection of a temperature field, a stress field and a deformation field of each region of a sample under triaxial stress loading conditions is realized, and the optical fiber sensor network is arranged in the holder and is not in direct contact with the sample, so that direct loading is not required in the test process, the precision and the safety of the sensor and the tightness of the holding system are ensured, and further, the temperature field, the stress field and the deformation field distribution cloud diagram of gas around the coal body can be inverted in real time according to the optical fiber sensor network; thereby realizing dynamic distributed monitoring of fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 Extracting evolution characteristics of a temperature field, a stress field, a flow field and a strain field of gas around a sample in the whole process;
(3) The flexible layer of the wearable flexible sensor system is made of known high polymer materials, has good plasticity and adaptability, and can be customized in shape and size so as to completely cover and fit the core meterThe deformation and loading strength of the sample in the clamping system are highly adaptive and not easy to damage, and the sample has the characteristic of high sensitivity, and the tiny stress and strain change of each area of the sample can be monitored through the distributed integrated sensor units; thus inverting the temperature, stress, strain and multicomponent gas distribution cloud image of the sample surface in real time; thereby realizing dynamic distributed monitoring of fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 Extracting evolution characteristics of a temperature field, a stress field, a flow field and a strain field on the surface of the sample in the whole process.
(4) The invention monitors through the optical fiber monitoring system, the wearable flexible sensor system, the damage monitoring system and the CT in-situ scanning system simultaneously, changes the coal quality of a sample, changes the composition ratio of hot flue gas, changes the shaft pressure value, the confining pressure value and the temperature value, and changes the CH during adsorption 4 The gas pressure value changes the injection pressure during hot flue gas fracturing and displacement, and after various changes are tested, data under various conditions can be obtained, which is the follow-up actual hot flue gas sealing and CH 4 Extraction provides data support.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a CT in-situ scanning system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circumferential cross-sectional view of the wearable flexible sensor system and the integrated radial fiber optic sensor network of the present invention after deployment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated radial fiber sensor network of the fiber monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an integrated radial fiber monitoring unit of the fiber monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an integrated sensor unit layout of a wearable flexible sensor system of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an integrated sensor unit of a wearable flexible sensor system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-CO 2 A gas cylinder; 2-N 2 A gas cylinder; 3-a gas cylinder for other components of the hot flue gas; 4-a pressure reducing valve; 5-high precisionA gas flow meter; 6-a water tank; 7-water injection constant speed constant pressure pump; 8-a motor; 9-rotating shaft; 10-stirring blades; 11-a constant temperature tank; 12-a gas temperature sensor; 13-an air compressor; 14-a gas pressure sensor; 15-CH 4 A gas cylinder; a 16-He cylinder; 17-conductive rods; 18-acoustic emission probe; a 19-acoustic signal amplifier; 20-acoustic emission acquisition instrument; 21-an ultrasonic emission probe; 22-an ultrasonic receiving probe; 23-an ultrasonic collector; a 24-X-ray source; 25-a detector; 26-rotating a console; 27-an integrated radial optical fiber monitoring unit; 27-1-optical fiber temperature sensor; 27-2-fiber optic pressure sensor; 27-3-radial optical fiber displacement sensor; 28-an axial fiber displacement sensor; 29-fiber optic sensor connector; 30-a wearable flexible sensor system; 31-sample; a 32-integrated sensor unit; a 32-1-temperature sensor; 32-2-stress sensor; 32-3-gas sensor; a 32-4-strain sensor; 33-gas analyzer; 34-a tail gas collection device; 35-an inlet valve; 36-outlet valve; 37-1-low range volumetric flowmeter; 37-2 mid-range volumetric flowmeter; 37-37-3 high range volumetric flowmeter; 38-vacuum pump.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, a visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sequestration and methane extraction includes: hot flue gas injection allocation system, CH 4 The system comprises a He injection system, a triaxial core holder system, a damage monitoring system, a CT in-situ scanning system, a multi-field monitoring system and a tail gas analysis and treatment system; the multi-field monitoring system is a distributed temperature field-stress field-deformation field monitoring system;
The hot flue gas injection allocation system comprises a multi-component gas injection system, a water injection system and a hot flue gas generation system; the multi-component gas injection system includes CO 2 Gas cylinders 1, N 2 A gas cylinder 2 and a hot flue gas other component gas cylinder 3, the hot flue gas other component gas 3 comprising sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and oxygen. The three gas cylinders are connected with the hot smoke generating system and are used for conveying each component gas of the hot smoke to the hot smoke generating system; the water injection system comprises a water tank 6 and a water injection constant-speed constant-pressure pump 7, wherein the water tank 6 is filled with water at a constant speedThe constant pressure pump 7 is connected with the hot smoke generating system and is used for conveying water to the hot smoke generating system; the hot flue gas generation system comprises a gas stirring device, a constant temperature tank 11 and an air compressor 13, wherein the gas stirring device is arranged in the constant temperature tank 11 and consists of a motor 8, a rotating shaft 9 and stirring blades 10, and is used for stirring and mixing gas in the tank, the air compressor 13 is connected with the constant temperature tank 11 through a pipeline and is used for pressurizing the gas in the constant temperature tank 11, the constant temperature tank 11 is connected with a triaxial core holder system through a pipeline and is used for stirring, heating, preserving heat and pressurizing the gas injected into the tank and then conveying the gas to the triaxial core holder system; a vacuum pump 38 is arranged on a pipeline between the hot flue gas injection allocation system and the triaxial core holder system; the constant temperature tank 11 is provided with a gas temperature sensor 12 and a gas pressure sensor 14, and the triaxial core holder main body is internally provided with a liquid temperature sensor.
The CH is 4 He implantation system includes CH 4 Gas cylinder 15 and He gas cylinder 16, CH 4 The gas cylinder 15 and the He gas cylinder 16 are connected with the triaxial core holder system through pipelines and are respectively used for conveying CH to the triaxial core holder system 4 A gas and a He gas;
the triaxial core holder system comprises a triaxial core holder main body and a hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump, wherein a sample placing space is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body, the hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump is connected with the triaxial core holder main body and is used for pumping hydraulic oil to the triaxial core holder main body to apply confining pressure to a sample in the triaxial core holder main body, controlling an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head to apply axial pressure, and controlling the temperature of the sample through the hydraulic oil;
the damage monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring unit and an ultrasonic monitoring unit, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring damage signals generated in the sample in real time; the ultrasonic monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the ultrasonic speed, attenuation and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves transmitted in the sample in real time; the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a conductive rod 17 and an acoustic emission collector 20, one end of the conductive rod 17 extends into the triaxial core holder main body to be in contact with the surface of the sample 31, the other end of the conductive rod is provided with an acoustic emission probe 18, and the acoustic emission probe 18 is connected with the acoustic emission collector 20 through an acoustic signal amplifier 19; the ultrasonic monitoring unit comprises an ultrasonic transmitting probe 21, an ultrasonic receiving probe 22 and an ultrasonic collector 23, wherein the ultrasonic transmitting probe 21 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 22 are respectively fixed on an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head, and the ultrasonic collector 23 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic transmitting probe 21 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 22, so that ultrasonic waves excited by the ultrasonic transmitting probe 21 are received by the ultrasonic receiving probe 22 after passing through a sample and are transmitted to the ultrasonic collector 23.
As shown in fig. 2, the CT in situ scanning system includes an X-ray source 24, a detector 25, and a rotation console 26, and the triaxial core holder body is mounted on the rotation console 26 and is rotatable with the console; the X-ray source 24 and the detector 25 are respectively arranged at two sides of the triaxial core holder main body, so that X-rays emitted by the X-ray source 24 pass through a sample and are received by the detector 25, and the X-rays are used for scanning and clamping the internal space structure of the sample in real time;
the multi-field monitoring system comprises an optical fiber monitoring system and a wearable flexible sensor system, wherein the optical fiber monitoring system is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the temperature condition of real-time hydraulic fluid around a sample, the real-time radial deformation condition of the sample and the pressure condition of the hydraulic fluid around the sample; the wearable flexible sensor system is arranged on the surface of the sample 31 and is used for monitoring the real-time temperature condition of the sample surface, the real-time stress condition of the sample surface, the gas pressure and gas concentration condition of the sample surface, the axial strain quantity and the circumferential strain quantity of the sample surface;
as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the optical fiber monitoring system includes an axial optical fiber displacement sensor 28, 40 integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units 27 and an optical fiber data acquisition system, where the axial optical fiber displacement sensor 28 is mounted on a lower pressure head and connected with the optical fiber data acquisition system through a data line, and is used for monitoring the axial deformation of the sample 31; the 40 integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units 27 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the triaxial core holder main body to form an integrated radial optical fiber sensor network, and are connected with an optical fiber data acquisition system through an optical fiber sensor connector 29 Connecting; each integrated radial optical fiber monitoring unit 27 comprises an optical fiber temperature sensor 27-1, an optical fiber pressure sensor 27-2 and a radial optical fiber displacement sensor 27-3, wherein the optical fiber temperature sensor 27-1 is used for monitoring the temperature change of the surrounding hydraulic fluid at the sample in real time, and the radial optical fiber displacement sensor 27-3 is used for acquiring the radial displacement of the inner wall of the holder of different areas of the sample relative to the sample 31, so as to dynamically monitor the fracture-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 Drawing a cloud chart of radial strain distribution on the surface of the coal body in real time by clamping the radial deformation of the sample in the whole extraction process; the optical fiber pressure sensor 27-2 is used for acquiring the pressure change of the hydraulic fluid around each area of the sample, further acquiring the change of the stress field around the sample under the triaxial stress loading condition, and drawing a coal surface stress field distribution cloud chart in real time; the change of the volume of the liquid in the clamp holder can be obtained through the change of the liquid pressure in the high-precision optical fiber pressure sensor in the clamp holder, so as to dynamically monitor the fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 The volume deformation of the sample in the whole process meets the following formula:
ΔV＝C f ×V 0 ×ΔP
wherein C is f Pa is the compression coefficient of the hydraulic oil -1 ；V o The volume of hydraulic oil under the initial confining pressure loading before hot flue gas injection is ml; delta P is the variable quantity of the high-precision optical fiber pressure sensor in the holder before and after hot flue gas injection, and Pa;
As shown in fig. 3, 6 and 7, the wearable flexible sensor system comprises a flexible layer and 40 integrated sensor units 32, wherein the 40 integrated sensor units 32 are uniformly distributed on the flexible layer, the flexible layer is wrapped outside a sample, so that 5 rows of integrated sensor units 32 are equidistantly arranged on the surface of the sample along the axial direction, and 8 integrated sensor units are equidistantly arranged in each row; the integrated sensor unit 32 comprises a temperature sensor 32-1, a stress sensor 32-2, a gas sensor 32-3 and a strain sensor 32-4, wherein the temperature sensor 32-1 can adopt a thermistor or an infrared sensor for monitoring temperature changes of different areas on the surface of a sample in real time, and further inverting the surface temperature field of the coal body in real time according to 40 integrated sensor units 32A distributed cloud image; the stress sensor 32-2 can adopt a piezoelectric sensor or an optical sensor for monitoring stress changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, so that a coal surface stress field distribution cloud chart is inverted in real time according to the 40 integrated sensor units 32; the gas sensor 32-3 includes a gas pressure sensor and a gas concentration sensor for monitoring different areas CH of the sample in real time 4 /CO 2 /CH 4 Gas pressure variation and CH 4 /CO 2 /CH 4 The gas concentration changes, and then the gas pressure field distribution cloud images and the gas concentration field distribution cloud images of the coal surface are inverted in real time according to the 40 integrated sensor units 32; the strain sensor 32-4 is composed of a radial strain sensor and an axial strain sensor and is used for monitoring axial strain and circumferential strain changes of different areas on the surface of a sample in real time, so that a coal body surface radial strain field and an axial strain field distribution cloud chart are inverted in real time according to the 40 integrated sensor units 32; thereby realizing dynamic distributed monitoring of fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 Extracting evolution characteristics of a temperature field, a stress field, a flow field and a strain field of the surface of the clamping sample in the whole process;
the exhaust gas analysis processing system includes a gas analyzer 33 and an exhaust gas collecting device 34, wherein the gas analyzer 33 is any one of an infrared absorption gas analyzer, a laser absorption gas analyzer and a mass spectrometry gas analyzer. One end of the gas analyzer 33 is connected with the triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline, the other end of the gas analyzer is connected with the tail gas collecting device 34, and the gas analyzer is used for analyzing the tail gas components discharged after passing through the inside of the triaxial core holder main body in real time, and discharging the tail gas components to the tail gas collecting device 34 after completion;
And high-precision gas flow meters 5 are arranged on the pipeline between the hot flue gas injection allocation system and the triaxial core holder system and the pipeline between the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system. The high-precision gas flowmeter 5 is a mass flowmeter, because the volume flowmeter is unstable in indication due to the influence of gas pressure and temperature, the mass flowmeter directly measures the gas mass flow, and the indication of the mass flowmeter is not influenced by the gas pressure and temperature, so that 'coal' can be accurately obtainedLayer fracturing-hot flue gas sealing-CH 4 Hot smoke injection amount, hot smoke sealing amount and CH in whole extraction process 4 Extraction amount and quantitative multi-element gas injection allocation are carried out. And a plurality of pressure reducing valves are arranged in the pipeline according to the requirement and used for reducing the pressure of the gas discharged from the gas cylinder, so that the gas is conveniently conveyed in the pipeline.
As an improvement of the invention, a high-precision gas flowmeter 5 and a barometer are arranged between the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body and are respectively used for monitoring the flow rate and the pressure of the tail gas discharged from the triaxial core holder main body; the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body are provided with a low-range volume flowmeter 37-1 (0-50 ml/min), a medium-range volume flowmeter 37-2 (50-500 ml/min) and a high-range volume flowmeter 37-3 (500-2000 ml/min), and the three volume flowmeters are arranged in parallel to match the permeability measurement of clamping samples with different hole crack structures and damage development degrees.
The hot flue gas injection allocation system CH 4 And all the component equipment or parts in the He injection system, the triaxial core holder system, the damage monitoring system, the CT in-situ scanning system, the multi-field monitoring system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system are existing equipment or parts and can be purchased through markets.
The method for methane extraction and closed-loop carbon fixation of the hot flue gas displacement non-shearable layer comprises the following specific steps:
A. preparing a core sample and a layout test system: collecting coal bodies in a coal mine, cutting the coal bodies into a plurality of core samples 31 with the same size, and cleaning the surfaces of the core samples; then, a through hole is formed in the center of each sample 31 for the subsequent injection process of hot flue gas; selecting any one sample 31, attaching and wrapping a wearable flexible sensor system on the surface of the sample, putting the sample into a triaxial core holder system, and completing the assembly work of each system;
B. initial permeability was measured: setting a shaft pressure value, a confining pressure value and a temperature value according to the deep ground stress and the temperature environment to be simulated; the hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump for starting the triaxial core holder system enables three to be achieved through pumping hydraulic oilThe axial core holder system applies axial pressure and confining pressure to the sample and heats the sample until the set axial pressure value, confining pressure value and temperature value are reached, heating and pressurizing are stopped, and the current pressure and temperature are maintained; then starting a CT in-situ scanning system to finish one CT scanning on the sample in the current state; after completion, the vacuum pump 38 is started, the valves of all pipelines are opened, and the injection system and CH are allocated to the hot flue gas 4 The internal pipelines of the He injection system, the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system are vacuumized for 24 hours, after the vacuumizing is completed, the outlet valve 36 of the triaxial core holder main body is closed, the opening state of the inlet valve 35 is kept, meanwhile, he gas is injected into the triaxial core holder main body through the He gas cylinder 16 through the pipelines, the injection amount is recorded through the high-precision gas flowmeter 5, and the free space volume in the triaxial core holder main body is calibrated by combining an ideal gas state equation; after the calibration is finished, opening an outlet valve 36, calculating the initial permeability of the sample after the indication of the volume flow meter is stable, and discharging He gas to a tail gas collecting device 34 after the completion;
C、CH 4 adsorption pre-equilibrium: simulating CH of deep coal seam under initial condition 4 Occurrence conditions; setting CH 4 The gas pressure value keeps the inlet valve 35 open and the outlet valve 36 is closed, and CH is introduced into the triaxial core holder main body 4 Gas, high precision gas flowmeter 5 records CH 4 The inlet valve 35 is closed when the injection amount reaches the set pressure value, and the sample is made to correspond to CH by waiting 24-48 hours 4 The method comprises the steps of collecting the air pressure, the temperature, ultrasonic signals, acoustic emission signals and the change condition of optical fiber signals in a triaxial core holder main body every 10s through a damage monitoring system and a multi-field monitoring system during adsorption, and adopting a CT in-situ scanning system to scan CH 4 The internal structure of the sample is scanned in real time in the adsorption process, so that the multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring of the sample in the methane adsorption process is realized; after the adsorption is completed, the change conditions of air pressure, temperature, strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals in the triaxial core holder main body in the adsorption equilibrium state are recorded, and CT scanning is carried out on the internal structure of the sample at the moment to obtain CH 4 Inside of sample in adsorption equilibrium stateThe structure is used for further determining the original pore structure and the internal damage condition of the sample before hot flue gas injection;
D. hot flue gas fracturing process: firstly, setting the proportion, temperature value and injection pressure of various gases in hot flue gas, and firstly, using a CO (carbon monoxide) injection system 2 Gas, N 2 The gas, other component gases of the hot smoke and water are injected into the hot smoke generating system according to a set proportion, the stirring and mixing of various gases are uniform through a gas stirring device, the hot smoke generating system is heated to a set temperature value, so that the required hot smoke is generated, then the outlet valve 36 is in a closed state, the inlet valve 35 is in an open state, the air compressor 13 is started to pressurize the hot smoke, the hot smoke is injected into the triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline to fracture a sample until the injection pressure is reached, the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and surrounding gas of the sample in the hot smoke fracturing process are acquired in real time through a data acquisition system during the injection fracturing, and CT in-situ scanning is carried out on the sample in real time, so that the multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring of the core sample in the fracturing process is realized, and the hot smoke displacement core CH is acquired 4 In the process, the flow field in the core moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole fissures and the damage rule are realized; when the air pressure at the inlet of the triaxial core holder body is suddenly relieved or the air flow at the outlet is suddenly increased, stopping hot flue gas fracturing; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the sample at the moment to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule inside the sample after the fracturing is finished; opening an outlet valve 36, and recording the air pressure of the inlet and outlet of the main body of the triaxial core holder after the indication of the volume flowmeter is stable, so as to calculate and obtain the permeability of the sample after fracturing;
E. hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 The process comprises the following steps: continuously maintaining the inlet valve 35 and the outlet valve 36 in the open state, setting the injection pressure of hot smoke during displacement, and then introducing the hot smoke into the triaxial core holder main body through the hot smoke injection allocation system to perform the following stepsCH for carrying out hot flue gas injection on sample adsorption by set pressure value 4 The displacement is carried out, the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample are monitored and recorded in real time through a data acquisition system during the displacement, and CT in-situ scanning is carried out on the sample in real time, so that the hot flue gas displacement sample CH is realized 4 Multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring in the process so as to obtain a hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 In the process, the flow field in the sample moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole cracks and the damage rule are realized; recording the flow at the inlet and the outlet, and monitoring and recording the tail gas components, the concentration and the flow in real time by a gas analyzer during the process, thereby acquiring the hot smoke displacement CH in the triaxial core holder main body in real time 4 In-process hot flue gas injection amount and CH 4 Gas extraction amount, hot flue gas and CH 4 Interaction condition of gas, to be CH in tail gas 4 Concentration reaches critical CH 4 Concentration (i.e., within 10% -20%) stopping the displacement process; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the internal space structure of the sample at the moment so as to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the sample after the displacement is finished;
F. and (3) a hot flue gas sealing process: after the displacement test is completed, the inlet valve 35 and the outlet valve 36 are closed, hot flue gas is stored in the triaxial core holder main body, the pressure, the temperature, the strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals of the surface and surrounding gas of the sample are monitored in real time in the period, and the sample is scanned in real time by using CT, so that the dynamic visual monitoring of sample parameters in the hot flue gas storage process is realized, and the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the storage process are obtained; after the sealing test is finished, opening an inlet valve 35 and an outlet valve 36, recording air pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the triaxial core holder main body after flow data are stable, calculating permeability of the thermal flue gas after sealing, and finishing the whole test process.
Subsequent trials can be performed by changingThe coal quality of the sample is changed, the composition ratio of hot flue gas is changed, the axle pressure value, the confining pressure value and the temperature value are changed, and CH during adsorption is changed 4 The gas pressure value changes the injection pressure during hot flue gas fracturing and displacement, and after various changes are tested, data under various conditions can be obtained, which is the follow-up actual hot flue gas sealing and CH 4 Extraction provides data support.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A visual test system for simulating thermal flue gas sealing and methane extraction of a coal-fired power plant is characterized by comprising: hot flue gas injection allocation system, CH 4 The system comprises a He injection system, a triaxial core holder system, a damage monitoring system, a CT in-situ scanning system, a multi-field monitoring system and a tail gas analysis and treatment system;
the hot flue gas injection allocation system comprises a multi-component gas injection system, a water injection system and a hot flue gas generation system; the multi-component gas injection system includes CO 2 Gas cylinder, N 2 The gas cylinders and other component gas cylinders of the hot flue gas are connected with the hot flue gas generation system and are used for conveying each component gas of the hot flue gas to the hot flue gas generation system; the water injection system comprises a water tank and a water injection constant-speed constant-pressure pump, and the water tank is connected with the hot flue gas generation system through the water injection constant-speed constant-pressure pump and is used for conveying water to the hot flue gas generation system; the hot flue gas generation system comprises a gas stirring device, a constant temperature tank and an air compressor, wherein the gas stirring device is arranged in the constant temperature tank and used for stirring and mixing gas in the tank, the air compressor is connected with the constant temperature tank through a pipeline and used for pressurizing the gas in the constant temperature tank, the constant temperature tank is connected with a triaxial core holder system through a pipeline and used for stirring, heating, preserving heat and pressurizing the gas injected into the tank, and then the gas is conveyed to the triaxial core holder system; the hot flue gas injection allocation system is connected with the triaxial core holder systemA vacuum pump is arranged on the pipeline;
the CH is 4 He implantation system includes CH 4 Gas cylinders and He gas cylinders, CH 4 The gas cylinder and the He gas cylinder are connected with the triaxial core holder system through pipelines and are respectively used for conveying CH to the triaxial core holder system 4 A gas and a He gas;
the triaxial core holder system comprises a triaxial core holder main body and a hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump, wherein a sample placing space is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body, the hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump is connected with the triaxial core holder main body and is used for pumping hydraulic oil to the triaxial core holder main body to apply confining pressure to a sample in the triaxial core holder main body, controlling an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head to apply axial pressure, and controlling the temperature of the sample through the hydraulic oil;
the damage monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission monitoring unit and an ultrasonic monitoring unit, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring damage signals generated in the sample in real time; the ultrasonic monitoring unit is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the ultrasonic speed, attenuation and reflection characteristics of ultrasonic waves transmitted in the sample in real time;
the CT in-situ scanning system comprises an X-ray source, a detector and a rotary control console, wherein the triaxial core holder main body is arranged on the rotary control console and can rotate along with the control console; the X-ray source and the detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the triaxial core holder main body, so that X-rays emitted by the X-ray source pass through a sample and are received by the detector, and the X-ray source and the detector are used for scanning and clamping the internal space structure of the sample in real time;
The multi-field monitoring system comprises an optical fiber monitoring system and a wearable flexible sensor system, wherein the optical fiber monitoring system is arranged in the triaxial core holder main body and is used for monitoring the temperature condition of real-time hydraulic fluid around a sample, the real-time radial deformation condition of the sample and the pressure condition of the hydraulic fluid around the sample; the wearable flexible sensor system is arranged on the surface of the sample and is used for monitoring the real-time temperature condition of the surface of the sample, the real-time stress condition of the surface of the sample, the gas pressure and gas concentration condition of the surface of the sample, the axial strain quantity and the circumferential strain quantity of the surface of the sample;
the tail gas analysis processing system comprises a gas analyzer and a tail gas collecting device, wherein one end of the gas analyzer is connected with the triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline, the other end of the gas analyzer is connected with the tail gas collecting device and is used for analyzing the tail gas components discharged after passing through the triaxial core holder main body in real time, and the tail gas components are discharged to the tail gas collecting device after being completed.
2. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein high-precision gas flow meters are arranged on a pipeline between the hot flue gas injection allocation system and the triaxial core holder system and a pipeline between the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system.
3. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sequestration and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein the thermostatic tank is provided with a gas temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor, and the triaxial core holder body is internally provided with a liquid temperature sensor.
4. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises a conduction rod and an acoustic emission collector, one end of the conduction rod extends into the triaxial core holder main body to be in contact with the surface of the sample, and the other end of the conduction rod is provided with an acoustic emission probe which is connected with the acoustic emission collector through an acoustic signal amplifier; the ultrasonic monitoring unit comprises an ultrasonic emission probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe and an ultrasonic acquisition instrument, wherein the ultrasonic emission probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are respectively fixed on the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head, and the ultrasonic acquisition instrument is respectively connected with the ultrasonic emission probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe, so that ultrasonic waves excited by the ultrasonic emission probe are received by the ultrasonic receiving probe after passing through a sample and are transmitted to the ultrasonic acquisition instrument.
5. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sealing and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber monitoring system comprises an axial optical fiber displacement sensor, a plurality of integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units and an optical fiber data acquisition system, wherein the axial optical fiber displacement sensor is arranged on a lower pressure head and is connected with the optical fiber data acquisition system through a data line for monitoring the axial deformation of a sample; the plurality of integrated radial optical fiber monitoring units are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the triaxial core holder main body and are connected with the optical fiber data acquisition system through optical fiber sensor connectors; each integrated radial optical fiber monitoring unit comprises an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber pressure sensor and a radial optical fiber displacement sensor, wherein the optical fiber temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature change of the hydraulic fluid around the sample in real time, the radial optical fiber displacement sensor is used for acquiring the radial displacement of the inner wall of the clamp holder of different areas of the sample relative to the sample, and the optical fiber pressure sensor is used for acquiring the pressure change of the hydraulic fluid around each area of the sample.
6. The visual test system for simulating thermal flue gas sealing and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein the wearable flexible sensor system comprises a flexible layer and a plurality of integrated sensor units, the integrated sensor units are uniformly distributed on the flexible layer, the flexible layer is wrapped outside a sample, the integrated sensor units comprise a temperature sensor, a stress sensor, a gas sensor and a strain sensor, the temperature sensor is used for monitoring temperature changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, the stress sensor is used for monitoring stress changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, the gas sensor is used for monitoring gas pressure changes and gas concentration changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time, and the strain sensor is composed of a radial strain sensor and an axial strain sensor and is used for monitoring axial strain changes and circumferential strain changes of different areas on the surface of the sample in real time.
7. The visual test system for simulating thermal flue gas sequestration and methane extraction according to claim 1, wherein the gas analyzer is any one of an infrared absorption gas analyzer, a laser absorption gas analyzer and a mass spectrometry gas analyzer.
8. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sequestration and methane extraction of claim 1, wherein the hot flue gas other component gases include sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and oxygen.
9. The visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sequestration and methane extraction according to claim 2, wherein a high-precision gas flowmeter and a barometer are installed between the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body and are respectively used for monitoring the flow rate and the pressure of the tail gas discharged from the triaxial core holder main body; the low-range volumetric flowmeter, the medium-range volumetric flowmeter and the high-range volumetric flowmeter are arranged between the gas analyzer and the triaxial core holder main body, and the three volumetric flowmeters are arranged in parallel.
10. A method for operating a visual test system for simulating hot flue gas sequestration and methane extraction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the specific steps of:
A. preparing a core sample and a layout test system: collecting coal bodies in a coal mine, cutting the coal bodies into a plurality of rock core samples with the same size, and cleaning the surfaces of the rock core samples; then, forming a through hole in the center of each sample for the subsequent injection process of hot flue gas; selecting any one sample, attaching and wrapping a wearable flexible sensor system on the surface of the sample, putting the sample into a triaxial core holder system, and completing the assembly work of each system;
B. Initial permeability was measured: setting a shaft pressure value, a confining pressure value and a temperature value according to the deep ground stress and the temperature environment to be simulated; starting a hydraulic constant-speed constant-pressure pump of the triaxial core holder system, applying axial pressure and confining pressure to the sample and heating the sample by pumping hydraulic oil, stopping heating and pressurizing until the set axial pressure value, confining pressure value and temperature value are reached, and keeping the current pressure and temperature; then starting the CT in-situ scanning system to finish the test sample in the current stateForming a CT scan; after the completion, the vacuum pump is started, the valves of all pipelines are opened, and the injection system and CH are allocated to the hot flue gas 4 The internal pipelines of the He injection system, the triaxial core holder system and the tail gas analysis and treatment system are vacuumized, after the vacuumizing is completed, the outlet valve of the triaxial core holder main body is closed, the opening state of the inlet valve is kept, meanwhile, he gas is injected into the triaxial core holder main body through the He gas cylinder through the pipeline, the injection quantity is recorded through a high-precision gas flowmeter, and the free space volume in the triaxial core holder main body is calibrated by combining an ideal gas state equation; after the calibration is finished, opening an outlet valve, calculating the initial permeability of the sample after the indication of the volume flowmeter is stable, and discharging He gas to a tail gas collecting device after the completion;
C、CH 4 Adsorption pre-equilibrium: simulating CH of deep coal seam under initial condition 4 Occurrence conditions; setting CH 4 The gas pressure value is continuously kept to keep the inlet valve open and the outlet valve is closed, and CH is introduced into the triaxial core holder main body 4 Gas, high precision gas flowmeter record CH 4 Closing the inlet valve when the injection quantity reaches a set pressure value, waiting for 24-48 h to enable the sample to correspond to CH 4 The method comprises the steps of collecting the air pressure, the temperature, ultrasonic signals, acoustic emission signals and the change condition of optical fiber signals in a triaxial core holder main body once every a period of time through a damage monitoring system and a multi-field monitoring system during adsorption, and adopting a CT in-situ scanning system to scan CH 4 The internal structure of the sample is scanned in real time in the adsorption process, so that the multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring of the sample in the methane adsorption process is realized; after the adsorption is completed, the change conditions of air pressure, temperature, strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals in the triaxial core holder main body in the adsorption equilibrium state are recorded, and CT scanning is carried out on the internal structure of the sample at the moment to obtain CH 4 The internal structure of the sample in the adsorption equilibrium state is adsorbed, so that the original pore structure and the internal damage condition of the sample before hot flue gas injection are determined;
D. Hot flue gas fracturing process: firstly, setting the proportion, temperature value and injection pressure of various gases in hot flue gas, and firstly, using a CO (carbon monoxide) injection system 2 Gas, N 2 The method comprises the steps of injecting gases, other components of hot smoke and water into a hot smoke generating system according to a set proportion, uniformly stirring and mixing various gases through a gas stirring device, heating the hot smoke generating system to a set temperature value to generate required hot smoke, enabling an outlet valve to be in a closed state, enabling an inlet valve to be in an open state, starting an air compressor to pressurize the hot smoke, injecting the hot smoke into a triaxial core holder main body through a pipeline to fracture a sample until the injection pressure is reached, acquiring the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, an ultrasonic signal, an acoustic emission signal and an optical fiber signal of the sample surface and surrounding gas in the hot smoke fracturing process in real time through a data acquisition system during injection fracturing, and carrying out CT in-situ scanning on the sample in real time to realize multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring of the core sample in the fracturing process, thereby acquiring a hot smoke displacement core CH 4 In the process, the flow field in the core moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole fissures and the damage rule are realized; when the air pressure at the inlet of the triaxial core holder body is suddenly relieved or the air flow at the outlet is suddenly increased, stopping hot flue gas fracturing; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the sample at the moment to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule inside the sample after the fracturing is finished; opening an outlet valve, and recording the air pressure of an inlet and an outlet of a main body of the triaxial core holder after the indication of the volume flowmeter is stable, so as to calculate and obtain the permeability of the sample after fracturing;
E. Hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 The process comprises the following steps: continuously maintaining the inlet valve and the outlet valve in an open state, setting injection pressure of hot smoke during displacement, and then injecting the hot smoke into the triaxial core holder main body at a set pressure value through the hot smoke injection allocation system to adsorb CH (CH) on the sample 4 Performing displacement, during which the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface of the sample and the surrounding air are monitored and recorded in real time by a data acquisition system, and the temperature, the air pressure, the flow, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals are acquired in real timeCT in-situ scanning is carried out on the sample to realize the displacement of the sample CH by hot flue gas 4 Multi-parameter dynamic visual monitoring in the process so as to obtain a hot flue gas displacement sample CH 4 In the process, the flow field in the sample moves, the temperature field evolves, the structural characteristics of the hole cracks and the damage rule are realized; recording the flow at the inlet and the outlet, and monitoring and recording the tail gas components, the concentration and the flow in real time by a gas analyzer during the process, thereby acquiring the hot smoke displacement CH in the triaxial core holder main body in real time 4 In-process hot flue gas injection amount and CH 4 Gas extraction amount, hot flue gas and CH 4 Interaction condition of gas, to be CH in tail gas 4 Concentration reaches critical CH 4 Concentration, stopping the displacement process; recording the changes of the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, the ultrasonic signals, the acoustic emission signals and the optical fiber signals of the surface and the surrounding air of the sample at the moment, and carrying out real-time CT scanning on the internal space structure of the sample at the moment so as to acquire the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the sample after the displacement is finished;
F. And (3) a hot flue gas sealing process: after the displacement test is completed, closing an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and sealing hot flue gas in a triaxial core holder main body, wherein the air pressure, the temperature, the strain, ultrasonic signals and acoustic emission signals of the surface and surrounding gas of a sample are monitored in real time in the period, and the sample is scanned in real time by using CT (computed tomography), so that the dynamic visual monitoring of sample parameters in the hot flue gas sealing process is realized, and the flow field migration, the temperature field evolution, the hole crack structural characteristics and the damage rule in the sealing process are obtained; and after the sealing test is finished, opening an inlet valve and an outlet valve, recording air pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the triaxial core holder main body after the flow data are stable, and calculating the permeability of the thermal flue gas after sealing, so as to complete the whole test process.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117079533A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | CO accounting for reservoir stress time-varying effects 2 Experimental device for water layer buries |
| CN117168987A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-05 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Loading test system |
| CN117233253A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-15 | 中国矿业大学 | CO (carbon monoxide) 2 Mineralization enhancement and monitoring evaluation simulation device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117233253A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-15 | 中国矿业大学 | CO (carbon monoxide) 2 Mineralization enhancement and monitoring evaluation simulation device and method |
| CN117233253B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-04-05 | 中国矿业大学 | CO (carbon monoxide) 2 Mineralization enhancement and monitoring evaluation simulation device and method |
| CN117079533A (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2023-11-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | CO accounting for reservoir stress time-varying effects 2 Experimental device for water layer buries |
| CN117079533B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | CO accounting for reservoir stress time-varying effects 2 Experimental device for water layer buries |
| CN117168987A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-05 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Loading test system |
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