CN116562189A - Optimization method, system and storage medium of plugging particle material for dynamic crack leakage - Google Patents

Optimization method, system and storage medium of plugging particle material for dynamic crack leakage Download PDF

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CN116562189A
CN116562189A CN202310614687.7A CN202310614687A CN116562189A CN 116562189 A CN116562189 A CN 116562189A CN 202310614687 A CN202310614687 A CN 202310614687A CN 116562189 A CN116562189 A CN 116562189A
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plugging
fracture
rock mass
particles
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李中
冯桓榰
幸雪松
岳家平
唐洪明
邢希金
何松
谷林
李振波
秦玮
赵峰
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Beijing Research Center of CNOOC China Ltd
CNOOC China Ltd
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    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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Abstract

The invention discloses a preferred method for plugging a granular material for dynamic fracture leakage. The method comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring an adjacent well fracture rock mass similar to the geological condition of a lost stratum in drilling, and reconstructing a fracture solid model in a normal pressure state; s2, obtaining the ground stress and pore pressure of the target layer and rock mechanical parameters of the fractured rock mass, and simulating to obtain dynamic fracture geometric characteristics; s3, building a physical model of the crack in the process of transporting and plugging the plugging particles; s4, judging the plugging effect; s5, if the judging result shows that the pressure bearing strength and the compactness meet the requirements, plugging by adopting a corresponding formula; if the requirements are not met, the granular material formula is adjusted in a targeted manner, and S3-S4 are repeated until a reasonable plugging formula is selected. The invention simulates the plugging process of plugging particles in the fracture on the basis of reducing the geometric characteristics of the dynamic underground fracture, can evaluate the plugging effect intuitively, rapidly, economically and quantitatively, and optimizes a better plugging formula.

Description

Optimization method, system and storage medium of plugging particle material for dynamic crack leakage
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preferred method, a system and a storage medium for plugging particulate materials aiming at dynamic fracture leakage, belonging to the technical field of fracture oil and gas reservoir leakage control in the petroleum and natural gas industry.
Background
Fracture leakage refers to leakage of working fluid through natural fractures or induced fractures, which is common in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir drilling and completion processes. The leakage can greatly increase the non-production time, induce accidents such as collapse, drilling sticking and overflow, and the like, can cause massive invasion of external liquid-solid phases into a reservoir, and cause serious reservoir damage, and becomes a main technical problem for restricting quality improvement and efficiency improvement of drilling engineering. At present, aiming at the leakage of a fractured reservoir, a releasable particle system is compressed into the fracture under high pressure, and then a compact high-strength plugging layer is formed through the actions of bridging, stacking, filling and the like, so that the leakage control means (also called plugging) is still main.
In the aspect of evaluating the plugging effect of the fractured stratum, the method is single, most of the method adopts an improved plugging instrument and a core for evaluation, but the method is limited by an experimental instrument, and has the advantages of poor quantification, poor timeliness, strong experience and low accuracy. The conventional experimental method adopts a plurality of crack modules which are regular steel plate cracks, and is difficult to simulate underground complex crack geometric forms. Moreover, as the earth stresses around the wellbore redistribute during the drilling of the fractured formations, this will cause dynamic deformation of the fracture, resulting in different drilling fluid and lost circulation particulate transport, plugging behavior, which is not considered by current methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preferred method for plugging particulate materials for dynamic fracture leakage, which can realize visualization, quantification, rapidness and economical evaluation, optimize the plugging effect of a plugging particulate material formula in a downhole dynamic fracture space and provide technical support for improving the disposable plugging success rate of a fractured reservoir.
The preferred method for plugging the granular material for the dynamic fracture leakage provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a crack rock mass of an adjacent well with highest similarity to geological conditions of a lost stratum of a drilling well, acquiring crack surface point cloud data of the crack rock mass, and reversely reconstructing a crack solid model in a normal pressure state;
s2, obtaining the ground stress and pore pressure of the target layer and the rock mechanical parameters of the fractured rock mass, calculating the bottom hole pressure according to the drilling fluid density, and obtaining dynamic fracture geometric features through a finite element method in a simulation mode;
s3, solidifying and meshing the dynamic cracks, adding a seepage field according to drilling engineering parameters, giving corresponding flow parameters, and establishing a crack physical model in the transportation and plugging process of plugging particles by combining the geometric parameters, mechanical parameters and proportions of plugging particle materials;
s4, simulating the plugging state of plugging particles in the cracks by adopting a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) -Discrete Element (DEM) coupling method, evaluating plugging compactness according to the change of the crack permeability, evaluating the bearing strength by adopting a force chain structure, and comprehensively judging the plugging effect by combining the visual distribution of the plugging particles;
s5, if the judging result shows that the bearing strength and the compactness meet the engineering requirements, plugging by adopting a corresponding formula; if the plugging effect does not meet the requirement, the granular material formula is adjusted according to the compactness and the bearing strength, and the steps S3-S4 are repeated until a reasonable plugging formula is selected.
In the above preferred method, in step S1, the obtained fractured rock mass should represent a downhole fracture characteristic;
the length of the short side of the fractured rock mass is larger than 100 times of the particle size of the maximum plugging particles;
measuring the joint surface point cloud data of the fractured rock mass by adopting a 3D raster scanning system, wherein the sampling interval is smaller than the minimum value of the particle size of the plugging particles;
and determining the spatial relationship between the single fracture surface and the fracture body by adopting a feature recognition algorithm so as to reconstruct the fracture solid model.
In the above preferred method, in step S2, the rock mechanical parameters include rock density, young 'S modulus, poisson' S ratio and internal friction angle.
In the above preferred method, in step S2, the conditions of the finite element method are as follows:
the boundary conditions are set as follows: applying horizontal maximum principal stress to the top and bottom of the fractured rock mass, respectively applying minimum principal stress and vertical stress to the side surfaces of the fractured rock mass, and applying bottom hole pressure to the inside of a fracture of the fractured rock mass, wherein the fracture surfaces of the fractured rock mass are in a hard contact relationship;
preferably, the fractured rock mass is assumed to be hard rock, has linear elastic characteristics and does not exceed a yield point, and does not consider fracture surface breakage and chipping off;
preferably, the bottom hole pressure P b The calculation formula is as follows:
P b =ρ f gH
wherein ρ is f Is the density of drilling fluid; g is gravityAcceleration; h is the depth of the thief layer;
the fractured rock mass adopts unstructured tetrahedral grids, and grid refinement is carried out near the fracture surface.
In the above preferred method, in step S3, the flow parameters include pressure gradient, fluid density, and fluid viscosity;
the geometric parameters of the leakage particle material comprise the particle size and shape of leakage particles;
the mechanical parameters of the plugging particle material comprise the friction coefficient, young modulus and Poisson's ratio of the plugging particles.
In the above preferred method, the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:
s31, guiding out a fracture rock body after finite element simulation, calculating geometric features of a fracture flow space, reconstructing a fracture flow space solid model, dividing a structured CFD grid, wherein the size of a single CFD grid is larger than 3 times of the diameter of the largest plugging particle;
s32, simulating the drilling fluid to carry the plugging particles to be injected under the pressure boundary condition, wherein the crack inlet is the bottom hole pressure, and the crack outlet is the pore pressure;
the crack wall surface is a slip-free boundary condition.
In the above preferred method, the specific steps of step S4 are as follows:
s41, in the process of simulating the plugging state, only considering gravity, buoyancy, normal contact force, tangential contact force and drag force by the external force applied to the plugging particles;
s42, the more serious the crack permeability is reduced (Pr), the better the compactness of the plugging layer is, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the normalized flow and permeability in particle-free injection are respectively Q i And K i Normalized flow of the plugged cracks is Q respectively t And K t
S43, macroscopic bearing strength of the plugging layer can be attributed to force chain change characteristics on a microscale, and probability density distribution and participation zeta of normal contact force are selected to quantitatively describe:
wherein N is c Represents the total number of contact points, f i For each contact force resultant force magnitude.
In the above preferred method, the specific steps of step S5 are as follows:
s51, if the compactness of the plugging layer is poor, firstly refining the diameter ratio of the plugging particles;
s52, if the pressure-bearing strength of the plugging layer is poor, firstly coarsening the particle size ratio of the plugging particles; and secondly, optimizing the mechanical properties according to the following sequence: particle friction coefficient, particle shape, young's modulus, and poisson's ratio.
The invention also provides a preferred system for plugging particulate material for dynamic fracture loss, comprising a processor and a memory storing a computer program; the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the preferred method of the present invention.
The invention still further provides a computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implements a preferred method as the invention.
The invention acquires the crack flow space characteristics under the underground pressure disturbance environment based on the crack reconstruction and the finite element simulation technology, simulates the plugging effect of the pre-adopted plugging particle material by means of CFD-DEM coupling, and performs targeted optimization to improve the plugging success rate.
The plugging particle material optimizing method aiming at the dynamic fracture leakage can intuitively know the plugging effect in the underground dynamic fracture, quickly, economically and quantitatively evaluate the plugging particle material formula, and the obtained simulation result is more consistent with the actual situation.
The invention can quantitatively and visually reveal the reason of poor plugging effect from microscopic angle based on CFD-DEM numerical simulation, and indicates the direction for plugging formula optimization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the split rock weight pattern in an embodiment of the present invention. .
FIG. 3 illustrates the spatial structural differences between the fracture at the bottom of the well and the surface.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of crack sealing in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of evaluation of compactness of a plugging layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing evaluation of strength of a plugging layer in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the crack plugging effect after the plugging formulation is optimized in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a preferred method for plugging particulate materials for dynamic fracture leakage provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
S 1 the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting a crack core of a sand river street group of an adjacent well X11 as a crack geometrical parameter acquisition source, acquiring a crack surface appearance and reconstructing a crack body through a grating scanning system, wherein the crack leakage occurs in the sand river street group of the 28-2 south oil field X9 in Bohai;
the length of the short side of the obtained fractured rock mass is larger than 100 times of the maximum particle size;
during raster scanning, the optimal sampling interval should be smaller than the minimum value of the particle size of the plugging particles;
and reconstructing the fracture solid model by adopting a feature recognition algorithm.
S 2 According to the earth stress, pore pressure, rock mechanical parameters (rock density, young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, poisson's ratio)Internal friction angle, etc.) data, combined with the bottom hole pressure calculations (table 1), applying boundary conditions in finite element software restores the downhole fracture flow space geometry (fig. 3).
Bottom hole pressure P b The calculation formula is as follows:
P b =ρ f gH
wherein ρ is f Is the density of drilling fluid; g is gravity acceleration; h is the depth of the thief layer;
table 1 the finite element simulation parameters of a fractured rock mass in an embodiment of the present invention
S 3 And materializing the crack flow space after finite element simulation, meshing, endowing corresponding flow parameters according to the property of the well drilling fluid, designing physical and geometric parameters of plugging particles according to a plugging formula pre-prepared for the well (table 2), and simulating the plugging effect of the formula in the crack by adopting a CFD-DEM coupling method.
Wherein, the size of the single CFD grid is larger than 3 times of the diameter of the largest plugging particle;
in the simulation process, the external force applied to the plugging particles only considers gravity, buoyancy, normal contact force, tangential contact force and drag force.
S 4 After the simulation, the morphology of the plugging layer of the particles was analyzed (fig. 4), and the plugging effect was evaluated in combination with the permeability decrease rate curve (fig. 5) and the force chain structure analysis (fig. 6). The plugging layer formed by the plugging formula is considered to be thinner, and is discretely distributed in cracks, the permeability reduction rate is close to 70%, and the compactness is general; the structure of the plugging layer is found from the structure of the force chain, and the structure of the plugging layer under the formula has the characteristic of localization, which indicates that the strong force chain and the weak force chain have large difference, and the plugging layer has better bearing strength.
Wherein the crack permeability reduction (Pr) is calculated using formula (1):
wherein, the normalized flow and permeability in particle-free injection are respectively Q i And K i Normalized flow of the plugged cracks is Q respectively t And K t
The probability density distribution and participation zeta of normal contact force are adopted to quantitatively describe the bearing strength of the plugging layer:
in N c Represents the total number of contact points, f i For each contact force resultant force magnitude.
TABLE 2 CFD-DEM simulation parameter settings in embodiments of the invention
S 5 According to the characteristics of poor compactness and strong bearing strength of the plugging layer, firstly, the particle size ratio of plugging particles is optimized, and the optimized formula is as follows: again, the numerical simulation results show that the plugging layer thickness increases and the fluid-to-pressure isolation effect is evident (fig. 7).

Claims (9)

1. A preferred method of plugging particulate material for dynamic fracture leakage comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring an adjacent well fractured rock mass similar to the geological condition of a lost stratum in drilling, acquiring fracture surface point cloud data of the fractured rock mass, and reversely reconstructing a fracture solid model in a normal pressure state;
s2, obtaining the ground stress and pore pressure of the target layer and the rock mechanical parameters of the fractured rock mass, calculating the bottom hole pressure according to the drilling fluid density, and obtaining dynamic fracture geometric features through a finite element method in a simulation mode;
s3, solidifying and meshing the dynamic cracks, adding a seepage field according to drilling engineering parameters, giving corresponding flow parameters, and establishing a crack physical model in the transportation and plugging process of plugging particles by combining the geometric parameters, mechanical parameters and proportions of plugging particle materials;
s4, simulating the plugging state of plugging particles in the cracks by adopting a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element coupling method, evaluating plugging compactness according to the change of the permeability of the cracks, evaluating the bearing strength by adopting a force chain structure, and comprehensively judging the plugging effect by combining the visual distribution of the plugging particles;
s5, if the judging result shows that the bearing strength and the compactness meet the engineering requirements, plugging by adopting a corresponding formula; if the plugging effect does not meet the requirement, the granular material formula is adjusted according to the compactness and the bearing strength, and the steps S3-S4 are repeated until a reasonable plugging formula is selected.
2. A preferred method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the length of the short side of the fractured rock mass is larger than 100 times of the particle size of the maximum plugging particles;
measuring the joint surface point cloud data of the fractured rock mass by adopting a 3D raster scanning system, wherein the sampling interval is smaller than the minimum value of the particle size of the plugging particles;
and determining the spatial relationship between the single fracture surface and the fracture body by adopting a feature recognition algorithm so as to reconstruct the fracture solid model.
3. A preferred method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S2, the rock mechanical parameters comprise rock density, young 'S modulus, poisson' S ratio and internal friction angle;
the conditions of the finite element method are as follows:
the boundary conditions are set as follows: applying horizontal maximum principal stress to the top and bottom of the fractured rock mass, respectively applying minimum principal stress and vertical stress to the side surfaces of the fractured rock mass, and applying bottom hole pressure to the inside of a fracture of the fractured rock mass, wherein the fracture surfaces of the fractured rock mass are in a hard contact relationship;
the fractured rock mass adopts unstructured tetrahedral grids, and grid refinement is carried out near the fracture surface.
4. A preferred method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: in step S3, the flow parameters include pressure gradient, fluid density, and fluid viscosity;
the geometric parameters of the leakage particle material comprise the particle size and shape of leakage particles;
the mechanical parameters of the plugging particle material comprise the friction coefficient, young modulus and Poisson's ratio of the plugging particles.
5. A preferred method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:
s31, guiding out the fracture rock mass after finite element simulation, calculating the geometric characteristics of a fracture flow space, reconstructing a fracture flow space solid model, dividing a structured CFD grid, and enabling the size of a single CFD grid to be larger than 3 times of the largest plugging particle diameter;
s32, injecting the plugging particles carried by the simulated drilling fluid under the pressure boundary condition, wherein the crack inlet is bottom hole pressure, and the crack outlet is pore pressure.
6. A preferred method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the specific steps of step S4 are as follows:
s41, in the process of simulating the plugging state, only considering gravity, buoyancy, normal contact force, tangential contact force and drag force by the external force applied to the plugging particles;
s42, the more serious the crack permeability is reduced, the better the compactness of the plugging layer is, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the normalized flow and permeability in particle-free injection are respectively Q i And K i Normalized flow of the plugged cracks is Q respectively t And K t
S 43 Macroscopic bearing strength of the plugging layer can be attributed to force chain change characteristics on a microscopic scale, and probability density distribution and participation zeta of normal contact force are selected to quantitatively describe:
wherein N is c Represents the total number of contact points, f i For each contact force resultant force magnitude.
7. A preferred method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: the specific steps of step S5 are as follows:
s51, if the compactness of the plugging layer is poor, firstly refining the diameter ratio of the plugging particles;
s52, if the pressure-bearing strength of the plugging layer is poor, firstly coarsening the particle size ratio of the plugging particles; and secondly, optimizing the mechanical properties according to the following sequence: particle friction coefficient, particle shape, young's modulus, and poisson's ratio.
8. A preferred system for plugging particulate material for dynamic fracture loss includes a processor and a memory storing a computer program; the processor is configured to execute the computer program to implement the preferred method as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.
9. A computer storage medium, characterized by: the computer storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the preferred method as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.
CN202310614687.7A 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Optimization method, system and storage medium of plugging particle material for dynamic crack leakage Pending CN116562189A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117269003A (en) * 2023-09-26 2023-12-22 西南石油大学 Plugging material particle size distribution optimization method and plugging leakage simulation experiment method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117269003A (en) * 2023-09-26 2023-12-22 西南石油大学 Plugging material particle size distribution optimization method and plugging leakage simulation experiment method
CN117269003B (en) * 2023-09-26 2024-03-29 西南石油大学 Plugging material particle size distribution optimization method and plugging leakage simulation experiment method

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