CN116559222A - 一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,包括蠕动泵驱动器、蠕动泵泵头、蠕动泵泵管、液体注射器、实验台台架、可替代的注射器针头结构、震动结构,蠕动泵驱动器连接蠕动泵泵头,蠕动泵泵头通过蠕动泵泵管连接液体注射器,液体注射器安装在实验台台架上,液体注射器连接可替代的注射器针头结构,可替代的注射器针头结构安装于震动结构之上。本发明所设计的双层制冷表面结构,上层半导体制冷片热面和下层半导体制冷片冷面连接采用高粘性高导热系数液态材料减小损耗,可以轻松达到水的过冷温度满足液滴过冷结冰的实验要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种模拟实验系统,具体地说是模拟液滴结冰的实验系统。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展,人们不再满足于常温情况下的试验,逐渐将目光转移至低温等恶劣环境下的探究。在此情况下液滴在低温下的结冰机理等逐渐受到研究人员的关注,其中低温环境实验台是整个液滴结冰的重要组成部分。为了达成低温环境的目的,则是需要排除外界环境干扰,进而让实验结果可信度更高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供用来探究低温恶劣环境下液滴结冰机理的一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
本发明一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:包括蠕动泵驱动器、蠕动泵泵头、蠕动泵泵管、液体注射器、实验台台架、可替代的注射器针头结构、震动结构,蠕动泵驱动器连接蠕动泵泵头,蠕动泵泵头通过蠕动泵泵管连接液体注射器,液体注射器安装在实验台台架上,液体注射器连接可替代的注射器针头结构,可替代的注射器针头结构安装于震动结构之上。
本发明还可以包括:
1、所述震动结构包括外壳、圆柱形铁块、弹簧,弹簧和圆柱形铁块位于外壳里,圆柱形铁块安装在弹簧上方。
2、所述实验台台架包括水冷换热器结构、疏水表面结构、半导体制冷片的冷面、半导体制冷片的热面,半导体制冷片的冷面和半导体制冷片的热面连接形成半导体制冷片,疏水表面结构、半导体制冷片自上而下安装在水冷换热器结构,疏水表面结构与半导体制冷片、半导体制冷片之间、半导体制冷片与水冷换热器结构之间均通过高粘性高导热系数材料连接。
3、所述蠕动泵驱动器和蠕动泵泵头处于室温环境,蠕动泵泵管和震动结构处于实验台内部的低温区域。
4、高粘性高导热系数材料的厚度为0.5mm。
本发明的优势在于:半导体材料的特性相较于传统导体有了大幅提升,可以实现被控空间与外部环境气体的完全隔离,这使热电制冷技术得以迈入实用技术行列,同时其环境友好、模块化、可塑性高的突出优势给小型甚至微型制冷需求提供了理想的解决方案。
在室温为25摄氏度时,制冷表面能提供零下35摄氏度的低温并还不能满足水过冷的温度,本发明所设计的双层制冷表面结构,上层半导体制冷片热面和下层半导体制冷片冷面连接采用高粘性高导热系数液态材料减小损耗,可以轻松达到水的过冷温度满足液滴过冷结冰的实验要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为震动结构示意图;
图3为组成疏水表面通过高导热材料连接的双层制冷表面及其液体冷却结构;
图4为半导体制冷器通电后温差随时间变化曲线示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述:
结合图1-4,本发明包括蠕动泵驱动器1、蠕动泵泵头2、蠕动泵泵管3、液体注射器4、可替代的注射器针头结构5、震动结构6、实验台台架7。其中蠕动泵驱动器1和蠕动泵泵头2在实验环境外的室温环境,蠕动泵泵管3在实验台内部低温区域,需要采用耐低温的管道材料,震动结构6也同样在实验台内部低温区域,需要用保温材料进行包裹。
震动结构6的具体组成如图2,其中圆柱形铁块8,连接外壳和圆柱形铁块的弹簧结构9,材料为铜的线圈结构10,震动结构的外壳11。
图3为实验台的制冷表面结构,包括实验台的疏水表面结构12、半导体制冷片的冷面13、半导体制冷片的热面14、连接疏水表面和半导体制冷片冷面、连接半导体制冷片热面和半导体制冷片冷面、连接半导体制冷片热面和水冷换热器金属表面的高粘性高导热系数材料15,通过软管连接到外侧通过水泵进行水冷换热的水冷换热器结构16。
通过软管连接到外侧通过水泵进行水冷换热的水冷换热器结构中单个半导体制冷器外形尺寸为40mm×40mm×3.8mm,其中导热层部分的材质选择紫铜作为导热材料。
图3中实验台的疏水表面结构12和半导体制冷片的冷面13之间放置多个接触式温度传感器。
图3中半导体制冷片冷面13和热面14采用PID温度控制,通过温度传感器控制通过半导体的直流电流,精确控制实验台的疏水表面结构的表面温度,温度波动范围0.1摄氏度。
图3中连接疏水表面和半导体制冷片冷面、连接半导体制冷片热面和半导体制冷片冷面、连接半导体制冷片热面和水冷换热器金属表面的高粘性高导热系数液态材料15,需要则各部分连接处涂抹均匀并且厚度要尽量小,一般情况下厚度为0.5mm。
本发明所设计的液滴发生装置可以通过更换蠕动泵所连接的针头控制液滴尺寸的大小。其中震动设备的震动量定义如公式(1)。
式中a为震动量,m为振子质量,x为振子摆动幅度,f为工作频率,M为测试工装重量。
本实验台所使用的制冷表面的半导体制冷技术是热电制冷技术的延伸,半导体制冷器件结构如图1所示,其由N型、P型材料组成一对热电偶,当具有热电转换效应的回路有直流电流通过时,在导体接触面上会产生热的交换,其中一端会吸收热量,温度降低,产生制冷效果,对应的另一端则会有热量释放,温度上升,形成加热效果,这即为不同导体的热电效应,也叫Peltier效应。
根据半导体制冷技术的基本理论可知,半导体制冷片的制冷量为公式(2)。
耗功率为公式(3)。
制冷系数为公式(4)。
式中αP和αN分别为P型、N型电偶的温差电系数;I为通电电流强度;TC冷端温度;R为半导体制冷元件的电阻值;k为导热系数;ΔT为冷热端面温度差。
由式(3)可知,制冷片的通电电流强度I是影响制冷能力的主要因素之一。半导体制冷器作为电流换能型器件,通过控制输入电流,可实现高精度的温度控制,半导体制冷器惯性非常小,制冷制热时间很快,在热端散热良好,很快就能达60摄氏度的最大温差。
图4为半导体制冷器通电后温差随时间变化曲线。可以看出,通电后制冷器的冷端温度降低,冷热两端面的温差扩大,直至降到稳定范围。
本发明适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器和制冷表面设计的准备步骤为:测试实验台内部的蠕动泵、Z轴线性震动结构、水冷换热器、半导体制冷表面是否能够正常运转。待设备正常运展之后,降低实验台内部的环境温度直到达到要求。
本发明适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器和制冷表面设计的实施步骤为:打开半导体制冷片并且通过PID控制将疏水表面温度维持在实验所需的温度,通过蠕动泵向注射剂注入液体,在注射器针头出逐渐形成液滴,待液滴尺寸满足要求,关闭蠕动泵,打开Z轴线性震动装置,将液滴震落,液滴撞击在双层制冷表面上的疏水表面上完成一次实验。
在完成全部实验之后关闭外部制冷设备待实验台内部温度恢复到室温,打开实验台背部的门,取出所有仪器,结束实验。
Claims (5)
1.一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:包括蠕动泵驱动器、蠕动泵泵头、蠕动泵泵管、液体注射器、实验台台架、可替代的注射器针头结构、震动结构,蠕动泵驱动器连接蠕动泵泵头,蠕动泵泵头通过蠕动泵泵管连接液体注射器,液体注射器安装在实验台台架上,液体注射器连接可替代的注射器针头结构,可替代的注射器针头结构安装于震动结构之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:所述震动结构包括外壳、圆柱形铁块、弹簧,弹簧和圆柱形铁块位于外壳里,圆柱形铁块安装在弹簧上方。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:所述实验台台架包括水冷换热器结构、疏水表面结构、半导体制冷片的冷面、半导体制冷片的热面,半导体制冷片的冷面和半导体制冷片的热面连接形成半导体制冷片,疏水表面结构、半导体制冷片自上而下安装在水冷换热器结构,疏水表面结构与半导体制冷片、半导体制冷片之间、半导体制冷片与水冷换热器结构之间均通过高粘性高导热系数材料连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:所述蠕动泵驱动器和蠕动泵泵头处于室温环境,蠕动泵泵管和震动结构处于实验台内部的低温区域。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种适用于液滴结冰实验的液滴发生器,其特征是:高粘性高导热系数材料的厚度为0.5mm。
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CN116878812B (zh) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-17 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | 从轴向方向观测结霜的圆管结霜实验模型及实验方法 |
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