CN116587615A - Model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division - Google Patents
Model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division Download PDFInfo
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- CN116587615A CN116587615A CN202310542089.3A CN202310542089A CN116587615A CN 116587615 A CN116587615 A CN 116587615A CN 202310542089 A CN202310542089 A CN 202310542089A CN 116587615 A CN116587615 A CN 116587615A
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007621 cluster analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing. The invention judges the self-supporting condition of each printing layer of the model by utilizing voxels, and initially segments the whole model into a self-supporting area and a hanging flow area by utilizing cluster analysis on the space position. In consideration of irregular distribution of voxels in the interface of the hanging flow region and the self-supporting region, further self-supporting judgment of the hanging flow region cannot be implemented by utilizing the updated printing base. By utilizing the segmentation printing method, the segmentation of the model based on the gravity effect is realized, and the stability of additive manufacturing of the adjacent areas of the self-supporting area and the hanging flow area is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology requires to reduce or even avoid the generation of a supporting structure in the printing process, the printing capability of the traditional printing mode with a fixed deposition direction is weak, a large number of supporting structures are required to be added for assisting in forming for parts with complex structures, bad influence is caused on the forming quality, particularly in the field of metal additive manufacturing, and the unsupported printing mode has become an important field of printing technology research.
For complex structural members, it is difficult to achieve an overall unsupported delamination. It is conceivable to use the idea of segmentation to break down a complex entity into a plurality of sub-entities that can be shaped in one step. In the conventional method, although the model hanging region can be judged by using the patch information, it is difficult to further plan a specific division plane, so that the voxel can be used for self-supporting judgment. In the segmentation process, the main flow idea is to decompose the model into a self-supporting area and a hanging flow area, but the printing quality at the junction of the self-supporting area and the hanging flow area is generally poor, and the final self-supporting judgment result is affected, so that the segmentation is further required to be defined, and the integral segmentation of the model and the additive manufacturing path planning are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division, which solves the problem of hanging flow of a local area when a workpiece is printed in the traditional additive manufacturing process. The invention uses voxel model to divide the whole, adopts the voxel-by-voxel hanging relation judgment of the upper layer and the lower layer to realize the division of the whole self-supporting area and the hanging area, and simultaneously utilizes the construction of octree and the fitting of the printing basal plane to divide the transition area. The whole model is divided into a plurality of mutually separated self-supporting areas, a hanging flow area and a transition area.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting judgment and transition zone division comprises the following steps:
(1) The voxel of the STL model is realized by utilizing regular hexahedral units, and all voxel points are set to be in a state to be segmented;
(2) Determining a printing layer to which each voxel point belongs according to the printing basal plane;
(3) Starting from a printing basal plane, traversing each printing layer, judging the self-supporting condition of voxels, and dividing the model into a self-supporting area and a hanging flow area;
(4) Setting voxel points in all self-supporting areas to be in a segmented state, if no voxel point exists in the hanging flow area, indicating that the imported voxel set to be segmented is segmented, and executing the step (8), otherwise, if the hanging flow area exists, carrying out cluster analysis among voxels for hanging flow voxels in the hanging flow area, and segmenting the voxels into mutually separated sub-hanging flow areas according to the spatial position relation of the voxels;
(5) Extracting voxels with surface-to-surface adjacent relation between each sub-hanging flow region and the self-supporting region voxel set, and constructing adjacent voxel sets of each sub-hanging flow region;
(6) According to the adjacent voxel set, a least square method is used for fitting to obtain the normal vector of the printing basal plane of each sub-hanging flow area;
(7) Determining a segmented transition region according to the printing basal plane and the adjacent voxel set, setting voxels in the transition region to be segmented, removing the voxels in the transition region from the corresponding sub-hanging flow regions, and determining the position of the printing basal plane corresponding to each sub-hanging flow region in space;
(8) If the voxels in the state to be segmented do not exist, generating a final layering scheme according to the segmentation result of the voxels and the corresponding printing base surface, otherwise, searching for the rest of voxel clusters to be segmented, and executing the step (2).
Further, in the step (2), the calculation method of the print layer to which each voxel point belongs specifically includes: and calculating the distance between each voxel point and the printing basal plane, and dividing the printing layers according to the distance.
Further, in step (3), for an initially printed layer in direct contact with the print base, all voxels in the layer are considered to be self-supporting; for the rest printing layers, the self-supporting judgment needs to be carried out between the printing layers adjacent to the lower layer, specifically:
projecting the central points of all lower voxels onto a printing basal plane, sequentially extracting the central points of the current voxels, projecting the central points onto the printing basal plane, and judging whether the projection points of the lower voxel centers exist in the r neighborhood range of the projection points of the central points of the current voxels; if the voxel exists, the voxel belongs to the self-supporting voxel and belongs to the self-supporting area, otherwise, the voxel belongs to the hanging flow voxel and belongs to the hanging flow area; the kd-Tree is utilized to accelerate the search process for projected points within the neighborhood.
Further, in the step (4), the further segmentation of the hanging stream area specifically includes:
and representing the voxels by using voxel center points, performing cluster analysis on a voxel center point set by adopting a DBSCAN algorithm, and dividing the voxels into mutually separated sub-hanging flow areas according to the spatial position relation of the voxels to finish the further division of the hanging flow areas.
Further, in the step (5), adjacent voxel searching of the self-supporting area and the hanging flow area is realized by utilizing an octree data structure; firstly, storing all voxels of a self-supporting area by utilizing an octree structure, wherein each leaf node of the octree corresponds to a voxel of the self-supporting area; and then, for each sub-hanging flow area, judging whether each hanging flow element is in the six neighborhood range of the self-supporting octree leaf node, and if so, indicating that the hanging flow element is an adjacent element.
Further, in the step (7), the position of a printing basal plane is preset according to the obtained normal vector of the printing basal plane, so that all hanging flow area voxels are on the same side of the printing basal plane, and the average value of the distances from adjacent voxel points to the printing basal plane is smaller than or equal to the average value of the distances from all hanging flow pixels to the printing basal plane; calculating a printing layer to which adjacent voxels belong, defining the printing layer to which all the adjacent voxels belong as a transition region, setting the voxels in the transition region as a segmented state, and removing all the voxels in the transition region from the hanging stream region; the position of the print base surface is determined as the interface of the transition zone and the hanging zone.
Further, when judging the self-supporting relationship between the voxels of the current layer and the lower layer, the neighborhood radius r of the projection point is selected as the side length value of the regular hexahedron voxel.
Further, the neighborhood radius in the DBSCAN algorithm is set to 1.2 times the edge length of the regular hexahedron voxels, and the minimum point number is set to 6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the self-supporting judgment of the integral printing model is realized by utilizing the voxels, and the neighborhood search judgment of the voxel center point is utilized to divide the integral model into the self-supporting area and the hanging flow area in a high-efficient way. Considering that voxels in the interface of the hanging region and the self-supporting region may show irregular distribution when the model structure is relatively complex, further self-supporting judgment on the hanging region cannot be implemented by using the updated printing base. Therefore, the invention provides a definition and a corresponding dividing method of the transition region, wherein the transition region is further divided in the hanging flow region by utilizing the clustering relation of the voxel center points and the adjacent position relation among the voxels. The transition region can ensure stable printing of the adjacent regions of the self-supporting region and the hanging region and continuous stable running of voxel self-supporting judgment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting determination and transition zone division according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a selected workpiece model according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cluster analysis result after the first self-supporting determination according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a final segmentation result according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the final layering result according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, a model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting determination and transition zone division includes the following steps:
and step 1, obtaining a model file to be processed, utilizing regular hexahedral units to realize voxel of the STL model, and setting all voxel points to be in a state to be segmented.
In this embodiment, the model file to be processed is shown in fig. 2. The size of the voxels is 0.2mm x 0.2mm,
and 2, determining the printing layer to which each voxel point belongs according to the printing basal plane.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the print layer is set to 0.2mm, and the distance from each voxel point to the print base plane is calculated, so that the print layer to which each voxel point belongs is determined. For the initial voxel model, the print base surface is the upper surface of the print substrate.
And 3, traversing each printing layer from the printing basal plane, judging the self-supporting condition of the voxels, and dividing the model into a self-supporting area and a hanging flow area.
For an initially printed layer in direct contact with the print base, it is believed that all voxels in the layer are self-supporting; for the rest of the print layers, it is necessary to determine whether or not the print layers adjacent to the lower layer are self-supporting. The judgment is mainly based on the gravity deposition effect, and in the additive manufacturing process, the formed part of the lower layer can provide effective support for the part to be printed of the current printing layer so as to ensure the stable printing process; if an effective bottom support cannot be provided, a hanging flow phenomenon can be generated on a part to be printed in the current printing layer, so that the forming quality is affected. The specific judging mode is as follows:
and projecting the central points of all the lower voxels onto a printing base surface, sequentially extracting the central points of the current voxels, projecting the central points onto the printing base surface, and judging whether the projection points of the lower voxel centers exist in the r neighborhood range of the projection points of the central points of the current voxels. If the self-supporting voxel exists, indicating that the voxel belongs to the self-supporting voxel and belongs to the self-supporting area; otherwise, it belongs to the hanging voxel and belongs to the hanging area. The kd-Tree is utilized to accelerate the search process for projected points within the neighborhood.
As one of the embodiments, the neighborhood radius r is generally determined by the size of the voxel, the self-supporting capability of the material, and may be generally selected as the side length value of a regular hexahedral voxel. In this example, r is 0.2mm.
And 4, setting the voxel points in all the self-supporting areas to be in a segmented state, if no voxel point exists in the hanging flow area, indicating that the imported voxel set to be segmented is segmented, and executing the step 8. Otherwise, if the hanging flow area exists, carrying out clustering analysis among voxels for hanging flow voxels in the hanging flow area, and dividing the voxels into mutually separated sub-hanging flow areas according to the spatial position relation of the voxels.
In the actual printing process, if each part of voxels in the hanging flow area are discontinuous in space, the hanging flow area needs to be further segmented in order to ensure the continuity of the printing path and the reasonable planning of the printing direction.
As one embodiment, the hanging voxels in the hanging region are represented by the center points of the voxels, and the cluster analysis is performed on the set of voxel center points to divide the voxels into sub-hanging regions spatially separated from each other.
In this embodiment, the DBSCAN algorithm is used, the neighborhood radius is set to 1.2 times the regular hexahedral voxel side length, and the minimum number of points is set to 6.
After the first clustering analysis, the whole model can be divided into 1 self-supporting area and 2 sub-hanging areas. The result of the cluster analysis after the first self-supporting judgment is shown in fig. 3.
And 5, extracting voxels with surface-to-surface adjacent relation between each sub-hanging flow region and the self-supporting region voxel set, and constructing adjacent voxel sets of each sub-hanging flow region.
As one embodiment, a data storage structure of the octree is built for all voxel information in the self-supporting region, with each leaf node of the octree corresponding to a voxel of the self-supporting region. And extracting voxels with surface-to-surface adjacent relation between the voxel sets in each sub-hanging areas and the self-supporting areas by using the octree, and then respectively judging whether each hanging fluid element is in the six-neighborhood range of the self-supporting octree leaf node for each sub-hanging area, if so, indicating that the hanging fluid element is an adjacent voxel, thereby constructing the adjacent voxel set of each sub-hanging area.
And 6, fitting by using a least square method according to the adjacent voxel set to obtain the normal vector of the printing basal plane of each split sub-hanging flow area.
And 7, determining a segmented transition region according to the printing basal plane and the adjacent voxel set, setting voxels in the transition region to be segmented, removing the voxels in the transition region from the corresponding sub-hanging flow regions, and determining the position of the printing basal plane corresponding to each sub-hanging flow region in space.
As one implementation mode, the position of one printing basal plane is preset according to the obtained normal vector of the printing basal plane, so that all hanging flow area voxels are on the same side of the printing basal plane, and the average value of the distances from adjacent voxel points to the printing basal plane is smaller than or equal to the average value of the distances from all hanging flow pixels to the printing basal plane. And calculating the printing layers to which the adjacent voxels belong, defining the printing layers to which all the adjacent voxels belong as transition regions, setting the voxels in the transition regions into a segmented state, and removing all the voxels in the transition regions from the hanging stream region. The position of the print base surface is determined as the interface of the transition zone and the hanging zone.
And 8, if the voxels in the state to be segmented do not exist, generating a final layering scheme according to the segmentation result of the voxels and the corresponding printing basal plane. Otherwise, searching the rest of voxel clusters to be segmented, and executing the step 2.
The final segmentation result of this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and the layering result is shown in fig. 5.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing description is a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described, and that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, for the purposes of those skilled in the art. Modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The model segmentation printing method based on the self-supporting judgment and the transition zone division is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) The voxel of the STL model is realized by utilizing regular hexahedral units, and all voxel points are set to be in a state to be segmented;
(2) Determining a printing layer to which each voxel point belongs according to the printing basal plane;
(3) Starting from a printing basal plane, traversing each printing layer, judging the self-supporting condition of voxels, and dividing the model into a self-supporting area and a hanging flow area;
(4) Setting voxel points in all self-supporting areas to be in a segmented state; if the voxel point does not exist in the hanging flow area, the voxel set to be segmented is segmented, and the step (8) is executed, otherwise, if the hanging flow area exists, clustering analysis among voxels is carried out on hanging flow voxels in the hanging flow area, and the voxels are segmented into mutually separated sub-hanging flow areas according to the spatial position relation of the voxels;
(5) Extracting voxels with surface-to-surface adjacent relation between each sub-hanging flow region and the self-supporting region voxel set, and constructing adjacent voxel sets of each sub-hanging flow region;
(6) According to the adjacent voxel set, a least square method is used for fitting to obtain the normal vector of the printing basal plane of each sub-hanging flow area;
(7) Determining a segmented transition region according to the printing basal plane and the adjacent voxel set, setting voxels in the transition region to be segmented, removing the voxels in the transition region from the corresponding sub-hanging flow regions, and determining the position of the printing basal plane corresponding to each sub-hanging flow region in space;
(8) If the voxels in the state to be segmented do not exist, generating a final layering scheme according to the segmentation result of the voxels and the corresponding printing base surface, otherwise, searching for the rest of voxel clusters to be segmented, and executing the step (2).
2. The model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting determination and transition region division according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the calculation method of the printing layer to which each voxel point belongs specifically comprises: and calculating the distance between each voxel point and the printing basal plane, and dividing the printing layers according to the distance.
3. The method of model segmentation printing based on self-supporting decision and transition zone segmentation as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step (3), for an initial printed layer in direct contact with the print base, all voxels in the layer are considered to be self-supporting; for the rest printing layers, the self-supporting judgment needs to be carried out between the printing layers adjacent to the lower layer, specifically:
projecting the central points of all lower voxels onto a printing basal plane, sequentially extracting the central points of the current voxels, projecting the central points onto the printing basal plane, and judging whether the projection points of the lower voxel centers exist in the r neighborhood range of the projection points of the central points of the current voxels; if the voxel exists, the voxel belongs to the self-supporting voxel and belongs to the self-supporting area, otherwise, the voxel belongs to the hanging flow voxel and belongs to the hanging flow area; the kd-Tree is utilized to accelerate the search process for projected points within the neighborhood.
4. The method for printing model segmentation based on self-supporting decision and transition zone segmentation according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the further segmentation of the hanging zone specifically comprises:
and representing the voxels by using voxel center points, performing cluster analysis on a voxel center point set by adopting a DBSCAN algorithm, and dividing the voxels into mutually separated sub-hanging flow areas according to the spatial position relation of the voxels to finish the further division of the hanging flow areas.
5. The method for printing model segmentation based on self-supporting decision and transition region segmentation according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), adjacent voxel searching of the self-supporting region and the hanging stream region is realized by using an octree data structure; firstly, storing all voxels of a self-supporting area by utilizing an octree structure, wherein each leaf node of the octree corresponds to a voxel of the self-supporting area; and then, for each sub-hanging flow area, judging whether each hanging flow element is in the six neighborhood range of the self-supporting octree leaf node, and if so, indicating that the hanging flow element is an adjacent element.
6. The method for printing model segmentation based on self-supporting determination and transition zone division according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the position of a printing base plane is preset according to the obtained normal vector of the printing base plane, so that all hanging area voxels are on the same side of the printing base plane, and the average value of the distances from adjacent voxel points to the printing base plane is less than or equal to the average value of the distances from all hanging fluid pixels to the printing base plane; calculating a printing layer to which adjacent voxels belong, defining the printing layer to which all the adjacent voxels belong as a transition region, setting the voxels in the transition region as a segmented state, and removing all the voxels in the transition region from the hanging stream region; the position of the print base surface is determined as the interface of the transition zone and the hanging zone.
7. A model segmentation printing method based on self-supporting decision and transition region segmentation according to claim 3, wherein the neighborhood radius r of the projection point is selected as the side length value of the regular hexahedron voxel when judging the self-supporting relationship between the current layer voxel and the lower layer.
8. The method for printing model segmentation based on self-supporting decision and transition region segmentation according to claim 4, wherein the neighborhood radius in the DBSCAN algorithm is set to 1.2 times the edge length of regular hexahedron voxels, and the minimum point number is set to 6.
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| CN117341206A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-01-05 | 南京林业大学 | Support structure generation method based on octree |
| CN117341206B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-03-29 | 南京林业大学 | Support structure generation method based on octree |
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