CN116565570A - A novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于人工电磁材料技术领域，尤其为一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，由衬底和四重耦合开口谐振环构成，四重耦合开口谐振环是四个成镜面对称的耦合开口谐振环单元通过X型铜箔条连接在一起，耦合开口谐振环由两个圆形开口谐振环和一个方形开口谐振环嵌套且互连在一起。本发明提供的一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，其透射系数(S21)覆盖S、C和X波段，具有六个共振点，通过调整共振区的覆盖面积，实现谐振频率可调谐，在微波和通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial electromagnetic materials, especially a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror symmetrical configuration, which is composed of a substrate and a quadruple coupled split resonator ring, and the quadruple coupled split resonator ring is composed of four mirror surfaces The symmetrical coupling split resonator units are connected together through X-shaped copper foil strips, and the coupling split resonator is nested and interconnected by two circular split resonators and a square split resonator. The present invention provides a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror symmetrical configuration, its transmission coefficient (S21) covers S, C and X bands, and has six resonance points, and the resonance is realized by adjusting the coverage area of the resonance region The frequency is tunable and has broad application prospects in the microwave and communication fields.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及人工电磁材料技术领域，具体为一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器。超材料是一种具有异于自然材料的特殊结构，能够实现在宏观尺度下对电磁波的精确调控。而谐振器则是一种能够实现在特定频率处产生共振现象的电路元件。超材料谐振器综合了这两个领域的技术，使得其在微波和通信等领域中应用广泛。The invention relates to the technical field of artificial electromagnetic materials, in particular to a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror symmetrical configuration. Metamaterial is a special structure different from natural materials, which can realize the precise regulation of electromagnetic waves at the macro scale. A resonator is a circuit element that can achieve resonance at a specific frequency. Metamaterial resonators combine technologies from these two fields, making them widely used in microwave and communication fields.
背景技术Background technique
超材料是由人工加工而成的新型复合材料，是由具有特定几何形状和特定材料的基本单元在空间中进行周期性或非周期性排列构成，其具体的功能取决于基本单元的结构。超材料因其具有负介电常数、负磁导率、负折射率等超常的电磁特性，在射频和近红外光谱领域引起了广泛的关注。Metamaterial is a new type of composite material processed artificially. It is composed of basic units with specific geometric shapes and specific materials that are arranged periodically or aperiodically in space, and its specific functions depend on the structure of the basic units. Metamaterials have attracted extensive attention in the fields of radio frequency and near-infrared spectroscopy due to their extraordinary electromagnetic properties such as negative permittivity, negative magnetic permeability, and negative refractive index.
由于亚波长元原子的周期性排列，基于超材料的人工结构具有控制和操纵电磁波振幅、相位和极化的能力；然而，在一定谐振频率下，实现超材料结构的单负或双负设计仍然很困难。Due to the periodic arrangement of subwavelength meta-atoms, artificial structures based on metamaterials have the ability to control and manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves; however, at a certain resonant frequency, the realization of single-negative or double-negative designs of metamaterial structures remains Very difficult.
此外，一旦结构被固定制造出来，缺少可调节性，使其工作的频率受到限制，从而限制了其在实用中的灵活性。In addition, once the structure is fixed and manufactured, the lack of adjustability limits the frequency of its operation, thereby limiting its flexibility in practical use.
因此，研究各种超材料结构以及频率调谐技术是实现多波段无线通信的必要条件。Therefore, studying various metamaterial structures and frequency tuning techniques is a necessary condition for realizing multi-band wireless communication.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)解决的技术问题(1) Solved technical problems
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，在谐振器的六个共振点处，均实现了双负的介电常数和磁导率，从而达到共振效果；另外，谐振器的三明治式结构，可以通过调节上方衬底的覆盖面积，实现共振点的可调性，解决了上述背景技术中所提出的问题。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with a mirror-symmetrical configuration. At the six resonance points of the resonator, double negative permittivity and permeability are realized. , so as to achieve the resonance effect; in addition, the sandwich structure of the resonator can realize the adjustability of the resonance point by adjusting the coverage area of the upper substrate, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solution
本发明为了实现上述目的具体采用以下技术方案：The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions in order to achieve the above object:
一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，由衬底和四重耦合开口谐振环构成，四重耦合开口谐振环是四个成镜面对称的耦合开口谐振环单元通过X型铜箔条连接在一起，耦合开口谐振环由两个圆形开口谐振环和一个方形开口谐振环嵌套且互连在一起。A novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with a mirror-symmetric configuration, consisting of a substrate and a quadruple-coupled split-ring resonator, which is four mirror-symmetrically coupled split-ring resonators united by X-shaped copper The foil strips are connected together, and the coupling split resonator is nested and interconnected by two circular split resonators and a square split resonator.
进一步地，两个圆形开口谐振环的槽成互补状态，方形谐振环开槽均超内；Further, the slots of the two circular split resonant rings are in a complementary state, and the slots of the square resonant rings are all superficial;
进一步地，所述衬底由10*10*1.575mm的Rogers5880构成；Further, the substrate is made of Rogers5880 of 10*10*1.575mm;
进一步地，所述四重耦合开口谐振环是由厚度为0.035mm的铜箔构成。Further, the quadruple coupled split resonator ring is made of copper foil with a thickness of 0.035mm.
进一步地，所述圆形开口谐振环和方形开口谐振环缝隙是0.4mm。Further, the gap between the circular split resonator and the square split resonator is 0.4 mm.
进一步地，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器在S、C和X波段，产生六个共振点。Further, the novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration produces six resonance points in the S, C, and X bands.
进一步地，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器等效成实际LC电路图。Further, this novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration is equivalent to an actual LC circuit diagram.
进一步地，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器在三明治式结构上，通过调节上方覆盖面积，实现谐振点可调节。Further, the novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration realizes adjustable resonance point by adjusting the upper coverage area on the sandwich structure.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，具备以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror symmetrical configuration, which has the following beneficial effects:
电磁吸收超材料中的谐振单元由金属材料构成，具有以下优点：容易制备，金属是一种常见的材料，容易获得、处理和加工，降低制备过程的复杂度和成本；高导电性：金属具有良好的导电性，能够有效地吸收入射电磁波，并将其转化成电流和热能。The resonance unit in the electromagnetic absorption metamaterial is composed of metal materials, which have the following advantages: easy to prepare, metal is a common material, easy to obtain, handle and process, and reduce the complexity and cost of the preparation process; high conductivity: metal has Good electrical conductivity, can effectively absorb incident electromagnetic waves and convert them into electric current and heat energy.
本发明提供的一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器选取三个不同的缺陷环谐振器嵌套在一起，利用金属的局域表面等离子体共振，使其透射系数(S21)覆盖S、C和X波段，具有六个共振点。谐振器利用其共振点，让某个或某段频率信号通过，阻挡其他频率信号，达到选择的目的，当信号频率与谐振器固有频率相等时，该信号顺利通过，当信号频率与谐振器的频率相差太多时，信号被阻碍，共振点在不同波段，应用场景也不同，共振点在S波段可以应用中继、卫星通信、雷达；共振点在C波段，用于通信卫星下行传输信号；共振点在X波段，可以应用在空间研究、广播卫星、地球探测卫星、气象卫星等用途。The present invention provides a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with a mirror-symmetric configuration. Three different defect ring resonators are selected to be nested together, and the localized surface plasmon resonance of the metal is used to make the transmission coefficient (S21) Covers S, C and X bands with six resonance points. The resonator uses its resonance point to let a certain frequency signal pass through and block other frequency signals to achieve the purpose of selection. When the signal frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the resonator, the signal passes smoothly. When the signal frequency is equal to the resonator's When the frequency difference is too large, the signal is blocked. The resonance point is in different bands, and the application scenarios are also different. The resonance point is in the S-band, which can be used for relay, satellite communication, and radar; the resonance point is in the C-band, which is used for downlink transmission of communication satellites. Resonance The point is in the X-band, which can be used in space research, broadcast satellites, earth exploration satellites, weather satellites, etc.
通过调整共振区的覆盖面积，实现谐振频率可调谐，可协调性使得他能够使用不同频率的应用需求，同时还可以提高品质因数、低损耗等性能要求，此外频率可调节，可以使超材料谐振器提高滤波器、天线、功率放大器、振荡器等器件的性能和可靠性。By adjusting the coverage area of the resonant area, the resonant frequency can be tuned. Coordination enables him to use different frequency application requirements, and at the same time can improve performance requirements such as quality factor and low loss. In addition, the frequency can be adjusted to make metamaterials resonate. Transducers improve the performance and reliability of filters, antennas, power amplifiers, oscillators, and more.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明超材料谐振器的3D图；Fig. 1 is the 3D figure of metamaterial resonator of the present invention;
图2是本发明超表面谐振器贴片的主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the metasurface resonator patch of the present invention;
图3是本发明超材料谐振器的S21参数曲线图；Fig. 3 is the S21 parameter graph of metamaterial resonator of the present invention;
图4是本发明超材料谐振器的ADS等效电路图；Fig. 4 is the ADS equivalent circuit diagram of the metamaterial resonator of the present invention;
图5是本发明的S21参数ADS中电路仿真与CST三维结构仿真比较图；Fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of circuit simulation and CST three-dimensional structure simulation in the S21 parameter ADS of the present invention;
图6是本发明的三明治式结构；Fig. 6 is a sandwich structure of the present invention;
图7是本发明的不同覆盖面积三明治式结构的S21参数仿真图；Fig. 7 is the S21 parameter simulation diagram of the sandwich structure of different coverage areas of the present invention;
图8是本发明的实际测量与CST仿真的传输系数(S21)参数比较图。Fig. 8 is a comparison diagram of the transmission coefficient (S21) parameter between the actual measurement and the CST simulation of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例Example
如图1所示，本发明一个实施例提出的一种具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器，由衬底和四重耦合开口谐振环构成，四重耦合开口谐振环是四个成镜面对称的耦合开口谐振环单元通过X型铜箔条连接在一起，由于镜像对称结构，消除了耦合开口谐振单元之间的交叉耦合效应，从而使谐振单元与四重耦合开口谐振环之间的共振偏差最小化，耦合开口谐振环由两个圆形开口谐振环和一个方形开口谐振环嵌套且互连在一起，开口谐振环可以在特定频率下形成一个谐振回路，使得微波信号可以被传输或者放大；使用圆形开口谐振环有以下优点：圆形几何形状具有对称性，因此更能实现更均匀的电场和磁场分布；其次圆形开口谐振环的谐振频率与环的直径有关，可以控制环的大小调整谐振频率，方形开口谐振环的优点：方形几何形状具有更简单的结构和对称性，方形开口谐振环比圆形的更容易进行数值模拟和优化设计，使用圆形和方形开口谐振环嵌套在一起，多层结构可以有多个频点的谐振，谐振点越多，覆盖波段越广，所应用的范围和场景也越多。As shown in Figure 1, a novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with a mirror-symmetric configuration proposed by an embodiment of the present invention consists of a substrate and a quadruple-coupled split resonator ring, and the quadruple-coupled split-ring resonator is four The mirror-symmetrical coupled split-ring resonators are connected together by X-shaped copper foil strips. Due to the mirror-symmetric structure, the cross-coupling effect between the coupled split-ring resonators is eliminated, so that the resonance unit and the quadruple coupled split-ring resonators are connected together. The resonance deviation is minimized. The coupling split resonator is nested and interconnected by two circular split resonators and a square split resonator. The split resonator can form a resonant circuit at a specific frequency, so that the microwave signal can be Transmission or amplification; using a circular split resonant ring has the following advantages: the circular geometry is symmetrical, so it can achieve a more uniform electric field and magnetic field distribution; secondly, the resonant frequency of the circular split resonant ring is related to the diameter of the ring, which can The size of the control ring adjusts the resonant frequency, the advantages of the square split resonator: the square geometry has a simpler structure and symmetry, the square split resonator is easier to numerically simulate and optimize the design than the circular one, using the circular and square split The rings are nested together, and the multi-layer structure can have resonances of multiple frequency points. The more resonance points, the wider the coverage band, and the more application ranges and scenarios.
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，两个圆形开口谐振环的槽成互补状态，方形谐振环开槽均超内；当圆形开口谐振环开槽互补和方形谐振环开槽均朝内时，传输通道变窄，能量被高度集中并存储，提高品质因数，改善损耗和漏波阻塞效应。As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the grooves of the two circular split resonant rings are in a complementary state, and the slots of the square resonant ring are all inward; when the slots of the circular split resonant ring are complementary and the slots of the square resonant ring are both When facing inward, the transmission channel becomes narrower, the energy is highly concentrated and stored, the quality factor is improved, and the loss and leaky wave blocking effect are improved.
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，所述衬底由10*10*1.575mm的Rogers5880构成，该材料在宽频率范围内具有均匀的电性能，吸湿性低，可以适用于高湿度环境，此外，由于该发明工作频段在2-12GHz，因此使用了高频区域性能良好的Rogers5880作为衬底，衬底尺寸选用1010mm2,是为了使得四重耦合开口谐振环相对于目标频率范围的波长足够小。As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the substrate is made of 10*10*1.575mm Rogers5880, which has uniform electrical properties in a wide frequency range, low hygroscopicity, and can be used in high humidity environments , in addition, because the working frequency band of the invention is 2-12GHz, Rogers5880 with good performance in the high-frequency region is used as the substrate, and the substrate size is selected as 1010mm2, in order to make the wavelength of the quadruple coupled split resonator ring sufficient for the target frequency range Small.
如图2所示，在一些实施例中，所述四重耦合开口谐振环是由厚度为0.035mm的铜箔构成；首先，由于谐振器的频率与其几何尺寸和介电常数有关，选用较薄的铜片可以降低谐振器的等效电容，从而提高谐振频率，其次较薄的铜箔可以降低谐振器的金属电阻损耗，提高谐振器的品质因素，减小信号的衰减。As shown in Figure 2, in some embodiments, the quadruple coupling split resonator is made of copper foil with a thickness of 0.035mm; first, since the frequency of the resonator is related to its geometric size and dielectric constant, a thinner The thinner copper sheet can reduce the equivalent capacitance of the resonator, thereby increasing the resonance frequency, and the thinner copper foil can reduce the metal resistance loss of the resonator, improve the quality factor of the resonator, and reduce the attenuation of the signal.
如图2所示，在一些实施例中，所述圆形开口谐振环和方形开口谐振环缝隙是0.4mm；在仿真中，通过调整、改变圆环和方形的尺寸及分裂间隙，优化超材料谐振器，发现当谐振环的缝隙为0.4mm可以使谐振器达到最佳响应。As shown in Figure 2, in some embodiments, the gap between the circular split resonator and the square split resonator is 0.4mm; in the simulation, the metamaterial is optimized by adjusting and changing the size and splitting gap of the ring and square It was found that the best response of the resonator can be achieved when the gap of the resonant ring is 0.4mm.
如图3所示，在一些实施例中，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器在S、C和X波段，产生六个共振点；在CST仿真中的S21仿真参数结果如图3所示，由图可以发现分别在2.452GHz，4.267GHz，6.874GHz，8.986GHz，10.702GHz，11.648GHz，发生共振，超材料谐振器的目的是在特定频率范围内实现高效的电磁波传输或能量转换，产生更多的谐振点可以增加谐振器的频带宽度和灵敏度，从而提高其性能和应用范围，此外，通过适当设计谐振点的位置和强度，可以实现对不同频率的选择性过滤和放大，通过优化和调整开口谐振环，超材料谐振器可以产生六个谐振点。超材料谐振器利用其谐振点，在微波和通信领域有广泛应用，在微波领域：超材料谐振器可以用于设计可调谐滤波器，通过改变电容或电感元件的参数实现频率可调节；可以用作微带天线的基本单元，对谐振器的设计和调节，可以使得微带天线具有多种优良特性；可以用于微波传感器，如湿度、温度或压力传感器，这些传感器可以用于医疗、安全和控制等方面。在通信领域：超材料谐振器可以用于设计高性能的滤波器，这些滤波器可以有效地过滤不需要的频率分量，从而提高通信系统的带宽和噪声抗干扰性。As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments, this novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration produces six resonance points in S, C and X bands; the S21 simulation parameter results in CST simulation are as follows As shown in Figure 3, it can be found from the figure that resonance occurs at 2.452GHz, 4.267GHz, 6.874GHz, 8.986GHz, 10.702GHz, and 11.648GHz respectively. The purpose of the metamaterial resonator is to achieve efficient electromagnetic wave transmission or Energy conversion, generating more resonance points can increase the frequency bandwidth and sensitivity of the resonator, thereby improving its performance and application range. In addition, by properly designing the position and strength of resonance points, selective filtering and amplification of different frequencies can be achieved , by optimizing and tuning the split resonant ring, the metamaterial resonator can generate six resonance points. Metamaterial resonators use their resonant points and are widely used in the microwave and communication fields. In the microwave field: metamaterial resonators can be used to design tunable filters, and the frequency can be adjusted by changing the parameters of capacitance or inductance components; it can be used As the basic unit of the microstrip antenna, the design and adjustment of the resonator can make the microstrip antenna have a variety of excellent characteristics; it can be used for microwave sensors, such as humidity, temperature or pressure sensors, which can be used for medical, safety and control etc. In the field of communication: Metamaterial resonators can be used to design high-performance filters that can effectively filter unwanted frequency components, thereby improving the bandwidth and noise immunity of communication systems.
如图4所示，在一些实施例中，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器等效成实际LC电路图；电路图可以将复杂的物理结构简化为一个包含少数元件的电路模型，方便进行分析和设计，通过对等效电路的参数和特性进行计算、模拟和优化，可以实现更精确的控制和调节谐振器的频率、宽带和响应等性能。As shown in Figure 4, in some embodiments, the novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration is equivalent to an actual LC circuit diagram; the circuit diagram can simplify the complex physical structure into a circuit model containing a few components, It is convenient for analysis and design. By calculating, simulating and optimizing the parameters and characteristics of the equivalent circuit, more precise control and adjustment of the frequency, bandwidth and response of the resonator can be achieved.
如图5所示，在一些实施例中，该具有镜面对称配置的新型偏振不敏感超材料谐振器在三明治式结构上，通过调节上方覆盖面积，实现谐振点可调节；缺乏可调性限制了实际应用的灵活性，在实际应用中，一旦失误被制造出来，工作频率就被固定了，我们所提出的三明治式超材料谐振器，通过调节上面衬底的覆盖面积，实现谐振点的平移，有带宽扩展、信号增强、频率调制的优点；将衬底放置在超材料谐振器结构上，当电磁波发射时，入射场与之相互作用，谐振器上的衬底会影响整体结构的有效介电常数，因此谐振频率发生变化，随着介质覆盖面积的变化，整体结构的有效介电常数也随之变化，实现谐振点可调性。As shown in Fig. 5, in some embodiments, the novel polarization-insensitive metamaterial resonator with mirror-symmetric configuration is on a sandwich structure, and the resonant point can be adjusted by adjusting the upper coverage area; the lack of tunability limits the The flexibility of practical applications. In practical applications, once the fault is manufactured, the operating frequency is fixed. The sandwich metamaterial resonator we proposed realizes the translation of the resonance point by adjusting the coverage area of the upper substrate. It has the advantages of bandwidth expansion, signal enhancement, and frequency modulation; when the substrate is placed on the metamaterial resonator structure, when the electromagnetic wave is emitted, the incident field interacts with it, and the substrate on the resonator will affect the effective dielectric of the overall structure Constant, so the resonant frequency changes, and as the dielectric coverage area changes, the effective dielectric constant of the overall structure also changes, realizing the adjustability of the resonant point.
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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