CN116571765A - Interface regulating and controlling device and method for coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material - Google Patents
Interface regulating and controlling device and method for coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interface regulating device and a method for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser, wherein the interface regulating device for forming heterogeneous materials by the coaxial dual-wavelength laser comprises an infrared laser path unit and a green laser path unit, and infrared laser generated by an infrared laser propagates to an infrared laser total reflection mirror after passing through an infrared laser shaper; the green laser generated by the green laser propagates to the laser beam combining lens after passing through the green laser shaper to form coupled laser. According to the invention, the energy coupling proportion of the coupling laser is adjusted to change the interface of the material, so that the laser absorption behavior of the interface material is improved, and the interface defect and stress concentration are reduced; according to different laser absorption characteristics and heat conduction characteristics of materials at two sides of a material interface, the beam diameter and energy distribution of coupled laser are optimized and adjusted through laser beam shaping, the melting behavior of different materials is improved, and the formation of interface defects is further suppressed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an interface regulating device and method for coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous materials.
Background
The extremely complex service conditions of core components of important equipment such as aerospace, nuclear power and the like put forward new development demands on the versatility of parts. Conventional single material parts are difficult to integrate for multiple functions, while heterogeneous material parts have great potential in this respect. The heterogeneous material part is composed of different materials physically distributed in the part, and can integrate the structure and functions of the different materials and realize customized performance at the preset position of the part, for example: abrasion resistance, high thermal conductivity, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and the like. The laser selective molten metal additive manufacturing technology provides an innovative approach for the integrated and rapid manufacturing of heterogeneous material metal components with complex fine structures.
The interface combination reliability of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material structure is a key for determining the performance and the function of the whole structure, and the interface regulation and control are also one of important research directions of the SLM forming of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material. In the related art, dual-wavelength laser is adopted to shape heterogeneous materials so as to solve a series of problems of deformation, cracking, pore and the like of an interface area of a three-dimensional heterogeneous material, but the two-wavelength laser respectively plays roles of accurate shaping and preheating, the two-wavelength laser has unique coupling form, the formed scanning facula has unique form, and the characteristics of the two-wavelength laser are not fully utilized to adaptively scan different materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems, the invention provides an interface regulating device and method for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an interface regulating device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser, which comprises an infrared laser light path unit and a green laser light path unit, wherein the infrared laser light path unit comprises an infrared laser, an infrared laser shaper and an infrared laser total reflection mirror, infrared laser generated by the infrared laser propagates to the infrared laser total reflection mirror after passing through the infrared laser shaper, and the infrared laser total reflection mirror can reflect the infrared laser; the green laser light path unit is arranged in parallel with the infrared laser light path unit, the green laser light path unit comprises a green laser, a green laser shaper and a laser beam combining lens, green laser generated by the green laser propagates to the laser beam combining lens after passing through the green laser shaper, and the laser beam combining lens can be arranged on a light path of the infrared laser so that the green laser reflected by the laser beam combining lens propagates coaxially with the infrared laser to form coupled laser, and the coupled laser is used for scanning a material interface; the infrared laser shaper and the green laser shaper are used for adjusting laser energy distribution of the coupled laser.
In some embodiments of the present invention, an infrared laser collimator is disposed between the infrared laser shaper and the infrared laser total reflection mirror, the infrared laser being capable of passing through the infrared laser collimator; a green laser collimator is arranged between the green laser shaper and the laser beam combining lens, and the green laser can pass through the green laser collimator.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a laser scanning galvanometer and an f-theta mirror are arranged on the optical path of the coupled laser, and the coupled laser can be focused on a material interface through the scanning galvanometer and the f-theta mirror.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a laser selective melting unit, wherein a forming area is arranged on the laser selective melting unit, and the coupled laser is focused on a material interface in the forming area.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a heterogeneous powder material preset unit, wherein the heterogeneous powder material preset unit comprises a motion guide rail and a powder hopper, the powder hopper is slidably connected with the motion guide rail, the powder hopper can move to above the forming area, and the powder hopper is used for sucking or discharging the powder material.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the powder hopper is provided with a powder feeding nozzle and a powder sucking nozzle, and the powder feeding nozzle and the powder sucking nozzle are both communicated with the powder hopper.
In some embodiments of the invention, the infrared laser in the coupled laser is coaxial with a spot of the green laser, and a spot size of the infrared laser is larger than a spot size of the green laser.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the interface regulation device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a controller, wherein the controller is connected with the infrared laser, the green laser, the scanning galvanometer and the f-theta mirror.
The invention provides an interface regulating and controlling method of a coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material, which is applied to the interface regulating and controlling device of the coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material, and comprises the following steps:
preparing different laser scanning model data according to different material properties, wherein the laser scanning model data comprises single material model data and interface area model data, slicing to obtain powder preset path data for powder conveying, importing the laser scanning model data and the powder preset path data, and loading each powder material;
paving a first powder material, sucking out redundant powder according to the preset powder path data to form a blank area, and filling a second powder material into the blank area according to the preset powder path data;
under the driving of interface area model data, scanning the interface area of the material by using coupled laser;
under the drive of single material model data, respectively selecting single-wavelength laser to scan a single material area according to different material properties, and completing the forming of the current layer part;
repeating the steps until the formation of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material part is completed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the scanning the interface region of the material with the coupled laser under the driving of the interface region model data further includes:
adjusting the infrared laser and the green laser, changing the laser power output ratio of the infrared laser and the green laser, adjusting the infrared laser shaper and the green laser shaper, and changing the laser energy distribution of the infrared laser and the green laser;
the beam diameter and energy distribution of the coupled laser are adjusted by laser beam shaping according to the different laser absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the materials on both sides of the material interface, so that the high energy region is biased toward materials with high laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity and the low energy region is biased toward materials with low laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: in the invention, an infrared laser emits infrared laser, the propagation path of the infrared laser is changed under the action of an infrared laser total reflection mirror, a green laser emits green laser, the propagation path of the green laser is changed under the action of a laser beam combining mirror, the infrared laser passes through the laser beam combining mirror to be coaxial with the green laser, and two lasers with different wavelengths form coupled laser;
the infrared laser shaper, the green laser shaper, the infrared laser and the green laser are adjusted, the energy coupling proportion of the coupled laser can be changed according to the material interface, the process dimension of the interface regulation and control of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material is enriched, the laser absorption behavior of the interface material is improved, the interface defects and stress concentration are reduced, and the interface bonding strength of the material and the reliability of the performance and functions of the integral component are improved;
according to different laser absorption characteristics and heat conduction characteristics of materials at two sides of a material interface, the beam diameter and energy distribution of coupled laser are optimized and adjusted through laser beam shaping, so that the melting behaviors of different materials are improved, and the formation of interface defects is further inhibited;
the two lasers with different wavelengths are used for regulating and controlling the interface in a coaxial mode, so that the two lasers can be ensured to act on the same molten pool at the same time, the melting behavior of materials is improved, and the problem of coaxial alignment of the two lasers commonly existing in a non-coaxial mode is avoided.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a powder hopper in the interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coupled laser scanning a material interface region in an interface modulation method for forming a heterogeneous material by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy coupling ratio adjustment of the coupled laser in the interface control method of the coaxial dual wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single-wavelength laser scanning a single material region in an interface modulation method for forming a heterogeneous material by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of beam diameter and energy distribution of coupled laser in the interface modulation method for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual wavelength laser according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
101. an infrared laser; 102. an infrared laser shaper; 103. an infrared laser total reflection mirror; 104. infrared laser; 105. an infrared laser collimator;
201. a green laser; 202. a green laser shaper; 203. a laser beam combining lens; 204. green laser; 205. a green laser collimator;
301. a controller;
401. a laser scanning galvanometer; f-theta mirror; 403. a forming region;
501. a moving guide rail; 502. a powder hopper; 503. a powder feeding nozzle; 504. a powder suction nozzle; 505. an ultrasonic vibration member;
601. a first powder material; 602. a second powder material; 603. a first powder material melting point threshold; 604. a second powder material melting point threshold; 605. a high energy region; 606. a low energy region; 607. a light spot; 608. material interface.
Detailed Description
This section will describe in detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 6, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that, if the terms "center", "middle", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are used as directions or positional relationships based on the directions shown in the drawings, the directions are merely for convenience of description and for simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Features defining "first", "second" are used to distinguish feature names from special meanings, and furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides an interface regulating device for forming a heterogeneous material by coaxial dual-wavelength laser, which comprises an infrared laser light path unit and a green laser light path unit. The infrared laser light path unit is used for emitting the infrared laser light 104 and adjusting the propagation direction of the infrared laser light 104, and the green laser light path unit is used for emitting the green laser light 204 and adjusting the propagation direction of the green laser light 204, it is understood that the wavelength of the infrared laser light 104 is different from that of the green laser light 204. After the propagation direction of the infrared laser 104 and the green laser 204 is adjusted, the infrared laser can be coaxially propagated to form coaxially coupled dual-wavelength coupled laser, and when the coupled laser scans the material interface 608, the laser absorption behavior of the interface material can be improved, the interface defects and stress concentration can be reduced, and the bonding strength of the material interface 608 and the performance and functional reliability of the whole member can be improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the infrared laser light path unit includes an infrared laser 101, an infrared laser shaper 102, and an infrared laser total reflection mirror 103, where the infrared laser 101 is capable of emitting an infrared laser 104, and during the propagation of the infrared laser 104, the infrared laser shaper 102 passes through the infrared laser shaper 102, and the infrared laser shaper 102 is used for adjusting the energy distribution of the infrared laser 104 in the coupled laser. Wherein, infrared laser 101, infrared laser shaper 102 are coaxial to set up, so that infrared laser 104 gets into infrared laser shaper 102.
Further, the infrared laser total reflection mirror 103 is disposed on the propagation path of the infrared laser 104, the infrared laser 104 propagates to the infrared laser total reflection mirror 103 after being adjusted by the infrared laser shaper 102, and the propagation path of the infrared laser 104 is changed under the reflection effect of the infrared laser total reflection mirror 103. It will be appreciated that infrared laser total reflection mirror 103 is tilted such that a corner appears in the propagation path of infrared laser light 104, facilitating the coaxial coupling of infrared laser light 104 with green laser light 204.
Similar to the infrared laser light path unit, the green laser light path unit includes a green laser 201, a green laser shaper 202, and a laser beam combiner 203, where the green laser 201 is capable of emitting a green laser 204, and the green laser shaper 202 is configured to adjust an energy distribution of the green laser 204 in the coupled laser light during propagation of the green laser 204. The green laser 201 and the green laser shaper 202 are coaxially arranged, so that the green laser 204 enters the green laser shaper 202.
Further, the laser beam combiner 203 is disposed on the propagation path of the green laser beam 204, and is also disposed on the propagation path of the infrared laser beam 104 after reflection. The green laser 204 propagates to the laser beam combining mirror 203 after being adjusted by the green laser shaper 202, and the propagation path of the green laser 204 is changed by the reflection of the laser beam combining mirror 203. It will be appreciated that the laser beam combiner 203 is also disposed obliquely, so that a corner appears on the propagation path of the green laser beam 204, so as to facilitate coaxial coupling of the infrared laser beam 104 and the green laser beam 204.
Specifically, the infrared laser light 104 can pass through the laser beam combiner 203 and combine with the reflected green laser light 204, thereby performing coaxial coupling. In order to facilitate the setting and adjustment of the infrared laser light path unit and the green laser light path unit, the green laser light path unit and the infrared laser light path unit are arranged in parallel, and the infrared laser 101 and the green laser 201 horizontally emit the infrared laser 104 and the green laser 204, so that the initial propagation paths of the infrared laser 104 and the green laser 204 are approximately parallel. At this time, in order to make infrared laser light 104 and green laser light 204 coaxially propagate after reflection, the inclination angles of infrared laser total reflection mirror 103 and laser beam combining mirror 203 are approximately the same.
In some examples, the inclination angles of the infrared laser total reflection mirror 103 and the laser beam combining mirror 203 are set to be 45 degrees, so that the coupled laser after beam combination vertically propagates, and scanning of the material interface 608 is facilitated. Specifically, on the premise of coaxial propagation, the spot 607 size of the infrared laser 104 is larger than the spot 607 size of the green laser 204, the infrared laser 101 generates laser light with a wavelength of 1064nm, and the green laser 201 generates laser light with a wavelength of 532 nm.
Under the action of the infrared laser shaper 102 and the green laser shaper 202, the laser energy distribution in the coupled laser can be adjusted to a state of a suitable material interface 608, so that the interface regulating device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser has strong universality for different heterogeneous materials.
In some examples, the interface modulation device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a controller 301, wherein the controller 301 is connected with the infrared laser 101 and the green laser 201. Under the control of the controller 301, the laser power output ratio of the infrared laser 101 and the green laser 201 can be adjusted to a state suitable for the material interface 608. The laser power output proportion and the laser energy distribution of the coupled laser are two components of the energy coupling proportion, namely the energy coupling proportion of the coupled laser can be adjusted in a targeted manner, the process dimension of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material interface regulation and control is enriched, and the problem of reliability of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material interface is solved.
In some examples, to ensure that the propagation direction of infrared laser 104 is stable, an infrared laser collimator 105 is disposed between infrared laser shaper 102 and infrared laser total reflection mirror 103, and it is understood that infrared laser collimator 105, infrared laser shaper 102, and infrared laser 101 remain approximately coaxial. In order to ensure that the propagation direction of the green laser 204 is stable, a green laser collimator 205 is disposed between the green laser shaper 202 and the laser beam combiner 203, and it is understood that the green laser collimator 205, the green laser shaper 202 and the green laser 201 are approximately coaxial. Ensuring efficient conditioning of infrared laser light 104 and green laser light 204.
In some examples, a laser scanning galvanometer 401 and an f-theta mirror 402 are arranged on the optical path of the coupled laser, and the laser scanning galvanometer 401 and the f-theta mirror 402 are connected with the controller 301. Under the comprehensive adjustment of the controller 301 and the laser scanning galvanometer 401, the coupled laser is focused on the forming surface through the f-theta mirror 402, so that the interface of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material is regulated and controlled.
In some examples, the interface modulation device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a laser selective melting unit, wherein the laser selective melting unit is used for bearing a part to be processed and can store a part of powder materials.
Further, the laser selective melting unit comprises a forming area 403 and a storage area, wherein the forming area 403 is used for placing a part to be processed, and the first powder material 601 of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material is stored in the storage area. The forming region 403 is arranged in parallel with the storage region, facilitating the introduction of the first powder material 601 into the forming region 403 when the first powder material 601 is laid down. It will be appreciated that the coupled laser scans the material interface 608 at the shaped region 403.
In some examples, the interface modulation device for coaxial dual wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material further includes a heterogeneous powder material pre-placement unit for laying down the second powder material 602.
Further, a heterogeneous powder material preset unit is located above the laser selective melting unit, the heterogeneous powder material preset unit includes a moving guide 501, a powder hopper 502, and the powder hopper 502 is slidably connected with the moving guide 501, specifically, is capable of moving above the forming region 403 under the control of the controller 301. The powder hopper 502 is capable of sucking or discharging heterogeneous powder material to complete the laying of the second powder material 602.
As shown in fig. 2, in some examples, a second powder material 602 is stored inside the powder hopper 502, and a powder feeding nozzle 503, a powder suction nozzle 504, and an ultrasonic vibration member 505 are provided on the powder hopper 502. The powder hopper 502 moves to the forming area 403 to suck out excessive powder material to form a blank area, and then the second powder material 602 is laid in the blank area through the powder feeding nozzle 503 to finish the laying of the two powder materials. Wherein, ultrasonic vibration part 505 is provided on powder feeding nozzle 503, ultrasonic vibration part 505 is used for driving second powder material 602 in powder hopper 502 to flow out along powder feeding nozzle 503.
The embodiment of the invention provides an interface regulating method for a coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material, which comprises the following steps of:
according to different material properties, preparing different laser scanning model data respectively, wherein the laser scanning model data comprises single material model data and interface area model data, slicing to obtain powder preset path data for powder conveying, importing the laser scanning model data and the powder preset path data, and loading each powder material.
The preparation phase includes data preparation and device preparation. In the data preparation process, because the processing requirements of various parts to be processed are different, in order to ensure the accurate laying position of the powder material, single material model data and interface area model data, namely laser scanning model data, need to be determined in advance. On the basis of the laser scanning model data, powder preset path data can be obtained by slicing. It will be appreciated that the shape of each individual material model of the part to be machined will typically be different and that the physical and machining properties of the various materials will also be different and need to be determined separately.
In the equipment preparation process, two powder materials are respectively placed in a storage area of a laser selective melting unit and a powder hopper 502, and laser scanning model data and powder preset path data are introduced into the laser selective melting unit. The substrate is installed and leveled and an inert shielding gas is introduced into the forming zone 403 until the oxygen content in the chamber is below 100ppm. At this time, the powder hopper 502 can perform the laying of the powder material under the comprehensive guidance of each processing data.
The first powder material 601 is laid, excess powder is sucked up according to the powder preset path data, a blank area is formed, and the second powder material 602 is filled into the blank area according to the powder preset path data.
The laying phase comprises the laying of the first powder material 601 and the laying of the second powder material 602. The powder paving vehicle finishes paving the first powder material 601, the powder suction nozzle 504 of the powder hopper 502 sucks redundant powder according to the preset powder path data to form a blank area, and the running path of the powder suction nozzle 504 can ensure accuracy under the guidance of the preset powder path. The void area is used to dispose the second powder material 602 to form a heterogeneous material. The powder feeding nozzle 503 of the powder hopper 502 fills the second powder material 602 into the blank area according to the preset path data of the powder, and the laying of the second powder material 602 is realized.
And scanning the interface area of the material by using coupled laser under the driving of the interface area model data.
As shown in fig. 3, in the material interface laser scanning stage, under the driving of the interface region model data, the coupled laser beam shaped by the laser beam scans the material interface 608 to reduce the defects and stress deformation of the interface, improve the combination property of the structure and the material of the interface, and improve the interface combination strength of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material and the reliability of the performance and the functions of the whole component.
Under the drive of single material model data, according to different material properties, a proper single wavelength laser is selected to scan a single material area, and the forming of the current layer part is completed.
As shown in fig. 5, in the non-material interface region of the part to be processed, since only one powder material exists, the processing can be performed by using a single wavelength laser without considering factors such as the bonding strength of the two materials. First, selecting a proper single-wavelength laser according to single-material model data, and scanning a corresponding single-material area by using the single-wavelength laser. And correspondingly selecting a specific single-wavelength laser for scanning in other material areas, thereby completing the processing process.
Specifically, the part to be processed is processed in layers, and each layer is processed by scanning the material interface 608 with a coupled laser, and then scanning a single material area with multiple single-wavelength lasers. Repeating the layering processing process to finish the whole processing of the part.
As shown in fig. 4, in some examples, when the coupled laser is used to scan the material interface area, under the control of the controller 301, the laser power output ratio of the infrared laser 104 to the green laser 204 is changed, where fig. 4 includes two cases, that is, the case that the output power of the infrared laser 104 is greater than the output power of the green laser 204 and the case that the output power of the green laser 204 is greater than the output power of the infrared laser 104, and under the action of the infrared laser shaper 102 and the green laser shaper 202, the laser energy distribution of the infrared laser 104 and the green laser 204 is changed, that is, the energy coupling ratio is changed, so that the energy coupling ratio is adapted to the specific material interface 608, the instability and stress concentration in the material melting process at the interface are reduced, the deformation cracking tendency is reduced, and the interface bonding quality is improved. Wherein when the melting point of the first powder material 601 is greater than the melting point of the second powder material 602, the infrared laser 104 is above the first powder material melting point threshold 603 and the green laser 204 is above the second powder material melting point threshold 604.
As shown in fig. 6, in some examples, the beam diameter and energy distribution of the coupled laser is adjusted by shaping the infrared laser shaper 102 and the green laser shaper 202 as the coupled laser is applied to scan the area of the material interface 608, where different laser absorption characteristics and heat conduction characteristics of the material on both sides of the material interface 608 need to be referenced. The high energy region 605 is biased toward materials with high laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity, while the low energy region 606 is biased toward materials with low laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity, thereby regulating the melting behavior and tissue evolution of the interface material, promoting the materials with different physical properties to fully melt and achieve metallurgical bonding, and inhibiting the formation of interface pores, crack defects.
In the description of the present specification, if a description appears that makes reference to the term "one embodiment," "some examples," "some embodiments," "an exemplary embodiment," "an example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., it is intended that the particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example be included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An interface regulation and control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser is characterized by comprising:
the infrared laser light path unit comprises an infrared laser, an infrared laser shaper and an infrared laser total reflection mirror, wherein infrared laser generated by the infrared laser propagates to the infrared laser total reflection mirror after passing through the infrared laser shaper, and the infrared laser total reflection mirror can reflect the infrared laser;
the green laser light path unit is arranged in parallel with the infrared laser light path unit, the green laser light path unit comprises a green laser, a green laser shaper and a laser beam combining lens, green laser generated by the green laser propagates to the laser beam combining lens after passing through the green laser shaper, and the laser beam combining lens can be arranged on a light path of the infrared laser so that the green laser reflected by the laser beam combining lens propagates coaxially with the infrared laser to form coupled laser, and the coupled laser is used for scanning a material interface;
the infrared laser shaper and the green laser shaper are used for adjusting laser energy distribution of the coupled laser.
2. The interface regulating device for forming heterogeneous materials by using coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 1, wherein an infrared laser collimator is arranged between the infrared laser shaper and the infrared laser total reflection mirror, and the infrared laser can pass through the infrared laser collimator; a green laser collimator is arranged between the green laser shaper and the laser beam combining lens, and the green laser can pass through the green laser collimator.
3. The interface regulating device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a laser scanning galvanometer and an f-theta mirror are arranged on the optical path of the coupled laser, and the coupled laser can be focused on a material interface through the scanning galvanometer and the f-theta mirror.
4. The interface control device for forming a heterogeneous material by using a coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 1, wherein the interface control device for forming a heterogeneous material by using a coaxial dual-wavelength laser further comprises a laser selective melting unit, a forming area is arranged on the laser selective melting unit, and the coupled laser is focused on a material interface in the forming area.
5. The interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual wavelength laser according to claim 4, further comprising a heterogeneous powder material presetting unit, wherein the heterogeneous powder material presetting unit comprises a moving guide rail and a powder hopper, the powder hopper is slidably connected with the moving guide rail, the powder hopper can move to the upper side of the forming area, and the powder hopper is used for sucking or discharging powder materials.
6. The interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 5, wherein a powder feeding nozzle and a powder sucking nozzle are arranged on the powder hopper, and the powder feeding nozzle and the powder sucking nozzle are communicated with the powder hopper.
7. The interface control device for forming heterogeneous materials by using coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 1, wherein the infrared laser in the coupled laser is coaxial with a light spot of the green laser, and the light spot size of the infrared laser is larger than the light spot size of the green laser.
8. The interface control device for forming a heterogeneous material by using a coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 3, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is connected with the infrared laser, the green laser, the scanning galvanometer and the f-theta mirror.
9. An interface regulating and controlling method of a coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material, which is applied to the interface regulating and controlling device of the coaxial dual-wavelength laser forming heterogeneous material as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized in that:
preparing different laser scanning model data according to different material properties, wherein the laser scanning model data comprises single material model data and interface area model data, slicing to obtain powder preset path data for powder conveying, importing the laser scanning model data and the powder preset path data, and loading each powder material;
paving a first powder material, sucking out redundant powder according to the preset powder path data to form a blank area, and filling a second powder material into the blank area according to the preset powder path data;
under the driving of interface area model data, scanning the interface area of the material by using coupled laser;
under the drive of single material model data, respectively selecting single-wavelength laser to scan a single material area according to different material properties, and completing the forming of the current layer part;
repeating the steps until the formation of the three-dimensional heterogeneous material part is completed.
10. The interface control method for forming heterogeneous materials by coaxial dual-wavelength laser according to claim 9, wherein the scanning of the material interface region by using coupled laser under the driving of the interface region model data further comprises:
adjusting the infrared laser and the green laser, changing the laser power output ratio of the infrared laser and the green laser, adjusting the infrared laser shaper and the green laser shaper, and changing the laser energy distribution of the infrared laser and the green laser;
the beam diameter and energy distribution of the coupled laser are adjusted by laser beam shaping according to the different laser absorption and heat conduction characteristics of the materials on both sides of the material interface, so that the high energy region is biased toward materials with high laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity and the low energy region is biased toward materials with low laser reflectivity or thermal conductivity.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116984631A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-11-03 | 苏州倍丰智能科技有限公司 | Integrated multi-laser directional scanning 3D printing system and method |
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