CN116561705B - Three rainfall sensor data fusion calculation method, system and terminal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a data fusion calculation method, a system and a terminal of three rainfall sensors, which are implemented by the following steps: acquiring minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of three rainfall sensors, judging and calculating effective hour rainfall values according to four conditions, calculating reliable effective minute rainfall, and respectively outputting corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors; the observation data quality is greatly improved through the multi-sensor fusion observation practice of rainfall, more accurate rainfall observation data is provided for early warning and forecasting service, and the continuity of the data is ensured; on the other hand, the data state is identified through the computer background program, so that timely guidance is provided for equipment fault processing, the comprehensive popularization value is realized, meanwhile, experience is accumulated for next-step intelligent observation, the comprehensive intelligent direction is observed on the ground, and the method is worthy of further research of observation business personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field, in particular to a data fusion calculation method, system and terminal for three rainfall sensors.
Background
The rainfall observation service is an important component in the ground meteorological observation system, plays an important role in weather early warning and forecasting and decision-making meteorological service, and the automatic rainfall observation is a basic condition for realizing the refinement of weather forecast, especially according to the automatic rainfall monitoring data record in heavy disaster weather, the rainfall, the flood and the soil moisture can be known more comprehensively, and the pertinence and the effectiveness of the forecast and the service are improved.
In actual business, most of rainfall is observed by adopting one sensor, and often, due to reasons such as an inductor, a communication link, a collector and the like, the situation that the rainfall is not counted, the rainfall is abnormally large, the rainfall is counted with errors and the like is caused, even faults such as precipitation in sunny days, no precipitation or precipitation lag, small precipitation and the like occur, if data quality control or correction is not timely performed, and then the service quality of observed data and the assimilation effect of the observed data are affected. And the rainfall in the south has strong locality and uneven rainfall spatial distribution, a single rainfall sensor cannot judge whether the working state and data are normal, and decision making and service are often influenced on the rainfall reliability problem in actual business.
The method for calculating the data fusion of the three rainfall sensors is capable of effectively judging the reliability of the data and reducing the failure rate of the rainfall data.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art, and provides a three-rainfall sensor data fusion calculation method, a three-rainfall sensor data fusion system and a three-rainfall sensor data fusion terminal.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors is constructed, and the implementation method is as follows:
acquiring minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of three rainfall sensors, wherein the three hour rainfall values are respectively recorded as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
The effective hour rainfall value is judged and calculated according to the following four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4% no less than 0.4 pair H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Intermediate values of (a);is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 = (h1+h2)/2×4%o ∈0.4, then for H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>>Δ 2 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is a lack of measurement, outputting a warning code;
and calculating the reliable effective minute rainfall, and respectively outputting the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
According to the data fusion calculation method of the three rainfall sensors, the rainfall sensors independently work to collect rainfall observation data, and each tipping bucket generates a pulse signal which represents that rainfall of 1mm is collected;
the three rainfall sensors respectively send pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket to three independent data acquisition channels of the data acquisition device; the data collector respectively carries out accumulation statistical calculation on pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors.
The application discloses a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors, wherein the accumulated statistical calculation method of minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t Is the minute rain value at t minutes.
The application discloses a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors, wherein the accumulated statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall values comprises the following steps:
the hour rainfall value H=Σr is obtained by adding the current minute rainfall to the previous 59 minutes accumulated rainfall t T=1 to 60; hour accumulated rainfall H of three rainfall sensors is calculated respectively 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
The application relates to a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors, wherein the effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg at t min and t-1 min, respectively.
A three-rain sensor data fusion system, wherein the system comprises three rain sensors, a data collector, a data processor and a data output unit;
the data collector receives pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket of the three rainfall sensors, respectively carries out accumulation statistics calculation on the pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors to obtain minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of the three rainfall sensors, and the three hour rainfall values are respectively recorded as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
The data processor judges and calculates the effective hour rainfall value according to the following four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4% no less than 0.4 pair H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Intermediate values of (a);is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 = (h1+h2)/2×4%o ∈0.4, then for H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>>Δ 2 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is lack of measurement, the data output unit is controlled to output a warning code;
the reliable effective minute rainfall is calculated, the data output unit is controlled to output the effective minute rainfall, and the data output unit is controlled to respectively output the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
The application relates to a data fusion system of three rainfall sensors, wherein the accumulated statistical calculation method of the minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t Is the minute rain value at t minutes.
The application relates to a data fusion system of three rainfall sensors, wherein the accumulated statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall values comprises the following steps:
from the current minuteThe accumulated rainfall is added to the previous 59 minutes to obtain an hour rainfall value h=Σr t T=1 to 60; hour accumulated rainfall H of three rainfall sensors is calculated respectively 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
The three rainfall sensor data fusion systems provided by the application, wherein the effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg at t min and t-1 min, respectively.
And the three rainfall sensor data fusion terminals are provided with the three rainfall sensor data fusion systems.
The application has the beneficial effects that: the fusion calculation method has the following advantages:
(1) The reliability of the rain gauge and the rain gauge data can be effectively judged through an algorithm, and corresponding state judgment is given;
(2) When the three rain gauges are normal, a more true and reliable rain value can be given; when 1 or 2 rain gauges fail or are out of tolerance, the true and reliable rain values can still be accurately output, and the continuity of observation data is effectively ensured; under the condition of no human intervention, the fault rate of 47.68% can be effectively reduced;
(3) The algorithm uses the accumulation characteristic of the rainfall data, adopts the hour accumulated rainfall as a judgment factor and a calculated intermediate value, effectively solves the error generated by unsynchronized tipping bucket of the three rainfall meters, ensures that the output hour rainfall and minute rainfall are stable and reliable, and has innovation;
(4) The design solves the problem that the rain gauge cannot output the state code, greatly improves the fault judging efficiency through the state code, reduces the fault rate of the rain gauge data, and can ensure that the data availability is more than 99%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for computing a fusion of three rain sensor data in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of a method for computing a fusion of three rain sensor data in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an observation data of a Futian water surrounding station 11 in a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an observation data of a water surrounding station 12 in Futian area of a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is the observation data of the water surrounding station 13 in Futian area of the data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors according to the preferred embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is an observation data of a Futian water surrounding station 14 of a data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors according to a preferred embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a three rain sensor data fusion computing system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application, based on the embodiments of the present application.
The data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors according to the preferred embodiment of the present application is shown in fig. 1, and referring to fig. 2, the implementation method is as follows:
s01: acquiring minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of three rainfall sensors, and respectively recording the three hour rainfall valuesIs H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
S02: judging and calculating effective hour rainfall values according to four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4% no less than 0.4 pair H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Intermediate values of (a);is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 = (h1+h2)/2×4%o ∈0.4, then for H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>>Δ 2 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is a lack of measurement, outputting a warning code;
s03: and calculating the reliable effective minute rainfall, and respectively outputting the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
The fusion calculation method has the following advantages:
(1) The reliability of the rain gauge and the rain gauge data can be effectively judged through an algorithm, and corresponding state judgment is given;
(2) When the three rain gauges are normal, a more true and reliable rain value can be given; when 1 or 2 rain gauges fail or are out of tolerance, the true and reliable rain values can still be accurately output, and the continuity of observation data is effectively ensured; under the condition of no human intervention, the fault rate of 47.68% can be effectively reduced;
(3) The algorithm uses the accumulation characteristic of the rainfall data, adopts the hour accumulated rainfall as a judgment factor and a calculated intermediate value, effectively solves the error generated by unsynchronized tipping bucket of the three rainfall meters, ensures that the output hour rainfall and minute rainfall are stable and reliable, and has innovation;
(4) The design solves the problem that the state code can not be output by the rain gauge, greatly improves the failure judgment efficiency by the state code, reduces the failure rate of the rain gauge data, and can ensure that the data availability is more than 99%;
formula delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4%o ≡0.4 and Δ 2 The ratio of (H1+H2)/2.4% is equal to or more than 0.4, the minimum value of the error is 0.4, if the error of the calculation result is less than 0.4, the error is 0.4,
the scheme verification design is described as follows:
site selection and installation:
and selecting a Fu Yong station (G1151), a Fu field water surrounding station (G3580) and a Luo lake area Dong Men station (G3581) in western and middle Baoan areas in Shenzhen range to carry out a rainfall multi-sensor fusion observation test.
Measuring station environment: the three sites of FuYong, shuiyuan and Dongmen are roof high points, are about 10 meters away from the ground, have wide periphery and are free from shielding, and can keep the observation environments of the three rain gauges consistent;
and (3) designing a hardware system:
the experiment adopts 1 QML201 data acquisition device (with 32 bit processor, 2 frequency ports, resolution 241 nsec, up to 4 kHz), 1 QMI118 interface module (with 8 + -25V low frequency signal input and 8 30VDC/1A output interface) and three SL3-1 rain gauge (within the measuring range of 4mm/min, resolution 0.1mm, allowable error + -4%) to carry out system construction, the rain gauge is SL3-1 type tipping bucket rain gauge manufactured by Shanghai weather instrument factory, the water bearing caliber phi is 200mm, the measuring rain intensity range is 0-4mm/min, the resolution is 0.1mm, the accuracy is 0.4mm (less than or equal to 10 mm), 4% (> 10 mm). The three rain gauges are directly connected to the collector through cables, the collector is set, and the synchronous collection and output of the one-time minute rainfall data of the three rain gauges in each minute are realized. The three rain gauges are arranged on the same plane, the altitude is the same, the distance between foundation centers is 100cm, the three rain gauges form an equilateral triangle, and the number of the rain gauges is 1#, 2#, 3# in sequence according to the clockwise direction.
The algorithm design principle is described as follows:
as shown in FIG. 3, the method comprises the steps of firstly, judging the validity of minute rainfall data of three rainfall meters, measuring the rainfall intensity range to be 0-4mm/min according to the technical index SL3-1 of a manufacturer, and judging that the rainfall intensity is 7mm/min in the limit state of being full of water all the time by actual measurement, so that the rainfall meter is abnormal for all the rainfall in the minute being greater than 7 mm.
Next, three cumulative hour rainfall amounts were calculated. Since the distribution of the rain amount is also discontinuous in time, it is possible that the previous minute is a heavy rain and the subsequent minute is a light rain, and a case of a capillary rain is more likely to occur, which is certainly an unsynchronized error of 0.1mm for the mechanical skip. If the minute rainfall is adopted for calculation, the rainfall value is smaller after the average, and the smaller error is continuously amplified in the accumulation process of each minute, so that the minute rainfall value is not suitable for calculation when the real rainfall data is calculated. However, the characteristic of accumulation of the rainfall data can well eliminate errors caused by the unsynchronized tipping bucket, and if the rainfall works normally, the unsynchronized errors of the three rainfall are always 0.1mm, and the error influence caused by the unsynchronized errors is smaller and smaller after the accumulated rainfall is larger and larger in an hour and is averaged. Meanwhile, if the rain gauge has smaller or larger faults, the faults are also highlighted in the accumulated rain, so that the hour accumulated rain value is adopted for calculation, and the larger or smaller faults can be effectively removed by setting allowable errors, judging and calculating. The minute rain value is obtained by subtracting the hour rain value calculated every minute.
Thirdly, the allowable error is valued, the allowable error is 0.4mm when the accumulated rainfall is less than or equal to 10mm according to the accuracy requirement of the ground meteorological observation standard on the rainfall element, and the allowable error is 4% of the accumulated rainfall when the accumulated rainfall is more than 10 mm.
Fourthly, sequencing the three accumulated hour rainfall according to the magnitude, judging whether the difference value between the maximum value and the intermediate value and the difference value between the intermediate value and the minimum value are within the allowable error, and finally calculating and outputting the credible hour accumulated rainfall value and minute rainfall value. Since the three rain gauges are installed in the same environment, the values of the three rain gauges should be equal in theory, and the difference of the rain gauges is considered, so that the final effective value is calculated by adopting arithmetic average. And fully considering possible simultaneous fault phenomena of the three rain gauges, carrying out logic judgment and calculation by classification, and finally outputting an effective value and a state code of the rain gauge so as to inform operation and maintenance personnel in time.
The observation data quality is greatly improved through the multi-sensor fusion observation practice of rainfall, more accurate rainfall observation data is provided for early warning and forecasting service, and the continuity of the data is ensured; on the other hand, the data state is identified through the computer background program, so that timely guidance is provided for equipment fault processing, and particularly, when the data of a certain 1 rain gauge similar to the data in fig. 3-6 is compared and then analyzed to be problem or error data, the data is greatly improved compared with the prior data which is single-station data and is most likely to be determined to be credible data. Therefore, the high-redundancy rainfall observation method has the value of comprehensive popularization, meanwhile, experience is accumulated for the next-step intelligent observation, and the comprehensive intelligent direction is observed on the ground, so that the method is worthy of further research of observation business personnel.
In addition, compared with the existing multi-sensor fusion methods, the method provided by the application has the advantages of originality and technology, and the specific analysis is as follows;
comparative document 1: CN109884735 a-a method for observing precipitation based on multiple rainfall sensors;
1. the method has no limitation on the number of the sensors, and if only two sensors are used, there are cases that it is impossible to determine which sensor is accurate.
2. The data consistency of the method is judged by adopting the root mean square error, if the rainfall sensor is short-circuited and abnormally increased, the root mean square error is amplified, and the error of the final result is amplified.
The scheme adopts the factory error of the instrument and the rainfall allowance error specified by the weather specification as judgment, so that the data accuracy can be more effectively ensured.
3. The method introduces the rainfall judgment within 6 hours, so as to solve the problem of the hysteresis of the gross rain rainfall, and has higher requirement on the storage and reading of the data quantity, and is not beneficial to the actual operation.
According to the scheme, the sliding hour rainfall per minute is used as the premise of calculating the current minute rainfall, the deviation problem caused by delayed rainfall, asynchronous deviation of instruments and the like can be effectively eliminated through accumulation of the sliding hour rainfall per minute, and the problem is simplified and solved.
4. The method only judges whether the data is available through errors, and cannot judge the state of the sensor.
The scheme can give the state and error change trend of several sensors.
Comparison document 2: CN109978010 a-multiple rain sensor fusion algorithm;
1. the method introduces the assumed parameters, and carries out grading judgment on the rainfall in stages of strong heavy rain, strong light rain and capillary rain.
According to the scheme, the factory error of the instrument and the rainfall allowance error specified by the weather specification are directly adopted as judgment, so that the data accuracy is ensured more simply and effectively.
2. The discriminating process by using the time window method comprises the following steps: checking consistency of the rainfall output by the three sensors by 0.1mm within a period of time, determining whether the rainfall of 0.1mm is valid data, and if so, considering that 0.1mm is valid; if the measured rainfall value does not have consistency, the measured rainfall value of 0.1mm minute is considered to be the misoperation of a certain rainfall sensor caused by signal interference or line fault, and the weight is taken to be zero.
According to the scheme, the sliding hour rainfall per minute is used as the premise of calculating the current minute rainfall, the deviation problem caused by delayed rainfall, asynchronous deviation of instruments and the like can be effectively eliminated through accumulation of the sliding hour rainfall per minute, and the problem is simplified and solved.
3. According to the method, weight coefficients are distributed to measured data of each rainfall sensor, one minute of rainfall data is obtained through weighting and fusion, and the total rainfall of one hour or more is obtained through accumulation of the minute of rainfall data.
The scheme considers that the rainfall sensor is supposed to be continuously normal if normal, and if performance errors exist, the errors are continuously reflected in the data, so that weights are given to different data, and the data is complicated. The error judging method adopted by the scheme is directly combined with instrument errors and standard errors, so that the method is simpler and more effective;
comparison document 3: CN112630867 a-three rain sensor fusion system;
1. the method takes the median value of the output values of three rainfall sensors as a fusion value.
The scheme adopts a weighted average value as a fusion value.
2. The scheme calculates the difference between the minute values of the three rainfall sensors and the minute fusion initial value as the deviation value and uses the difference to calculate the accumulated deviation. Finally, the deviation value is used for revising.
According to the scheme, the sliding hour rainfall per minute is used as the premise of calculating the current minute rainfall, the deviation problem caused by delayed rainfall, asynchronous deviation of instruments and the like can be effectively eliminated through accumulation of the sliding hour rainfall per minute, and the problem is simplified and solved.
3. The method introduces environmental factors a, including temperature, relative humidity, represented by T, relative humidity, represented by RH, and altitude, represented by H. The correction value is: and correcting the fusion value and the accumulated rainfall deviation value, wherein the value is B. The final revision value a= |a|b, and a= (T/25-1) × (H/800-1) × (RH/0.3-1);
the present solution considers that, since the distribution of the rain amount is also discontinuous in time, it is possible that the previous minute is a heavy rain and the subsequent minute is a light rain, and that the occurrence of a capillary rain is more likely, which certainly causes an unsynchronized error with respect to the mechanical tipping bucket, the value of which is 0.1mm. If the minute rainfall is adopted for calculation, the rainfall value is smaller after the average, and the smaller error is continuously amplified in the accumulation process of each minute, so that the minute rainfall value is not suitable for calculation when the real rainfall data is calculated. However, the characteristic of accumulation of the rainfall data can well eliminate errors caused by the unsynchronized tipping bucket, and if the rainfall works normally, the unsynchronized errors of the three rainfall are always 0.1mm, and the error influence caused by the unsynchronized errors is smaller and smaller after the accumulated rainfall is larger and larger in an hour and is averaged. Meanwhile, if the rain gauge has smaller or larger faults, the faults are also highlighted in the accumulated rain, so that the hour accumulated rain value is adopted for calculation, and the larger or smaller faults can be effectively removed by setting allowable errors, judging and calculating.
Preferably, the rainfall sensor works independently to collect rainfall observation data, and each tipping bucket generates a pulse signal which represents that rainfall of 1mm is collected; the three rainfall sensors respectively send pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket to three independent data acquisition channels of the data acquisition device; the data collector respectively carries out accumulation statistical calculation on pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors.
The accumulated statistical calculation method of the minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t Is the minute rain value at t minutes.
The accumulated statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall value comprises the following steps:
the hour rainfall value H=Σr is obtained by adding the current minute rainfall to the previous 59 minutes accumulated rainfall t T=1 to 60; hour accumulated rainfall H of three rainfall sensors is calculated respectively 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
Effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg at t min and t-1 min, respectively.
As shown in fig. 7, the system comprises three rain sensors 1, a data collector 2, a data processor 3 and a data output unit 4;
the data collector 2 receives pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket of the three rainfall sensors 1, respectively performs accumulation statistics calculation on the pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors to obtain minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of the three rainfall sensors, and the three hour rainfall values are respectively recorded as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
The data processor 3 judges and calculates the effective hour rainfall value according to the following four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4% no less than 0.4 pair H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Intermediate values of (a);is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 = (h1+h2)/2×4%o ∈0.4, then for H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>>Δ 2 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is lack of measurement, the data output unit is controlled to output a warning code;
the reliable effective minute rainfall is calculated, the data output unit is controlled to output the effective minute rainfall, and the data output unit is controlled to respectively output the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
(1) The reliability of the rain gauge and the rain gauge data can be effectively judged through an algorithm, and corresponding state judgment is given;
(2) When the three rain gauges are normal, a more true and reliable rain value can be given; when 1 or 2 rain gauges fail or are out of tolerance, the true and reliable rain values can still be accurately output, and the continuity of observation data is effectively ensured; under the condition of no human intervention, the fault rate of 47.68% can be effectively reduced;
(3) The algorithm uses the accumulation characteristic of the rainfall data, adopts the hour accumulated rainfall as a judgment factor and a calculated intermediate value, effectively solves the error generated by unsynchronized tipping bucket of the three rainfall meters, ensures that the output hour rainfall and minute rainfall are stable and reliable, and has innovation;
(4) The design solves the problem that the state code can not be output by the rain gauge, greatly improves the failure judgment efficiency by the state code, reduces the failure rate of the rain gauge data, and can ensure that the data availability is more than 99%;
preferably, the cumulative statistical calculation method of the minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t Is the minute rain value at t minutes.
Preferably, the cumulative statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall value is as follows:
the hour rainfall value H=Σr is obtained by adding the current minute rainfall to the previous 59 minutes accumulated rainfall t T=1 to 60; respectively calculating three rainfall sensorsHour accumulated rainfall H of the device 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
Preferably, effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg (effective rainfall after fusion calculation) for t min and t-1 min, respectively.
And the three rainfall sensor data fusion terminals are provided with the three rainfall sensor data fusion systems.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The data fusion calculation method of three rainfall sensors is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of three rainfall sensors, wherein the three hour rainfall values are respectively recorded as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
The effective hour rainfall value is judged and calculated according to the following four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 =(H 1 +H 2 +H 3 ) 3.4% or more than 0.4 for H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 In (a) and (b)An intermediate value; />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 =(H 1 +H 2 ) 2 x 4% is greater than or equal to 0.4, then to H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>> Δ 2 Outputting an alarm code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is a lack of measurement, outputting a warning code;
and calculating the reliable effective minute rainfall, and respectively outputting the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
2. The method for data fusion calculation of three rainfall sensors according to claim 1, wherein the rainfall sensors independently work to collect rainfall observation data, and each tipping bucket generates a pulse signal representing that 1mm rainfall is collected;
the three rainfall sensors respectively send pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket to three independent data acquisition channels of the data acquisition device; the data collector respectively carries out accumulation statistical calculation on pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors.
3. The method for calculating the data fusion of three rainfall sensors according to claim 2, wherein the method for calculating the accumulated statistics of the minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t Is the minute rain value at t minutes.
4. The three rainfall sensor data fusion calculation method according to claim 3, wherein the accumulated statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall value is:
the hour rainfall value H=Σr is obtained by adding the current minute rainfall to the previous 59 minutes accumulated rainfall t T=1 to 60; hour accumulated rainfall H of three rainfall sensors is calculated respectively 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
5. The three rainfall sensor data fusion calculation method according to claim 4, wherein the effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg at t min and t-1 min, respectively.
6. The system is characterized by comprising three rainfall sensors, a data collector, a data processor and a data output unit;
the data collector receives pulse signals generated by the tipping bucket of the three rainfall sensors, respectively carries out accumulation statistics calculation on the pulse signals of the three rainfall sensors to obtain minute rainfall values and hour rainfall values of the three rainfall sensors, and the three hour rainfall values are respectively recorded as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 ；
The data processor judges and calculates the effective hour rainfall value according to the following four conditions:
first case: if all three minute rain values are not the missing measurement and all three minute rain values r are less than or equal to 7mm, the allowable error delta 1 = (h1+h2+h3)/3×4% no less than 0.4 pair H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Two-by-two comparisons were made:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 1 ，/>-/>≤ Δ 1 If so, then the effective hour rainfall value havg= (H) 1 +H 2 +H 3 )/3；
Judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 Or->-/>＞ Δ 1 Then the effective hour rainfall value Havg= (the difference value is less than or equal to delta) 1 Sum of two hour rain values)/2;
judging if-/>＞ Δ 1 At the same time->-/>＞ Δ 1 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Maximum value of (2); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Intermediate values of (a); />Is marked as H 1 、H 2 And H 3 Is the minimum value of (a);
second case: if it is with H 3 The corresponding minute rain value is more than 7mm or is a fault measurement, and the allowable error delta 2 = (h1+h2)/2×4%o ∈0.4, then for H 1 And H 2 Comparison is performed:
judging whether or not-/>≤ Δ 2 If so, then the effective hour rainfall output havg= (H) 1 +H 2 )/2；
If it is-/>> Δ 2 The control data output unit outputs a warning code;
in this case the number of the elements to be formed is,is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is a larger value of (a); />Is marked as H 1 And H 2 Is smaller of (a);
third case: if two of the minute rainfall values are more than 7mm or are lack of measurement, the effective hour rainfall value Havg is the hour rainfall value corresponding to the remaining minute rainfall value;
fourth case: if the rain value of all three minutes is more than 7mm or is lack of measurement, the data output unit is controlled to output a warning code;
the reliable effective minute rainfall is calculated, the data output unit is controlled to output the effective minute rainfall, and the data output unit is controlled to respectively output the corresponding states of the three rainfall sensors.
7. The three rainfall sensor data fusion system according to claim 6, wherein the method for calculating the accumulated statistics of the minute rainfall value r is as follows:
the time window starts from 00 seconds to 59 seconds, the pulse signal times in 1 minute are calculated in an accumulated way, and the pulse signal times are recorded as minute rain value r t T=1 to 60 is the current minute value, r t For t minutesMinute rain value at that time.
8. The three rainfall sensor data fusion system of claim 7 wherein the cumulative statistical calculation method of the hour rainfall value is:
the hour rainfall value H=Σr is obtained by adding the current minute rainfall to the previous 59 minutes accumulated rainfall t T=1 to 60; hour accumulated rainfall H of three rainfall sensors is calculated respectively 1 、H 2 And H 3 。
9. The three rainfall sensor data fusion system of claim 8 wherein the effective minute rainfall R t The calculation adopts the formula:
R t =H t -H t-1 ；
wherein H is t And H t-1 Havg at t min and t-1 min, respectively.
10. Three rainfall sensor data fusion terminals, characterized in that the terminals are provided with three rainfall sensor data fusion systems according to any one of claims 6-9.
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