CN116545073B - Battery safety protection circuit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Battery safety protection circuit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116545073B CN116545073B CN202310780933.6A CN202310780933A CN116545073B CN 116545073 B CN116545073 B CN 116545073B CN 202310780933 A CN202310780933 A CN 202310780933A CN 116545073 B CN116545073 B CN 116545073B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a battery safety protection circuit and a control method thereof, wherein the battery safety protection circuit comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay, an active safety, a main negative relay, a current sensor, an intermediate relay, a passive safety and a control module, and the components form a main loop, a fast charging loop and a pre-charging loop, and the control module controls the on-off of each loop. When the low-current work, such as unexpected adhesion of relay, can break the circuit through initiative insurance to effectively avoid the risk of electric shock, moreover, each subassembly is integrated to three block terminal respectively, and convenient copper bar's in the extremely space connection, convenient block terminal are arranged in a flexible way, so, can satisfy the requirement of new generation motorcycle type to battery system in the aspect of safety and intelligent characteristic.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery safety of electric automobiles, in particular to a battery safety protection circuit and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, the safety protection mode of the battery system of the common passenger car mainly comprises the passive protection of the short circuit of the fuse and the active protection of the relay, namely when the circuit needs to cut off the high voltage, the fuse is disconnected through the relay or the fuse is blown by high current, so that the high voltage safety is ensured. However, in practical application, when the relay is stuck and the current is small, the mode is invalid, so that the electric shock risk cannot be effectively avoided, and the requirements of a new generation of vehicle type on the safety and intelligent characteristics of a battery system are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a battery safety protection circuit and a control method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that dead zones exist in a failure mode of small current and relay adhesion in a safety protection mode of a battery system in the related art, electric shock risks cannot be effectively avoided, and requirements of a new-generation vehicle type on safety and intelligent characteristics of the battery system are difficult to meet.
In a first aspect, the application provides a battery safety protection circuit, including anodal block terminal, negative pole block terminal, middle block terminal and control module, wherein: the positive electrode distribution box comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay and an active safety; the negative electrode distribution box comprises a main negative relay and a current sensor; the intermediate distribution box comprises an intermediate relay and a passive safety; the power battery comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack; the first battery pack, the active safety device, the main positive relay, the current sensor, the main negative relay, the second battery pack, the passive safety device and the intermediate relay are sequentially connected in series to form a main loop; the first battery pack, the active safety, the main positive relay, the quick charging relay, the current sensor, the main negative relay, the second battery pack, the passive safety and the intermediate relay are sequentially connected in series to form a quick charging loop; the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are connected in series to form a pre-charging loop; the pre-charging loop is used for protecting the main loop; the current sensor is used for detecting the current of the main loop; the control module is respectively connected with the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box and is used for obtaining the detection result of the current sensor and controlling the on-off of the main loop, the quick-charging loop and the pre-charging loop.
In the implementation process, the battery safety protection circuit comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay, an active safety, a main negative relay, a current sensor, an intermediate relay, a passive safety and a control module, wherein the components form a main loop, a fast charging loop and a pre-charging loop, and the control module controls the on-off of each loop. When the low-current work, such as unexpected adhesion of relay, can break the circuit through initiative insurance to effectively avoid the risk of electric shock, moreover, each subassembly is integrated to three block terminal respectively, and convenient copper bar's in the extremely space connection, convenient block terminal are arranged in a flexible way, so, can satisfy the requirement of new generation motorcycle type to battery system in the aspect of safety and intelligent characteristic.
Further, in some examples, the control module is specifically configured to: and when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active safety is cut off.
In the implementation process, when the whole vehicle collides or the battery management system determines that thermal runaway occurs, the control module sends an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive distribution box to actively trigger the cut-off safety, so that the connection between the high-voltage system and an external load is ensured to be cut off, and the electric shock risk is avoided.
Further, in some examples, the intermediate distribution box further includes a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the passive safety.
In the implementation process, the passive insurance is integrated with a temperature sensor, the temperature of the fuse is monitored, and the monitoring result of the temperature sensor is fed back to the control module, so that the control module can accurately judge whether the fuse is abnormal or not.
Further, in some examples, further comprising: and the full-time power supply module is used for supplying power to the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box through the control module.
In the implementation process, the full-time power supply module is additionally arranged on the circuit, the full-time power supply module supplies power to the control module, and the control module supplies power to the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box, so that the complexity of the circuit can be reduced, and the rationality of circuit management is improved.
Further, in some examples, the full-time power module includes a voltage converter and a competing power judgment module; the full-time power supply module is respectively connected with a 12V power supply of the whole vehicle and the high-voltage output of the battery pack; the voltage converter is used for switching in high voltage from the high voltage output of the battery pack and converting the high voltage into 12V voltage; the competition power supply judging module is used for selecting one from the output voltage of the whole vehicle 12V power supply and the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter to input into the control module according to the power supply state of the whole vehicle 12V power supply.
In the implementation process, the full-time power supply module selects and uses the output voltage of the whole vehicle 12V power supply or the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter according to the power supply state of the whole vehicle 12V power supply to supply power for the control module, so that the stability and the robustness of the whole vehicle 12V power supply are improved, and when the whole vehicle 12V power supply fails in the driving and charging processes, the full-time power supply module can still ensure the power supply of the battery system controller.
Further, in some examples, the battery pack high voltage output is at least one battery module of the power battery.
In the implementation process, the voltage converter of the full-time power supply module only accesses high voltage from one module of the battery pack high-voltage circuit, so that the accessed high voltage of the voltage converter is not influenced by the cutting-off of the whole circuit system.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method of the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of the first aspects, applied to a control module, including: when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, a main positive relay disconnection instruction and a main negative relay disconnection instruction are sent out; the on-off states of the main positive relay in the positive electrode distribution box, the main negative relay in the negative electrode distribution box and the on-off states of the passive insurance in the middle distribution box are detected, and an explosion-initiating active insurance signal is sent to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active insurance is cut off.
In the implementation, a circuit cut-off control strategy for triggering a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is provided to improve safety in collision and thermal runaway conditions.
Further, in some examples, the method further comprises: judging whether the current of the main loop exceeds a preset current threshold according to the detection result of the current sensor, and if so, acquiring the temperature and heat of the passive insurance; when the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold or the heat exceeds a preset heat threshold, detecting the on-off state of the passive insurance, and if the detection result indicates that the passive insurance is not fused, sending a main positive relay off command and a main negative relay off command; and if the main positive relay or the main negative relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to a positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off.
In the implementation process, a circuit cutting control strategy aiming at short circuit or current overload impact is provided, the temperature of the fuse and the current tolerance time length are taken into consideration in a coupling way, and the active cutting of the circuit is ensured when the fuse cannot be fused due to temperature abnormality or other abnormality.
Further, in some examples, the method further comprises: monitoring the opening and closing states of the relays in real time; if the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are detected to be adhered simultaneously, a relay opening instruction is sent out, and whether the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are opened or not is detected; and if any one of the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off.
In the implementation process, a circuit cutting control strategy for abnormal adhesion of the relay is provided, and when the relay is abnormally adhered, the circuit can be ensured to be disconnected rapidly and safely.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a vehicle, a battery system of which includes the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of the first aspects.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, or in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the techniques disclosed herein.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery safety protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method of a battery safety protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a positive electrode distribution box in a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a negative electrode distribution box in a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an intermediate distribution box in a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a full-time power module in a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit shutdown control strategy when triggering a crash signal or a thermal runaway signal provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaking control strategy at the time of short circuit or current overload surge according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaking control strategy when a relay provided in an embodiment of the present application is abnormal;
wherein: 11-positive electrode distribution box; 111-quick charge relay; 112-precharge relay; 113-pre-charge resistor; 114-a main positive relay; 115-active insurance; 12-a negative electrode distribution box; 121-a main negative relay; 122-a current sensor; 13-an intermediate distribution box; 131-an intermediate relay; 132-passive insurance; 14-a control module; 15-a power cell; 151-a first battery pack; 152-a second battery pack;
31-a first battery module; 32-a second battery module; 33-full-time power module; 34-a battery management system control module; 35-a third battery module; 36-a fourth battery module; 37-a 12V power supply of the whole vehicle; 38-external high voltage output; 331-a voltage converter; 332-a competition power supply judging module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As described in the background art, the safety protection mode of the battery system in the related art has a dead zone in a failure mode of small current and relay adhesion, cannot effectively avoid electric shock risks, and is difficult to meet the requirements of a new-generation vehicle type on the safety and intelligent characteristics of the battery system. Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a battery safety protection circuit scheme for solving the above problems.
The embodiments of the present application are described below:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery safety protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the battery safety protection circuit includes a positive electrode distribution box 11, a negative electrode distribution box 12, an intermediate distribution box 13, and a control module 14, where: the positive electrode distribution box 11 comprises a fast charging relay 111, a pre-charging relay 112, a pre-charging resistor 113, a main positive relay 114 and an active safety 115; the negative electrode distribution box 12 includes a main negative relay 121 and a current sensor 122; the intermediate distribution box 13 comprises an intermediate relay 131 and a passive safety 132; the power battery 15 includes a first battery pack 151 and a second battery pack 152; the first battery pack 151, the active safety 115, the main positive relay 114, the current sensor 122, the main negative relay 121, the second battery pack 152, the passive safety 132 and the intermediate relay 131 are sequentially connected in series to form a main loop; the first battery pack 151, the active safety 115, the main positive relay 114, the fast charging relay 111, the current sensor 122, the main negative relay 121, the second battery pack 152, the passive safety 132 and the intermediate relay 131 are sequentially connected in series to form a fast charging loop; the pre-charging relay 112 and the pre-charging resistor 113 are connected in series to form a pre-charging loop; the pre-charging loop is used for protecting the main loop; the current sensor 122 is configured to detect a current of the main loop; the control module 14 is respectively connected with the positive electrode distribution box 11, the negative electrode distribution box 12 and the middle distribution box 13, and is used for obtaining the detection result of the current sensor 122 and controlling the on-off of the main circuit, the quick charge circuit and the pre-charge circuit.
In fig. 1, a broken line connecting the positive electrode distribution box 11 and the negative electrode distribution box 12 indicates that the positive electrode distribution box 11 and the negative electrode distribution box 12 are not directly connected, and electrical equipment such as a charging pile, a motor, etc. may be connected therebetween; the dashed lines between the control module 14 and the three power distribution boxes indicate that the control module 14 has a control function on the modules in the three power distribution boxes, including sending signals to the relays, obtaining the detection result of the current sensor 122, and the like; arrow (1) indicates the portion of the main circuit at the positive terminal block terminal 11; arrow (2) indicates the portion of the fast charge circuit at the positive terminal block terminal 11; arrow (3) represents the priming circuit.
The battery safety protection circuit can be applied to a battery system of an electric automobile and is used for carrying out safety protection on the battery system. The battery safety protection circuit fuses the relay, the active insurance and the passive insurance, can cut off high voltage rapidly and safely, and integrates each component into three distribution boxes respectively, so that the copper bars in the extreme space are conveniently connected, and the distribution boxes are conveniently and flexibly arranged.
Specifically, the positive electrode distribution box is a relatively common electrical structure and comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay and a safety device. The default state of each relay is open, when power is needed, the pre-charging relay is closed first, and then the main positive relay is closed, so that the impact of instantaneous high current on the relay during closing is prevented; when the quick charge is needed, the quick charge relay is closed. Unlike the conventional scheme, in the scheme of the embodiment, active insurance is adopted. The active safety can be a protection device triggered by software and cut off the circuit by explosion, such as an explosion fuse (Pyrofuse), and the control module actively sends a low-voltage power supply signal to 'fire' the active safety when the circuit needs to be cut off, so as to cut off the circuit rapidly.
The negative pole block terminal includes a main relay and a current sensor, where the current sensor detects the current of the main loop. The intermediate distribution box comprises an intermediate relay and a passive fuse, wherein the passive fuse can be a traditional fuse, and the working principle is that when short circuit or overload heavy current occurs, the fuse cuts off a circuit through a fusing body, so that the protection effect is achieved. In some embodiments, the intermediate distribution box may further include a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the passive safety. That is, the passive safety is integrated with a temperature sensor, the temperature of the fuse is monitored, and the monitoring result of the temperature sensor is fed back to the control module, so that the control module can accurately judge whether the fuse is abnormal or not.
The control module in this embodiment may be a unit in a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), where the control module is connected to the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box, and the intermediate distribution box, respectively, and controls on/off of the main circuit, the fast charging circuit, and the pre-charging circuit by controlling on/off of each relay, for example, the control module may send an on/off command to the pre-charging relay to cause the pre-charging relay to be turned on or off, thereby implementing on/off control of the pre-charging circuit. Based on the battery safety protection circuit, when the low current (when the fuse is not fused) works, such as unexpected adhesion of the relay, the circuit can be disconnected through the active safety, that is, the active safety and the passive safety are matched for use, and the high voltage can be rapidly and safely cut off.
In some embodiments, the control module is specifically configured to: and when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active safety is cut off. That is, when the whole vehicle collides, or the battery management system determines that thermal runaway occurs according to the monitored signals such as the battery voltage and the battery temperature and the thermal runaway judging conditions, the control module sends an explosion-initiating active insurance signal to the positive electrode distribution box to actively trigger the cut-off insurance, so that the connection between the high-voltage system and an external load is ensured to be cut off, and the electric shock risk is avoided.
In some embodiments, the above circuit may further include: and the full-time power supply module is used for supplying power to the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box through the control module. That is, add full-time power module on the circuit, by this full-time power module for control module power supply, control module again for anodal block terminal, negative pole block terminal and middle block terminal power supply, so, compare in the mode that sets up power supply mechanism respectively in three block terminal, can reduce the complexity of circuit, promote the rationality of circuit management.
Further, in some embodiments, the full-time power module may include a voltage converter and a competing power judgment module; the full-time power supply module is respectively connected with a 12V power supply of the whole vehicle and a high-voltage output of the battery pack; the voltage converter is used for switching in high voltage from the high voltage output of the battery pack and converting the high voltage into 12V voltage; the competition power supply judging module is used for selecting one from the output voltage of the whole vehicle 12V power supply and the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter to input into the control module according to the power supply state of the whole vehicle 12V power supply. That is, the voltage converter of the full-time power module receives high voltage from the battery pack high voltage output, then converts the high voltage into 12V voltage, the competing power supply judging module judges whether to use the output voltage of the 12V power supply of the whole car or the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter according to the power supply state of the 12V power supply of the whole car, the competing power supply judging module judges whether the voltage value of the 12V power supply of the whole car is in the normal range of 9 to 16V or not, and judges whether the voltage value is greater than a preset voltage threshold, if the judging results are all yes, the 12V power supply of the whole car is powered preferentially, otherwise, the voltage converter is started to convert the high voltage output of the battery pack into the 12V voltage, and accordingly the control module is powered. Therefore, the stability and the robustness of the whole vehicle 12V power supply are improved, and when the whole vehicle 12V power supply fails in the driving and charging processes, the full-time power supply module can still ensure the power supply of the battery system controller.
Still further, in some embodiments, the aforementioned battery pack high voltage output may be at least one battery module of the power battery. That is, the voltage converter of the full-time power module may only switch in high voltage from a part of the modules of the high-voltage circuit of the battery pack, where the part of the modules may be the first battery pack or the second battery pack, or may be at least one single cell in the first battery pack, or may be at least one single cell in the second battery pack, so that the high voltage switched in by the voltage converter is not affected by the cutting off of the entire circuit system.
According to the embodiment of the application, the battery safety protection circuit comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay, an active safety, a main negative relay, a current sensor, an intermediate relay, a passive safety and a control module, wherein the components form a main loop, a fast charging loop and a pre-charging loop, and the control module controls the on-off of each loop. When the low-current work, such as unexpected adhesion of relay, can break the circuit through initiative insurance to effectively avoid the risk of electric shock, moreover, each subassembly is integrated to three block terminal respectively, and convenient copper bar's in the extremely space connection, convenient block terminal are arranged in a flexible way, so, can satisfy the requirement of new generation motorcycle type to battery system in the aspect of safety and intelligent characteristic.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method of a battery safety protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, where the electric drive system is the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, and the control method may be applied to a control module, and includes:
in step 201, when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, a main positive relay opening instruction and a main negative relay opening instruction are sent out;
in step 202, the open/close states of the main positive relay in the positive electrode distribution box and the main negative relay in the negative electrode distribution box and the on/off state of the passive insurance in the middle distribution box are detected, and an explosion-initiating active insurance signal is sent to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active insurance is cut off.
The control method provided in this embodiment is a circuit cut-off control strategy for triggering a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal. When the control module receives a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal, the control module sends a main relay opening instruction, then detects whether a circuit cannot be opened due to adhesion caused by abnormality of a main positive relay in the positive distribution box and a main negative relay in the negative distribution box, and detects whether a fuse in the middle distribution box is opened, and meanwhile, no matter whether the relay is adhered abnormally or not and whether the fuse is opened or not, the control module sends a spot explosion active safety signal to the positive distribution box, so that the active safety action is ensured, and the circuit is cut off. In this way, safety in collision and thermal runaway conditions is improved. Whether the fuse is disconnected or not can be judged by detecting the voltages at two ends of the fuse, or can be judged by other modes, such as a current detection result and the like, and the application is not limited to this.
In some embodiments, the control method may further include: judging whether the current of the main loop exceeds a preset current threshold according to the detection result of the current sensor, and if so, acquiring the temperature and heat of the passive insurance; when the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold or the heat exceeds a preset heat threshold, detecting the on-off state of the passive insurance, and if the detection result indicates that the passive insurance is not fused, sending a main positive relay off command and a main negative relay off command; and if the main positive relay or the main negative relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to a positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off. The control module monitors a current signal and judges whether the current exceeds a preset current threshold value or not when the control module is realized, if so, the control module indicates that short circuit or instant high-power output occurs, at the moment, the control module carries out time integration on the current value to obtain the heat of the fuse, and when the temperature of the fuse is larger than the preset temperature threshold value or the heat is larger than the preset heat threshold value, the control module detects whether the fuse is fused or not, if the fuse is fused, the control module does not act, otherwise, the control module sends a main relay breaking instruction, and then detects whether a main positive relay in the positive power distribution box and a main negative relay in the negative power distribution box are broken, and correspondingly, if the relay is broken, the control module does not act, otherwise, the control module sends an explosion-proof active safety signal, so that the active safety action is ensured, and the circuit is cut off. In this way, the circuit is cut off quickly and safely in the event of a short circuit or current overload surge. The preset current threshold, the preset temperature threshold and the preset heat threshold may be set correspondingly according to requirements of specific scenes, which is not limited in this application.
Also, in some embodiments, the control method may further include: monitoring the opening and closing states of the relays in real time; if the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are detected to be adhered simultaneously, a relay opening instruction is sent out, and whether the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are opened or not is detected; and if any one of the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off. The control module can monitor the opening and closing conditions of each relay in real time when the relays are in abnormal adhesion, and when the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are in adhesion at the same time, the control module sends a relay opening instruction, then detects whether the three relays are opened or not, if the relays are opened, the control module does not act, otherwise, the control module sends an explosion active safety signal, so that the active safety action is ensured, and the circuit is cut off. Thus, when the relay is abnormally stuck, the circuit can be ensured to be disconnected rapidly and safely.
For a more detailed description of the solution of the present application, a specific embodiment is described below:
as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery safety protection circuit system according to an embodiment of the present application, in which a solid line represents a high voltage line (copper bar), and a dotted line represents a low voltage sampling/control line; the battery safety protection circuit system is divided into two battery packs, wherein the first battery pack comprises a first battery module 31, a second battery module 32, a positive electrode distribution box 11, a negative electrode distribution box 12, a full-time power supply module 33 and a battery management system control module 34, and the second battery pack comprises a third battery module 35, a fourth battery module 36 and a middle distribution box 13. The full-time power supply module 33, the battery management system control module 34 and the high-voltage output stage are all positioned in the first battery pack, and realize low-voltage control and high-voltage output together with a whole vehicle 12V power supply 37, an external high-voltage output 38 (such as a front drive motor, a rear drive motor and a quick charge pile) and the like; in this first battery package, two block terminal have been accomplished to traditional integral type block terminal branch, anodal block terminal and negative pole block terminal promptly, and convenient nimble arrangement is in the battery package. Wherein:
the positive electrode distribution box has a structure as shown in fig. 4, and includes a fast charging relay 111, a pre-charging relay 112, a pre-charging resistor 113, a main positive relay 114 and an active safety 115. In the scheme of the embodiment, the ignition driving power of the active insurance 115 is not more than 9W, the driving current is not more than 1.75mA, and the ignition time is not more than 3ms; the short circuit loop can be rapidly disconnected under the condition of 1000V; the opening and closing of each relay is controlled by a battery management system;
the negative electrode distribution box is structured as shown in fig. 5, and includes a main negative relay 121 and a current sensor 122, the current sensor 122 being for detecting the current of the main circuit;
the structure of the intermediate distribution box is shown in fig. 6, and includes an intermediate relay 131 and a passive fuse 132, where the passive fuse 132 is a fuse; the passive safety 132 has a temperature sensor (not shown) integrated therein for monitoring the temperature of the fuse; the middle distribution box is used for controlling the circuit of the second battery pack to be disconnected;
the structure of the full-time power module is shown in fig. 7, which includes a voltage converter 331 and a competing power supply judging module 332, the voltage converter 331 is connected to a high voltage from a high voltage output of the battery pack and then converts it into a 12V voltage; the competing power supply judging module 332 judges whether to use the output voltage of the whole vehicle 12V power supply or the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter according to the power supply state of the whole vehicle 12V power supply; the voltage converter 331 may be connected to the high voltage from the high voltage output of the battery pack, or may be connected to the high voltage from only a part of the high voltage circuit of the battery pack, for example, only one module. The advantage of having access from only one module is that the local high voltage is not affected by the overall circuitry cut-off;
the battery management system control module 34 controls the circuitry according to the set control strategy. Several control strategies for the battery management system control module 34 are described below:
as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a circuit shutdown control strategy when triggering a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal according to an embodiment of the present application, where the control strategy includes:
s801, receiving a whole car collision signal or a thermal runaway signal; specifically, when a whole vehicle collides, the battery management system control module receives a whole vehicle collision signal; the battery management system monitors signals such as battery voltage, battery temperature and the like, judges whether thermal runaway occurs according to the thermal runaway, and sends out a thermal runaway signal when the judging result is yes;
s802, sending out a command of opening the main relay;
s803, detecting whether a main positive relay in the positive electrode distribution box and a main negative relay in the negative electrode distribution box are adhered due to abnormality, so that a circuit cannot be disconnected;
s804, detecting whether a fuse in the middle distribution box is disconnected;
s805, sending an explosion active safety signal to the positive electrode distribution box so as to ensure the active safety action and ensure the circuit to be cut off.
As shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaking control strategy at the time of short circuit or current overload impact according to an embodiment of the present application, where the control strategy includes:
s901, monitoring a current signal;
s902, judging whether the current exceeds a preset current threshold, if so, executing S903, otherwise, returning to S901;
s903, performing time integration on the current value to obtain a heat value and obtain the temperature of the fuse;
s904, when the temperature of the fuse is greater than a preset temperature threshold, or the heat value is greater than a preset heat threshold, detecting whether the fuse is disconnected, if yes, executing S908, otherwise, executing S905;
s905, sending out a command of opening the main relay;
s906, detecting whether a main positive relay in the positive distribution box and a main negative relay in the negative distribution box are disconnected, if yes, executing S908, otherwise, executing S907;
s907, sending an explosion active safety signal to the positive electrode distribution box so as to ensure the active safety action and ensure the circuit to be cut off;
s908, ending the flow.
As shown in fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaking control strategy when a relay provided in an embodiment of the present application is abnormal, where the control strategy includes:
s1001, monitoring the opening and closing conditions of a relay in real time;
s1002, when the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are detected to be adhered at the same time or the whole package is poor in insulation, a relay breaking instruction is sent out;
s1003, detecting whether the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are all disconnected, if yes, executing S1005, otherwise executing S1004;
s1004, sending an explosion active safety signal to the positive electrode distribution box so as to ensure the active safety action and ensure the circuit to be cut off;
s1005, ending the flow.
In the circuit system provided by the embodiment of the application, the active insurance and the passive insurance are matched for use, so that high voltage can be rapidly and safely cut off; the full-time power supply improves the stability and robustness of the 12V power supply of the whole vehicle, and when the 12V power supply of the whole vehicle fails in the driving and charging processes, the full-time power supply module can still ensure the power supply of the battery system controller; when the relay is adhered and the 12V low-voltage power supply fails after the whole car collides, the full-time power supply module is matched with active safety to realize the disconnection of a high-voltage loop and prevent electric shock; the control logic in the case of short circuit or overload also takes the temperature of the fuse and the current tolerance time into consideration, so that the circuit is actively cut off when the fuse cannot be fused due to temperature abnormality or other abnormality.
Some embodiments of the present application also provide a vehicle, the battery system of which includes the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of the foregoing embodiments.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations may be suggested to one skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a battery safety protection circuit which characterized in that, includes anodal block terminal, negative pole block terminal, middle block terminal and control module, wherein:
the positive electrode distribution box comprises a fast charging relay, a pre-charging resistor, a main positive relay and an active safety; the negative electrode distribution box comprises a main negative relay and a current sensor; the intermediate distribution box comprises an intermediate relay and a passive safety;
the power battery comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack; the first battery pack, the active safety device, the main positive relay, the current sensor, the main negative relay, the second battery pack, the passive safety device and the intermediate relay are sequentially connected in series to form a main loop; the first battery pack, the active safety, the main positive relay, the quick charging relay, the current sensor, the main negative relay, the second battery pack, the passive safety and the intermediate relay are sequentially connected in series to form a quick charging loop; the pre-charging relay and the pre-charging resistor are connected in series to form a pre-charging loop; the pre-charging loop is used for protecting the main loop; the current sensor is used for detecting the current of the main loop;
the control module is respectively connected with the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box and is used for acquiring the detection result of the current sensor and controlling the on-off of the main loop, the quick charging loop and the pre-charging loop;
the control module is specifically used for:
when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, an explosion-initiating active safety signal is sent to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active safety is cut off;
further comprises:
the full-time power supply module is used for supplying power to the positive electrode distribution box, the negative electrode distribution box and the middle distribution box through the control module; the full-time power supply module comprises a voltage converter and a competing power supply judging module; the full-time power supply module is respectively connected with a 12V power supply of the whole vehicle and the high-voltage output of the battery pack; the voltage converter is used for switching in high voltage from the high voltage output of the battery pack and converting the high voltage into 12V voltage; the competition power supply judging module is used for selecting one from the output voltage of the whole vehicle 12V power supply and the 12V voltage converted by the voltage converter to input into the control module according to the power supply state of the whole vehicle 12V power supply.
2. The battery safety protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the intermediate distribution box further comprises a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the passive safety.
3. The battery safety protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the battery pack high voltage output is at least one battery module of the power battery.
4. A control method of the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, applied to a control module, comprising:
when a collision signal or a thermal runaway signal is received, a main positive relay disconnection instruction and a main negative relay disconnection instruction are sent out;
the on-off states of the main positive relay in the positive electrode distribution box, the main negative relay in the negative electrode distribution box and the on-off states of the passive insurance in the middle distribution box are detected, and an explosion-initiating active insurance signal is sent to the positive electrode distribution box so that the active insurance is cut off.
5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising:
judging whether the current of the main loop exceeds a preset current threshold according to the detection result of the current sensor, and if so, acquiring the temperature and heat of the passive insurance;
when the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold or the heat exceeds a preset heat threshold, detecting the on-off state of the passive insurance, and if the detection result indicates that the passive insurance is not fused, sending a main positive relay off command and a main negative relay off command;
and if the main positive relay or the main negative relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to a positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off.
6. The control method according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising:
monitoring the opening and closing states of the relays in real time;
if the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are detected to be adhered simultaneously, a relay opening instruction is sent out, and whether the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay are opened or not is detected;
and if any one of the main positive relay, the main negative relay and the intermediate relay is not disconnected, sending an explosion-initiating active safety signal to the positive distribution box so that the active safety is cut off.
7. A vehicle, characterized in that a battery system of the vehicle includes the battery safety protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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