CN116574942A - 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, 3D printing aluminum alloy method and aluminum alloy part - Google Patents

3D printing aluminum alloy powder, 3D printing aluminum alloy method and aluminum alloy part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116574942A
CN116574942A CN202210112195.3A CN202210112195A CN116574942A CN 116574942 A CN116574942 A CN 116574942A CN 202210112195 A CN202210112195 A CN 202210112195A CN 116574942 A CN116574942 A CN 116574942A
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aluminum alloy
alloy powder
printing
powder
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邓璞
赵伟
薛蕾
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Xian Bright Laser Technologies Co Ltd
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Xian Bright Laser Technologies Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, a 3D printing aluminum alloy method and an aluminum alloy part; the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder comprises the following partial characteristic alloy elements: the Si content is less than or equal to 1.2wt%; and/or Ti content of 1.0-6.0 wt%; and/or the Zr content is 0.9 to 6.0wt%; wherein when the alloying elements Ti and Zr are added together, the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.

Description

3D printing aluminum alloy powder, 3D printing aluminum alloy method and aluminum alloy part
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing (commonly called 3D printing), in particular to 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, a 3D aluminum alloy printing method and an aluminum alloy part.
Background
The aluminum alloy has a large number of applications in the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like, is low in density and high in specific strength, and has excellent heat conduction, electric conductivity and corrosion resistance. However, the conventional aluminum alloy processing technology such as casting, forging and the like cannot meet the requirements for forming complex precise structures, and in addition, the conventional technology has long response period to complex parts and poor design flexibility, and cannot meet the increasingly improved product technology level. Accordingly, there is a great deal of interest in manufacturing aluminum alloys using additive manufacturing techniques with extremely high degrees of freedom in structural design and high-efficiency formability. Additive manufacturing techniques are becoming an effective approach to the fabrication of complex components for large aircraft, represented by, inter alia, powder bed-based laser/electron beam selective fusion techniques (Selective Laser Melting, SLM and Electron Beam Melting, EBM) and powder fed laser printing (Laser melting deposition, LMD) techniques.
In addition, the rapid cooling characteristics of additive manufacturing techniques also allow for superior performance of the formed aluminum alloy over conventional processes. However, the conventional aluminum alloy is easy to generate hot cracks during additive manufacturing, so that the application and development of the aluminum alloy are severely limited, and related forming technology is far behind other alloy materials.
How to prepare an aluminum alloy part with no cracks and high mechanical property is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, a method of 3D printing aluminum alloy, and an aluminum alloy part; can obtain the aluminum alloy part with high mechanical property and no thermal crack through 3D printing.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D printed aluminum alloy powder, where the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder includes a portion of characteristic alloy elements including:
the Si content is less than or equal to 1.2wt%;
and/or Ti content of 1.0-6.0 wt%;
and/or the Zr content is 0.9 to 6.0wt%;
wherein when the alloying elements Ti and Zr are added together, the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for 3D printing an aluminum alloy, the method including:
After the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, preparing the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder in the first aspect by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder in the first aspect into a powder feeder, vacuumizing and introducing inert gas after the cavity of a forming chamber is closed, and scanning a substrate by using laser; wherein, the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometric dimension of the substrate;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power is 200-350W, the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 15-35 μm, and the track interval is 80-130 μm.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy part, which is prepared by the 3D printing method according to the second aspect.
The embodiment of the invention provides 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, a 3D printing aluminum alloy method and an aluminum alloy part; the characteristic alloy element Si, and/or Ti and/or Zr are added into the aluminum alloy powder to eliminate the heat cracks generated in the 3D printing aluminum alloy part, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy part is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an SLM device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of a 3D printing standard component al—zn alloy provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in comparative example 1 provided by the example of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 1 provided in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of stress-strain curves of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 2 after heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 4 provided in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing stress-strain curves of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 5 after heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain curve at room temperature of the 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 6 provided in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain curve at room temperature of the 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 7 provided by the example of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of stress-strain curves of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 8 after heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain curve at room temperature of the 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 9 provided by the example of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the stress-strain curve at room temperature of the 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 10 according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing stress-strain curves at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain curve at room temperature of the 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 12 provided by the example of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve at room temperature of a 3D printed aluminum alloy part obtained in example 13 provided in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Before describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, the method of 3D printing aluminum alloy related to the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the SLM device 1 shown in fig. 1 as an example, but the method of 3D printing aluminum alloy related to the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to be applied to the SLM device 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the SLM apparatus 1 mainly includes a forming chamber 101, a laser generator 102, a substrate 103, a powder feeder 104, a horizontal blade 105, and a lifting device 106 provided in the forming chamber 101; wherein the base plate 103 is used for bearing the formed aluminum alloy part; a powder feeder 104 for storing aluminum alloy powder; the horizontal blade 105 is used for laying the aluminum alloy powder on the substrate 103 flatly; the lifting device 106 is used to raise and lower the substrate 103 and the powder feeder 104. It will be appreciated that a window 107 is provided above the forming chamber 101 so that the laser beam emitted by the laser generator 102 can be transmitted through the window 107 to the aluminum alloy powder tiled on the substrate 103 to melt the aluminum alloy powder.
Specifically, the specific process of printing aluminum alloy parts based on the SLM device 1 is as follows: firstly, slicing a CAD three-dimensional model of an aluminum alloy part by using 3D printing slicing software to obtain layered scanning data of the aluminum alloy part, and introducing the layered scanning data into SLM equipment 1; secondly, the horizontal scraping plate 105 uniformly lays a thin layer of aluminum alloy powder on the substrate 103, the laser generator 102 emits a high-energy laser beam to selectively melt the aluminum alloy powder on the substrate 103 through the window 107 according to the data information of the three-dimensional current layer, and the shape of the current layer of the aluminum alloy part is formed by laser; the substrate 103 is then lowered a distance, which is understandably the thickness of the next layer of laser formed aluminum alloy part, the horizontal blade 105 lays a further layer of aluminum alloy powder on the current level of the formed aluminum alloy part, the laser generator 102 again emits high energy beam laser light to selectively melt through the window 107 according to the next layer of data information of the digital model, the melted layer is automatically bonded with the formed part, and the cycle is repeated until the entire aluminum alloy part is manufactured.
However, thermal cracks exist in the aluminum alloy parts printed and formed by the SLM device 1, and the thermal cracks seriously affect the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy parts, thereby limiting the application of the aluminum alloy parts. In particular, aluminum alloys currently printable using 3D printing techniques are limited to the Al-Si series of near-eutectic composition (e.g., alSi 10 Mg，Al 12 Si) and Al-Mg-Sc-Zr series. Whereas conventional high strength aluminum alloys, such as the Al-Cu (also known as the 2 xxx) series and the Al-Zn (also known as the 7 xxx) series, are unsuitable for 3D printing techniques due to their high propensity for thermal cracking due to the large thermal stresses generated during rapid solidification of the aluminum alloy powder after it has been melted by the high energy laser beam during 3D printing, and the low melting phase structure remaining during the final solidification stage is capable of forming liquid films that are prone to tearing due to the inability to withstand thermal stresses to form thermal cracks. However, since the al—si series aluminum alloy has a narrow solidification temperature range, the liquid film is not formed in the final stage of solidification, and thus thermal cracks are not easily generated in the 3D printing process. Whereas for Al-Mg-Sc-Zr series aluminum alloys, L1 is formed during solidification 2 Structural Al 3 (Sc x ，Zr 1-x ) Has high lattice matching degree with alpha-Al matrix, reduces energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation, so the alpha-Al matrix is very easy to be coated on Al 3 (Sc x ，Zr 1-x ) Heterogeneous nuclei on the particles, which greatly refine the grains to form fine equiaxed grainsThe fine equiaxed crystals reduce or eliminate columnar crystals in the metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy part, and the columnar crystals have high hot crack tendency because the grain boundaries of the columnar crystals are difficult to fill by residual liquid phase. In addition, the liquid film is dispersed in the grain boundary length with increased fine equiaxed grains, so that the heat crack resistance of the aluminum alloy part is also improved. However, 3D printed shaped al—si series aluminum alloy parts, while superior in performance to conventional forgings, are still limited in strength and plasticity. For example, alSi formed by 3D printing 10 The room temperature tensile strength of the Mg part is 200-400 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 3-10%; the room-temperature tensile strength of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr series aluminum alloy part formed by 3D printing is 400-550 MPa, but the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr series aluminum alloy and the Al-Mg-Si-Sc-Zr series aluminum alloy still have the phenomenon of microcrack in the actual 3D printing process, so that the fatigue performance of the two 3D printing aluminum alloy parts is reduced. This is mainly due to the fact that during 3D printing of these two series of aluminium alloys, the edge of the bath consists of extremely fine nano equiaxed crystals with a grain diameter of about 100-600 nm, but the interior of the bath is still a refined columnar crystal, and this metallographic structure is due to the gradual rise of the solidification rate along the edge of the bath towards the interior of the bath, which promotes Al during solidification 3 (Sc x ，Zr 1-x ) Precipitation of phase structure to cause heterogeneous nucleation at the edge of the bath, while excessively high solidification rate inside the bath suppresses Al 3 (Sc x ，Zr 1-x ) The precipitation of the phase structure suppresses the formation of fine equiaxed crystals. In addition, the presence of columnar crystals is a main cause of thermal cracking, and thus the above-mentioned microcracks are mainly present inside the molten pool, so that although increasing the content of Sc can increase the proportion of fine equiaxed crystals, the low solubility and high price of the alloying element Sc in the α -Al matrix limit its feasibility.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, aluminum alloys of al—cu series and al—zn series are taken as examples to describe the embodiment of the present invention in detail, but what is described in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to application to aluminum alloys of al—cu series and al—zn series, but may also be applied to other series of aluminum alloys, such as al—mn series, al—mg series.
In addition, in the examples of the present invention, the standard components of the al—zn-based aluminum alloy powder were:
zn content is 5.1-6.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
The content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is less than or equal to 0.2wt%;
the Si content is less than or equal to 0.4wt%;
the balance of Al.
On the other hand, in the embodiment of the invention, the standard components of the Al-Cu series aluminum alloy powder are as follows:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Ti content is less than or equal to 0.15wt%;
the Si content is less than or equal to 0.5wt%.
Referring to fig. 2, which shows a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy part obtained by printing and forming aluminum alloy powder of an Al-Zn series standard component using SLM technology, it can be seen from fig. 2 that after the aluminum alloy powder of the Al-Zn series standard component is printed and formed using SLM technology, thermal cracks exist in the obtained aluminum alloy part. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention expects to improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy part by changing the components of the aluminum alloy powder to improve the phenomenon of thermal cracking in the aluminum alloy part after 3D printing.
Based on the above explanation, the embodiment of the invention provides a 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, wherein the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder contains part of characteristic alloy elements as follows:
The Si content is less than or equal to 1.2wt%;
and/or Ti content of 1.0-6.0 wt%;
and/or the Zr content is 0.9 to 6.0wt%;
wherein when the alloying elements Ti and Zr are added together, the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
It can be appreciated that in the embodiment of the invention, the characteristic alloy element Si and/or Ti and/or Zr are added into the aluminum alloy powder with standard components to eliminate the hot cracks generated in the 3D printing aluminum alloy part, and the proportion of the alloy elements Zn and Mg is adjusted to reduce the influence caused by the burning loss of the alloy elements, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy part is improved. This is mainly due to the alloying elements Ti and Zr forming L1 with the Al atoms, respectively 2 Structural Al 3 Ti，Al 3 Zr or Al 3 (Ti, zr), wherein the lattice mismatching ratio of the alloy element Ti and the alpha-Al matrix is-2.04%; the lattice mismatching ratio of the alloy element Zr and the alpha-Al matrix is-2.04%, and the lattice mismatching ratio of the alloy element Ti and the alloy element Zr and the alpha-Al matrix is close to or even exceeds that of Al 3 Sc (1.32%) and thus benefits heterogeneous nucleation of a-Al matrix. In addition, the cost of the alloy elements Ti and Zr is far lower than that of Sc, so that a phase structure which is completely composed of fine equiaxed crystals can be generated by adding higher proportion, the generation of hot cracks is avoided, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy part is further improved. When the contents of the alloying elements Ti and Zr respectively exceed the maximum solubility in the alpha-Al matrix, wherein the maximum solubilities of the alloying elements Ti and Zr respectively in the alpha-Al matrix are 1.15wt% and 0.23wt%, respectively, submicron-sized Al is precipitated when the aluminum alloy part is subjected to aging heat treatment after 3D printing forming 3 Ti，Al 3 Zr or Al 3 (Ti, zr) provides precipitation strengthening, and can further improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy parts.
In addition, after heat treatment of Al-Zn series aluminum alloy, the alloy elements Zn and Mg generate main strengthening phases MgZn 2 . Because the alloy elements Zn and Mg have lower boiling point and higher equilibrium vapor pressure at high temperature, the alloy elements Zn and Mg are easy to generate in the 3D printing forming processThe burning loss causes a certain deviation between the alloy element components in the finally obtained aluminum alloy part and the designed alloy element components, and the alloy elements Zn and Mg are easy to generate more splashes in the 3D printing process, so that the proportion of the alloy elements Zn and Mg needs to be adjusted. For Al-Cu series aluminum alloys, the alloying elements Mg, mn, cr dissolved in the alpha-Al matrix can cause solid solution strengthening, and the alloying elements Cu and Al atoms generate the main strengthening phase Al of the Al-Cu series aluminum alloy 2 Cu。
In addition, the alloy element Si can form a nano-scale precipitated phase after heat treatment, and can also be combined with the alloy element Mg to produce a strengthening phase Mg 2 Si. In addition, the alloying element Si also helps to reduce the solidification temperature range of the aluminum alloy to reduce the tendency of hot cracking; even more, the alloying elements Si may form clusters with the alloying elements Ti and Zr, respectively, at an early stage of the heat treatment to promote Al 3 M (M means a metal element) phase structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—zn alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
For the preferred embodiments described above, in some examples, for an al—zn alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-3.4 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
The balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
For the preferred embodiments described above, in some examples, for an al—zn alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 3.4-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—zn alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
The Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 5.5 weight percent;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—zn alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 2.6 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al;
wherein the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—cu alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Ti content is 1.4-2.2 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
In still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—cu alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 3.1 weight percent;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, for an al—cu alloy, the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 2.3 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.0-2.2 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al;
wherein the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
It will be appreciated that each is relative to the total mass of the aluminum alloy constituents, and wherein all constituents in the aluminum alloy powder add up to 100 wt.% total; wherein the aluminum alloy powder contains unavoidable impurities.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a 3D printing aluminum alloy method, which comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder into a powder feeder, vacuumizing and introducing inert gas after the cavity of a forming chamber is closed, and scanning a substrate by using laser; wherein, the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometric dimension of the substrate;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power is 200-350W, the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 15-35 μm, and the track interval is 80-130 μm.
Illustratively, in some examples, the method further comprises:
performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy part based on the 3D printing formed aluminum alloy part, wherein the heat treatment process comprises solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the solution heat treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the cooling mode is water cooling;
the aging heat treatment temperature is 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling; or the aging heat treatment temperature is 150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 18h, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also discloses an aluminum alloy part, which is prepared by the 3D printing method.
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples.
Comparative example 1
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
The Zn content was 6.0wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
the Cu content was 1.4wt%;
mn content is 0.1wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.2wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Ti content was 0.8wt%;
si content was 0.6wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1000mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing and forming the al—zn alloy powder in comparative example 1 had thermal cracks,the room temperature stress-strain curve is shown in FIG. 3, the room temperature tensile strength in the deposited state is 115MPa, and the elongation after break is 0.5%. This is mainly due to insufficient addition of Ti as an alloying element, which cannot generate enough Al during solidification 3 Ti, therefore, is unavoidable in the occurrence of thermal cracks. Since the direction of thermal cracking is generally nearly parallel to the deposition direction (from bottom to top), transversely printed tensile samples containing thermal cracking exhibit very poor mechanical properties.
Example 1
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.2wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.2wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content of 0.08wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Ti content was 1.8wt%;
si content was 1.2wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 100. Mu.m.
The metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing and forming the Al-Zn alloy powder in example 1 is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that there are no thermal cracks in the aluminum alloy part, and that the room temperature stress-strain curve thereof is shown in fig. 5, the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 446MPa, the yield strength is 408MPa, and the elongation after break is 19%.
Example 2
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.2wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.2wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content was 0.08%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Ti content was 1.8wt%;
si content was 0.2wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 100. Mu.m;
Carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the printed and formed aluminum alloy part; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the solution heat treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the cooling mode is water cooling;
the aging heat treatment temperature is 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
The stress-strain curve after heat treatment of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 2 is shown in fig. 6, and the tensile strength after heat treatment is 481MPa, the yield strength is 401MPa, and the elongation after break is 13%.
Example 3
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.5wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.5wt%;
the Cu content was 1.4wt%;
mn content is 0.1wt%;
the content of Fe was 0.07wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Ti content was 3.9wt%;
si content was 0.6wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part printed from the Al-Zn alloy powder in example 3 is shown in FIG. 7, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 501MPa, the yield strength is 449MPa, and the elongation after break is 11.5%.
Example 4
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.3wt%;
the Mg content was 2.4wt%;
the Cu content was 1.4wt%;
mn content is 0.1wt%;
the content of Fe was 0.07wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Ti content was 5.2wt%;
si content was 0.3wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 4 is shown in fig. 8, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 568MPa, the yield strength is 541MPa, and the elongation after break is 7.5%.
Example 5
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.1wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Zr content was 1.1% by weight;
si content was 0.8wt%;
the balance of Al.
The preparation method of the 3D printing aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power is 270W, the scanning speed is 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 28 mu m, and the track pitch is 102 mu m;
carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the printed and formed aluminum alloy part; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the solution heat treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the cooling mode is water cooling;
the aging heat treatment temperature is 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 5 is shown in fig. 9, and the tensile strength after heat treatment is 447MPa, the yield strength is 351MPa, and the elongation after break is 15.5%.
Example 6
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
zn content was 6.1wt%
The content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
zr content was 2.1wt%;
si content was 0.1wt%;
The balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 6 is shown in fig. 10, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 411MPa, the yield strength is 354MPa, and the elongation after break is 18.5%.
Example 7
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.1wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
The Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
zr content was 2.1wt%;
si content was 0.6wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 7 is shown in fig. 11, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 432MPa, the yield strength is 412MPa, and the elongation after break is 16%. By adding the alloying element Si, al is promoted in the solidification process as compared with example 6 3 Zr is separated out, and the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy part is improved.
Example 8
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.1wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
zr content was 2.1wt%;
si content was 0.1wt%;
the balance of Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power is 270W, the scanning speed is 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 28 mu m, and the track pitch is 102 mu m;
Carrying out solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment on the printed and formed aluminum alloy part; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the solution heat treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the cooling mode is water cooling;
the aging heat treatment temperature is 150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 18 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
The stress-strain curve after heat treatment of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 8 is shown in fig. 12, and the tensile strength after heat treatment is 526MPa, the yield strength is 477MPa, and the elongation after break is 10%.
Example 9
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.2wt%;
the Mg content was 2.4wt%;
the Cu content was 1.5wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
the Zr content was 5.3% by weight;
si content was 0.4wt%;
the remainder being Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 9 is shown in fig. 13, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 588MPa, the yield strength is 561MPa, and the elongation after break is 5.5%.
Example 10
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Zn alloy, contains the following composition:
the Zn content was 6.1wt%;
the content of Mg was 2.3wt%;
the Cu content was 1.3wt%;
mn content is 0.2wt%;
the content of Fe is 0.1wt%;
the Cr content was 0.2wt%;
zr content is 0.9wt%;
the Ti content was 2.1wt%;
si content was 0.7wt%;
the remainder being Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Zn alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Zn alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of the chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning the substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 270W, the scanning rate was 1050mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 28 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—zn alloy powder in example 10 is shown in fig. 14, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 447MPa, the yield strength is 398MPa, and the elongation after break is 15%.
Example 11
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Cu alloy, contains the following composition:
the Cu content was 4.0wt%;
the content of Mg was 1.8wt%;
mn content is 0.6wt%;
the Cr content was 0.1wt%;
zn content is 0.15wt%;
the Ti content was 1.9wt%;
si content was 0.5wt%;
the remainder being Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Cu alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Cu alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of a chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning a substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 300W, the scanning rate was 900mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 32 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part printed from the Al-Cu alloy powder in example 11 is shown in FIG. 15, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 368MPa, the yield strength is 334MPa, and the elongation after break is 15%.
Example 12
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Cu alloy, contains the following composition:
the Cu content was 4.1wt%;
the content of Mg was 1.8wt%;
mn content is 0.8wt%;
the Cr content was 0.1wt%;
zn content is 0.15wt%;
the Zr content was 2.5% by weight;
si content was 0.5wt%;
the remainder being Al.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Cu alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Cu alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of a chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning a substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 300W, the scanning rate was 900mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 32 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—cu alloy powder in example 12 is shown in fig. 16, and the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 418MPa, the yield strength is 395MPa, and the elongation after break is 17%.
Example 13
3D prints aluminum alloy powder, 3D prints aluminum alloy powder and is the Al-Cu alloy, contains the following composition:
the Cu content was 4.0wt%;
the content of Mg was 1.8wt%;
mn content is 0.8wt%;
the Cr content was 0.1wt%;
zn content is 0.15wt%;
the Zr content was 1.9% by weight;
the Ti content was 1.0wt%;
si content was 0.4wt%;
the balance being Al;
wherein the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
A method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, and then the Al-Cu alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the Al-Cu alloy powder into a powder feeder 104, sealing the cavity of a chamber 101 to be formed, vacuumizing, introducing inert gas, and scanning a substrate 103 by using laser; wherein the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometry of the substrate 103;
Repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate 103 by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate 103, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power was 300W, the scanning rate was 900mm/s, the powder layer thickness was 32 μm, and the track pitch was 102. Mu.m.
The room temperature stress-strain curve of the aluminum alloy part obtained by 3D printing of the al—cu alloy powder in example 13 is shown in fig. 17, the room temperature tensile strength in the as-deposited state is 457MPa, the yield strength is 416MPa, and the elongation after break is 16%.
It should be noted that: the technical schemes described in the embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined without any collision.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (12)

1. The 3D printing aluminum alloy powder is characterized in that the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder comprises the following partial characteristic alloy elements:
The Si content is less than or equal to 1.2wt%;
and/or Ti content of 1.0-6.0 wt%;
and/or the Zr content is 0.9 to 6.0wt%;
wherein when the alloying elements Ti and Zr are added together, the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
2. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Zn alloy comprising the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
3. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 2, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Zn alloy comprising the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-3.4 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
The balance of Al.
4. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 2, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Zn alloy comprising the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Ti content is 3.4-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
5. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Zn alloy comprising the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
the content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 5.5 weight percent;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
6. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Zn alloy comprising the following components:
zn content is 5.1-7.1 wt%;
The content of Mg is 2.1 to 2.9 weight percent;
the Cu content is 1.2-2.0wt%;
the Mn content is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
the content of Cr is 0.18 to 0.28 weight percent;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 2.6 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.6-5.5wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al;
wherein the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
7. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Cu alloy comprising the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%; the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Ti content is 1.4-2.2 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
8. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Cu alloy comprising the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
The Zr content is 0.9 to 3.1 weight percent;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al.
9. The 3D printed aluminum alloy powder of claim 1, wherein the 3D printed aluminum alloy powder is an Al-Cu alloy comprising the following components:
the Cu content is 3.8-4.9 wt%;
the content of Mg is 1.2 to 1.8 weight percent;
mn content is 0.3-1.0 wt%;
the content of Cr is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
zn content less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
the Zr content is 0.9 to 2.3 weight percent;
the Ti content is 1.0-2.2 wt%;
si content is 0.1-1.2 wt%;
the balance of Al;
wherein the content of Ti+Zr is not more than 10wt%.
10. A method of 3D printing an aluminum alloy, the method comprising:
after the metal raw materials are fully and uniformly melted according to the set proportion, preparing the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 8 by adopting an air atomization method;
pouring the 3D printing aluminum alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 9 into a powder feeder, vacuumizing and introducing inert gas after the cavity of a forming chamber is closed, and scanning a substrate by using laser; wherein, the scanning range of the laser is adapted to the geometric dimension of the substrate;
repeatedly scanning and preheating a substrate by using the laser, paving powder on the surface of the substrate, and performing 3D printing according to layering scanning data of the aluminum alloy part; wherein, the 3D printing parameters are: the laser power is 200-350W, the scanning speed is 600-1500 mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 15-35 μm, and the track interval is 80-130 μm.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:
performing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy part based on the 3D printing formed aluminum alloy part, wherein the heat treatment process comprises solution heat treatment and aging heat treatment; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the solution heat treatment temperature is 495 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours, and the cooling mode is water cooling;
the aging heat treatment temperature is 120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling; or the aging heat treatment temperature is 150 ℃, the heat preservation time is 18h, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
12. An aluminum alloy part, characterized in that the aluminum alloy part is produced by the 3D printing method according to claim 10 or 11.
CN202210112195.3A 2022-01-29 2022-01-29 3D printing aluminum alloy powder, 3D printing aluminum alloy method and aluminum alloy part Pending CN116574942A (en)

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