CN116577784B - Synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method and device based on Fresnel diffraction zone - Google Patents
Synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method and device based on Fresnel diffraction zone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method and device based on a Fresnel diffraction zone, which relate to the technical field of signal processing and comprise the following steps: acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar; determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number; if the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and an objective function, so as to obtain the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar after compensation; and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar. When the imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is a Fresnel diffraction area, the phase compensation is carried out on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar, so that the defocusing problem caused by imaging in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal processing, in particular to a synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method and device based on a Fresnel diffraction zone.
Background
The synthetic aperture radar SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) three-dimensional imaging technology can eliminate the overlay mask generated on the two-dimensional image by the target and the terrain, and remarkably improves the discovery, identification and three-dimensional modeling capability of the target. SAR microwave visual imaging is developed by an SAR three-dimensional imaging technology, and based on the existing SAR three-dimensional imaging geometric physical information, the scattering mechanism of SAR echo and visual semantic information of images are fully excavated, and the available information quantity of three-dimensional imaging is increased, so that the requirement on the observation times is reduced, and finally, high-efficiency and low-cost three-dimensional imaging is realized.
In the related art, three-dimensional imaging is generally performed using a geometric model of TomoSAR (Tomographic SAR, tomosynthesis aperture radar) three-dimensional imaging system, but the influence of a phase term is ignored in the imaging process, thereby causing a defocus problem in imaging in a diagonal direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a three-dimensional imaging method and device for a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone, which avoid the defocus problem caused by imaging in the oblique vertical direction by performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar when the imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is the fresnel diffraction zone.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for three-dimensional imaging of a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone, including: acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar; determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number; if the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and an objective function, so as to obtain the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar after compensation; and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determining the imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the predetermined fresnel number includes: determining the Fresnel number based on the wavelength of microwaves, the distance of microwave imaging and the size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the inclined distance; and determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the Fresnel number.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase compensation method for the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of the microwave emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the oblique vertical direction, the wavelength of the microwave, the imaging distance of the microwave and the objective function includes: determining the signal frequency of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the inclined distance based on the imaging position of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwaves and the imaging distance of the microwaves; and carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phase compensation for the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function includes: the maximum signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance is determined based on the range of the microwave imaged in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the distance of the microwave imaged by the following formula: Wherein f max is the maximum signal frequency, 2a is the imaging range of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the slant distance, lambda is the wavelength of the microwaves, and r is the imaging distance of the microwaves; determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function; performing frequency spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factors to obtain phase compensation factors; and carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the phase compensation factor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determining the initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency and the objective function includes: the signal frequency is rewritten based on the maximum signal frequency by the following equation: Wherein f s is the signal frequency, f max is the maximum signal frequency,/> 2A is the imaging range of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, lambda is the wavelength of the microwaves, and r is the imaging distance of the microwaves; determining an initial compensation factor based on the rewritten signal frequency and the objective function by the following equation: /(I)Wherein P (f s) is an initial compensation factor,/>The signal frequency after rewriting is the conjugate operation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the performing the spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factor to obtain the phase compensation factor includes: normalizing the maximum signal frequency and the signal frequency to obtain a normalized frequency by the following formula: Wherein f is a normalized frequency, f s is a signal frequency, and f max is a maximum signal frequency; the phase compensation factor is derived based on the normalized frequency and the initial compensation factor by the following equation: /(I) Wherein p (f) is a phase compensation factor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar are plural, and the compressed sensing imaging is performed on the compensated two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain three-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar, including: determining a compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar based on the plurality of compensated two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar; and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a three-dimensional imaging device for a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction region, including: the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar; the imaging area determining module is used for determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number; the phase compensation module is used for carrying out phase compensation on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and the objective function if the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, so as to obtain the compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image; and the compressed sensing imaging module is used for performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores computer executable instructions executable by the processor, where the processor executes the computer executable instructions to implement the method for three-dimensional imaging of a synthetic aperture radar based on fresnel diffraction zones of the self-mobile device according to the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the above-described method for three-dimensional imaging of synthetic aperture radar based on fresnel diffraction zones.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The embodiment of the invention provides a synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method and device based on a Fresnel diffraction zone.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, or in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the techniques of the disclosure.
The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the geometric relationship of diffraction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another three-dimensional imaging method of a synthetic aperture radar based on a Fresnel diffraction region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of another three-dimensional imaging method of a synthetic aperture radar based on a Fresnel diffraction region according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional imaging device of a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The synthetic aperture radar SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) three-dimensional imaging technology can eliminate the overlay mask generated on the two-dimensional image by the target and the terrain, and remarkably improves the discovery, identification and three-dimensional modeling capability of the target. SAR microwave visual imaging is developed by an SAR three-dimensional imaging technology, and based on the existing SAR three-dimensional imaging geometric physical information, the scattering mechanism of SAR echo and visual semantic information of images are fully excavated, and the available information quantity of three-dimensional imaging is increased, so that the requirement on the observation times is reduced, and finally, high-efficiency and low-cost three-dimensional imaging is realized.
In the related art, three-dimensional imaging is generally performed using a geometric model of TomoSAR (Tomographic SAR, tomosynthesis aperture radar) three-dimensional imaging system, but the influence of a phase term is ignored in the imaging process, thereby causing a defocus problem in imaging in a diagonal direction.
For the convenience of understanding, the derivation process of finding technical problems will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geometric model of a TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, where B represents the longest baseline along the oblique vertical, α i represents the baseline tilt angle of the i-th phase center S i, S is the oblique vertical, and the oblique vertical S is parallel to the vertical baseline direction B.
Further, as shown by the geometric model of the TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system, all the ground object scattering points on the oblique vertical s can fall in the same distance-azimuth unit, the three-dimensional mathematical model of the SAR image acquired by the ith SAR two-dimensional signal image receiver can be expressed as equation (1) by simplification:
wherein r i (r, S) represents the distance from the scattering point sigma (x, r, S) on the slant-distance vertical S to the phase center S i, S i (x, r) represents the SAR two-dimensional signal image after two-dimensional imaging, and a represents the value interval of the slant-distance vertical.
Since equation (1) does not show a mathematical relationship reflecting the vertical of the skew as a variable, the distance of TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging according to the geometric relationship shown in fig. 1 can be expressed as equation (2):
Further, in the geometric model of the SAR three-dimensional imaging system, the oblique vertical s is the third dimension, the second-order taylor expansion is performed on the position s=0 in the equation (2), and the mathematical equivalent model of the distance of the SAR three-dimensional imaging can be approximated to the equation (3):
Wherein due to And r i(r,0)≈r,ri (r, 0) > s, thus having formula (4):
Further, the three-dimensional mathematical model of the SAR image can be expressed as equation (5):
wherein, The phase factor representing the formation of the slope distance from the base line to the phase center of the geometric model of the TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system is independent of the slope distance vertical s, so that the equation (5) can be declassified through the equation (6), and after declassification, the third dimension is subjected to tomography, and at the moment, the part related to the third dimension space variable s can be independently written into the equation (7):
Order the Equation (7) can be written as equation (8):
It can be seen that g (x, r, f i) is the fourier transform of the complex back-scatter γ(s) at f=f i. N SAR two-dimensional images are written into a vector form, and the following formula (9) is given:
G＝[g(x,r,f0),g(x,r,f1),…,g(x,r,fN-1)]T (9)
Discretizing the equation (9) to obtain an equation (10):
considering the noise problem of two-dimensional images, equation (10) can be abbreviated as equation (10):
G＝AN×Lγ+n (11)
wherein,
γ＝[γ(s0) γ(s1) … γ(sL-1)]T
n＝[n0 n1 … nN-1]T
The matrix A N×L is constructed by a geometric model of a TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system formed by N SAR two-dimensional images by preprocessing the N SAR two-dimensional signal images to obtain a vector G, wherein N is noise. Therefore, by solving the gamma vector in the equation (11), the back scattering σ (x, r, s i) (i=0, 1, …, L-1) in the tilt-vertical direction in a certain range-azimuth unit can be constructed by taking a modulus value for each element of the gamma vector. The modulus of each element of the gamma vector in equation (11), i.e., σ (x, r, s i) (i=0, 1, …, L-1), can then be directly solved based on a compressed sensing method, such as the L1 norm method, to obtain a three-dimensional image.
The inventors have found, however, that by diffraction principles in optical imaging, the light is scattered back again When solving, the phase term/>, is ignoredAnd thus may cause a defocus problem caused when imaging in the oblique vertical direction.
For ease of understanding, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the geometric relationship of diffraction provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, in optical imaging, the diffraction aperture is in the (ζ, η) plane, illuminated in the positive z-direction, the wave field of the diffraction aperture is denoted as U (ζ, η, 0), and the wave field on the (x, y) plane parallel to the (ζ, η) plane and at a distance z from the normal can be expressed as equation (12):
Where k is the wave number.
Further, the expression (12) is transformed by the expression (13) to obtain the expression (14):
wherein L ξ,Lη represents the length of the aperture in the (ζ, η) plane, respectively.
Specifically, as can be seen from the expression (14), in the synthetic aperture radar tomography, the range direction r and the range vertical direction s are considered, the range direction is equivalent to the z direction in fig. 2, the range vertical direction s is equivalent to the y direction in fig. 2, and the azimuth direction x is equivalent to the x direction in fig. 2. Since the distance direction and the azimuth direction have already been imaged at the time of imaging, only the skew vertical direction s needs to be considered, and hence the expression (15) is obtained:
fourier transforming the oblique distance vertical s at two sides of the formula (15) in a limited interval [ -a, a ] and rewriting to obtain a formula (16):
It will be appreciated that equation (16) can be considered as a fourier transform of the scattering point γ(s) falling vertically within the same range-azimuth unit, and also as a fourier transform of the scattering point σ [ x, r, U (s, r) ]=1 superimposed within the range-azimuth unit and a chirp signal Fourier transform of the echo after action. It can be seen that to obtain the scattering points σ (x, r, s) with a vertical focus at a slant distance, matched filtering is required, otherwise, the imaging result is defocused, and the core problem of matched filtering is phase compensation.
Specifically, a case in the fresnel diffraction zone and in the fraunhofer diffraction zone will be discussed:
1) If in the Fresnel diffraction region, equation (14) can be written simply as equation (17):
Wave number Substituting into equation (17) to obtain equation (18): substitution algorithm (17)
Wherein,Representing the fresnel integral, which can be obtained by calculation. Since the local spatial frequency and the spatial frequency are equivalent in the fresnel diffraction region, the expression (20) is obtained by substituting the expression (19) into the expression (18):
let equation (20) equal G (f) to obtain equation (21):
fourier transforming the oblique distance vertical s at both sides of the equation (20) in a finite interval [ -a, a ] to obtain an equation (22):
2) If in the fraunhofer diffraction region, equation (14) can be expressed as equation (23):
Wave number Substituting into equation (23) to obtain equation (24):
Fourier transforming the oblique distance vertical s at two sides of the formula (24) in a limited interval [ -a, a ] to obtain a formula (25):
By comparing equation (22) and equation (25), it is clear that the phase is greatly different in the result of the oblique vertical fourier transform, and the main factor of the defocus problem due to the rapid phase change caused by the fact that 2 sin c (2 pi af) is a real number is G (f).
Therefore, in three-dimensional imaging, inversion is performed by using a compressed sensing method because sampling at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is often impossible. When the Fraunhofer diffraction condition is met, inversion can be directly carried out by adopting a compressed sensing method, but when the Fresnel diffraction condition is met, the phase compensation is carried out on G (f), and then inversion is carried out by adopting a compressed sensing imaging method, so that a focused imaging result can be obtained.
Based on the above, the method and the device for three-dimensional imaging of the synthetic aperture radar based on the Fresnel diffraction zone provided by the embodiment of the invention can obtain the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar by performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar by utilizing the position of microwave emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwave, the distance of microwave imaging and the objective function when the imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is the Fresnel diffraction zone, and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar, so that the three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is obtained, and the defocusing problem caused when imaging in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is avoided.
For the sake of understanding the present embodiment, first, a method for three-dimensional imaging of a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone disclosed in the present embodiment will be described in detail.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on a Fresnel diffraction zone, which is shown in a flow chart of the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone in fig. 3, and the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone can comprise the following steps:
Step S301, acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
The synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image is directly obtained through a geometric model of a TomoSAR three-dimensional imaging system, specifically, the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image is any SAR two-dimensional image of N SAR two-dimensional images in the above formula (9).
Step S302, determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number.
Specifically, determining the imaging region of the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the predetermined fresnel number may include: determining the Fresnel number based on the wavelength of microwaves, the distance of microwave imaging and the size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the inclined distance; and determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the Fresnel number.
Wherein, the Fresnel number can be determined by the calculation formula (26) based on the wavelength of the microwave, the distance of microwave imaging and the synthetic aperture size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the inclined distance:
wherein F SAR represents the Fresnel number, lambda represents the wavelength of microwaves, r represents the distance of microwave imaging, and L s represents the synthetic aperture size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the slant distance.
Specifically, the size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the pitch may be the length of the longest base line along the vertical direction of the pitch, as can be seen from fig. 1. The wavelength of the microwaves, the distance of microwave imaging, can be obtained directly by inputting TomoSAR parameters of the geometric model of the three-dimensional imaging system.
The imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar can be a fraunhofer diffraction area and a fresnel diffraction area, specifically, when F SAR <1, the imaging area is the fraunhofer diffraction area, and when F SAR >1, the imaging area is the fresnel diffraction area.
Step S303, if the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, performing phase compensation on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and the objective function, and obtaining the compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image.
When the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is considered to be required to be subjected to phase compensation, and when the imaging area is a Fraunhofer diffraction area, the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is considered to be not required to be subjected to phase compensation.
Specifically, the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance is determined according to the imaging position of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave, the phase compensation factor is determined according to the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance and the objective function, and the phase compensation is carried out on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar according to the phase compensation factor.
Wherein the objective function is the above expression (21).
And step S304, performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
Specifically, the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is multiple, compressed sensing imaging is performed on the two-dimensional signal image of the compensated synthetic aperture radar, and the obtaining of the three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar may include: determining a compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar based on the plurality of compensated two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar; and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
The two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar are a plurality of, namely N SAR two-dimensional images in the above formula (9).
According to the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone, when the imaging area of the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image is the Fresnel diffraction zone, the phase compensation is carried out on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image by utilizing the position of microwave emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwave, the distance of microwave imaging and the objective function, and the compressed sensing imaging is carried out on the compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image, so that the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional signal image is obtained, and the defocusing problem caused when imaging in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is avoided.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention also provides a synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone; the method is realized on the basis of the method of the embodiment; the method mainly describes a specific implementation mode for carrying out phase compensation on a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and an objective function.
Still another method for three-dimensional imaging of a synthetic aperture radar based on fresnel diffraction zones, as shown in fig. 4, may include the steps of:
In step S401, the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance is determined based on the imaging position of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave.
Specifically, the signal frequency of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance can be determined by the equation (27) based on the position of the microwaves imaged in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, and the distance of the microwaves imaged:
wherein f s represents the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, s represents the imaging position of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, lambda represents the wavelength of the microwave, and r represents the imaging distance of the microwave.
And step S402, performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function.
Specifically, the phase compensation can be performed on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function through the steps A1-A4.
Step A1, determining the maximum signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance based on the imaging range of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave through an expression (28):
Where f max denotes the maximum signal frequency, 2a denotes the range of microwave imaging in the oblique vertical direction, λ denotes the wavelength of the microwave, and r denotes the distance of microwave imaging.
Step A2, determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency and the objective function.
Specifically, the initial compensation factor may be determined based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function through steps a 21-a 22.
Step a21, rewriting the signal frequency based on the maximum signal frequency by the expression (29):
Where f s denotes the signal frequency, f max denotes the maximum signal frequency, 2A represents the imaging range of the microwaves in the oblique vertical direction, lambda represents the wavelength of the microwaves, and r represents the imaging distance of the microwaves.
Specifically, the range of microwave imaging in the oblique vertical direction is determined by the minimum baseline along the oblique vertical direction, and the range of microwave imaging in the oblique vertical direction is determined based on the minimum baseline by the expression (30):
Where 2a represents the range of microwave imaging in the oblique vertical direction, λ represents the wavelength of the microwave, r represents the distance of microwave imaging, and b 1 represents the minimum baseline.
Step a22 of determining an initial compensation factor based on the rewritten signal frequency and the objective function by the expression (31):
Wherein P (f s) represents an initial compensation factor, Indicating the frequency of the signal after overwriting, indicating the conjugate taking operation.
And step A3, performing frequency spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factors to obtain phase compensation factors.
Specifically, the initial compensation factor may be subjected to spectrum normalization processing through steps a 31-a 32 to obtain the phase compensation factor.
Step A31, normalizing the maximum signal frequency and the signal frequency by the expression (32) to obtain a normalized frequency:
Where f represents the normalized frequency, f s represents the signal frequency, and f max represents the maximum signal frequency.
Step a32, obtaining a phase compensation factor based on the normalized frequency and the initial compensation factor by equation (33):
wherein P (f) represents a phase compensation factor. Specifically, the phase compensation factor may be represented by equation (34):
wherein, Representing the fresnel integral, which can be obtained by calculation.
Further, utilizeEquivalent equation (34) is performed to obtain equation (35):
and step A4, performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the phase compensation factor.
Specifically, the phase compensation is performed on each two-dimensional signal image g (x, r, f i) of the synthetic aperture radar in the above formula (9), that is, the operation of g (x, r, f i)P(fi) is completed, and then the phase compensation is considered to be completed.
Wherein the value of f i can be obtained by calculation of equation (36):
Where f i denotes the normalized spectrum, B 1 denotes the minimum baseline, and B denotes the longest baseline along the oblique direction.
According to the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone, a specific calculation formula for carrying out phase compensation on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and the objective function is defined, so that the phase compensation is carried out on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image, and the defocusing problem caused during imaging in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is avoided.
Example 3
Corresponding to the above method embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional imaging device for a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic structural diagram of the three-dimensional imaging device for a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone, and the three-dimensional imaging device for a synthetic aperture radar based on a fresnel diffraction zone includes:
the image acquisition module 501 is configured to acquire a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
The imaging region determining module 502 is configured to determine an imaging region of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined fresnel number.
The phase compensation module 503 is configured to perform phase compensation on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the position of the microwave emitted by the synthetic aperture radar imaged in the oblique vertical direction, the wavelength of the microwave, the distance of microwave imaging, and the objective function if the imaging area is the fresnel diffraction area, and obtain the compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image.
The compressed sensing imaging module 504 is configured to perform compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar, so as to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
According to the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging device based on the Fresnel diffraction zone, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image can be obtained by acquiring the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image, when the imaging zone of the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image is the Fresnel diffraction zone, the phase compensation is carried out on the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image by utilizing the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the distance of the microwave imaging and the objective function, and the compressed sensing imaging is carried out on the compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image, so that the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional signal image is obtained, and the defocusing problem caused when imaging in the vertical direction of the oblique distance is avoided.
In some embodiments, the imaging region determining module is further configured to determine the fresnel number based on a wavelength of the microwaves, a distance of the microwave imaging, and a synthetic aperture size of the synthetic aperture radar in a vertical direction of the slant distance; and determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the Fresnel number.
In some embodiments, the phase compensation module is further configured to determine a signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the skew based on a position of the microwave imaged in the vertical direction of the skew, a wavelength of the microwave, and a distance of the microwave imaged; and carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function.
In some embodiments, the phase compensation module is further configured to determine a maximum signal frequency of the microwave in the standoff direction based on a range of the microwave imaged in the standoff direction, a wavelength of the microwave, and a distance of the microwave imaged by: Wherein f max is the maximum signal frequency, 2a is the imaging range of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the slant distance, lambda is the wavelength of the microwaves, and r is the imaging distance of the microwaves; determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function; performing frequency spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factors to obtain phase compensation factors; and carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the phase compensation factor. /(I)
In some embodiments, the phase compensation module is further configured to rewrite the signal frequency based on the maximum signal frequency by: Wherein f s is the signal frequency, f max is the maximum signal frequency,/> 2A is the imaging range of the microwaves in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, lambda is the wavelength of the microwaves, and r is the imaging distance of the microwaves; determining an initial compensation factor based on the rewritten signal frequency and the objective function by the following equation: /(I)Wherein P (f s) is an initial compensation factor,/>The signal frequency after rewriting is the conjugate operation.
In some embodiments, the phase compensation module is further configured to normalize the maximum signal frequency and the signal frequency to obtain a normalized frequency by: Wherein f is a normalized frequency, f s is a signal frequency, and f max is a maximum signal frequency; the phase compensation factor is derived based on the normalized frequency and the initial compensation factor by the following equation: wherein P (f) is a phase compensation factor.
In some embodiments, the compressed sensing imaging module is further configured to determine a compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image vector based on the plurality of compensated synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal images; and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
The device provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the same implementation principle and technical effects as those of the foregoing method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing method embodiment where the device embodiment is not mentioned.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment which is used for running the synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the Fresnel diffraction zone; referring to the schematic structural diagram of an electronic device shown in fig. 6, the electronic device includes a memory 600 and a processor 601, where the memory 600 is configured to store one or more computer instructions, and the one or more computer instructions are executed by the processor 601 to implement the above-mentioned method for three-dimensional imaging of a synthetic aperture radar based on fresnel diffraction zones.
Further, the electronic device shown in fig. 6 further includes a bus 602 and a communication interface 603, and the processor 601, the communication interface 603, and the memory 600 are connected through the bus 602.
The memory 600 may include a high-speed random access memory (RAM, random Access Memory), and may further include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory. The communication connection between the system network element and at least one other network element is implemented via at least one communication interface 603 (which may be wired or wireless), which may use the internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, etc. Bus 602 may be an ISA bus, a PCI bus, an EISA bus, or the like. The buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, only one bi-directional arrow is shown in FIG. 4, but not only one bus or type of bus.
The processor 601 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in the processor 601 or instructions in the form of software. The processor 601 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, abbreviated as NP), and the like; but may also be a digital signal Processor (DIGITAL SIGNAL Processor, DSP), application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), field-Programmable gate array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps, and logic blocks in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied directly in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or in the execution of a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory 600 and the processor 601 reads the information in the memory 600 and in combination with its hardware performs the steps of the method of the previous embodiment.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores computer executable instructions that, when being called and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the above-mentioned synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on the fresnel diffraction zone, and the specific implementation can be seen in the method embodiment and will not be described herein.
The computer program product for performing the three-dimensional imaging method of the synthetic aperture radar based on the fresnel diffraction zone provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a computer readable storage medium storing non-volatile program codes executable by a processor, wherein the instructions included in the program codes can be used for executing the method described in the method embodiment, and specific implementation can be seen from the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.
In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, comprising several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method based on fresnel diffraction zones, comprising:
Acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
Determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number;
If the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and an objective function to obtain a compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
Performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
the phase compensation is performed on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of the microwave emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwave, the imaging distance of the microwave and an objective function, and the phase compensation method comprises the following steps:
Determining the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance based on the imaging position of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave;
performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function;
The phase compensation of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function comprises the following steps:
determining the maximum signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance based on the imaging range of the microwave in the vertical direction of the diagonal distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave by the following formula: ; wherein/> For the maximum signal frequency,/>For the range of imaging of the microwaves in the oblique vertical direction,/>For the wavelength of the microwaves,/>A distance for imaging the microwaves;
determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function;
performing frequency spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factors to obtain phase compensation factors;
And carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the phase compensation factor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the imaging region of the synthetic aperture radar two-dimensional signal image based on the predetermined fresnel number comprises:
Determining the Fresnel number based on the wavelength of the microwaves, the distance of the microwave imaging and the synthetic aperture size of the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the inclined distance;
and determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the Fresnel number.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function comprises:
Rewriting the signal frequency based on the maximum signal frequency by:
; wherein/> For the signal frequency,/>For the maximum signal frequency,/>，/>For the range of imaging of the microwaves in the oblique vertical direction,/>For the wavelength of the microwaves,/>A distance for imaging the microwaves;
Determining an initial compensation factor based on the rewritten signal frequency and the objective function by the following equation: （/> ) ; wherein/> For the initial compensation factor, (/ >)) For the rewritten signal frequency, a conjugate operation is taken.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said performing a spectrum normalization process on said initial compensation factor to obtain a phase compensation factor comprises:
Normalizing the maximum signal frequency and the signal frequency to obtain a normalized frequency by the following formula: ; wherein/> For the normalized frequency,/>For the signal frequency,/>For the maximum signal frequency;
Deriving a phase compensation factor based on the normalized frequency and the initial compensation factor by: ; wherein/> Is the phase compensation factor.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar is a plurality of, and the performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar comprises:
Determining a compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar based on a plurality of compensated two-dimensional signal images of the synthetic aperture radar;
and performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image vector of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar.
6. A synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging device based on fresnel diffraction zones, comprising:
The image acquisition module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
The imaging area determining module is used for determining an imaging area of the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on a predetermined Fresnel number;
the phase compensation module is used for carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the imaging position of microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the vertical direction of the oblique distance, the wavelength of the microwaves, the imaging distance of the microwaves and an objective function if the imaging area is a Fresnel diffraction area, so as to obtain a compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
the compressed sensing imaging module is used for performing compressed sensing imaging on the compensated two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar to obtain a three-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar;
the phase compensation module is further used for determining the signal frequency of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance based on the imaging position of the microwave in the vertical direction of the inclined distance, the wavelength of the microwave and the imaging distance of the microwave; performing phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the signal frequency and the objective function;
the phase compensation module is further configured to determine a maximum signal frequency of the microwave in the oblique vertical direction based on a range of the microwave imaged in the oblique vertical direction, a wavelength of the microwave, and a distance of the microwave imaged by the following formula: ; wherein/> For the maximum signal frequency,/>For the range of imaging of the microwaves in the oblique vertical direction,/>For the wavelength of the microwaves,/>A distance for imaging the microwaves; determining an initial compensation factor based on the maximum signal frequency, the signal frequency, and the objective function; performing frequency spectrum normalization processing on the initial compensation factors to obtain phase compensation factors; and carrying out phase compensation on the two-dimensional signal image of the synthetic aperture radar based on the phase compensation factor.
7. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-executable instructions executable by the processor to implement the fresnel diffraction zone-based synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. A computer readable storage medium storing computer executable instructions which, when invoked and executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement the fresnel diffraction zone-based synthetic aperture radar three-dimensional imaging method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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