CN116591900A - Maximum power point tracking control method of fan considering wind shearing effect - Google Patents
Maximum power point tracking control method of fan considering wind shearing effect Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The application discloses a maximum power point tracking control method of a fan considering wind shearing action. Considering that wind shearing effect can influence the aerodynamic performance of blade elements of blades with different heights, the wind energy capturing efficiency of the fan is low. The application improves on the basis of the traditional optimal torque curve, traverses the optimal torque curve under different shearing factors offline, and establishes the functional relation between the shearing factors and the optimal torque curve; on the basis, the laser radar anemometer is adopted to measure the wind speed of the wind wheel disc surface on line, the shearing factor value is calculated, the torque curve is dynamically optimized according to the function relation between the shearing factor value and the optimal torque curve established off line, and the optimal torque curve dynamic correction taking the wind shearing action into consideration in the maximum power point tracking stage is realized. The application overcomes the phenomenon of low wind energy capturing efficiency of the fan caused by wind shearing, and compared with the traditional OT method, the application can obviously improve the wind energy capturing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generator control, and particularly relates to a method for tracking and controlling a maximum power point of a fan by considering wind shearing action.
Background
The wind turbine generator is in a maximum power point tracking operation mode in most of the time lower than the rated wind speed, and the generated energy of the stage can occupy more than half of the total generated energy of the wind turbine generator. In view of the above, the efficiency and load reduction of the maximum power point tracking of the wind turbine generator are realized, and the method plays an important role in improving the power generation benefit of the whole machine. Common maximum power point tracking control methods include an Optimal Torque (OT), a tip speed ratio method, and a hill climbing method. The optimal torque method is easy to operate and deploy in engineering, is most widely applied to commercial large fans and is an improvement object.
However, with the large-scale development of the wind turbine generator, uneven stress on the upper and lower disc surfaces of the wind wheel can be caused by wind shearing action. At present, many scholars have realized that wind shearing action can cause problems such as fluctuation of output power of a fan, inaccuracy in modeling of a wind speed model, increase of load of the fan and the like. Aiming at the problem of output power fluctuation, a learner proposes a method for smoothing power by utilizing a wind wheel inertia link. Aiming at the problem of inaccurate modeling of a wind speed model, an equivalent wind speed model considering wind shearing action is provided.
The prior research has no maximum power point tracking control strategy considering wind shearing action, and the design of the maximum power point tracking control strategy still replaces the wind speed born by the whole disk surface with the wind speed at the hub. However, as the wind turbine generator system continuously develops toward large scale, the wind speed effect of the wind wheel surface is greatly different. The aerodynamic response process of the wind turbine is calculated according to the phyllanthin momentum theory, and the wind energy coefficient C P Is the comprehensive result of the aerodynamic performance of all the blade elements on the wind wheel blade, when the local wind speed of the blade element changes, the wind energy capturing capability of each blade element also changes, thereby leading to a fan C under different shearing coefficients P The curves are different. Therefore, the design of the maximum power point tracking control strategy neglecting the influence of wind shearing can reduce wind energy capture in the maximum power point tracking stage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the application provides a method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of a fan by considering the wind shearing action, a function relation between a shearing factor and an optimal torque curve is built offline, a shearing factor value is calculated according to wind speed information measured by a laser radar wind meter, and the optimal torque curve is dynamically optimized according to the shearing factor value, so that the adaptability of a large fan to high-shearing low-turbulence wind conditions or high-shearing low-turbulence wind conditions is improved, and the wind energy capturing efficiency is improved. The method has good adaptability to turbulent wind conditions, simple logic and wide engineering application space.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the application is as follows: in one aspect, a method for controlling maximum power point tracking of a fan considering wind shearing action is provided, the method comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and an optimal torque curve offline;
step 2, initializing a shearing factor alpha and setting an optimization period T s ；
Step 3, acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel surface, and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
step 4, on-line optimizing an optimal torque curve according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established in the step 1;
step 5, recording the current wind wheel rotation speed, and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relation established in the step 1 e ；
Step 6, judging the current optimization period T s If so, the electromagnetic torque instruction T calculated in the step 4 is calculated e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the step (2) is executed again.
Further, the offline establishing a functional relationship between different shearing factors α and an optimal torque curve in step 1 specifically includes:
step 1-1, obtaining structural parameters and environmental parameters of a fan, wherein the parameters of the fan comprise rotational inertia J, blade radius R and rated power P N Rated rotational speed omega N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The environmental parameter includes an air density ρ;
step 1-2, establishing a fan maximum power point tracking control model, and fitting C under different shearing factors P Curve and record corresponding rotation speed omega g Electromagnetic torque T e ；
Step 1-3, further fitting the optimal torque curves under different shearing factors according to step 1-2, and establishing a shearing factor alpha and an optimal torque curve T e The functional relationship of (2) is:
wherein k is 1 (alpha) is the torque gain coefficient,for the optimal torque gain coefficient, ρ is air density, R is wind wheel radius, ++>Lambda is the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient opt For optimum tip speed ratio, ω g The wind wheel rotation speed is given, and alpha is a shearing factor.
Further, in step 2, the initial shearing factor α is 0.9, and the period T is optimized s Taking for 10min.
Further, the calculation formula of the shearing factor α in the step 3 is:
wherein V is z Is the wind speed at the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface, V H For the measured wind speed at the fan hub, Z is the vertical height of the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface from the ground, and H is the vertical height of the fan hub from the ground.
Further, in the step 3, a laser radar anemometer is specifically adopted to obtain wind speed information of the wind wheel disc surface.
In another aspect, a fan maximum power point tracking control system is provided that accounts for wind shear, the system comprising:
the first module is used for establishing the functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and the optimal torque curve offline;
a second module for initializing the shearing factor alpha and setting the optimization period T s ；
The third module is used for acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel disc surface and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
the fourth module is used for optimizing an optimal torque curve on line according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established by the first module;
a fifth module for recording the current wind wheel rotation speed and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relationship established by the first module e ；
A sixth module for judging the current optimization period T s If the electromagnetic torque command T is ended, the electromagnetic torque command T calculated by the fifth module is ended e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the second module is executed in a return mode.
In another aspect, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the fan maximum power point tracking control method that takes into account wind shear when executing the computer program.
In another aspect, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the fan maximum power point tracking control method that takes into account wind shear.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the remarkable advantages that:
1) According to the method, the optimal torque curve dynamic optimization considering the influence of the shearing coefficient is realized, and the wind energy capturing efficiency of the large wind turbine generator in the maximum power point tracking stage is improved.
2) The application has simple design logic, is convenient for engineering application, only changes control instructions, does not need to increase hardware devices, and has good adaptability to high-shear low-turbulence and low-shear high-turbulence wind conditions.
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling maximum power point tracking of a fan taking into account wind shear.
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a fan maximum power point tracking control method taking into account wind shear.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing the tracking track of the maximum power point of the fan with the conventional optimal torque method according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
With reference to fig. 1, the application provides a method for tracking and controlling a maximum power point of a fan by considering wind shearing action, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and an optimal torque curve in an off-line manner, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1-1, obtaining structural parameters and environmental parameters of a fan, wherein the parameters of the fan comprise rotational inertia J, blade radius R and rated power P N Rated rotational speed omega N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The environmental parameter includes an air density ρ;
step 1-2, establishing a fan maximum power point tracking control model, and fitting C under different shearing factors P Curve and record corresponding rotation speed omega g Electromagnetic torque T e ；
Step 1-3, further fitting the optimal torque curves under different shearing factors according to step 1-2, and establishing a shearing factor alpha and an optimal torque curve T e The functional relationship of (2) is:
wherein k is 1 (alpha) is the torque gain coefficient,for the optimal torque gain coefficient, ρ is air density, R is wind wheel radius, ++>Lambda is the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient opt For optimum tip speed ratio, ω g The wind wheel rotation speed is given, and alpha is a shearing factor.
Step 2, initializing a shearing factor alpha and setting an optimization period T s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Preferably here, the initiation of the shearing factor α is 0.9, the optimization period T s Taking for 10min.
Step 3, acquiring wind speed information of a wind wheel surface by using a laser radar anemometer, and calculating a current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein V is z Is the wind speed at the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface, V H For the measured wind speed at the fan hub, Z is the vertical height of the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface from the ground, and H is the vertical height of the fan hub from the ground.
Step 4, on-line optimizing an optimal torque curve according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established in the step 1;
step 5, recording the current wind wheel rotation speed, and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relation established in the step 1 e ；
Step 6, judging the current optimization period T s If so, the electromagnetic torque instruction T calculated in the step 4 is calculated e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the step (2) is executed again.
The application provides a maximum power point tracking control system of a fan, which considers wind shearing action, and comprises the following steps:
the first module is used for establishing the functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and the optimal torque curve offline;
a second module for initializing the shearing factor alpha and setting the optimization period T s ；
The third module is used for acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel disc surface and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
the fourth module is used for optimizing an optimal torque curve on line according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established by the first module;
a fifth module for recording the current wind wheel rotation speed and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relationship established by the first module e ；
A sixth module for judging the current optimization period T s If the electromagnetic torque command T is ended, the electromagnetic torque command T calculated by the fifth module is ended e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the second module is executed in a return mode.
For a specific limitation of the maximum power point tracking control system of the fan considering the wind shearing effect, reference may be made to the limitation of the maximum power point tracking control method of the fan considering the wind shearing effect hereinabove, and the description thereof will not be repeated here. The above-mentioned maximum power point tracking control system of the fan taking the wind shearing action into consideration can be implemented by all or part of software, hardware and the combination thereof. The above modules may be embedded in hardware or may be independent of a processor in the computer device, or may be stored in software in a memory in the computer device, so that the processor may call and execute operations corresponding to the above modules.
The application provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the computer program:
step 1, establishing a functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and an optimal torque curve offline;
step 2, initializing a shearing factor alpha and setting an optimization period T s ；
Step 3, acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel surface, and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
step 4, on-line optimizing an optimal torque curve according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established in the step 1;
step 5, recording the current wind wheel rotation speed, and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relation established in the step 1 e ；
Step 6, judging the current optimization period T s If so, the electromagnetic torque instruction T calculated in the step 4 is calculated e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the step (2) is executed again.
For specific limitations on each step, reference may be made to the limitation of the method for controlling the maximum power point tracking of the fan in consideration of wind shearing, which is not described herein.
The present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of:
step 1, establishing a functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and an optimal torque curve offline;
step 2, initializing a shearing factor alpha and setting an optimization period T s ；
Step 3, acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel surface, and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
step 4, on-line optimizing an optimal torque curve according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established in the step 1;
step 5, recording the current wind wheel rotation speed, and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relation established in the step 1 e ；
Step 6, judging the current optimization period T s If so, the electromagnetic torque instruction T calculated in the step 4 is calculated e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the step (2) is executed again.
For specific limitations on each step, reference may be made to the limitation of the method for controlling the maximum power point tracking of the fan in consideration of wind shearing, which is not described herein.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
The simulation model uses open source professional wind turbine simulation software FAST (Fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbo) supplied by the national energy department renewable energy laboratory (NREL). The wind turbine model corresponds to the 5MWBaseline model developed by NREL, and the relevant parameters are as follows.
Table 1NREL 5MWBaseline wind turbine main parameters
Firstly, generating a three-dimensional disk surface wind speed sequence which accords with a 10min time scale of a Kametal power spectrum by adopting NRELTurSim, wherein the turbulence characteristics are as follows: the shear factor fluctuates in the range of 0-0.5, the average wind speed fluctuates in the range of 4-7 m/s (step length is 1 m/s), the turbulence intensity level is in the A-C level, and the integral scale fluctuates in the range of 100-500m (step length is 100 m). Different shearing factors, average wind speeds, turbulence intensity and integral scale are combined in sequence to form 360 turbulence wind speed sequences.
Fan is modeled based on fan professional simulation software FAST, and C under different shearing factors is fitted by adopting the constructed turbulence wind speed sequence P Fitting the curve and the optimal torque curve to sample data, and establishing a function relation between the shearing factor alpha and the optimal torque curve offline;
under the action of high shear, the equivalent wind speed of the disk surface of the wind wheel is larger than the average wind speed at the hub, so that the optimal torque curve of the wind wheel is upwards deviated from the traditional optimal torque curve. Because the equivalent wind speed of the disk surface of the wind wheel is smaller than the average wind speed at the hub under the action of low shear, the optimal torque curve of the wind wheel is shifted downwards compared with the traditional optimal torque curve. Therefore, a schematic diagram of the function of the different shear factors and the optimal torque curve is shown in fig. 2.
And acquiring three-dimensional wind speed information by using a laser radar anemometer, and calculating the current shearing factor value alpha to be 0.3 by using the wind speed information. According to the current shearing factor value alpha, adjusting the torque gain coefficient to k 1 And (alpha) adjusting to 1.1, optimizing the current optimal torque curve to be a torque curve under a high shear factor, and issuing an electromagnetic torque command according to the current wind wheel rotating speed.
A set of turbulent wind speed sequences is generated using NRELTurSim as simulated wind conditions. The traditional optimal torque curve and the maximum power point tracking control strategy considering the wind shearing action are simulated in professional simulation software FAST, and the wind energy capturing efficiency of the large fan is calculated to verify the effectiveness of the maximum power point tracking control strategy considering the wind shearing action, and simulation results of the two maximum power point tracking control strategies are shown in table 2.
Table 2 comparison of different maximum power point tracking control methods
As can be seen from the table, compared with the traditional optimal torque method, the method provided by the application has the advantages that the wind energy capturing efficiency is higher, and the wind energy capturing efficiency is improved by 1.4%. Under the action of high shear, the equivalent wind speed of the disk surface of the wind wheel is larger than the average wind speed at the hub, so that the reference rotating speed is also larger than the optimal rotating speed under the traditional optimal torque. As shown in fig. 3, the actual speed tracking curve of the improved method of the present application floats entirely above the conventional optimal torque method.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the application, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is intended to be covered by the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A fan maximum power point tracking control method considering wind shearing action is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and an optimal torque curve offline;
step 2, initializing a shearing factor alpha and setting an optimization period T s ；
Step 3, acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel surface, and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
step 4, on-line optimizing an optimal torque curve according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established in the step 1;
step 5, recording the current wind wheel rotation speed, and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relation established in the step 1 e ；
Step 6, judging the current optimization period T s Whether to finish, if so, the method comprises the step 4 of calculatingElectromagnetic torque command T e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the step (2) is executed again.
2. The method for controlling the maximum power point tracking of a fan with consideration of wind shearing action according to claim 1, wherein the offline establishing of the step 1 is a functional relationship between different shearing factors α and an optimal torque curve, specifically comprising:
step 1-1, obtaining structural parameters and environmental parameters of a fan, wherein the parameters of the fan comprise rotational inertia J, blade radius R and rated power P N Rated rotational speed omega N The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The environmental parameter includes an air density ρ;
step 1-2, establishing a fan maximum power point tracking control model, and fitting C under different shearing factors P Curve and record corresponding rotation speed omega g Electromagnetic torque T e ；
Step 1-3, further fitting the optimal torque curves under different shearing factors according to step 1-2, and establishing a shearing factor alpha and an optimal torque curve T e The functional relationship of (2) is:
wherein k is 1 (alpha) is the torque gain coefficient,for the optimal torque gain coefficient, ρ is air density, R is wind wheel radius, ++>Lambda is the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient opt For optimum tip speed ratio, ω g The wind wheel rotation speed is given, and alpha is a shearing factor.
3. The method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of fan with consideration of wind shearing action as set forth in claim 2, wherein in step 2, the method comprises the steps ofThe initial shearing factor alpha is 0.9, and the period T is optimized s Taking for 10min.
4. The method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of fan with consideration of wind shearing action according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the shearing factor α in step 3 is as follows:
wherein V is z Is the wind speed at the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface, V H For the measured wind speed at the fan hub, Z is the vertical height of the highest point of the wind wheel disc surface from the ground, and H is the vertical height of the fan hub from the ground.
5. The method for tracking and controlling the maximum power point of a fan taking the wind shearing action into consideration as set forth in claim 4, wherein in step 3, a laser radar anemometer is specifically adopted to obtain the wind speed information of the wind wheel surface.
6. A fan maximum power point tracking control system taking into account wind shear according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the system comprises the following steps:
the first module is used for establishing the functional relation between different shearing factors alpha and the optimal torque curve offline;
a second module for initializing the shearing factor alpha and setting the optimization period T s ；
The third module is used for acquiring wind speed information of the wind wheel disc surface and calculating the current shearing factor alpha value according to the wind speed information;
the fourth module is used for optimizing an optimal torque curve on line according to the current shearing factor based on the functional relation established by the first module;
a fifth module for recording the current wind wheel rotation speed and calculating the electromagnetic torque T according to the function relationship established by the first module e ；
A sixth module, which is arranged to receive the first module,for determining the current optimization period T s If the electromagnetic torque command T is ended, the electromagnetic torque command T calculated by the fifth module is ended e And (5) the maximum power point tracking controller is reached, and the second module is executed in a return mode.
7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when the computer program is executed.
8. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN202310711039.3A CN116591900A (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Maximum power point tracking control method of fan considering wind shearing effect |
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| CN202310711039.3A CN116591900A (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Maximum power point tracking control method of fan considering wind shearing effect |
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