CN116575896A - Underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 101000806914 Homo sapiens AP-2 complex subunit sigma Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004141 dimensional analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention relates to an underground intelligent multi-hole parallel dynamic slotting system, which belongs to the field of coal bed gas extraction, and comprises a split cylinder, wherein one end of the split cylinder is provided with M pump source input ports, the other end of the split cylinder is provided with N pump source output ports, N is greater than M, each pump source input port is provided with an input monitoring module, and each pump source output port is provided with an output monitoring module; the system also comprises a display control console and a logic module, wherein the display control console configures parameters for the logic module, so as to send commands to the input monitoring module and the output monitoring module and control the opening and closing of each pump source input port and each pump source output port; the output monitoring module is also used for monitoring the slotting state of the corresponding drilling hole in real time and feeding back the slotting state to the logic module; the logic module is also used for dynamically evaluating the development of each drilling crack and the working state of each drilling slot, and dynamically and intelligently regulating and controlling each drilling slot configuration parameter according to the result. And also relates to a construction method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal bed gas extraction, and relates to an underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system and a construction method thereof.
Background
The existing underground movable slotting equipment has more types but does not realize intelligent slotting equipment, does not substantially realize full-automatic intelligent slotting, has a smaller underground movable slotting range, and is generally only Kong Shigong; because the water pressure of the slotting pump group is higher, personnel operation is needed, a certain personnel safety risk exists, and automatic slotting effect evaluation under the unattended condition cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system and a construction method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system comprises a shunting cylinder body, wherein one end of the shunting cylinder body is provided with M pump source input ports, the other end of the shunting cylinder body is provided with N pump source output ports, N is more than M, each pump source input port is provided with an input monitoring module, and each pump source output port is provided with an output monitoring module; the system also comprises a display control console and a logic module, wherein the display control console configures parameters for the logic module, so as to send commands to the input monitoring module and the output monitoring module and control the opening and closing of each pump source input port and each pump source output port; the output monitoring module is also used for monitoring the slotting state of the corresponding drilling hole in real time and feeding back the slotting state to the logic module; the logic module is also used for dynamically evaluating the development of each drilling crack and the working state of each drilling slot, and dynamically and intelligently regulating and controlling each drilling slot configuration parameter according to the result.
Further, the slotting state of the drill hole comprises the output flow of the pump source of the drill hole and the pressure.
Further, the logic module monitors the output pressure curve of the drilling pump source in real time and compares the output pressure curve with three slotting model curves, so that the current slotting development state is reversely deduced; the slotting model curve comprises a pressure balance type, a pressure oscillation type and a wave type;
the pressure balance type is that the outlet pressure of a slotting hole continuously rises, then the slotting hole is stabilized in a working area, and a preset radius is slotting, so that a circular ring crack is finally formed;
the pressure oscillation type is that when the pressure of the slotting fluid in the coal seam reaches a certain degree, the slotting hole is surrounded, the pressure is continuously increased in a period of time, the annular cracks are continuously expanded along with the continuous punching of coal dust, and the slotting pressure is reduced; and repeating the oscillating process;
the wave type is a wave type characterized by the slit hydraulic pressure after a plurality of slit systems are converted and formed, wherein the fluctuation of the slit hydraulic pressure occurs in the process of transferring one slit mature region to the other non-slit region;
the development state of the slit crack comprises a slit crack extension period, a slit extension delay period and a slit extension maturity period.
Further, the logic module performs comprehensive analysis on flow stability of the output port of the pump source, whether flow mutation occurs or not and accumulated slotting water quantity parameters, and dynamically evaluates the parameters to the following states:
(1) Setting a critical value delta Q of flow variation, wherein the flow is relatively stable in a normal slotting state, no flow mutation occurs, the accumulated slotting water quantity does not reach a preset value Q, at the moment, dynamic feedback is normal slotting, and slotting is automatically stopped when the accumulated water quantity reaches a judging condition quantity Q of slotting water limit value material fracture;
(2) The cutting flow is suddenly changed, the accumulated cutting water quantity does not reach a preset value Q, at the moment, the dynamic feedback is to stop cutting, and whether a water pump pipeline or a cutting system has large-area water leakage condition is checked;
(3) The flow is relatively stable in the slotting state, no flow mutation occurs, the accumulated slotting water quantity reaches a preset value Q, and at the moment, the dynamic feedback is that slotting is completed;
(4) The flow rate in the slotting state is relatively stable, no flow mutation occurs, the slotting system is determined to be cut through when the designed water injection rate is not reached but the adjacent pressure sensor recognizes the stable pressure drop and the water outlet state, the water supply of the two adjacent slotting system holes is stopped, and the water supply is stopped until all other slotting is completed;
the flow variation critical value is related to the slotting jet pressure; the jet pressure and flow variation threshold Δq are related as follows:
when the jet pressure is 0-40 MP, the delta q is 82L/min;
when the jet pressure is 40-50 MP, the delta q is 92L/min;
when the jet pressure is 5-90 MP, the delta q is 120L/min;
when the jet pressure is 90-100 MP, the delta q is 130L/min;
when the accumulated slotting water quantity does not reach the preset value Q and is the determined slotting pressure, the critical flow is multiplied by the slotting time, and a margin coefficient of 10% of the total quantity is added.
Further, the calculation steps of the slotting water quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting distance, drilling distance, rotating speed and slotting time parameters are as follows:
establishing a model by numerical simulation of a drilling surrounding rock stress field, wherein model parameters are set as basic physical parameters including coal rock density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle, tensile strength and vertical stress, and the basic physical parameter values are measured in a laboratory or fixed with empirical values;
analyzing the coal seam stress evolution characteristics under the conditions of different jet flow pressures, slotting intervals, slotting drilling intervals and slotting modes by utilizing numerical simulation and combining with the influence factors of the ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic slotting technology to obtain an optimal group of slotting water pressure, slotting interval and drilling interval parameters; the slotting water quantity is calculated according to the aperture of the slotting nozzle, slotting pressure and slotting time; the rotation speed and the slotting time parameter are obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test.
Further, the prediction model x for the calculation of the depth of cut is:
wherein d is 0 The diameter of the nozzle, m and P are the driving pressure of the water pump and MPa. ρ w 、ρ c Is the density of water and coal; c (C) w 、C c The propagation speed of stress wave in water and coal is that the pressure of water hammer on coal body is P w The jet liquid column receives a counterforce of P c μ is the dynamic coefficient of viscosity; v is the motion viscosity coefficient of water, and sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3 are obtained by a coal body test; sigma (sigma) 1 -μ(σ 2 +σ 3 )≥σ t A judgment condition for limiting the fracture of the material;
calculating the relation between the cutting pressure and the critical slag discharge amount by adopting a dimensional analysis method:
p is the dynamic pressure of the nozzle outlet, pa; a is the characteristic factor of the shape of the coal particlesA combination of factors of the elements; t (T) 0 Coal dropping speed/(t/min);
slit spacing: the interval between the slotting and the drilling is determined according to the air permeability coefficient of the coal seam, and the interval distance is obtained according to field investigation or obtained by numerical simulation;
the slotting time parameter is obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test, and the period of each circular ring is less than 25 minutes; the slotting water quantity is calculated according to the aperture of the slotting nozzle, slotting pressure and slotting time; the rotation speed is comprehensively determined according to the firmness coefficient and the slotting pressure; the firmness coefficient is 0.4, the slotting pressure is 80MPa, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is 80r/min; the firmness coefficient is 0.8, the slotting pressure is 90MPa, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is 40r/min.
On the other hand, the invention provides a parallel dynamic slotting construction method for an underground intelligent porous section, which comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a plurality of slotting and drilling holes at intervals in a region needing slotting, wherein a plurality of groups of slotting systems stretch to the top end of the region needing slotting and drilling holes under the action of water pressure to start reversing slotting, the slotting interval, the slotting water pressure, the rotating speed of a slotting device are all related to the hardness degree of a coal body, and the drilling construction depth is determined according to specific conditions on site;
s2: starting a slotting test machine to start slotting operation, and setting slotting water injection quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotating speed and slotting time parameters according to the degree of softness and hardness of the coal bed, the ground stress and the coal bed permeability parameters to perform automatic operation;
s3: after the operation is completed and the machine is stopped, the whole group of slotting system is closed, the slotting system stretches out and draws back to the hole opening to exit the drilling hole, at the moment, the rotary high-pressure water tail is disassembled, and all equipment is moved to carry out the next group of parallel slotting.
Further, 4-6 slotted holes with the aperture of 94-113mm are constructed in the area 30m where the slots are required. The slotting and drilling intervals are determined according to the field conditions, the slotting radius of the medium-hardness coal seam is 1.5-2.0 m, and the width of a cutting slot is 2-6 cm; the depth of the seam hole of the bedding drilling and slotting is 10-100 m, and the depth of the seam hole of the bedding drilling and slotting is 10-10 m; the maximum working pressure is 100MPa, the bearing pressure of the complete equipment is 150MPa, and the equipment connection parts are protected secondarily.
Furthermore, the slit pump set adopts the same type pump set to operate in parallel with a single pump or a double pump.
Further, pressure and flow sensors are arranged in each slotting system drilling hole, and synchronous or differential slotting is set, wherein the synchronous or differential slotting comprises slotting water injection quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotating speed and slotting time parameters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pump self-adaptive shunt and the corresponding slotted borehole fracture real-time evaluation system can realize parallel slotting operation of a plurality of boreholes through a limited pump source. The method has the beneficial effects of realizing parallel slotting construction, 7 multiplied by 24 uninterrupted slotting construction and real-time online monitoring of slotting.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a downhole multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the downhole multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system of the present invention;
in fig. 3, (a) is a pressure balance type pressure curve, (b) is a pressure oscillation type pressure curve, and (c) is a wave type pressure curve;
FIGS. 4-5 are schematic diagrams of parallel dynamic slotting construction of a downhole porous section according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a reasonable selection of the pressure of the coordinated slag discharge of the slit.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic idea of the present invention by way of illustration, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to limit the invention; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or suggesting that the referred device or element must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, so that the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that the specific meaning of the above terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a downhole multi-hole parallel dynamic slotting system and a construction method thereof are provided. Aiming at the slotting construction in the underground extraction process of coal bed gas, the invention provides a multi-hole section parallel slotting system and a construction mode thereof. The pump self-adaptive shunt and the corresponding slotted borehole fracture real-time evaluation system can realize parallel slotting operation of a plurality of boreholes through a limited pump source. The key technology related to the invention comprises the following 3 points: 1) a real-time evaluation system of the slotted borehole fracture, 2) a pump self-adaptive shunt, and 3) a multi-hole section parallel slotted construction method. The beneficial effects of 1) parallel slotting construction, 2) 7×24 uninterrupted slotting construction and 3) real-time online monitoring of slotting can be realized.
The logic relation of the key technology is as follows: the pump self-adaptive shunt outputs the pressure of the pump source in an isobaric shunt mode, and the slit drilling crack real-time evaluation system evaluates and calculates the crack development degree of the slit drilling according to the real-time flow feedback of a plurality of parallel slit drilling holes, so that the pump self-adaptive shunt is adjusted to dynamically adjust a single output port in real time, and the effect of synchronous parallel slit is achieved.
To achieve the 7 x 24 uninterrupted slit construction goal, the pump source adaptive diverter can be manually set to close the designated output end, and then can be matched and linked with a new drilling pipeline, and the slit construction of the non-closed port is not affected.
In addition, the real-time evaluation system of the slotted borehole fracture can carry out online report and abnormal slotted behavior early warning on the real-time input and output parameters of the pump self-adaptive shunt. The safety of slotting construction is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, taking a 2-in 6-out as an example, the pump source adaptive shunt operating logic is: 2 groups of pump sources are input through the pump source input port, the working state of the pump sources can be controlled by the input monitoring module, the pump sources are input to the split cylinder body and then output through the pump source output port, and the working state of the output port can be controlled by the output monitoring module.
The input monitoring module and the output monitoring module are controlled by the logic module, and the logic module can realize underground and remote online configuration through the display console and the communication module. The whole pump is self-adaptive to the shunt and the components thereof are charged by the power supply module.
As shown in fig. 2, the slotted borehole fracture real-time evaluation system logic: the initial working state of the system can be configured by a display console from a local or communication module through a remote control logic module. The logic module controls the input monitoring module to start the pump source input according to the designed working condition through the given slotting parameter configuration. The logic module controls the output monitoring module to start the pump source output according to the designed working condition through the given pressure parameter configuration. The output monitoring module monitors the slotting state (index data such as flow, pressure and the like) of each drilling in real time in the slotting construction process. And according to the monitored data, the real-time evaluation system of the slotted borehole fracture dynamically evaluates the development of each borehole fracture and the working state of each borehole slot. The evaluation result is fed back to the logic module in real time, and the logic module dynamically and intelligently regulates and controls the configuration parameters of the drilling and slotting. Through the flow, the real-time evaluation system for the slit drilling cracks is realized. Synchronous or differential slotting (comprising slotting water injection amount, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotation speed and slotting time parameters) can be arranged in each slotting drilling hole, and the drilling hole has a suitable drilling hole diameter of 94-113mm. The multi-group slotting drilling holes can synchronously stretch, stretch and rotate by utilizing a hydraulic system (water pressure), and the stretching amount, the stretching amount and the rotating speed can be set differently, so that coal dust can be conveniently discharged out of the drilling holes along with the rotation of the slotting system, and the outer contour of the slotting system is spiral.
Judging the generation of a crack slot is a precondition for adjusting the cutting parameters and pre-judging the cutting effect in the cutting process. The main monitoring parameters in the slotting process are pumping pressure and flow, the development form of the fracture slot can be generally judged according to the change form of the pressure curve in the slotting process, and the slotting curve can be approximately divided into 3 types, as shown in (a) - (c) in fig. 3.
(1) Pressure balance type. Continuously increasing the pressure of the slotting holes, stabilizing the slotting holes in a working area, slotting the preset radius, and finally forming a circular ring crack; an ideal original crack appears in the slotting hole, and new cracks are opened sequentially along with the rotation of the slotting system;
(2) Pressure oscillation type. In order to form a state surrounding a cutting hole after the pressure of the cutting hole in the coal seam reaches a certain degree, the pressure is continuously increased in a period of time, and as coal scraps are continuously punched out, the circular ring cracks are continuously expanded, and the cutting pressure is reduced because the coal seam is softer and has high ground stress or the coal seam is harder and has high ground stress or the coal seam is hard; and repeating the oscillating process;
(3) Wave-like shape. The method is characterized in that the fluctuation of the cutting hydraulic pressure occurs in the process of transferring one cutting mature area to the other non-cutting area, and the wave form of the cutting hydraulic pressure is characterized after a plurality of cutting systems are converted; the wave-shaped pressure curve can be used as a judgment basis for the expansion of multiple cracks.
And the three model curves of the built-in slit of the slit development evaluation system module are used for monitoring the pressure curve according to a real-time monitoring program to reversely push the current slit development state. The overall slotting form is three balanced, oscillating and wavy forms, the overall slotting development state is reversely pushed by utilizing a slotting pressure curve and is divided into three stages of slotting crack expansion period, slotting expansion delay period and slotting expansion maturity period, and feedback evaluation is carried out in the system. The logical relationship dominates with borehole dynamic evaluation.
The drilling and slotting state dynamic evaluation system performs comprehensive analysis on flow stability of a pump source output port, whether flow mutation occurs or not and accumulated slotting water quantity parameters, and dynamically evaluates the parameters into three states:
(1) The normal slotting state flow is relatively stable, no flow mutation occurs (the threshold value delta Q of the flow variation is set), the accumulated slotting water quantity does not reach the preset value (Q), at the moment, the dynamic feedback is normal slotting, and the slotting is automatically stopped when the accumulated slotting water quantity (Q) is reached;
(2) The cutting flow is suddenly changed (the critical value delta q of the flow variation is set), the accumulated cutting water quantity does not reach a preset value, at the moment, the dynamic feedback is to stop cutting, and whether a water pump pipeline or a cutting system has large-area water leakage condition is checked;
(3) The flow is relatively stable in the slotting state, no flow mutation occurs (the flow variation delta Q is set), the accumulated slotting water quantity reaches a preset value (Q), and at the moment, the dynamic feedback is that slotting is completed;
(4) The flow rate in the slotting state is relatively stable, no flow mutation occurs, the slotting system is determined to be cut through when the designed water injection rate is not reached but the adjacent pressure sensor recognizes the stable pressure drop and the water outlet state, the water supply of the two adjacent slotting system holes is stopped, and the water supply is stopped until all other slotting is completed;
the flow variation critical value is related to the slotting jet pressure; the jet pressure/MPa and outlet flow threshold Δq/(L/min) relationship are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Preset value (Q) of the water quantity for slotting: when determining the slotting pressure, the critical flow is multiplied by the slotting time, and a margin coefficient of 10% of the total is added.
The calculation steps of the parameters of the slotting water quantity, the slotting water pressure, the slotting interval, the drilling interval, the rotating speed and the slotting time are as follows:
(1) Numerical simulation method
The drilling surrounding rock stress field numerical simulation is used for establishing a model (the software can be Mohr-Coulomb, FLAC3D and the like), the model parameters are required to be set as basic physical parameters such as coal rock density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle, tensile strength, vertical stress and the like, and the basic parameters are generally measured or fixed by a laboratory.
And analyzing the coal seam stress evolution characteristics under the parameter conditions of different jet flow pressures, slotting intervals, slotting drilling intervals, slotting modes and the like by utilizing numerical simulation and combining with the influence factors of the ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic slotting technology to obtain the optimal slotting water pressure, slotting interval and drilling interval parameters. The water quantity for slotting is calculated according to the aperture of a slotting nozzle (2.5 mm is usually selected), slotting pressure and slotting time (preset value (Q) of slotting water quantity, wherein when the slotting pressure is determined, critical flow is multiplied by slotting time, and a margin coefficient of 10% of the total quantity is added). The rotation speed and the slotting time parameter are obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test.
(2) Empirical formula
Depth of cut:
d 0 is the nozzle diameter, m. P is the driving pressure of the water pump and MPa. ρ w 、ρ c Is the density of water and coal; c (C) w 、C c Is the propagation speed of stress wave in water and coal. The pressure of the water hammer on the coal body is P w The jet liquid column receives a counterforce of P c μ is the dynamic coefficient of viscosity; v is the kinematic coefficient of viscosity of water. Sigma 1, sigma 2, sigma 3 are defined byAnd (5) coal body tests. Sigma (sigma) 1 -μ(σ 2 +σ 3 )≥σ t Is a judging condition for limiting the fracture of the material. The ultra-high pressure water jet slotting depth prediction model x is as follows:
slotting pressure:
the relation between the cutting pressure and the critical slag discharge amount is calculated by adopting a dimensional analysis method:
p is the dynamic pressure of the nozzle outlet, pa; a is a comprehensive factor for representing the shape factor of coal particles and the like; t (T) 0 Coal dropping speed/(t/min)
Slit spacing: the interval between the slotting and the drilling is generally determined according to the air permeability coefficient of the coal seam, and the general interval distance is required to be obtained through on-site investigation or obtained through numerical simulation.
The slotting time parameter is obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test, and the period passing through each circular ring is less than 25 minutes. The water quantity for slotting is calculated according to the aperture of a slotting nozzle (usually 2.5 mm), slotting pressure and slotting time. Rotational speed: mainly according to the firmness coefficient and the slotting pressure. The general firmness coefficient is about 0.4, the slotting pressure is 80MPa, and the rotating speed of a drill rod is 80r/min; the firmness coefficient is about 0.8, the slotting pressure is 90MPa, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is 40r/min;
according to the current test experience:
for the coal seam with the firmness coefficient of about 0.4, under the condition of the slotting pressure of 80MPa, the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at the rotating speed of 40r/min is 0.145t/min, the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at the rotating speed of 60r/min is 0.130t/min, and the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at the rotating speed of 80r/min is 0.104t/min. It can be seen that under the condition of a certain coal seam firmness coefficient and a certain slotting pressure, the smaller the rotation speed of the drill rod is, the larger the slotting coal dropping amount is. And when the rotation speed of the drill rod is 40r/min, the drill hole is seriously blocked due to unsmooth slag discharge; when the rotation speed of the drill rod is 60r/min, the phenomenon of hole blocking is relieved to a certain extent; when the rotation speed of the drill rod is increased to 80r/min, the cinder particles can be smoothly discharged out of the holes.
For the coal seam with the firmness coefficient of 0.8, at the slotting pressure of 90MPa, the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at 40r/min is 0.077t/min, the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at 60r/min is 0.065t/min, and the average coal dropping speed of the drill rod at 80r/min is 0.053t/min. Because the hardness of the coal bed is relatively large, the amount of slotted coal is small, and the cinder particles can be smoothly discharged out of the holes at different rotating speeds.
Aiming at soft coal beds with smaller firmness coefficients, a faster drill rod rotating speed is selected in the slotting process, on one hand, the impact capability of ultrahigh-pressure water jet on coal bodies can be reduced by increasing the drill rod rotating speed, the coal dropping amount is reduced, and on the other hand, the auxiliary slag discharging capability of external threads of the drill rod can be increased by increasing the rotating speed. And aiming at the hard coal seam with larger firmness, as the seam itself has larger hardness and smaller slotting coal dropping amount, the cinder particles can be smoothly discharged out of the holes, and the slower rotation speed of the drill rod is adopted, so that the slotting coal dropping efficiency is increased.
From the test data, fig. 6 shows: the area I is a hole blocking easy occurrence area, when the selected pressure is in the area I, the coal dropping amount in the drill holes is overlarge, the coal dropping amount is larger than the critical slag discharging amount, the hole blocking phenomenon is easy to occur, the hydraulic slotting pressure needs to be controlled in the drilling and slotting process, the slotting coal dropping speed is adjusted, the rotation speed of a drill rod is accelerated, and then successful slotting and slag discharging under the condition are realized; when the pressure is selected in the area II, the coal dropping amount is smaller than the critical slag discharging amount, the expected slotting effect can be achieved, and the coal slag in the drilling hole can be smoothly discharged. Therefore, when the slotting process parameters are selected, the slotting pressure in the area II is selected, so that the optimal slotting effect of the coal seam can be ensured, the cut coal cinder can be smoothly discharged to the orifice under the combined action of water and the spiral drill rod, and the better pressure relief and permeability improvement effects are achieved.
And 4-6 slotted drilling holes with the aperture of 95-113mm are constructed in a region (penetrating or following layer) 30m to be slotted, and the drilling construction depth is determined according to specific conditions on site. The slotted pump set adopts KFSL100-113 single pump or double pump parallel operation (or other pump sets with other types but the same type of pump set is required to adopt single pump or double pump (parallel operation). The slotting drilling system adopts a hydraulic expansion or expansion back to start a slotting test machine to start slotting operation, and sets parameters such as slotting water injection quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotating speed, slotting time and the like according to parameters such as the degree of softness and hardness of a coal bed, the ground stress and the like to automatically operate, and the operation is completed to close a valve of an orifice after stopping, so that the slotting system is expanded, a high-pressure rotating water tail can be disassembled at the moment, and all equipment is moved to perform the next group of parallel slotting. The influence range of one operation is 30-80 m (specifically determined by the drilling interval). The schematic diagrams are shown in fig. 4-5.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An underground intelligent multi-hole section parallel dynamic slotting system is characterized in that: the device comprises a split cylinder body, wherein one end of the split cylinder body is provided with M pump source input ports, the other end of the split cylinder body is provided with N pump source output ports, N is more than M, each pump source input port is provided with an input monitoring module, and each pump source output port is provided with an output monitoring module; the system also comprises a display control console and a logic module, wherein the display control console configures parameters for the logic module, so as to send commands to the input monitoring module and the output monitoring module and control the opening and closing of each pump source input port and each pump source output port; the output monitoring module is also used for monitoring the slotting state of the corresponding drilling hole in real time and feeding back the slotting state to the logic module; the logic module is also used for dynamically evaluating the development of each drilling crack and the working state of each drilling slot, and dynamically and intelligently regulating and controlling each drilling slot configuration parameter according to the result.
2. The downhole intelligent multi-hole segment parallel dynamic slotting system of claim 1, wherein: the slotting state of the drill hole comprises the output flow of the pump source of the drill hole and the pressure of the pump source.
3. The downhole intelligent multi-hole segment parallel dynamic slotting system of claim 1, wherein: the logic module monitors the output pressure curve of the drilling pump source in real time and compares the output pressure curve with the three slotting model curves so as to reversely push out the current slotting development state; the slotting model curve comprises a pressure balance type, a pressure oscillation type and a wave type;
the pressure balance type is that the outlet pressure of a slotting hole continuously rises, then the slotting hole is stabilized in a working area, and a preset radius is slotting, so that a circular ring crack is finally formed;
the pressure oscillation type is that when the pressure of the slotting fluid in the coal seam reaches a certain degree, the slotting hole is surrounded, the pressure is continuously increased in a period of time, the annular cracks are continuously expanded along with the continuous punching of coal dust, and the slotting pressure is reduced; and repeating the oscillating process;
the wave type is a wave type characterized by the slit hydraulic pressure after a plurality of slit systems are converted and formed, wherein the fluctuation of the slit hydraulic pressure occurs in the process of transferring one slit mature region to the other non-slit region;
the development state of the slit crack comprises a slit crack extension period, a slit extension delay period and a slit extension maturity period.
4. The downhole intelligent multi-hole segment parallel dynamic slotting system of claim 1, wherein: the logic module performs comprehensive analysis on flow stability of the pump source output port, whether flow mutation occurs or not and accumulated slotting water quantity parameters, and dynamically evaluates the flow stability, the flow mutation and the accumulated slotting water quantity parameters into the following states:
(1) Setting a critical value delta Q of flow variation, wherein the flow is relatively stable in a normal slotting state, no flow mutation occurs, the accumulated slotting water quantity does not reach a preset value Q, at the moment, dynamic feedback is normal slotting, and slotting is automatically stopped when the accumulated water quantity reaches a judging condition quantity Q of slotting water limit value material fracture;
(2) The cutting flow is suddenly changed, the accumulated cutting water quantity does not reach a preset value Q, at the moment, the dynamic feedback is to stop cutting, and whether a water pump pipeline or a cutting system has large-area water leakage condition is checked;
(3) The flow is relatively stable in the slotting state, no flow mutation occurs, the accumulated slotting water quantity reaches a preset value Q, and at the moment, the dynamic feedback is that slotting is completed;
(4) The flow rate in the slotting state is relatively stable, no flow mutation occurs, the slotting system is determined to be cut through when the designed water injection rate is not reached but the adjacent pressure sensor recognizes the stable pressure drop and the water outlet state, the water supply of the two adjacent slotting system holes is stopped, and the water supply is stopped until all other slotting is completed;
the flow variation critical value is related to the slotting jet pressure; the jet pressure and flow variation threshold Δq are related as follows:
when the jet pressure is 0-40 MP, the delta q is 82L/min;
when the jet pressure is 40-50 MP, the delta q is 92L/min;
when the jet pressure is 5-90 MP, the delta q is 120L/min;
when the jet pressure is 90-100 MP, the delta q is 130L/min;
when the accumulated slotting water quantity does not reach the preset value Q and is the determined slotting pressure, the critical flow is multiplied by the slotting time, and a margin coefficient of 10% of the total quantity is added.
5. The downhole intelligent multi-hole segment parallel dynamic slotting system of claim 1, wherein: the calculation steps of the parameters of the slotting water quantity, the slotting water pressure, the slotting interval, the drilling interval, the rotating speed and the slotting time are as follows:
establishing a model by numerical simulation of a drilling surrounding rock stress field, wherein model parameters are set as basic physical parameters including coal rock density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle, tensile strength and vertical stress, and the basic physical parameter values are measured in a laboratory or fixed with empirical values;
analyzing the coal seam stress evolution characteristics under the conditions of different jet flow pressures, slotting intervals, slotting drilling intervals and slotting modes by utilizing numerical simulation and combining with the influence factors of the ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic slotting technology to obtain an optimal group of slotting water pressure, slotting interval and drilling interval parameters; the slotting water quantity is calculated according to the aperture of the slotting nozzle, slotting pressure and slotting time; the rotation speed and the slotting time parameter are obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test.
6. The downhole intelligent multi-hole segment parallel dynamic slotting system of claim 1, wherein: the calculation and prediction model x of the slotting depth is as follows:
wherein d is 0 The diameter of the nozzle, m and P are the driving pressure of the water pump and MPa; ρ w 、ρ c Is the density of water and coal; c (C) w 、C c The propagation speed of stress wave in water and coal is that the pressure of water hammer on coal body is P w The jet liquid column receives a counterforce of P c μ is the dynamic coefficient of viscosity; v is the motion viscosity coefficient of water, and sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3 are obtained by a coal body test; sigma (sigma) 1 -μ(σ 2 +σ 3 )≥σ t A judgment condition for limiting the fracture of the material;
calculating the relation between the cutting pressure and the critical slag discharge amount by adopting a dimensional analysis method:
p is the dynamic pressure of the nozzle outlet, pa; a is a comprehensive factor for representing the shape factor of the coal particles; t (T) 0 Coal dropping speed/(t/min);
slit spacing: the interval between the slotting and the drilling is determined according to the air permeability coefficient of the coal seam, and the interval distance is obtained according to field investigation or obtained by numerical simulation;
the slotting time parameter is obtained according to a coal sample ground slotting test, and the period of each circular ring is less than 25 minutes; the slotting water quantity is calculated according to the aperture of the slotting nozzle, slotting pressure and slotting time; the rotation speed is comprehensively determined according to the firmness coefficient and the slotting pressure; the firmness coefficient is 0.4, the slotting pressure is 80MPa, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is 80r/min; the firmness coefficient is 0.8, the slotting pressure is 90MPa, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is 40r/min.
7. A parallel dynamic slotting construction method for an underground intelligent porous section is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a plurality of slotting and drilling holes at intervals in a region needing slotting, wherein a plurality of groups of slotting systems stretch to the top end of the region needing slotting and drilling holes under the action of water pressure to start reversing slotting, the slotting interval, the slotting water pressure, the rotating speed of a slotting device are all related to the hardness degree of a coal body, and the drilling construction depth is determined according to specific conditions on site;
s2: starting a slotting test machine to start slotting operation, and setting slotting water injection quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotating speed and slotting time parameters according to the degree of softness and hardness of the coal bed, the ground stress and the coal bed permeability parameters to perform automatic operation;
s3: after the operation is completed and the machine is stopped, the whole group of slotting system is closed, the slotting system stretches out and draws back to the hole opening to exit the drilling hole, at the moment, the rotary high-pressure water tail is disassembled, and all equipment is moved to carry out the next group of parallel slotting.
8. The method for parallel dynamic slotting construction of an underground intelligent porous section according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing 4-6 slotting drill holes with the aperture of 94-113mm in a region 30m needing slotting; the slotting and drilling intervals are determined according to the field conditions, the slotting radius of the medium-hardness coal seam is 1.5-2.0 m, and the width of a cutting slot is 2-6 cm; the depth of the seam hole of the bedding drilling and slotting is 10-100 m, and the depth of the seam hole of the bedding drilling and slotting is 10-10 m; the maximum working pressure is 100MPa, the bearing pressure of the complete equipment is 150MPa, and the equipment connection parts are protected secondarily.
9. The method for parallel dynamic slotting construction of an underground intelligent porous section according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the slit pump set adopts the same type pump set to operate in parallel with a single pump or a double pump.
10. The method for parallel dynamic slotting construction of an underground intelligent porous section according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and arranging pressure and flow sensors in each slotting system drilling hole, and setting synchronous or differential slotting, wherein the synchronous or differential slotting comprises slotting water injection quantity, slotting water pressure, slotting interval, rotation speed and slotting time parameters.
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