CN116569838A - Breeding method of early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety - Google Patents
Breeding method of early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012252 genetic analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010070716 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000005755 Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007621 cluster analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011157 data evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010362 genome editing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012194 insect media Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014639 sexual reproduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/122—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- A01H1/1245—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, e.g. pathogen, pest or disease resistance
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties, which comprises the following steps: screening materials, and selecting excellent varieties with early ripening properties and better disease resistance property expression; morphological evaluation, namely performing blue sea evaluation of premature and disease morphological characteristics on the screened individuals; genetic analysis, namely screening related gene sequences of pear precocity traits by adopting a related analysis technology of genomics; selecting and breeding, selecting and hybridizing target genes; subculture screening, namely screening the propagated seed individuals; and the mature period is monitored, so that the bred variety can adapt to market demands and the production efficiency is improved. The invention uses a three-line hybridization method to ensure that the F1 generation hybrid has higher levels of early maturing, disease resistance, high yield and other character performances, thereby improving the hybridization effect, increasing the genetic diversity, respectively matching the hybridization parents A, B, C, ensuring that the F1 generation hybrid has high heterozygosity and genetic diversity, and obtaining highly stable offspring varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pear variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method of early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties.
Background
The early-maturing disease-resistant pear is a pear variety with excellent characters of early maturing, high yield, disease resistance, strong adaptability and the like through targeted breeding selection and optimization, and has the following characteristics: strong precocity: the early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety has strong early-maturing property, can enter a mature period more than one month in advance, and improves the quality and price of fruits; high productivity: under the condition of fully utilizing nutrients and growing environment, the yield of the early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety can reach more than 1000 kg per mu; the early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety has high disease resistance, can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of various diseases such as anthracnose, powdery mildew and the like, and reduces the damage degree of pear trees; the adaptability is strong: the early-maturing disease-resistant pear variety has strong adaptability, and can grow and develop in different potted plants or in-situ growth environments;
the early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties in different areas can be planted effectively and cooperatively to form a huge and stable field pear forest, the early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties have excellent characters of early maturing, high yield, disease resistance, strong adaptability and the like, are important achievements for pear variety improvement, and have important significance for improving the yield and quality of pears and promoting the development of pear industry, so that a breeding method of the early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of early-maturing disease-resistant pear varieties, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a breeding method of early maturing disease-resistant pear varieties comprises the following steps:
step S1, material screening, namely selecting an excellent variety with early ripening characteristics and better disease resistance characteristics or a natural variant of pear as a breeding material;
s2, morphological evaluation, namely performing blue sea evaluation on the morphological characteristics of the precocity and the diseases of the screened individuals, continuously observing the characters of different individuals, and quantifying the data of character expression so as to determine the final good variety;
step S3, genetic analysis, namely, adopting a related analysis technology of genomics, carrying out data sequencing analysis, cluster analysis and gene as breeding selection basis, and screening related gene sequences of pear early-maturing characters by using a molecular biology technology, so as to lay a foundation for subsequent gene editing and elimination screening;
step S4, selecting and breeding, selecting and hybridizing target genes through reasonable mating combination, improving genetic diversity, reducing bad genes from entering or entering genome, and increasing breeding advantages of varieties;
step S5, subculture screening, screening the propagated seed individuals, and reserving dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance as continuous reference for subsequent breeding work after observing and measuring characters;
step S6, monitoring the maturity, wherein the variety breeding requires about years of experimental time, and the variety breeding is continuously upgraded and improved in the monitoring, so that the bred variety can adapt to market demands and improve the characteristics such as production efficiency, quality and the like;
further, in the step S2, the specific step of morphological evaluation is as follows:
and (3) material selection: selecting varieties or natural variants with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as breeding materials, and selecting varieties in different growth stages so as to observe and evaluate the changes of a plurality of different stages;
quantitative trait data: quantifying the blue sea data of the relevant core, such as fruit size, shape, color, texture, hardness position and the like, of the selected individual, and making the quantified data into a data report for data analysis and morphological evaluation;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal development and normal character expression of pear individuals during evaluation, the environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature, illumination and the like of the pear individuals are strictly controlled, so that the influence of environmental factors on the evaluation is avoided;
observation and measurement: the morphological characters of pear individuals are observed and measured in detail, data are recorded and collected, and data analysis and evaluation reports are established so as to analyze the excellent performance of each character characteristic and further obtain evaluation conclusion;
evaluation conclusion: the observed characters and the quantitative data are counted and analyzed to determine the difference existing between excellent individuals or varieties, and finally, the breeding varieties with the early-maturing disease-resistant high-quality characters are determined;
updating the standard: combining the evaluation result, making and adjusting new standards in time, and gradually confirming and exploring the new standards in the screening process;
further, in the step S4, a specific step of propagation is selected:
selecting a parent: selecting a good variety or a natural variant with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as a parent according to variety characteristics and requirements;
parent material treatment: the parents are effectively treated, and different treatment modes such as leaf smearing, insect media, chemical treatment and the like can be adopted to improve the sexual reproduction and genetic diversity of seeds;
the breeding method comprises the following steps: the method has a plurality of breeding means such as grafting, cutting, seed propagation and the like, and can reasonably select according to variety characteristics, propagation efficiency, economy and the like;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal growth and development of the propagation offspring, the environmental conditions such as nutrient, temperature, illumination and the like must be strictly controlled in the propagation process;
screening and breeding protection: screening and evaluating the offspring, reserving excellent individuals as materials for continuous reproduction, and adopting proper reproduction protection measures, such as pest control, fertilizer management and the like, so as to ensure the quality and the quantity of the offspring;
and (3) detecting the personality quality: performing early-maturing property test, disease morphological feature detection and the like on the selected excellent variety, continuously observing the performance properties of the excellent variety, evaluating and analyzing quantitative data to determine the final excellent variety;
further, in the step S5, the specific step of the secondary screening is as follows:
screening materials: selecting pear seeds and other materials which are subjected to timely screening and propagation protection as screening materials, and removing individuals which do not meet the standard and skeletons carrying bad genes;
determining screening criteria: according to the characteristics of the premature and disease resistance characters and market demands, reasonable screening standards are formulated, and are gradually confirmed and optimized in the screening process, wherein the screening standards comprise the aspects of the premature characters, scientific management, stress resistance, effective quality and the like;
standardized screening: listing the individuality aspects of tree shape, branch tip, flowering phase, breast bud and grafting as standard and index, and screening standardized and representative samples therefrom for application;
performing test evaluation: through comprehensive testing and evaluation of the breeding varieties, the factors such as environmental factors, growth conditions, the existence of diseases, defective fruits, percutaneous fractions and the like of production are considered, chemical radical treatment, physiological and genetic evaluation is carried out on the propagation and time of each sample, and comprehensive analysis and evaluation are carried out;
the variety with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance is reserved: after observing and measuring the characters, keeping dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance as continuous reference for subsequent breeding work, ensuring the quality and the quantity of offspring through breeding protection measures, and analyzing offspring to determine final excellent varieties;
further, in the step S4, the mating combination used for the selective propagation is specifically: three parents are subjected to artificial movable pollination by using a three-line hybridization method to obtain a mixed combination of ABC selected from F1 generation and F1 generation, namely an ABC seed combination, and a breeding variety with early maturity, high yield, disease resistance, stress resistance and excellent quality is obtained through selective breeding, wherein the three parents are respectively: group A is early maturing and high yield, group B is disease-resistant and stress-resistant, and group C is pear tree variety with good quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mating combination used for selective propagation in the invention is specifically as follows: the three-line hybridization method is used, so that the F1 generation hybrid has higher-level early maturing, disease resistance, high yield and other character performances, the hybridization effect is improved, the three-line hybridization method utilizes three parents to carry out hybridization, the genetic diversity of offspring varieties is increased, the display of offspring varieties is expanded, the genetic diversity is increased, the hybridization parents A, B, C are respectively matched, the F1 generation hybrid has high heterozygosity and genetic diversity, and the highly stable offspring varieties can be obtained;
2. the invention can select varieties with early maturity, disease resistance and strong adaptability through the secondary screening, thereby being capable of better adapting to stress pressure brought by different ecological environments, having more difficult-to-adapt land growth, greatly improving the adaptability and disease resistance of the varieties, evaluating the yield expression and quality characteristics of the offspring varieties through the secondary screening, further improving the yield and quality level of the offspring varieties, driving the upgrading and development of pear industry and improving the fruit industry benefit;
3. according to the invention, pear trees with early maturing and disease resistance are selected as parents, so that genome combination with better offspring varieties can be obtained, the selection propagation method can play a role in optimizing the genome combination, the comprehensive properties of offspring varieties are improved, and the offspring varieties with stronger disease resistance and adaptability can be obtained through screening and optimization of propagation offspring, thereby improving the adaptability, disease resistance and stress resistance of the varieties and being suitable for growth constraint of specific ecological environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a breeding method of a variety of early maturing and disease-resistant pears.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a breeding method of early maturing disease-resistant pear varieties comprises the following steps:
step S1, material screening, namely selecting an excellent variety with early ripening characteristics and better disease resistance characteristics or a natural variant of pear as a breeding material;
s2, morphological evaluation, namely performing blue sea evaluation on the morphological characteristics of the precocity and the diseases of the screened individuals, continuously observing the characters of different individuals, and quantifying the data of character expression so as to determine the final good variety;
step S3, genetic analysis, namely, adopting a related analysis technology of genomics, carrying out data sequencing analysis, cluster analysis and gene as breeding selection basis, and screening related gene sequences of pear early-maturing characters by using a molecular biology technology, so as to lay a foundation for subsequent gene editing and elimination screening;
step S4, selecting and breeding, selecting and hybridizing target genes through reasonable mating combination, improving genetic diversity, reducing bad genes from entering or entering genome, and increasing breeding advantages of varieties;
step S5, subculture screening, screening the propagated seed individuals, and reserving dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance as continuous reference for subsequent breeding work after observing and measuring characters;
step S6, monitoring the maturity, wherein the variety breeding requires about years of experimental time, and the variety breeding is continuously upgraded and improved in the monitoring, so that the bred variety can adapt to market demands and improve the characteristics such as production efficiency, quality and the like;
in the present invention, in the step S2, the specific step of morphological evaluation is as follows:
and (3) material selection: selecting varieties or natural variants with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as breeding materials, and selecting varieties in different growth stages so as to observe and evaluate the changes of a plurality of different stages;
quantitative trait data: quantifying the blue sea data of the relevant core, such as fruit size, shape, color, texture, hardness position and the like, of the selected individual, and making the quantified data into a data report for data analysis and morphological evaluation;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal development and normal character expression of pear individuals during evaluation, the environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature, illumination and the like of the pear individuals are strictly controlled, so that the influence of environmental factors on the evaluation is avoided;
observation and measurement: the morphological characters of pear individuals are observed and measured in detail, data are recorded and collected, and data analysis and evaluation reports are established so as to analyze the excellent performance of each character characteristic and further obtain evaluation conclusion;
evaluation conclusion: the observed characters and the quantitative data are counted and analyzed to determine the difference existing between excellent individuals or varieties, and finally, the breeding varieties with the early-maturing disease-resistant high-quality characters are determined;
updating the standard: combining the evaluation result, making and adjusting new standards in time, and gradually confirming and exploring the new standards in the screening process;
in the present invention, in the step S4, a specific step of propagation is selected:
selecting a parent: selecting a good variety or a natural variant with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as a parent according to variety characteristics and requirements;
parent material treatment: the parents are effectively treated, and different treatment modes such as leaf smearing, insect media, chemical treatment and the like can be adopted to improve the sexual reproduction and genetic diversity of seeds;
the breeding method comprises the following steps: the method has a plurality of breeding means such as grafting, cutting, seed propagation and the like, and can reasonably select according to variety characteristics, propagation efficiency, economy and the like;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal growth and development of the propagation offspring, the environmental conditions such as nutrient, temperature, illumination and the like must be strictly controlled in the propagation process;
screening and breeding protection: screening and evaluating the offspring, reserving excellent individuals as materials for continuous reproduction, and adopting proper reproduction protection measures, such as pest control, fertilizer management and the like, so as to ensure the quality and the quantity of the offspring;
and (3) detecting the personality quality: performing early-maturing property test, disease morphological feature detection and the like on the selected excellent variety, continuously observing the performance properties of the excellent variety, evaluating and analyzing quantitative data to determine the final excellent variety;
in the present invention, in the step S5, the specific step of the secondary screening is as follows:
screening materials: selecting pear seeds and other materials which are subjected to timely screening and propagation protection as screening materials, and removing individuals which do not meet the standard and skeletons carrying bad genes;
determining screening criteria: according to the characteristics of the premature and disease resistance characters and market demands, reasonable screening standards are formulated, and are gradually confirmed and optimized in the screening process, wherein the screening standards comprise the aspects of the premature characters, scientific management, stress resistance, effective quality and the like;
standardized screening: listing the individuality aspects of tree shape, branch tip, flowering phase, breast bud and grafting as standard and index, and screening standardized and representative samples therefrom for application;
performing test evaluation: through comprehensive testing and evaluation of the breeding varieties, the factors such as environmental factors, growth conditions, the existence of diseases, defective fruits, percutaneous fractions and the like of production are considered, chemical radical treatment, physiological and genetic evaluation is carried out on the propagation and time of each sample, and comprehensive analysis and evaluation are carried out;
the variety with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance is reserved: after observing and measuring the characters, keeping dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance as continuous reference for subsequent breeding work, ensuring the quality and the quantity of offspring through breeding protection measures, and analyzing offspring to determine final excellent varieties;
in the present invention, in the step S4, the mating combination used for the selective propagation is specifically: three parents are subjected to artificial movable pollination by using a three-line hybridization method to obtain a mixed combination of ABC selected from F1 generation and F1 generation, namely an ABC seed combination, and a breeding variety with early maturity, high yield, disease resistance, stress resistance and excellent quality is obtained through selective breeding, wherein the three parents are respectively: group A is early maturing and high yield, group B is disease-resistant and stress-resistant, and group C is pear tree variety with good quality.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of early maturing disease-resistant pear varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, material screening, namely selecting an excellent variety with early ripening characteristics and better disease resistance characteristics or a natural variant of pear as a breeding material;
s2, morphological evaluation, namely performing blue sea evaluation on the morphological characteristics of the precocity and the diseases of the screened individuals, continuously observing the characters of different individuals, and quantifying the data of character expression so as to determine the final good variety;
step S3, genetic analysis, namely, adopting a related analysis technology of genomics, carrying out data sequencing analysis, cluster analysis and gene as breeding selection basis, and screening related gene sequences of pear early-maturing characters by using a molecular biology technology, so as to lay a foundation for subsequent gene editing and elimination screening;
step S4, selecting and breeding, selecting and hybridizing target genes through reasonable mating combination, improving genetic diversity, reducing bad genes from entering or entering genome, and increasing breeding advantages of varieties;
step S5, subculture screening, screening the propagated seed individuals, and reserving dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance as continuous reference for subsequent breeding work after observing and measuring characters;
and S6, monitoring the maturity, wherein the variety breeding requires about years of experimental time, and the method is continuously updated and improved in the monitoring, so that the bred variety can adapt to market demands and improve the characteristics such as production efficiency, quality and the like.
2. The method for breeding early maturing and disease-resistant pear varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the specific step of morphological evaluation is as follows:
and (3) material selection: selecting varieties or natural variants with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as breeding materials, and selecting varieties in different growth stages so as to observe and evaluate the changes of a plurality of different stages;
quantitative trait data: quantifying the blue sea data of the relevant core, such as fruit size, shape, color, texture, hardness position and the like, of the selected individual, and making the quantified data into a data report for data analysis and morphological evaluation;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal development and normal character expression of pear individuals during evaluation, the environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature, illumination and the like of the pear individuals are strictly controlled, so that the influence of environmental factors on the evaluation is avoided;
observation and measurement: the morphological characters of pear individuals are observed and measured in detail, data are recorded and collected, and data analysis and evaluation reports are established so as to analyze the excellent performance of each character characteristic and further obtain evaluation conclusion;
evaluation conclusion: the observed characters and the quantitative data are counted and analyzed to determine the difference existing between excellent individuals or varieties, and finally, the breeding varieties with the early-maturing disease-resistant high-quality characters are determined;
updating the standard: and combining the evaluation result, making and adjusting new standards in time, and gradually confirming and exploring the new standards in the screening process.
3. The method for breeding early maturing and disease-resistant pear varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, a specific step of propagation is selected:
selecting a parent: selecting a good variety or a natural variant with early maturing characters and disease resistance characters as a parent according to variety characteristics and requirements;
parent material treatment: the parents are effectively treated, and different treatment modes such as leaf smearing, insect media, chemical treatment and the like can be adopted to improve the sexual reproduction and genetic diversity of seeds;
the breeding method comprises the following steps: the method has a plurality of breeding means such as grafting, cutting, seed propagation and the like, and can reasonably select according to variety characteristics, propagation efficiency, economy and the like;
control of propagation conditions: in order to ensure the normal growth and development of the propagation offspring, the environmental conditions such as nutrient, temperature, illumination and the like must be strictly controlled in the propagation process;
screening and breeding protection: screening and evaluating the offspring, reserving excellent individuals as materials for continuous reproduction, and adopting proper reproduction protection measures, such as pest control, fertilizer management and the like, so as to ensure the quality and the quantity of the offspring;
and (3) detecting the personality quality: and (3) carrying out early ripening property test, disease morphological feature detection and the like on the selected excellent variety, continuously observing the performance properties, evaluating and analyzing quantitative data to determine the final excellent variety.
4. The method for breeding early maturing and disease-resistant pear varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S5, the specific step of the secondary screening is as follows:
screening materials: selecting pear seeds and other materials which are subjected to timely screening and propagation protection as screening materials, and removing individuals which do not meet the standard and skeletons carrying bad genes;
determining screening criteria: according to the characteristics of the premature and disease resistance characters and market demands, reasonable screening standards are formulated, and are gradually confirmed and optimized in the screening process, wherein the screening standards comprise the aspects of the premature characters, scientific management, stress resistance, effective quality and the like;
standardized screening: listing the individuality aspects of tree shape, branch tip, flowering phase, breast bud and grafting as standard and index, and screening standardized and representative samples therefrom for application;
performing test evaluation: through comprehensive testing and evaluation of the breeding varieties, the factors such as environmental factors, growth conditions, the existence of diseases, defective fruits, percutaneous fractions and the like of production are considered, chemical radical treatment, physiological and genetic evaluation is carried out on the propagation and time of each sample, and comprehensive analysis and evaluation are carried out;
the variety with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance is reserved: after observing and measuring the characters, the dwarf pear seeds with high yield, disease resistance and strong stress resistance are reserved and used as continuous references for subsequent breeding work, the quality and the number of offspring can be ensured by the breeding protection measures, and offspring analysis is carried out to determine the final excellent variety.
5. The method for breeding early maturing and disease-resistant pear varieties according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the mating combination used for the selective propagation is specifically: three parents are subjected to artificial movable pollination by using a three-line hybridization method to obtain a mixed combination of ABC selected from F1 generation and F1 generation, namely an ABC seed combination, and a breeding variety with early maturity, high yield, disease resistance, stress resistance and excellent quality is obtained through selective breeding, wherein the three parents are respectively: group A is early maturing and high yield, group B is disease-resistant and stress-resistant, and group C is pear tree variety with good quality.
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| CN108934512A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽德丰生态农业有限公司 | A kind of selection of early-maturing variety apple bergamot pear |
| KR102141916B1 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-08-06 | 김성아 | New Pear and the Method for Breeding the Same |
| CN111670804A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-18 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Efficient pear tree breeding method |
| CN111713331A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-29 | 禹州市瑞华生态农业开发有限公司 | Efficient rot disease-resistant early-stage selective breeding method for pear trees |
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2023
- 2023-06-06 CN CN202310661682.XA patent/CN116569838A/en active Pending
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| CN1236539A (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 1999-12-01 | 李秀根 | Breeding technique for red skin pear |
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| KR102141916B1 (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-08-06 | 김성아 | New Pear and the Method for Breeding the Same |
| CN111670804A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-18 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Efficient pear tree breeding method |
| CN111713331A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-29 | 禹州市瑞华生态农业开发有限公司 | Efficient rot disease-resistant early-stage selective breeding method for pear trees |
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