CN116582035A - Automatic control device and method suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization - Google Patents
Automatic control device and method suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN116582035A CN116582035A CN202310622217.5A CN202310622217A CN116582035A CN 116582035 A CN116582035 A CN 116582035A CN 202310622217 A CN202310622217 A CN 202310622217A CN 116582035 A CN116582035 A CN 116582035A
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/14—Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/40—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an automatic control device and a method suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization, wherein a rotating shaft A in the control device coaxially rotates with a variable excitation generator, a torque-rotation angle sensor, a bearing group A, a gear and a synchronous wheel A; the bearing group A and the bearing group B consist of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft A and the rotating shaft B are fixed on the supporting bracket; the rotating shaft B coaxially rotates with the bearing group B, the synchronous wheel B, the clutch and the servo motor; the synchronous wheel A is connected with the synchronous wheel B through a synchronous belt; the rack is fixedly connected with the transmission plate through a transmission rod and meshed with the gear; the transmission plate is also connected with a sliding block through a transmission rod, the sliding block is limited in a sliding rail to move up and down, and the sliding rail is fixed on the supporting frame; a plurality of springs are arranged between the transmission plate and the supporting frame; the vibrator is fixed with the transmission plate through the force transmission plate; the variable excitation generator transmits the converted electric energy to electric equipment; the external adjustable excitation power supply transmits excitation voltage and current to the variable excitation generator through the separate excitation power line.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the fields of offshore new energy and ocean current power generation, hydrodynamics, control science and the like, and discloses an automatic control device and method capable of realizing high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization.
Background
The ocean current energy is widely distributed and has large reserves, and the ocean current energy which can be developed globally according to statistics exceeds 6 multiplied by 10 6 MW. With global economic development and energy structure adjustment, ocean current energy will become one of the important trends of future renewable energy development. Recently, with the development of ocean engineering technology, an emerging concept of generating electricity by means of flow induced vibration is proposed, which uses fluid to induce column vibration, and further uses vibration generating equipment to extract energy, and vibration forms of energy conversion include vortex induced vibration, relaxation vibration and the like. The flow-induced vibration power generation technology has the advantages of low starting flow speed, high energy utilization potential, low technical cost, no influence on navigation, no occupation of cultivated land, environmental friendliness and the like. In the future, the flow-induced vibration power generation technology has good application prospect.
Since the large amount of vibration energy caused by flow generally causes damage to long structures, early studies have been directed to how to suppress vibration. The goal of flow induced vibration power generation research is precisely the opposite, with the aim of enhancing vibration to obtain higher energy. For this reason, many scholars have studied the characteristics of non-circular section vibrators such as passive turbulence cylinders, prisms, etc. in order to obtain more energy. As a result, it was found that the non-circular cross-section vibrator was higher in power generation capacity than the cylinder, but it exhibited differential conversion of vortex-induced vibration to relaxation, i.e., soft relaxation, hard relaxation phenomena. When hard relaxation occurs, the vibrator cannot be converted into relaxation by vortex-induced vibration self-excitation, and can only be forced into the relaxation (shown in fig. 1) by external force (such as large displacement pushing), so that the relaxation energy utilization is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an automatic control device and method capable of exciting relaxation and relaxation energy utilization aiming at the high-flow-rate hard relaxation phenomenon of a non-circular-section vibrator, so as to realize excitation and energy utilization of relaxation under the condition of hard relaxation and provide control functions such as energy output regulation and control and shutdown.
The application aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an automatic control device suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization comprises a variable excitation generator, a torque-rotation angle sensor, a rotating shaft A, a rotating shaft B, a bearing group A, a bearing group B, a supporting bracket, a gear, a rack, a synchronous wheel A, a synchronous wheel B, a synchronous belt, a clutch, a servo motor, an externally-connected adjustable excitation power supply, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a flow-rate sensor, electric equipment, a communication line, a separate excitation power line, an electric energy output line, a vibrator, a force transmission plate, a transmission plate and a transmission rod;
the rotating shaft A coaxially rotates with the variable excitation generator, the torque-rotation angle sensor, the bearing set A, the gear and the synchronous wheel A; the bearing group A consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft A is fixed on the supporting bracket; the rotating shaft B coaxially rotates with the bearing group B, the synchronous wheel B, the clutch and the servo motor; the bearing group B consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft B is fixed on the supporting bracket; the synchronous wheel A and the synchronous wheel B are connected through a synchronous belt, so that the synchronous wheel A and the synchronous wheel B can synchronously move to drive the rotating shaft A and the rotating shaft B to synchronously rotate;
the rack is fixedly connected with the transmission plate through a transmission rod and meshed with the gear; the transmission plate is also connected with a sliding block through a transmission rod, the sliding block is limited in a sliding rail to move up and down, and the sliding rail is fixed on the supporting frame; a plurality of springs are arranged between the transmission plate and the supporting frame to provide restoring force for the up-and-down vibration of the vibrator; the vibrator is fixed with the transmission plate through the force transmission plate; when the incoming flow passes through the vibrator, the vibrator drives the force transmission plate to move up and down, and the force transmission plate drives the transmission plate to move up and down; the transmission plate drives the rack to move up and down; the rack drives the rotating shaft A and the rotating shaft B to reciprocate and rotate, and finally drives the variable excitation generator to rotate and generate electricity;
the variable excitation generator transmits converted electric energy to electric equipment through an electric energy output line; the external adjustable excitation power supply transmits excitation voltage and current to the variable excitation generator through a separate excitation power line; the torque-rotation angle sensor transmits torque and rotation angle signals to the PLC through a communication line; the flow velocity sensor transmits a flow velocity signal to the PLC through a communication line; the electric equipment transmits the energy conversion signal to the PLC through a communication line; the PLC controller transmits a clutch execution signal to the clutch through a communication line; the PLC controller transmits a servo motor execution signal to the servo motor through a communication line; the PLC controller transmits an external adjustable excitation power supply execution signal to the external adjustable excitation power supply through a communication line.
Further, the device comprises a communication wire for transmitting torque and corner signals, a communication wire for transmitting flow velocity signals, a communication wire for transmitting electric energy conversion signals, a communication wire for transmitting clutch execution signals, a communication wire for transmitting servo motor execution signals and a communication wire for transmitting external adjustable excitation power supply execution signals.
The application also provides an automatic control method suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When the incoming flow velocity is high and the vibrator is in a relaxation state, the control mode is as follows:
the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch is disconnected, the servo motor does not act, and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply maintains excitation voltage and current;
the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
(2) When the flow speed of incoming flow fluctuates, the vibration of the vibrator is restrained, the vibration amplitude of the vibrator is reduced, the vibrator cannot generate relaxation, and at the moment, the control mode is as follows:
the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch is disconnected, the servo motor does not act, and the excitation voltage and current of the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply are adjusted to zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
if the vibrator gradually generates relaxation, the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC controller, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch is disconnected, the servo motor does not act, and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply gradually increases excitation voltage and current to target values; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually and eventually maintains a steady energy output;
if the vibrator does not generate relaxation, the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: firstly, the clutch is connected, then the servo motor provides an initial amplitude for the vibrator, then the clutch is suddenly disconnected, and meanwhile, the excitation voltage and current of the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply are maintained at zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
the vibrator releases suddenly and has amplitude, and the vibration is relaxed; at this time, the flow velocity signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC controller, and the following determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch is disconnected, the servo motor does not act, and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply gradually increases excitation voltage and current to target values; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually therewith and eventually maintains a stable energy output;
(3) When the flow speed of the incoming flow is steadily increased or reduced, the vibration of the vibrator is increased or reduced along with the increase or reduction, the energy utilization effect is changed, and the control mode is as follows:
the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch is disconnected, the servo motor does not act, and the external adjustable excitation power supply increases or decreases the excitation voltage and current; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases or decreases accordingly and remains stable gradually;
if the amplitude, the power and the flow rate do not reach the targets in the adjustment process, executing the operation in the step;
(4) If emergency stop is needed, the control mode is as follows:
according to the shutdown requirement, the PLC controller determines after solving: the clutch is connected, the servo motor provides resistance for the vibrator to force the vibrator to stop vibrating, and an external adjustable excitation power supply is connected to adjust excitation voltage and current to zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch, a servo motor and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply to execute operation; along with the operation execution, the vibrator vibration is stopped, the output energy is zero, and the shutdown is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the automatic control device and the method provided by the application realize the energy output, adjustment and control of the flow-induced vibration equipment under the high-flow-rate hard relaxation condition, increase the applicable environment of the flow-induced vibration power generation equipment, and have good application prospects. Firstly, the excitation generator is changed, an external adjustable excitation power supply is connected, and the PLC is matched, so that the adjustment of the internal excitation of the excitation generator can be realized, the excitation size can be flexibly adjusted, and the adjustment of the damping and the output energy of the system can be realized. And secondly, a clutch and a servo motor are adopted and matched with a PLC controller, so that initial large displacement can be provided for the system, further, external excitation of relaxation is realized, and effective utilization of relaxation energy is realized. And thirdly, various sensors and communication cables are matched with the PLC controller, so that the signals can be rapidly transmitted and resolved, and the execution signals can be rapidly output, and the control effect is realized. Thirdly, the equipment provides the possibility of shutdown control for the flow-induced vibration power generation equipment, and the safety of the device is ensured; in addition, the equipment is simple in components, easy to realize and good in economy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a response law of a hard relaxation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the automatic control device of the present application;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides an automatic control device suitable for high flow rate relaxation energy utilization, which is composed of a variable excitation generator 1, a torque-rotation angle sensor 2, a rotation shaft A3A, a rotation shaft B3B, a bearing group A4A, a bearing group B4B, a support bracket 5, a gear 6, a rack 7, a synchronous wheel A8A, a synchronous wheel B8B, a synchronous belt 9, a clutch 10, a servo motor 11, an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply 12, a PLC controller 13, a flow rate sensor 14, electric equipment 15, a communication line 16A, a communication line 16B, a communication line 16C, a communication line 16D, a communication line 16E, a communication line 16F, a separately excited power supply line 17, an electric energy output line 18, a vibrator 19, a force transmission plate 20, a transmission plate 21, and a transmission rod 22.
The connection mode of each device is as follows: the rotating shaft A3A coaxially rotates with the variable excitation generator, the torque-rotation angle sensor 2, the bearing group A4A, the gear 6 and the synchronous wheel A8A; the bearing group A4A consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft A3A is fixed on the supporting bracket 5; the rotating shaft B3B coaxially rotates with the bearing group B4B, the synchronous wheel B8B, the clutch 10 and the servo motor 11; the bearing group B4B consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft B3B is fixed on the supporting bracket 5; the synchronizing wheel A8A is connected with the synchronizing wheel B8B through the synchronizing belt 9, so that the synchronizing wheel A8A and the synchronizing wheel B8B synchronously move to drive the rotating shaft A3A and the rotating shaft B3B to synchronously rotate.
The rack 7 is fixedly connected with the transmission plate 21 through a transmission rod 22 and meshed with the gear 6; the transmission plate 21 is fixed on a sliding block 24 through a transmission rod 22, the sliding block 24 is limited to move up and down in a sliding rail 23, and the sliding rail 23 is fixed on a supporting frame 25; a plurality of springs 26 are arranged between the transmission plate 21 and the supporting frame 25 to provide restoring force for the up-and-down vibration of the vibrator 19; the vibrator 19 is fixed with the transmission plate 21 through the transmission plate 20; when the incoming flow 27 passes through the vibrator 19, the vibrator 19 drives the force transfer plate 20 to move up and down, and the force transfer plate 20 drives the transmission plate 21 to move up and down; the transmission plate 21 drives the rack 7 to move up and down; the rack 7 drives the rotating shafts A3A and B3B to reciprocate and rotate, and finally drives the variable excitation generator 1 to rotate and generate electricity.
The electric energy output and electric control connection mode is as follows: the variable excitation generator 1 transmits converted electric energy to the electric equipment 15 through an electric energy output line 18; the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 transmits excitation voltage and current to the variable excitation generator 1 through a separate excitation power line 17; the torque-rotation angle sensor 2 transmits torque and rotation angle signals to the PLC controller 13 through a communication line 16A; the flow sensor 14 transmits a flow 27 flow rate signal to the PLC controller 13 via communication line 16B; the electric equipment 15 transmits the energy conversion signal to the PLC 13 through a communication line 16C; the PLC controller 13 transmits a clutch execution signal to the clutch 10 through the communication line 16D; the PLC controller 13 transmits a servo motor execution signal to the servo motor 11 through the communication line 16E; the PLC controller 13 transmits an external adjustable excitation power supply execution signal to the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 through the communication line 16F.
Specifically, in this embodiment: the vibrator 19 is a regular triangular prism, the side length is 10cm, the length perpendicular to the water flow direction is 1m, and the material is organic glass; the force transfer plate 20 is an aluminum plate, and the thickness is 1cm; the transmission plate is an aluminum plate, and the thickness is 1cm; the four sliding blocks 24 are adopted to limit the vibration displacement together; the supporting frame 25 is of steel structure; the maximum power of the excitation generator 1 is changed to 150W, and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 outputs a voltage-stabilizing direct current voltage range of 0-200V; the measurement range of the flow rate sensor 14 is 0-3 m/s; a clutch 10; a servo motor 11; voltage range the maximum power output of the above-mentioned facilities is 100W.
Specifically, the control method of the automatic control device suitable for high-flow-rate relaxation energy utilization is as follows:
(1) When the flow rate of the incoming flow 27 is high and the vibrator 19 is in a large-amplitude relaxation state, the exciting voltage/current transmitted to the variable excitation generator 1 by the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 is large, the electric energy transmitted to the electric equipment 15 by the variable excitation generator 1 is high, the energy utilization is good, and the control mode is as follows:
the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC 13, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch 10 is disconnected, the servo motor 11 does not act, and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 maintains excitation voltage/current;
the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation.
(2) When the flow rate of the incoming flow 27 fluctuates (suddenly decreases or suddenly increases or suddenly negligibly decreases) but still maintains a larger flow rate, the vibration of the vibrator 19 is suppressed, the vibration amplitude of the vibrator 19 decreases, at this time, the exciting voltage/current transmitted to the variable excitation generator 1 by the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 is still larger, the vibrator 19 cannot generate relaxation vibration, the energy utilization effect is poor, and at this time, the control mode is as follows: the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC 13, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch 10 is disconnected, the servo motor 11 does not act, and the exciting voltage/current of the externally connected adjustable exciting power supply 12 is adjusted to zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation.
If the vibrator 19 then gradually generates relaxation, the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC controller 13, and the determination is performed after the calculation: the clutch 10 is disconnected, the servo motor 11 does not act, and the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply 12 gradually increases excitation voltage/current to a target value; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually therewith and eventually maintains a stable high energy output;
if the vibrator 19 does not generate the relaxation, the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC 13, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: firstly, the clutch 10 is connected, then the servo motor 11 provides an initial large amplitude for the vibrator 19, then the clutch 10 is suddenly disconnected, and meanwhile, the exciting voltage/current of the externally connected adjustable exciting power supply 12 is maintained at zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation.
The vibrator 19 is suddenly released, and has large amplitude, and relaxation occurs; at this time, the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal, and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC controller 13, and the determination is made after the calculation: the clutch 10 is disconnected, the servo motor 11 does not act, and the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply 12 gradually increases excitation voltage/current to a target value; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation.
As the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually therewith and eventually maintains a stable high energy output;
(3) When the flow velocity of the incoming flow 27 steadily increases or decreases, the vibration of the vibrator 19 increases or decreases, the energy utilization effect changes, and the control mode is as follows:
the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque/rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC 13, and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch 10 is disconnected, the servo motor 11 does not act, and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 increases or decreases the excitation voltage/current; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases or decreases accordingly and remains stable gradually;
if the amplitude, the power and the flow rate do not reach the targets in the adjustment process, executing the operation in the step (2);
(4) If an emergency occurs, the machine needs to be stopped, and the control mode is as follows:
according to the shutdown requirement, the PLC controller 13 determines after solving: the clutch 10 is connected, the servo motor 11 provides resistance for the vibrator 19 to force the vibrator to stop vibrating, and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 is used for adjusting excitation voltage/current to zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to the clutch 10, the servo motor 11 and the external adjustable excitation power supply 12 to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the vibrator 19 is vibrated and stopped, the output energy is zero, and the stop is completed.
The application is not limited to the embodiments described above. The above description of specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical aspects of the present application, and is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting. Numerous specific modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application and scope of the claims, which are within the scope of the application.
Claims (3)
1. The automatic control device suitable for high-flow-rate flyback energy utilization is characterized by comprising a variable excitation generator (1), a torque-rotation angle sensor (2), a rotating shaft A (3A), a rotating shaft B (3B), a bearing group A (4A), a bearing group B (4B), a supporting bracket (5), a gear (6), a rack (7), a synchronous wheel A (8A), a synchronous wheel B (8B), a synchronous belt (9), a clutch (10), a servo motor (11), an externally-connected adjustable excitation power supply (12), a PLC (programmable logic controller) (13), a flow rate sensor (14), electric equipment (15), a communication line, a separately-excited power supply line (17), an electric energy output line (18), a vibrator (19), a force transmission plate (20), a transmission plate (21) and a transmission rod (22);
the rotating shaft A (3A) coaxially rotates with the variable excitation generator (1), the torque-rotation angle sensor (2), the bearing group A (4A), the gear (6) and the synchronous wheel A (8A); the bearing group A (4A) consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft A (3A) is fixed on the supporting bracket (5); the rotating shaft B (3B) coaxially rotates with the bearing group B (4B), the synchronous wheel B (8B), the clutch 10 and the servo motor (11); the bearing group B (4B) consists of two sets of bearings, and the rotating shaft B (3B) is fixed on the supporting bracket (5); the synchronous wheel A (8A) is connected with the synchronous wheel B (8B) through a synchronous belt (9), so that the synchronous wheel A (8A) and the synchronous wheel B (8B) can synchronously move to drive the rotating shaft A (3A) and the rotating shaft B (3B) to synchronously rotate;
the rack (7) is fixedly connected with the transmission plate (21) through a transmission rod (22) and meshed with the gear (6); the transmission plate (21) is also connected with a sliding block (24) through a transmission rod (22), the sliding block (24) is limited in a sliding rail (23) to move up and down, and the sliding rail (23) is fixed on a supporting frame (25); a plurality of springs (26) are arranged between the transmission plate (21) and the supporting frame (25) to provide restoring force for the up-and-down vibration of the vibrator (19); the vibrator (19) is fixed with the transmission plate (21) through the force transmission plate (20); when the incoming flow (27) passes through the vibrator (19), the vibrator (19) drives the force transmission plate (20) to move up and down, and the force transmission plate (20) drives the transmission plate (21) to move up and down; the transmission plate (21) drives the rack (7) to move up and down; the rack (7) drives the rotating shaft A (3A) and the rotating shaft B (3B) to reciprocate and rotate, and finally drives the variable excitation generator (1) to rotate and generate electricity;
the variable excitation generator (1) transmits converted electric energy to electric equipment (15) through an electric energy output line (18); an external adjustable excitation power supply (12) transmits excitation voltage and current to the variable excitation generator (1) through a separate excitation power line (17); the torque-rotation angle sensor (2) transmits torque and rotation angle signals to the PLC (13) through a communication line; the flow rate sensor (14) transmits a flow rate signal of the flow (27) to the PLC controller (13) through a communication line; the electric equipment (15) transmits the energy conversion signal to the PLC (13) through a communication line; the PLC (13) transmits a clutch execution signal to the clutch (10) through a communication line; the PLC (13) transmits a servo motor execution signal to the servo motor (11) through a communication line; the PLC (13) transmits an external adjustable excitation power supply execution signal to the external adjustable excitation power supply (12) through a communication line.
2. The automatic control device for high flow rate relaxation energy utilization according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control device comprises a communication wire for transmitting torque and rotation angle signals, a communication wire for transmitting flow rate signal, a communication wire for transmitting electric energy conversion signals, a communication wire for transmitting clutch execution signals, a communication wire for transmitting servo motor execution signals and a communication wire for transmitting external adjustable excitation power supply execution signals.
3. An automatic control method suitable for high flow rate relaxation energy utilization, based on the automatic control device suitable for high flow rate relaxation energy utilization according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising:
(1) When the flow velocity of the incoming flow (27) is high and the vibrator (19) is in a relaxation state, the control mode is as follows:
the flow velocity signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to a PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch (10) is disconnected, the servo motor (11) does not act, and the external adjustable excitation power supply (12) maintains excitation voltage and current;
the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
(2) When the flow velocity of the incoming flow (27) fluctuates, the vibration of the vibrator (19) is restrained, the vibration amplitude of the vibrator (19) is reduced, the vibrator (19) cannot generate relaxation, and the control mode is as follows:
the flow velocity signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to a PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch (10) is disconnected, the servo motor (11) does not act, and the exciting voltage and the exciting current of the externally connected adjustable exciting power supply (12) are adjusted to zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
if the vibrator (19) gradually generates relaxation, the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch (10) is disconnected, the servo motor (11) does not act, and the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) gradually increases excitation voltage and current to target values; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually and eventually maintains a steady energy output;
if the vibrator (19) does not generate relaxation, the flow speed signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to the PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: firstly, the clutch (10) is connected, then the servo motor (11) provides an initial amplitude for the vibrator (19), then the clutch (10) is suddenly disconnected, and meanwhile, the exciting voltage and the exciting current of the externally connected adjustable exciting power supply (12) are maintained to be zero; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
the vibrator (19) is suddenly released, and the vibration amplitude is generated, so that the relaxation vibration is generated; at this time, the flow rate signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to a PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch (10) is disconnected, the servo motor (11) does not act, and the externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) gradually increases excitation voltage and current to target values; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases gradually therewith and eventually maintains a stable energy output;
(3) When the flow speed of the incoming flow (27) is steadily increased or reduced, the vibration of the vibrator (19) is increased or reduced, the energy utilization effect is changed, and the control mode is as follows:
the flow velocity signal, the electric energy conversion signal and the torque-rotation angle signal are transmitted to a PLC (13), and the determination is carried out after the calculation: the clutch (10) is disconnected, the servo motor (11) does not act, and the external adjustable excitation power supply (12) increases or decreases the excitation voltage and current; the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation;
as the operation is performed, the output power increases or decreases accordingly and remains stable gradually;
if the amplitude, the power and the flow rate do not reach the targets in the adjustment process, executing the operation in the step (2);
(4) If emergency stop is needed, the control mode is as follows:
according to the shutdown requirement, the PLC (13) determines after solving: the clutch (10) is connected, the servo motor (11) provides resistance for the vibrator (19) to force the vibrator to stop vibrating, and the external adjustable excitation power supply (12) adjusts excitation voltage and current to zero;
the signals are respectively transmitted to a clutch (10), a servo motor (11) and an externally connected adjustable excitation power supply (12) to execute operation; with the execution of the operation, the vibrator (19) vibration is stopped, the output energy is zero, and the shutdown is completed.
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