CN116544449A - Low-carbon-emission fuel cell system and heat management method - Google Patents
Low-carbon-emission fuel cell system and heat management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116544449A CN116544449A CN202310805254.XA CN202310805254A CN116544449A CN 116544449 A CN116544449 A CN 116544449A CN 202310805254 A CN202310805254 A CN 202310805254A CN 116544449 A CN116544449 A CN 116544449A
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system with low carbon emission and a heat management method. The fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem and a hydrothermal management subsystem for adjusting the temperature of the galvanic pile, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide transported when air is supplied in the fuel cell system to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the reaction air, wherein the carbon capture device comprises a pre-pile carbon catcher arranged in the air supply subsystem and configured to catch carbon dioxide in the air before entering the galvanic pile to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air delivered to the galvanic pile and increase the oxygen ratio in the air delivered to the galvanic pile. The low-carbon emission fuel cell system provided by the invention can realize mutual cooperative gain with carbon capture, reduce carbon dioxide discharge and improve the performance of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a low-carbon emission fuel cell system and a heat management method.
Background
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system is a clean power generation system that generates electric power by supplying hydrogen and air to a cell stack so that the hydrogen chemically reacts with oxygen in the air on the cell stack. The byproduct after the reaction of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell is only water, the oxyhydrogen fuel cell does not generate carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide discharged by the oxyhydrogen fuel cell is carbon dioxide contained in the air input into the oxyhydrogen fuel cell. The existing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell does not generate carbon dioxide per se, but does not treat carbon dioxide in the air at the same time.
Currently, carbon capture and sequestration technology (CCS, carbon Capture andStorage) is considered a viable approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on a large scale and to mitigate global warming in the future. However, there is a problem in that the installation of a large-scale, individual carbon capture system is costly. Therefore, it is worth studying how to combine carbon capture technology in a decentralized manner in conjunction with existing on-the-fly systems to reduce carbon capture costs.
Based on this, it is necessary to propose a technical solution to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a low-carbon-emission fuel cell system and a heat management method, so that the fuel cell system can be mutually cooperated with carbon capture to gain, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved while the carbon dioxide discharge is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a low carbon emission fuel cell system comprising a stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem delivering hydrogen to the stack, an air supply subsystem delivering air to the stack, and a hydrothermal management subsystem in heat exchange with the stack to regulate the temperature of the stack, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in the fuel cell system when air is supplied to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the fuel cell system, wherein the carbon capture device comprises a pre-stack carbon trap disposed in the air supply subsystem, the pre-stack carbon trap configured to trap carbon dioxide in the air prior to entry into the stack to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air delivered to the stack and increase the oxygen ratio in the air delivered to the stack.
As a further improved technical solution of the present application, the air supply subsystem comprises an air compressor for compressing air, and the pre-stack carbon catcher is arranged between the air compressor and the electric stack.
As a further improved technical solution of the present application, the fuel cell system is a multi-stack fuel cell system, and the air supply subsystem further includes an air buffer tank, the air buffer tank is disposed between the pre-stack carbon catcher and the electric stack, and the air buffer tank is used for buffering air so as to be suitable for controlling the air amount flowing through the pre-stack carbon catcher while satisfying the air supply of the electric stack.
As a further improved technical solution of the present application, the air supply subsystem includes a cooler disposed between the air compressor and the pre-stack carbon catcher, and the cooler is in heat exchange connection with the hydrothermal management subsystem.
According to the technical scheme, an intercooler is arranged between the air compressor and the electric pile, and the pre-pile carbon catcher is arranged between the intercooler and the electric pile or is integrated in the intercooler.
As a further improved solution of the present application, the pre-stack carbon trap is configured as a conduit connectable to the air supply subsystem, the conduit having a basic oxyhydrogen compound disposed therein.
As a further improved technical scheme of the application, the fuel cell system comprises a tail gas exhaust subsystem for exhausting post-reactor gas, and the carbon capture device further comprises a post-reactor carbon capture device arranged in the tail gas exhaust subsystem; wherein the post-stack carbon trap is configured as a felt plate to which the exhaust gas from the tail exhaust subsystem is purged.
As a further improved technical solution of the present application, the surface of the post-stack carbon catcher is configured with a porous structure.
As a further development of the application, the post-stack carbon trap is in heat exchange connection with the hydrothermal management subsystem.
As a further improved technical solution of the present application, the hydrothermal management subsystem has an optimal temperature heating mode and an adaptive temperature heating mode; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the optimal temperature supply mode is configured to control the hydrothermal management subsystem such that an actual temperature of the post-stack carbon trap is in an optimal temperature interval when a real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is sufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap in the optimal temperature interval;
the adaptive temperature supply mode is configured to operate the post-stack carbon trap in a temperature range that the hydrothermal management subsystem can provide when the real-time heat production of the fuel cell system is insufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap in an optimal temperature range.
As a further improved technical scheme of the application, the optimal temperature interval is 60-100 ℃.
The present invention also provides a heat management method of a low carbon emission fuel cell system, applied to a fuel cell system including a cell stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem that supplies hydrogen to the cell stack, an air supply subsystem that supplies air to the cell stack, and a hydrothermal management subsystem that exchanges heat with the cell stack to adjust a temperature of the cell stack, the fuel cell system further including a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in air in the fuel cell system to reduce a carbon dioxide content in the air, wherein the heat management method includes:
judging whether the real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is enough to enable the carbon capture device to work in an optimal temperature interval;
if yes, controlling the hydrothermal management subsystem to supply heat to the carbon capture device so that the actual temperature of the carbon capture device is in an optimal temperature interval;
if not, the hydrothermal management subsystem supplies heat to the carbon capture device so that the carbon capture device works in a temperature range which can be provided by the hydrothermal management subsystem.
The low carbon emission fuel cell system provided by the invention comprises a carbon capture device comprising a pre-stack carbon capture arranged in an air supply subsystem, wherein the pre-stack carbon capture is configured to capture carbon dioxide in air before entering a cell stack so as to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air delivered to the cell stack and increase the oxygen ratio in the air delivered to the cell stack. Since the operation of the fuel cell system itself requires compressed air and generates heat energy, the compressed air and the heat energy have promotion effects on carbon capture; at the same time, the capture of carbon dioxide in the air before entering the electric pile can reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air entering the electric pile and increase the oxygen ratio, thereby being more beneficial to the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen on the electric pile. That is, the scheme of the application enables the fuel cell system to mutually cooperate with carbon capture, and improves the performance of the fuel cell system while reducing carbon dioxide discharge.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a first embodiment of a low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a system diagram of a second embodiment of a low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a system diagram of a third embodiment of the low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a system diagram of a fourth embodiment of the low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a system diagram of a fifth embodiment of the low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart relating to control of a carbon capture device in a low carbon emission fuel cell system of the present invention.
The reference numerals are as follows: 1-pile; a 2-hydrogen supply subsystem; a 3-air supply subsystem; 31-an air compressor; a 32-cooler; 33-intercooler; 35-an air buffer tank; 4-a hydrothermal management subsystem; 5-pre-stack carbon trap; 6-post stack carbon trap.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present application provides a fuel cell system with low carbon emission. The low carbon emission fuel cell system includes a stack 1, a hydrogen supply subsystem 2 that supplies hydrogen to the stack 1, an air supply subsystem 3 that supplies air to the stack 1, and a hydrothermal management subsystem 4 that exchanges heat with the stack 1 to regulate the temperature of the stack 1. The fuel cell system further comprises a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in air in the fuel cell system to reduce the carbon dioxide content in air in the fuel cell system, wherein the carbon capture device comprises a pre-stack carbon trap 5 provided in the air supply subsystem 3, the pre-stack carbon trap 5 being configured to trap carbon dioxide in air before entering the electric stack 1 to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in air delivered to the electric stack 1 and to increase the oxygen ratio in air delivered to the electric stack 1.
For the fuel cell system provided by the application, in terms of the operation of the fuel cell system being beneficial to carbon capture, compressed air and heat energy are required for the operation of the fuel cell system, and the compressed air and the heat energy have promotion effect on carbon capture; carbon capture in the air prior to entry into the stack may reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air entering the stack, increase the oxygen ratio, and more facilitate the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen on the stack in terms of carbon capture facilitating operation of the fuel cell. That is, the scheme of the application enables the fuel cell system to mutually cooperate with carbon capture, and improves the performance of the fuel cell while reducing carbon dioxide discharge.
Referring to fig. 1, the air supply subsystem 3 includes an air compressor 31 for compressing air, and the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 is disposed between the air compressor 31 and the electric stack 1. The air compressed by the air compressor 31 is high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which is favorable for carbon capture of the pre-stack carbon capture device 5. Specifically, the pre-stack carbon trap 5 is configured to be connectable to a line in the air supply subsystem 3, within which a basic oxyhydrogen compound is configured. The basic oxyhydrogen compound can chemically react with carbon dioxide to effect capture of the carbon dioxide. The basic hydroxide compound is, for example, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or the like.
Referring to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the carbon capture apparatus further includes a post-stack carbon trap 6. Specifically, the fuel cell system includes a tail gas exhaust subsystem for exhausting the post-reaction gas of the electric pile 1, and the post-pile carbon catcher 6 is provided in the tail gas exhaust subsystem. In order to ensure the working efficiency of the fuel cell, the air entering the stack needs to have a certain pressure requirement, so the arrangement of the carbon catcher 5 before the stack needs to be on the premise of not affecting the normal operation of the fuel cell. On this account, the carbon dioxide captured by the pre-stack carbon trap 5 is only a part, and carbon dioxide still enters the stack 1, so that carbon dioxide is also present in the air discharged after the reaction in the stack 1. The present embodiment further captures carbon dioxide by further adding the post-stack carbon trap 6, thereby reducing the carbon dioxide discharge amount. Since the air exhausted from the tail gas exhaust subsystem is no longer allowed to enter the system to participate in the reaction, the carbon dioxide exhausted from the tail gas exhaust subsystem can be sufficiently captured by the structure of the post-stack carbon catcher 6. In this embodiment, the post-stack carbon trap 6 is configured as a felt plate to which the tail exhaust subsystem exhaust gas is purged. The post-stack carbon trap 6 is internally provided with an alkaline oxyhydrogen compound, and the surface of the post-stack carbon trap 6 is constructed with a porous structure so as to facilitate the capture of carbon dioxide. By arranging the post-stack carbon catcher 6 as a felt plate and enabling the gas exhausted by the tail exhaust subsystem to impact the felt plate in a blowing manner, the contact area between the post-stack carbon catcher 6 and the gas can be increased, and the carbon capturing performance can be improved. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the post-stack carbon catcher 6 works at a reaction temperature with higher efficiency, the post-stack carbon catcher 6 is in heat exchange connection with the hydrothermal management subsystem 4, and the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 adjusts the working temperature of the post-stack carbon catcher 6 to a proper temperature. In one embodiment, the post-stack carbon trap 6 suitably operates at a temperature of 60-100 ℃, and the hydro-thermal management subsystem 4 regulates the post-stack carbon trap 6 to operate at a temperature between 60-100 ℃ by heat exchange.
In some fuel cell systems, the temperature of the air compressed by the air compressor 31 is high, for example, up to 200 ℃, and the carbon capture effect of the pre-stack carbon trap 5 at this temperature is not good. Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the air supply subsystem 3 includes a cooler 32 disposed between the air compressor 31 and the pre-stack carbon catcher 5, and the air compressed by the air compressor 31 is cooled by the cooler 32 to a reaction temperature suitable for capturing carbon dioxide by the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 before entering the pre-stack carbon catcher 5. The cooler 32 may be an air-cooled heat sink such as a fan or a fin; or a water cooling device. Preferably, the cooler 32 is in heat exchange connection with the hydrothermal management subsystem 4, and the temperature of the cooler 32 is regulated by the hydrothermal management subsystem 4. The air passing through the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 is adjusted to a temperature suitable for entering the electric stack 1 again through the intercooler 33, and then enters the electric stack 1 for reaction. The hydro-thermal management subsystem 4 may be disposed in heat exchange communication with one or both of a pre-stack carbon trap 5, a post-stack carbon trap 6 of the carbon capture plant, the hydro-thermal management subsystem 4 being configured to regulate the temperature of the carbon capture plant to 60-100 ℃.
Referring to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the additional addition of the cooler 32 to the embodiment of FIG. 3 may be eliminated. Specifically, an intercooler 33 is provided between the air compressor 31 and the electric pile 1, and the pre-pile carbon catcher 5 is provided between the intercooler 33 and the electric pile 1. For some carbon capture devices, the temperature at which carbon dioxide is suitably captured is 60-100 ℃, while for some fuel cell stacks 1, the temperature at which they are suitably operated is 60-80 ℃, with overlapping temperature intervals of suitable operation. The air temperature after compression by the air compressor 31 is adjusted to an appropriate operating temperature for both the pre-stack carbon trap 5 and the electric pile 1 by the intercooler 33, so that both the carbon trapping reaction performed on the pre-stack carbon trap 5 and the power generation reaction performed on the electric pile 1 can be achieved. The intercooler 33 is connected to the hydrothermal management subsystem 4, and the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 adjusts the temperature of the hydrothermal management subsystem. As a variant embodiment, the pre-stack carbon trap 5 may be integrated in the intercooler 33.
In some of the above embodiments, the electric stack 1 is a multi-stack, i.e., the fuel cell system is a multi-stack fuel cell system. Based on the multi-stack fuel cell system, further, as shown in fig. 5, the air supply subsystem 3 further includes an air buffer tank 35, the air buffer tank 35 being disposed between the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 and the electric stack 1, the air buffer tank 35 being for buffering air so as to be suitable for controlling the amount of air flowing through the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 while satisfying the air supply of the electric stack 1. By arranging the air buffer tank 35, the supercharging air inflow of the air compressor 31 is not required to be related with the air quantity required by the electric pile 1 in real time, so that a certain degree of freedom control is provided for the air quantity flowing through the pre-pile carbon catcher 5, the flow can be controlled, the pre-pile carbon catcher 5 is under the pressure more suitable for carbon capture, and the pre-pile carbon adsorption is facilitated.
For example, as shown in fig. 6, in a specific control process, the operation condition of the system is determined according to the required power; determining air inlet pressure of each electric pile of the multi-pile fuel cell according to different working conditions; according to the required pressure of each pile air inlet, calculating the air quantity required to be provided by the air buffer tank 35 and the pressure of the air buffer tank 35; real-time air supply is performed in combination with the required air supplement amount of the air buffer tank 35 and the optimal working interval of the air compressor 31; in the air supply process of the air compressor 31, the pressure range of the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 is higher than the air inlet pressure of each electric pile, and the pressure and the flow of the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 are determined according to the real-time power demand and the pressure and the gas allowance of the air buffer tank 35; the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 is pressure monitored, and the controller is used for controlling each actuator to be in the optimal working range by combining the real-time power requirement, the air inlet pressure of the electric pile, the pressure and air allowance of the air buffer tank 35, the pressure range of the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 and the high-efficiency working range of the air compressor 31.
With continued reference to FIG. 6, for the operating temperature of the post-stack carbon trap 6, the temperature adjustment may be actively performed by the hydro-thermal management subsystem 4. In particular, the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 has an optimal temperature heating mode and an adaptive temperature heating mode. Wherein the optimal temperature supply mode is configured to control the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 such that the actual temperature of the post-stack carbon trap 6 is in an optimal temperature interval when the real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is sufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap 6 in the optimal temperature interval; the adaptive temperature supply mode is configured such that when the real-time heat generation of the fuel cell system is insufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap 6 in an optimal temperature interval, the post-stack carbon trap 6 operates in a temperature interval that the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 can provide. Under different working conditions, the heat generation of the fuel cell system is different, and the heat generation condition needs to be used as forward information of the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 for supplying heat to the post-stack carbon catcher 6 at the moment, and the controller determines the optimal temperature heating mode to operate or determines the temperature supply mode to adapt to the optimal temperature heating mode to supply heat by combining the real-time temperature of the current post-stack carbon catcher 6 and the heat generation amount of the multi-stack fuel cell system with the maximum heat supply amount of the hydrothermal management subsystem 4. The specific process is as follows: judging the running condition state of the system according to the required power; calculating the real-time heat generation Qt of the current running state; judging a temperature control mode according to the heat Qt of real-time heat generation, when the system is in a temperature interval where heat generation is insufficient to provide the post-stack carbon catcher 6, adopting an adaptive temperature supply mode to supply heat, namely, the post-stack carbon catcher 6 works in the temperature interval provided by the hydrothermal management subsystem 4, and not actively controlling the temperature of the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 in the mode, when the system is in a high-heat generation working condition, and when the real-time heat generation can meet the condition that the temperature of the post-stack carbon catcher 6 is in the optimal temperature interval, adopting an optimal temperature heating mode to actively control the temperature; after selecting the heat supply mode, the controller controls the heat management subsystem to supply heat; and simultaneously, the temperature of the post-stack carbon catcher 6 is monitored in real time, and the controller ensures the optimal control of the heat supply of the post-stack carbon catcher 6 based on feedback information. In one embodiment, the optimal temperature range is 60-100 ℃.
It will be appreciated that the above-described solution is equally applicable to a single stack fuel cell system. The carbon capturing device comprises a pre-stack carbon catcher 5 and a post-stack carbon catcher 6 which are installed in the fuel cell system in an easy-to-disassemble mode, so that the pre-stack carbon catcher 5 and the post-stack carbon catcher 6 can be conveniently removed and replaced.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a heat management method of a low carbon emission fuel cell system, applied to a fuel cell system including a stack 1, a hydrogen supply subsystem 2 that supplies hydrogen to the stack 1, an air supply subsystem 3 that supplies air to the stack 1, and a hydrothermal management subsystem 4 that exchanges heat with the stack 1 to adjust a temperature of the stack 1, the fuel cell system including a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in air in the fuel cell system to reduce a carbon dioxide content in the air, wherein the heat management method includes:
judging whether the real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is enough to enable the carbon capture device to work in an optimal temperature interval;
if yes, heating in an optimal temperature supply mode, namely controlling the hydrothermal management subsystem to supply heat to the carbon capture device so that the actual temperature of the carbon capture device is in an optimal temperature interval;
if not, heating is performed in a temperature supply mode, namely, heating is performed to the carbon capture device through the hydrothermal management subsystem, so that the carbon capture device works in a temperature range which can be provided by the hydrothermal management subsystem.
According to the heat management method, under different working conditions, the controller determines an optimal temperature heating mode to operate or a temperature supply mode to adapt to heat supply according to the heat generation condition serving as forward information of the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 for supplying heat to the carbon capture device by combining the real-time temperature of the current carbon capture device and the heat generation quantity of the multi-stack fuel cell system and the maximum heat supply quantity of the hydrothermal management subsystem 4 to perform state switching. The carbon capturing device can be arranged in front of the electric pile 1, can also be arranged behind the electric pile 1, and can be a carbon capturing tube or a carbon capturing felt plate.
As can be seen from the above description of various specific embodiments, the low carbon emission fuel cell system provided by the present invention includes a carbon capture device including a pre-stack carbon trap 5 disposed in the air supply subsystem 3, the pre-stack carbon trap 5 being configured to capture carbon dioxide in the air prior to entering the stack 1 to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air delivered to the stack 1 and increase the oxygen ratio in the air delivered to the stack. Since the operation of the fuel cell system itself requires compressed air and generates heat energy, the compressed air and the heat energy have promotion effects on carbon capture; at the same time, capturing carbon dioxide in the air before entering the electric pile can reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air input into the electric pile 1 and increase the oxygen ratio, thereby being more beneficial to the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen on the electric pile 1. That is, the scheme of the application enables the fuel cell system to mutually cooperate with carbon capture, and improves the performance of the fuel cell system while reducing carbon dioxide discharge.
While the invention has been described with reference to several particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A low carbon emission fuel cell system comprising a stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem delivering hydrogen to the stack, an air supply subsystem delivering air to the stack, and a hydrothermal management subsystem in heat exchange with the stack to regulate the temperature of the stack, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in the air in the fuel cell system to reduce the carbon dioxide content in the air, wherein the carbon capture device comprises a pre-stack carbon trap disposed in the air supply subsystem, the pre-stack carbon trap configured to trap carbon dioxide in the air prior to entry into the stack to reduce the carbon dioxide ratio in the air delivered to the stack and increase the oxygen ratio in the air delivered to the stack.
2. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said air supply subsystem comprises an air compressor for compressing air, said pre-stack carbon trap being disposed between said air compressor and said electric stack.
3. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the fuel cell system is a multi-stack fuel cell system, and wherein the air supply subsystem further comprises an air buffer tank disposed between the pre-stack carbon trap and the stack, the air buffer tank for buffering air adapted to control an amount of air flowing through the pre-stack carbon trap while satisfying the supply of air to the stack.
4. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein said air supply subsystem includes a cooler disposed between said air compressor and said pre-stack carbon trap, said cooler being in heat exchange communication with said water thermal management subsystem.
5. The low carbon emission fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein an intercooler is provided between the air compressor and the electric pile, and the pre-pile carbon trap is provided between the intercooler and the electric pile or is integrated in the intercooler.
6. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 4 or 5, wherein said pre-stack carbon trap is configured to be accessible to a conduit in said air supply subsystem, said conduit having an alkaline oxyhydrogen compound disposed therein.
7. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a tail gas exhaust subsystem for exhausting post-stack gases, the carbon capture device further comprising a post-stack carbon trap disposed in the tail gas exhaust subsystem; wherein the post-stack carbon trap is configured as a felt plate to which the exhaust gas from the tail exhaust subsystem is purged.
8. The low carbon emission fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein a surface of the post-stack carbon trap is configured with a porous structure.
9. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 7, wherein said post stack carbon trap is in heat exchange communication with said hydrothermal management subsystem.
10. The low carbon emission fuel cell system of claim 9, wherein said hydro-thermal management subsystem has an optimal temperature heating mode and an adaptive temperature heating mode; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the optimal temperature supply mode is configured to control the hydrothermal management subsystem such that an actual temperature of the post-stack carbon trap is in an optimal temperature interval when a real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is sufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap in the optimal temperature interval;
the adaptive temperature supply mode is configured to operate the post-stack carbon trap in a temperature range that the hydrothermal management subsystem can provide when the real-time heat production of the fuel cell system is insufficient to operate the post-stack carbon trap in an optimal temperature range.
11. The low carbon emission fuel cell system according to claim 10, wherein the optimal temperature range is 60-100 ℃.
12. A method of thermal management of a low carbon emission fuel cell system, applied to a fuel cell system comprising a stack, a hydrogen supply subsystem delivering hydrogen to the stack, an air supply subsystem delivering air to the stack, and a hydrothermal management subsystem in heat exchange with the stack to regulate the temperature of the stack, the fuel cell system further comprising a carbon capture device configured to react with carbon dioxide in air in the fuel cell system to reduce carbon dioxide content in the air, the method comprising:
judging whether the real-time heat generation amount of the fuel cell system is enough to enable the carbon capture device to work in an optimal temperature interval;
if yes, controlling the hydrothermal management subsystem to supply heat to the carbon capture device so that the actual temperature of the carbon capture device is in an optimal temperature interval;
if not, the hydrothermal management subsystem supplies heat to the carbon capture device so that the carbon capture device works in a temperature range which can be provided by the hydrothermal management subsystem.
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