CN116577415A - Ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects - Google Patents
Ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
- G01N29/4418—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/449—Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The application discloses an ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects, wherein the system comprises a signal generation amplifying module, an annular ultrasonic transducer array, a signal transmission amplifying module and a data processing module; generating an amplified electrical signal by a signal generation amplification module; the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected, and the regular geometric body to be detected comprises a target component and a solid medium wrapping the target component; after converting the amplified electrical signal into an ultrasonic signal by the annular ultrasonic transducer array, transmitting the ultrasonic signal to the target member to receive an echo signal generated by the target member based on the ultrasonic signal; and amplifying the echo signals, then executing imaging operation, and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component. The method solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the ultrasonic waves of most of the sound waves are reflected and transmitted into the component are weak, so that the generated ultrasonic image is low in definition, and the accuracy of the obtained component defect detection result is low.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ultrasonic imaging, in particular to an ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects.
Background
In the field of industrial manufacturing, with the development of various materials and molding technologies, the structural forms of various devices are more and more complex and various, and on the basis of the complex structure, a plurality of punching, threads and different corner positions exist. Most of these complex structural components are important parts for the equipment, such as: turbine blades of an aircraft engine, crankshafts of a motor vehicle engine, etc.
With the continual technological accumulation, workers mostly use an integrally formed forging method to make these components have higher strength to adapt to complex and changeable working environments. However, due to the characteristics of complex surface shape and the like of the structural forms of some components, defects in narrow gaps are difficult to detect.
The current ultrasonic detection methods include direct detection, air coupling, water immersion, special-shaped probes and the like. However, in the methods, the acoustic impedance of the interface between water and the component is large, the attenuation of the air coupling probe is large, and most of the sound waves are reflected and transmitted into the component to be weak, so that the definition of an ultrasonic image generated based on the ultrasonic waves is low, and the accuracy of the obtained component defect detection result is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects, which solve the problems that the detection of complex parts can not be basically finished in the prior art, and most of ultrasonic waves are reflected to be transmitted into the member with weaker ultrasonic waves, so that the definition of an ultrasonic image generated based on the ultrasonic waves is low, and the accuracy of the obtained member defect detection result is low.
An ultrasonic imaging detection system for a component defect provided in a first aspect of the present application, the system comprising: the device comprises a signal generation amplifying module, an annular ultrasonic transducer array, a signal transmission amplifying module and a data processing module;
one end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array is connected with the signal generation amplifying module, and the signal generation amplifying module is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an amplified electric signal;
the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of a regular geometric body to be detected, and the regular geometric body to be detected comprises a target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member;
the annular ultrasonic transducer array is used for transmitting the ultrasonic signal to the target component to receive an echo signal generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signal after converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal;
the other end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array is connected with the signal transmission amplifying module, and the signal transmission amplifying module is used for amplifying the echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals and transmitting the amplified echo signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module is connected with the signal transmission amplifying module and is used for executing imaging operation according to the amplified echo signal and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
Optionally, the annular ultrasonic transducer array includes a plurality of transceiver integrated array elements;
the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected;
the receiving and transmitting integrated array element is used for converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal and receiving the echo signal.
Optionally, the transceiver integrated array element is a contact piezoelectric probe.
Optionally, the annular ultrasonic transducer array is specifically configured to:
converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal through a target transceiver integrated array element, and transmitting the ultrasonic signal to the target member;
receiving the echo signals generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signals through all the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements;
and taking the adjacent all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements as new target all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements, jumping to the step of converting the amplified electric signals into the ultrasonic signals through the target all-in-one receiving and transmitting the ultrasonic signals to the target component until all the all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements convert the amplified electric signals into the ultrasonic signals and transmit the ultrasonic signals to the target component.
Optionally, the signal generating and amplifying module comprises a signal generating module and a power amplifying module which are sequentially connected;
the signal generation module is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an electric signal;
the power amplification module is used for amplifying the electric signal to obtain the amplified electric signal.
Optionally, the signal transmission amplifying module comprises a signal transmission module and a pre-amplifying module which are sequentially connected;
the pre-amplification module is used for amplifying the echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals;
the signal transmission module is used for transmitting the amplified echo signal to the data processing module.
Optionally, the data processing module includes a determining parameter sub-module and an output image sub-module;
the parameter determining sub-module is used for performing linear interpolation on the amplified echo signals, performing parameter updating operation by adopting a preset forward model and the enhanced echo signals after generating the enhanced echo signals, and determining target speed matrix parameters;
and the output image sub-module is used for executing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
Optionally, the determining parameter sub-module is specifically configured to:
performing linear interpolation on the amplified echo signal to generate the enhanced echo signal;
comparing model response data corresponding to the preset forward model with the enhanced echo signal to obtain a data residual error;
carrying out norm regularization on the data residual error to obtain an objective function;
gradient calculation is carried out on the objective function, and a search direction is determined;
substituting the searching direction, the preset step length and the initial velocity matrix parameters corresponding to the preset forward model into a preset updating function for operation to obtain intermediate velocity matrix parameters;
counting the iteration times corresponding to the current moment in real time;
and when the intermediate model parameter meets a preset precision condition or the iteration number reaches a preset maximum number, taking the intermediate speed matrix parameter as the target speed matrix parameter.
Optionally, the output image submodule is specifically configured to:
performing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters, and determining corresponding thickness matrix parameters;
matching pixel values corresponding to elements in the thickness matrix parameters from a preset pixel table;
and constructing the defect ultrasonic image by adopting all pixel values.
A second aspect of the present application provides an ultrasonic imaging detection method for a component defect, which is applied to the ultrasonic imaging detection system for a component defect in any one of the first aspect, and the method includes:
acquiring the volume parameter of a target component, and adopting the volume parameter to match a corresponding preset die;
filling a liquid medium and the target member into the preset die, and obtaining a regular geometric body to be detected through condensation treatment, wherein the regular geometric body to be detected comprises the target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member, and the shortest distance between a first target position of the target member and the surface of the regular geometric body to be detected is within a preset distance range;
and when the regular geometric body to be detected is determined, the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected, defect detection is carried out, and a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component is generated.
From the above technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:
the application provides an ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects, wherein the system comprises a signal generation amplification module, an annular ultrasonic transducer array, a signal transmission amplification module and a data processing module, the member with a complex structure is converted into a regular ice geometric shape, and the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular ice geometric shape corresponding to a target member by utilizing an ice medium as a propagation medium of ultrasonic waves, so that the defect detection process of the complex structure is simplified.
In addition, as ice is utilized for coupling, the sound velocity difference between the ice and the component is reduced, the sound impedance difference when ultrasonic waves excited by the annular ultrasonic transducer array propagate at the interface between the ice and the component is reduced, the energy loss is small, the intensity of defect reflection signals is improved, and deep internal defects can be reached and reflected back to be received by the annular ultrasonic transducer array; the data processing module is used for processing data and reconstructing images according to the received amplified echo signals based on a full waveform inversion algorithm, so that more defect diffraction information, time and maximum amplitude can be considered, the definition of an ultrasonic image generated based on ultrasonic waves is improved, and the ultrasonic imaging precision is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic imaging detection system for component defects according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of exciting ultrasonic signals and receiving echo signals by an annular ultrasonic transducer array according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a preset forward model according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for generating a three-dimensional image of a target member according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of steps of an ultrasonic imaging detection method for a component defect according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Wherein the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1. an annular ultrasonic transducer array; 2. a signal generation module; 3. a signal transmission module; 4. a data processing module; 5. a power amplification module; 6. and a pre-amplification module.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides an ultrasonic imaging detection system and method for member defects, which are used for solving the technical problems that the accuracy of the obtained member defect detection result is low because the ultrasonic image generated based on the ultrasonic waves is low due to the fact that the acoustic impedance of a water-member interface is large, the attenuation of an air coupling probe is large and most of the ultrasonic waves are reflected and transmitted into the member to be weak in the prior art.
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic imaging detection system for detecting defects of a component according to an embodiment of the application.
The application provides an ultrasonic imaging detection system for member defects, which comprises: the device comprises a signal generation amplifying module, an annular ultrasonic transducer array 1, a signal transmission amplifying module and a data processing module 4; one end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is connected with a signal generation amplifying module, and the signal generation amplifying module is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an amplified electric signal; the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of a regular geometric body to be detected, and the regular geometric body to be detected comprises a target component and a solid medium wrapping the target component; the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is used for transmitting ultrasonic signals to a target component to receive echo signals generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signals after converting the amplified electric signals into the ultrasonic signals; the other end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is connected with a signal transmission amplifying module, and the signal transmission amplifying module is used for amplifying echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals and transmitting the amplified echo signals to a data processing module 4; the data processing module 4 is connected with the signal transmission amplifying module, and the data processing module 4 is used for executing imaging operation according to the amplified echo signals and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
It should be noted that the target member is specifically a member with a complex geometry, and is located at the central position of the regular geometric body to be detected; the solid medium is in particular an ice medium.
Further, taking a regular geometric body to be detected as an ice cylinder example: the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is installed on the ice outer wall of a regular geometric body to be detected in a surrounding mode, the position where the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is placed corresponds to the position of a target component, the signal generation and amplification module is connected with the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1, the signal generation and amplification module generates signals and generates ultrasonic signals through the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1, the ultrasonic signals are transmitted along an object to be detected and received by the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1, the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 collects and amplifies the received echo signals through the signal transmission and amplification module and then transmits the echo signals to the data processing module 4, and the data processing module 4 generates a defect ultrasonic image of the object to be detected according to the echo signals based on a full waveform inversion algorithm.
Furthermore, ice is used as coupling, compared with water which is used as coupling, the acoustic impedance of the interface between the detected object and the ice is greatly reduced, most of ultrasonic signal energy can be transmitted to the detected object for detecting defects, the detection effect is better, meanwhile, the use of a different probe, a flexible probe and the like is avoided, and the detection cost is reduced.
In one example of the present application, the annular ultrasound transducer array 1 includes a plurality of transceiver-integrated array elements; the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected; the receiving and transmitting integrated array element is used for converting the amplified electric signal into an ultrasonic signal and receiving an echo signal, wherein the receiving and transmitting integrated array element is a contact piezoelectric probe.
It should be noted that, the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 includes a plurality of receiving and transmitting integrated array elements, and these receiving and transmitting integrated array elements are in the form of ice coupling and evenly spaced and attached to the outer wall of the ice cylinder in the circumferential direction, and the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements are contact type piezoelectric probes with high electromechanical conversion efficiency, and brine is used at the coupling interface to prevent the probes from freezing.
Further, the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 is specifically used for:
converting the amplified electric signal into an ultrasonic signal through a target transceiver integrated array element, and transmitting the ultrasonic signal to a target component; receiving echo signals generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signals through all the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements; and taking the adjacent integrated transceiver array elements as new integrated transceiver array elements, jumping to the step of converting the amplified electric signals into ultrasonic signals through the integrated transceiver array elements, and transmitting the ultrasonic signals to a target component until all the integrated transceiver array elements convert the amplified electric signals into ultrasonic signals and transmit the ultrasonic signals to the target component.
Referring to fig. 2, when the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 works, that is, when in an excitation ultrasonic signal mode, a first transceiver element generates an ultrasonic signal and propagates to a detected object, and when in an echo signal receiving mode, all transceiver elements of the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 sequentially receive returned ultrasonic echo signals until all transceiver elements acquire ultrasonic echo signals at corresponding positions; and then exciting a second transceiving integrated array element, and collecting all ultrasonic echo signals by all transceiving integrated array elements of the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 in the same way, and sequentially circulating until all array elements are excited once, wherein the signal transmission amplification module collects ultrasonic data N x N groups altogether, thereby realizing the full matrix data collection of the measured object.
In one example of the present application, the signal generating and amplifying module includes a signal generating module 2 and a power amplifying module 3 connected in sequence; the signal generation module 2 is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an electric signal; the power amplification module 3 is used for amplifying the electric signal to obtain an amplified electric signal.
After generating an electrical signal by the signal generating module 2 in response to the trigger signal, the electrical signal generated by the signal generating module 2 is amplified by the power amplifying module 3 and then input to the transceiver integrated array element to be excited of the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1.
Further, the signal transmission amplifying module comprises a signal transmission module 3 and a pre-amplifying module 6 which are connected in sequence; the pre-amplification module 6 is used for amplifying the echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals; the signal transmission module 3 is configured to transmit the amplified echo signal to the data processing module 4.
It should be noted that, the pre-amplification module 6 amplifies the ultrasonic echo signals received by all the transceiver array elements and inputs the amplified ultrasonic echo signals to the signal transmission module 3.
In one example of the application, the data processing module 4 comprises a determine parameter sub-module and an output image sub-module;
the parameter determining sub-module is used for carrying out linear interpolation on the amplified echo signals, after generating enhanced echo signals, carrying out parameter updating operation by adopting a preset forward model and the enhanced echo signals, and determining target speed matrix parameters; and the output image sub-module is used for executing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
Further, the parameter determination submodule is specifically configured to:
performing linear interpolation on the amplified echo signals to generate enhanced echo signals; comparing model response data corresponding to a preset forward model with the enhanced echo signal to obtain a data residual error; carrying out norm regularization on the data residual error to obtain an objective function; gradient calculation is carried out on the objective function, and the searching direction is determined; substituting the initial velocity matrix parameters corresponding to the searching direction, the preset step length and the preset forward model into a preset updating function for operation to obtain intermediate velocity matrix parameters; counting the iteration times corresponding to the current moment in real time; and when the intermediate model parameters meet the preset precision conditions or the iteration times reach the preset maximum times, taking the intermediate speed matrix parameters as target speed matrix parameters.
It should be noted that, the full waveform inversion algorithm is adopted to perform imaging processing on the extracted amplified echo signal, and because the data volume is limited by the number of the transceiver array elements, the acquired data volume does not meet the imaging requirement, and based on this situation, it is necessary to perform numerical linear interpolation on the amplified echo signal to obtain enhanced data, that is, enhanced echo signal, so as to increase the data volume.
Referring to fig. 3, when a preset forward model is constructed, firstly, determining a circular calculation area with a radius r as a calculation area, decomposing the calculation area into a plurality of grid units, wherein the number of x-direction cells and z-direction cells is N, selecting a parameter matrix with an ultrasonic wave propagation speed of a parameter m and m being N x N at an object, and in order to prevent interference caused by boundary reflection, arranging an absorption layer 2 at a boundary to effectively absorb the ultrasonic energy and only increase a small amount of calculation amount, as shown in fig. 2, distributing calculation points 1 around the model, wherein the input and model response of the model are both in the position, and the number and the position relationship of the calculation points correspond to the array elements of the transducer array.
Further, when obtaining the model response data, firstly inputting the ultrasonic signal parameters same as the ultrasonic signal excited by the first transceiver element at the first calculation point, initializing the model parameters to m 0 And calculating a propagation process by using an elastic wave equation, obtaining response results of the model at all calculation points, namely ultrasonic signal parameters after propagation, repeating the operation until all calculation points are input and calculated to obtain corresponding results, and accumulating the ultrasonic signal parameters of all calculation points each time to obtain model response data. Comparing the obtained model response data with the enhanced echo signal to obtain a data residual, and then defining the data residual under the least square meaning, namely L2 norm, namely regularizing the data residual by L2 norm to obtain an objective function F (m):
wherein P is r (m) is model response data; d is an enhanced echo signal; f () is an objective function; m is a parameter matrix.
Further, performing gradient calculation on the objective function, namely solving the objective function by adopting a quasi-Newton method, and solving the gradient direction G of the model according to the second-order Taylor expansion of the objective function F (m) near the parameter matrix m k Determining a search direction, wherein the calculation expression of the search direction is as follows:
G k ＝(-F(m+δm)+F(m)++1/2δm t *H(m)*δm)/δm；
wherein G is k A search direction matrix of N x N; δm is a parameter unit variable; t is the transpose; h (m) is the hessian matrix of the objective function; m is a parameter matrix; f () is an objective function.
Then substituting the initial velocity matrix parameters corresponding to the searching direction, the preset step length and the preset forward model into a preset updating function for operation to obtain intermediate velocity matrix parameters, wherein the intermediate velocity matrix parameters m are # k+1 ) And when the objective function is minimized or the iteration times reach the set maximum times under the given iteration precision, taking the intermediate speed matrix parameter as the objective speed matrix parameter, and if the objective function cannot be minimized or the iteration times do not reach the set maximum times under the given iteration precision, continuing updating and iterating the speed matrix parameter until the objective function is minimized or the iteration times reach the set maximum times under the given iteration precision.
The preset updating function specifically comprises the following steps:
m (k+1) ＝m (k) -α (k) G (k) ；
wherein a is k To preset step length G k Search direction matrix of N, m # k ) For initial velocity matrix parameters, m (k+1) Is an intermediate velocity matrix parameter.
Further, the output image sub-module is specifically configured to:
performing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters, and determining corresponding thickness matrix parameters; matching pixel values corresponding to elements in the thickness matrix parameters from a preset pixel table; and constructing a defect ultrasonic image by adopting all pixel values.
After determining the target velocity matrix parameters, determining intermediate velocity matrix parameters of ultrasonic signal parameters in grids corresponding to the preset forward model in the object, namely, propagation velocity value elements v of the intermediate velocity matrix parameters i Converted into normalized thickness value element l i Values ranging from 0 to 1 and retaining a one-bit decimal, the specific formula for conversion is:
l i ＝(v i -v mim )/(v max -v mim )；
in the formula, v i A propagation velocity value element of ultrasonic waves in the object for a grid of which the thickness is to be calculated; v max Maximum speed for all propagation speed value elements; v mim The minimum speed among all propagation speed value elements; l (L) i Is a thickness value element.
After the numerical conversion is completed, the grids corresponding to the preset forward model are used as a pixel point, pixel values corresponding to thickness value elements in the thickness matrix parameters are matched from a preset pixel table, all the grids are converted into pixel points, then a defect ultrasonic image can be obtained, finally, the annular ultrasonic transducer array 1 moves up and down by a unit distance along the detected object, the defect ultrasonic image at the corresponding position is obtained through the mode, all the obtained ultrasonic images are overlapped through a three-dimensional imaging algorithm, a three-dimensional image corresponding to the target component is obtained, finally, the defect of the target component is positioned according to the three-dimensional image, and therefore the defect three-dimensional result corresponding to the target component is determined. Wherein, the values in the pixel point are composed of three primary colors: r, G, B, the corresponding values of which are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 preset pixel Table
| NO. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Corresponding l i | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 |
| R | 255 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 255 | 255 | 128 | 128 | 0 |
| G | 255 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 128 | 128 | 0 | 0 |
| B | 255 | 128 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Referring to FIG. 4, exemplary, model parameters are first initialized to m 0 And let m 0 As current model parameter m (k) Inputting ultrasonic signal parameters which are the same as ultrasonic signals excited by an integrated array element, calculating a propagation process by using an elastic wave equation, obtaining a response result of a model at all calculation points, namely, the ultrasonic signal parameters after propagation, repeating the operation until all calculation points are input and calculated to obtain corresponding results, accumulating the ultrasonic signal parameters of all calculation points each time to obtain model response data, connecting all instruments and arranging an annular ultrasonic transducer array (ultrasonic annular array), collecting ultrasonic signals by the integrated array element, processing the data and uploading the data to obtain an enhanced echo signal, comparing the model response data with the enhanced echo signal to obtain a data residual delta d, regularizing the data residual by L2 norm to obtain an objective function, then carrying out gradient calculation on the objective function, namely, solving the objective function F (m) by adopting a quasi-Newton method, and obtaining a gradient direction G of the model by adopting second-order Taylor expansion of the objective function near the parameter matrix m (k) Will preset step a (k) Substituting the intermediate velocity matrix parameter m into an update model to obtain the intermediate velocity matrix parameter m (k+1) Intermediate velocity matrix parameter m (k+1) When the objective function is minimized or the iteration times reach the set maximum times under the given iteration precision, taking the intermediate speed matrix parameter as the objective speed matrix parameter, then carrying out ultrasonic imaging according to the objective speed matrix parameter, finally, carrying out up-down movement by a unit distance along a detected object (objective component) through an annular ultrasonic transducer array, acquiring a defect ultrasonic image of the corresponding position of the objective component through the mode, and superposing all the obtained ultrasonic images by adopting a three-dimensional imaging algorithm to obtain a three-dimensional image corresponding to the objective component; if the objective function cannot be minimized under the given iteration precision or the iteration number does not reach the set maximum number, continuing updating and iterating the speed matrix parameters until the speed matrix parameters are updatedThe objective function is minimized or the number of iterations reaches a set maximum number at a given iteration accuracy.
In the embodiment of the application, the structural member with the complex structure is converted into the regular ice geometric shape, the ice medium is used as the propagation medium of ultrasonic waves, and the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular ice geometric shape corresponding to the target structural member and is used for defect detection, so that the defect detection process of the complex structure is simplified. In addition, as ice is utilized for coupling, the sound velocity difference between the ice and the component is reduced, the acoustic impedance of the ultrasonic wave excited by the annular ultrasonic transducer array is smaller when the ultrasonic wave propagates at the interface between the ice and the component, the energy loss is small, deep internal defects can be reached, and the ultrasonic wave is reflected back to be received by the annular ultrasonic transducer array; and then, the data processing module performs data processing and image reconstruction according to the ultrasonic signal data, so that the definition of an ultrasonic image generated based on ultrasonic waves is improved, and the ultrasonic imaging precision is high.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an ultrasonic imaging detection method for a defect of a component according to a second embodiment of the present application.
The ultrasonic imaging detection method for the component defects is applied to an ultrasonic imaging detection system for the component defects; comprising the following steps:
step 501, obtaining a volume parameter of a target component, and matching the volume parameter with a corresponding preset die.
Step 502, filling a liquid medium and a target member into a preset mold, and obtaining a regular geometric body to be detected through condensation treatment, wherein the regular geometric body to be detected comprises the target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member, and the shortest distance between a first target position of the target member and the surface of the regular geometric body to be detected is within a preset distance range.
And 503, when the regular geometric body to be detected is determined, the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected, defect detection is carried out, and a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component is generated.
The volume parameter refers to the dimension l of the target member in the longest direction of its length 1 And a dimension l in the vertical direction of the longest length 2 。
The liquid medium refers to liquid water.
The first target position refers to the most convex point A in the three-dimension of the target component corresponding to the upper and lower circular surface directions of the regular geometric body to be detected 1 (the point closest to the upper and lower circular surfaces of the regular geometric body to be detected) and the most convex point A in the three dimensions of the target member corresponding to the wall surface direction of the regular geometric body to be detected 2 (the point closest to the wall of the regular geometry to be detected).
It should be noted that, the shape of the preset mold is cylindrical, so the regular geometric body to be detected is ice cylinder.
Further, the dimension of the target member is first measured to obtain the dimension l in the longest direction of the length thereof 1 And a dimension l in the vertical direction of the longest length 2 When the low-temperature freezing is carried out, a proper preset die is required to be selected for processing the component; when determining a suitable preset mold, the preset mold may be determined based on a preset mold matching rule, specifically, a length dimension l of the target member is first adopted, and the volume parameter of the target member is adopted 1 Matching with a preset mould parameter table so as to select the height of the mould, and adopting the vertical dimension l of the target component 2 Matching with a preset mould parameter table, selecting the diameter of the mould, and constructing a preset mould corresponding to the target component according to the selected height and diameter.
Further, in order to reduce attenuation of the ultrasonic wave during propagation, a first target position A of the target member is required 2 Distance x from the wall of the preset mold 1 Limiting, wherein the preset distance range is as follows: 15mm of<x 1 <25mm; secondly, to ensure the reliability of the freeze-forming, a first target position A of the target member is required 1 Distance x between the upper round surface and the lower round surface of the preset die 2 Also limiting, the preset distance range is: 20mm of<x 2 <50mm, preset die parameter tables are shown in Table 2The illustration is:
table 2 preset mold parameter table
After matching a proper preset die according to the volume parameters and performing condensation treatment, a regular geometric body to be detected can be obtained, then the annular ultrasonic transducer array is installed on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected in a surrounding mode, defect detection is performed, and therefore a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component is generated, and the specific defect detection process is described in the first embodiment and is not repeated.
In the embodiment of the application, the volume parameter of the target component is obtained, and the volume parameter is matched with a corresponding preset die; filling a liquid medium and a target member into a preset die, and obtaining a regular geometric body to be detected through condensation treatment, wherein the regular geometric body to be detected comprises the target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member, and the shortest distance between a first target position of the target member and the surface of the regular geometric body to be detected is within a preset distance range; when the regular geometric body to be detected is determined, the annular ultrasonic transducer array is installed on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected in a surrounding mode, defect detection is conducted, and a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component is generated.
In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic imaging inspection system for component defects, the system comprising: the device comprises a signal generation amplifying module, an annular ultrasonic transducer array, a signal transmission amplifying module and a data processing module;
one end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array is connected with the signal generation amplifying module, and the signal generation amplifying module is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an amplified electric signal;
the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of a regular geometric body to be detected, and the regular geometric body to be detected comprises a target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member;
the annular ultrasonic transducer array is used for transmitting the ultrasonic signal to the target component to receive an echo signal generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signal after converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal;
the other end of the annular ultrasonic transducer array is connected with the signal transmission amplifying module, and the signal transmission amplifying module is used for amplifying the echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals and transmitting the amplified echo signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module is connected with the signal transmission amplifying module and is used for executing imaging operation according to the amplified echo signal and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
2. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects of claim 1, wherein the annular ultrasonic transducer array comprises a plurality of transceiver-integrated array elements;
the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected;
the receiving and transmitting integrated array element is used for converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal and receiving the echo signal.
3. The ultrasonic imaging inspection system of component defects of claim 2, wherein the transceiver-integrated array element is a contact piezoelectric probe.
4. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects according to claim 2, wherein,
the annular ultrasonic transducer array is specifically used for:
converting the amplified electric signal into the ultrasonic signal through a target transceiver integrated array element, and transmitting the ultrasonic signal to the target member;
receiving the echo signals generated by the target component based on the ultrasonic signals through all the receiving and transmitting integrated array elements;
and taking the adjacent all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements as new target all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements, jumping to the step of converting the amplified electric signals into the ultrasonic signals through the target all-in-one receiving and transmitting the ultrasonic signals to the target component until all the all-in-one receiving and transmitting array elements convert the amplified electric signals into the ultrasonic signals and transmit the ultrasonic signals to the target component.
5. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects of claim 1, wherein the signal generation and amplification module comprises a signal generation module and a power amplification module connected in sequence;
the signal generation module is used for responding to the trigger signal and generating an electric signal;
the power amplification module is used for amplifying the electric signal to obtain the amplified electric signal.
6. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects of claim 1, wherein the signal transmission amplification module comprises a signal transmission module and a pre-amplification module connected in sequence;
the pre-amplification module is used for amplifying the echo signals to obtain amplified echo signals;
the signal transmission module is used for transmitting the amplified echo signal to the data processing module.
7. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects of claim 1, wherein the data processing module comprises a determination parameter sub-module and an output image sub-module;
the parameter determining sub-module is used for performing linear interpolation on the amplified echo signals, performing parameter updating operation by adopting a preset forward model and the enhanced echo signals after generating the enhanced echo signals, and determining target speed matrix parameters;
and the output image sub-module is used for executing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters and generating a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component.
8. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects according to claim 7, wherein the determination parameter sub-module is specifically configured to:
performing linear interpolation on the amplified echo signal to generate the enhanced echo signal;
comparing model response data corresponding to the preset forward model with the enhanced echo signal to obtain a data residual error;
carrying out norm regularization on the data residual error to obtain an objective function;
gradient calculation is carried out on the objective function, and a search direction is determined;
substituting the searching direction, the preset step length and the initial velocity matrix parameters corresponding to the preset forward model into a preset updating function for operation to obtain intermediate velocity matrix parameters;
counting the iteration times corresponding to the current moment in real time;
and when the intermediate model parameter meets a preset precision condition or the iteration number reaches a preset maximum number, taking the intermediate speed matrix parameter as the target speed matrix parameter.
9. The ultrasonic imaging detection system of component defects of claim 7, wherein the output image sub-module is specifically configured to:
performing normalization operation on the target speed matrix parameters, and determining corresponding thickness matrix parameters;
matching pixel values corresponding to elements in the thickness matrix parameters from a preset pixel table;
and constructing the defect ultrasonic image by adopting all pixel values.
10. A method of ultrasonic imaging detection of a component defect, applied to the ultrasonic imaging detection system of a component defect according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
acquiring the volume parameter of a target component, and adopting the volume parameter to match a corresponding preset die;
filling a liquid medium and the target member into the preset die, and obtaining a regular geometric body to be detected through condensation treatment, wherein the regular geometric body to be detected comprises the target member and a solid medium wrapping the target member, and the shortest distance between a first target position of the target member and the surface of the regular geometric body to be detected is within a preset distance range;
and when the regular geometric body to be detected is determined, the annular ultrasonic transducer array is circumferentially arranged on the outer wall of the regular geometric body to be detected, defect detection is carried out, and a defect ultrasonic image corresponding to the target component is generated.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117388834A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 深圳英美达医疗技术有限公司 | Echo calibration method, calibration structure, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117554494A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 广东工业大学 | Defect detection system, method and device for solar cell panel and storage medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117388834A (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-01-12 | 深圳英美达医疗技术有限公司 | Echo calibration method, calibration structure, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117388834B (en) * | 2023-12-12 | 2024-03-15 | 深圳英美达医疗技术有限公司 | Echo calibration method, calibration structure, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117554494A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 广东工业大学 | Defect detection system, method and device for solar cell panel and storage medium |
| CN117554494B (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-26 | 广东工业大学 | Defect detection system, method and device for solar cell panel and storage medium |
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