Polyether sulfone material, low-defect-sensitivity polyether sulfone capacitance film and preparation method
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of high polymer capacitance films, in particular to a polyether sulfone material, a low defect sensitivity polyether sulfone capacitance film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The capacitor is widely applied to modern electronic and electric equipment such as pulse power equipment, a mobile power supply system, a hybrid electric vehicle and the like as a high-power energy storage device. In order to achieve miniaturization and weight reduction of power electronics systems, there is a need to find polymer dielectric films with high energy storage densities and high operating temperatures. The maximum operating temperature of a polymeric material is limited by its thermal stability, such as glass transition temperature, for example, a conventional biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film, which has a service temperature below 100 ℃ and limits its range of applications. Polyether sulfone (PES) is a high-temperature-resistant special engineering plastic, and has the advantages of high glass transition temperature (215 ℃), good thermal stability, thermoplasticity, solubility, excellent processability and high working temperature.
However, the inventors found in the study that the poly-sealed capacitor film has defect sensitivity: the polymer film is coated with aluminum or zinc metal on the surface before being formed into a capacitor. In order to maintain uniformity of thickness of the vapor deposited metal layer, it is required that the conveying speed of the polymer film is uniform, and the polymer film is wound around a steel roller, and a stable conveying force is provided by the steel roller. To avoid wrinkling of the film during transport, the steel rolls exert tension on the polymer film, which is in a taut state on the steel rolls. When gel points or physical defect points (phi is less than or equal to 1 mu m) exist on the polyethersulfone film, stress concentration is easy to occur at the defect, the polyethersulfone film is easy to be broken under the condition of tightening, the whole vacuum evaporation process is greatly influenced, the material waste is serious, and the popularization of the polyethersulfone capacitor film is hindered.
In addition, the energy storage capacity of the pure polyethersulfone is obviously reduced along with the increase of the working temperature, particularly, the low energy storage density level at the high temperature of 150 ℃ also influences the application of the capacitor at the high temperature, so that the technical problem to be solved is how to maintain the certain energy storage density of the polyethersulfone at the high working temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the defect sensitivity of the polyethersulfone capacitor film, the application aims to provide a polyethersulfone material, and a polyethersulfone film using the polyethersulfone material has higher tearing strength, reduces the defect sensitivity and is more suitable to be used as the capacitor film.
The application provides the following technical scheme:
the polyethersulfone material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
65 to 95 percent of polyether sulfone, 2 to 30 percent of polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer and 0.2 to 3 percent of chain extender.
The inventors have found in the study that increasing the tear strength of polyethersulfone films helps to reduce defect sensitivity. However, the conventional toughening agent cannot meet the requirements for preparing the polyethersulfone capacitance film because of the glass transition temperature (T) g ) Extremely low (< -20 ℃) these thermoplastic elastomers can greatly reduce the high temperature resistance of polyethersulfones, affecting the high operating temperature properties of polyethersulfones, while Polycarbonates (PC) and the like are similar to the mechanical properties of polyethersulfones, and cannot improve the defect sensitivity of polyethersulfones. The application compounds the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer with the polyether sulfone base material, the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is a copolymer of bisphenol A type carbonate structural unit and siloxane structural unit, and the heat-resistant temperature is not lower than 120 ℃. When the polyethersulfone materials are melt blended, interfacial gaps are eliminated by the polyethersulfone and polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer under the action of a chain extender, the compatibility of two phases is improved, meanwhile, the viscosity of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is increased, the phenomenon of melt phase separation caused by overlarge viscosity difference of the two phases is prevented, the high temperature resistance of a polyethersulfone main body is maintained, meanwhile, the elasticity and strain resistance of the polyethersulfone film are improved, the tearing strength is improved, and the improvement of the tearing strength is helpful for weakening the defect sensitivity of the polyethersulfone film. Meanwhile, on the basis that the higher dielectric constant and the relatively lower dielectric loss of the polyethersulfone endow the capacitor film with higher energy storage density, the dielectric property and the high-temperature electric field breakdown resistance strength of the polyethersulfone are further improved, and the relatively lower dielectric loss is kept, so that the polyethersulfoneThe film can store charges at a higher temperature, so that the high-temperature energy storage density of the polyethersulfone is improved, and the energy storage density of the polyethersulfone material at a high temperature such as 150 ℃ is equivalent to that of a pure polyethersulfone capacitor film at normal temperature.
As a preferred feature of the present application,
83% -94% of polyether sulfone, 5% -15% of polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer and 0.3% -1.8% of chain extender. Suitable tensile strength can be achieved within this preferred range.
As a preferred feature of the present application,
the polyethersulfone is selected from one or more of E2010, J1000 and J1000E.
As a preferred aspect of the present application, the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is selected from one or more of EXL1213TB, EXL1414TB, EXL7414B, EXL, 9134B, EXL 9330B.
As a preferred feature of the present application,
the chain extender is selected from one or two of ADR4468 and ADR 4400.
As a preferred feature of the present application,
and also comprises 0.2 to 3 percent of oxygen expanding agent.
Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from one or more of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 168, antioxidant 1076 and antioxidant 164.
The polyethersulfone capacitance film prepared by the polyethersulfone material.
The preparation method of the polyethersulfone capacitance film comprises the following steps:
(1) Melt blending the polyether sulfone material, extruding and granulating to obtain blending granules;
(2) And casting the blended granules into a film to obtain the polyether sulfone capacitance film.
As the preference of the method, in the step (1), the materials are melted, blended and granulated in a double-screw extruder, the extrusion temperature is 280-350 ℃, the die head temperature is 270-340 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 150-400 rpm;
and/or in the step (2), casting into a film in a single-screw extrusion casting machine, wherein the extrusion temperature is 320-380 ℃, the die head temperature is 310-370 ℃, the roller temperature is 170-210 ℃, and the screw rotating speed is 30-100 rpm.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the polyether sulfone material provided by the application adopts the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer to compound polyether sulfone, and the chain extender is added, so that the high working temperature (more than or equal to 150 ℃) of the polyether sulfone is maintained, the higher tearing strength of the polyether sulfone capacitor film is provided, the defect sensitivity of the polyether sulfone capacitor film is reduced, meanwhile, the polyether sulfone film has higher electric breakdown strength and dielectric property under the condition of keeping relatively lower dielectric loss, the energy storage density of the polyether sulfone film is improved, the energy storage density at the high temperature of 150 ℃ is equivalent to the energy storage density at the normal temperature of a pure PES film, and the popularization and application of the polyether sulfone capacitor film are facilitated.
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of embodiments of the application.
Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials used in the present application are commercially available or are commonly used in the art, and unless otherwise indicated, the methods in the examples below are all conventional in the art.
Example 1
A polyether sulfone material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a preparation method of the polyethersulfone capacitor film with high energy storage density comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying the polyether sulfone E2010 and the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer EXL1213TB at 150 ℃ for 12 hours, adding an antioxidant 1010 and a chain extender ADR4468, mixing for 10 minutes, and keeping the rotating speed at 300rpm to obtain a polyether sulfone material; then placing the mixture in a double-screw extruder (extrusion temperature 340 ℃, die head temperature 330 ℃, screw rotation speed 150 rpm) for melt blending, extruding and granulating to obtain blended granules;
(4) Putting the blended granules into a single-screw extrusion casting machine, and casting the granules into a film through a strip-shaped die head, wherein the parameters of the single-screw extrusion machine are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 360 ℃, the die head temperature is 350 ℃, the roller temperature is 200 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 40rpm, and the high-temperature-resistant polyethersulfone capacitance film with smooth and even surface and uniform thickness is obtained.
Example 2
A polyether sulfone material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a preparation method of the polyethersulfone capacitor film with high energy storage density comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying the polyether sulfone J1000 and the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer EXL1414TB at 140 ℃ for 12 hours, adding an antioxidant 168 and a chain extender ADR4468, mixing for 5 minutes, and keeping the rotating speed at 400rpm to obtain a polyether sulfone material; then placing the mixture in a double-screw extruder (extrusion temperature 340 ℃, die head temperature 330 ℃, screw rotation speed 150 rpm) for melt blending, extruding and granulating to obtain blended granules;
(4) Putting the blended granules into a single-screw extrusion casting machine, and casting the granules into a film through a strip-shaped die head, wherein the parameters of the single-screw extrusion machine are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 360 ℃, the die head temperature is 350 ℃, the roller temperature is 200 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 40rpm, and the high-temperature-resistant polyethersulfone capacitance film with smooth and even surface and uniform thickness is obtained.
Example 3
A polyether sulfone material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
a preparation method of the polyethersulfone capacitor film with high energy storage density comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying the polyether sulfone J1000E and the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer EXL7414B at 130 ℃ for 12 hours, adding an antioxidant 1076 and a chain extender ADR4400, mixing for 5 minutes, and keeping the rotating speed at 400rpm to obtain a polyether sulfone material; then placing the mixture in a double-screw extruder (extrusion temperature 340 ℃, die head temperature 330 ℃, screw rotation speed 150 rpm) for melt blending, extruding and granulating to obtain blended granules;
(4) Putting the blended granules into a single-screw extrusion casting machine, and casting the granules into a film through a strip-shaped die head, wherein the parameters of the single-screw extrusion machine are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 370 ℃, the die head temperature is 360 ℃, the roller temperature is 180 ℃, the screw rotating speed is 30rpm, and the high-temperature-resistant polyethersulfone capacitance film with smooth and even surface and uniform thickness is obtained.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the polyether sulfone material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
comparative example 1
Except for the difference from example 1, a polyethersulfone capacitor film was produced using only polyethersulfone E2010 according to the production method of a polyethersulfone capacitor film described in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 2 is that the chain extender is omitted from the polyethersulfone material, and the polyethersulfone material is used to prepare the polyethersulfone capacitance film.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the polyether sulfone material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the polyethersulfone material is used to prepare a capacitive film.
The properties of the capacitance films prepared in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 test results
As shown in examples 1 to 4, the addition of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer to the polyethersulfone increases the tearing strength of the polyethersulfone, thereby improving the tearing resistance of the polyethersulfone against physical defects, further improving the dielectric constant of the polyethersulfone and the electric breakdown field strength at high temperature, maintaining relatively low dielectric loss (the dielectric loss is increased but not protruded), providing the modified polyethersulfone capacitor film with stronger charge storage capacity at high temperature, improving the high temperature storage density, and the storage density of the polyethersulfone capacitor film at 150 ℃ is equivalent to the storage density of the pure polyethersulfone capacitor film at normal temperature. And when 83% -95% of polyethersulfone, 4% -15% of polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer and 0.3% -1.8% of chain extender are used, the balance result of better tensile strength and tearing strength can be obtained. However, when the chain extender is omitted from the use of comparative example 2, the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer cannot withstand thermal processing at 300 ℃ or higher, and is extremely liable to cause breakage of the molecular chains of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer, and thus the tensile strength and tear strength of comparative example 2 are lower than those of example 2, or when the amount of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer is increased beyond the scope of the present application as shown in comparative example 3, since polyethersulfone and polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer are not completely compatible polymers, interfacial voids exist, and the higher the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer content, the more the interfacial voids, the chain extender is insufficient to fill all the interfacial voids, severely affecting the breakdown field strength of the blend. Although the increase in the content of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer increases the contribution of the tear strength of the polycarbonate-siloxane copolymer itself, resulting in an increase in the tear strength, the energy storage capacity is severely reduced.