CN116542042A - Description method and test method for steel rail welded joint - Google Patents

Description method and test method for steel rail welded joint Download PDF

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CN116542042A
CN116542042A CN202310484819.9A CN202310484819A CN116542042A CN 116542042 A CN116542042 A CN 116542042A CN 202310484819 A CN202310484819 A CN 202310484819A CN 116542042 A CN116542042 A CN 116542042A
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waveform
segment
rail
cosine
shape
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孙林林
闫子权
崔树坤
刘炳彤
蔡世生
肖俊恒
王树国
左浩
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China Academy of Railway Sciences Corp Ltd CARS
Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS
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Railway Engineering Research Institute of CARS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法和测试方法,以及钢轨焊接接头的测试方法,属于轨道交通技术领域。该方法主要包括:获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;对多个分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。本申请解决了现有钢轨焊接接头的描述不准确导致仿真分析中的轮轨高频冲击力识别不准确的问题。

The application discloses a description method and a test method for a rail welded joint, and a test method for a rail welded joint, which belong to the technical field of rail transportation. The method mainly includes: obtaining the measured data of the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail, and obtaining a waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail according to the measured data; performing segment processing on the waveform according to the waveform shape to obtain multiple segments; Perform parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting in sections to obtain the corresponding parabolic function or cosine function; and obtain a mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail according to the parabolic function and the cosine function. The application solves the problem that the inaccurate identification of the wheel-rail high-frequency impact force in the simulation analysis is caused by the inaccurate description of the existing rail welded joints.

Description

钢轨焊接接头的描述方法和测试方法Methods of describing and testing rail welded joints

技术领域technical field

本申请涉及轨道交通技术领域,特别涉及一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法和测试方法。The present application relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a description method and a test method of a rail welded joint.

背景技术Background technique

为了消除由于钢轨接头引起的轮轨间相互作用对轮轨耦合动力系统的影响,我国高速铁路普遍采用超长焊接无缝钢轨。但受制于焊接工艺水平及后期养护维修等因素,钢轨焊接接头处在轮轨接触力反复作用下,会出现局部钢轨顶面出现高差,形成轨道焊接区域局部轨面短波不平顺的现象。即使在钢轨焊接接头不平顺幅值较小时,仍会引起严重的轮轨冲击荷载,这可能会导致如钢轨、扣件系统以及车轮等车辆-轨道系统部件的损伤,会对列车运行的安全性及乘坐舒适度构成较大的威胁。In order to eliminate the influence of wheel-rail interaction caused by rail joints on the wheel-rail coupled dynamic system, super-long welded seamless rails are commonly used in my country's high-speed railways. However, due to factors such as welding technology level and later maintenance and repair, the rail welded joints are under the repeated action of the wheel-rail contact force, and there will be a height difference on the top surface of the local rail, resulting in the phenomenon of short-wave irregularity of the local rail surface in the rail welding area. Even when the amplitude of the unevenness of the rail welded joint is small, it will still cause serious wheel-rail impact loads, which may cause damage to vehicle-rail system components such as rails, fastener systems, and wheels, which will affect the safety of train operation. and ride comfort constitute a greater threat.

因此,准确地得到钢轨焊接接头不平顺下的轮轨冲击荷载是研究其对车辆-轨道系统部件损伤的基础,而完成这一研究的前提是对钢轨焊接接头不平顺地准确描述。现有技术的钢轨焊接接头不平顺情况的数学模型,不仅与真实的钢轨焊接接头不平顺情况存在一定差异,而且在进行轮轨冲击荷载的仿真测试时,也不能准确的反映出问题。Therefore, accurately obtaining the wheel-rail impact load under the irregularity of the rail welded joint is the basis for studying the damage to the vehicle-rail system components, and the premise of completing this research is to accurately describe the rail welded joint irregularity. The mathematical model of the unevenness of the rail welded joints in the prior art is not only different from the real unevenness of the rail welded joints, but also cannot accurately reflect the problem during the simulation test of the wheel-rail impact load.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术存在的钢轨焊接接头描述不准确的问题,本申请主要提供一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法和测试方法。Aiming at the problem of inaccurate description of rail welded joints in the prior art, the present application mainly provides a description method and testing method of rail welded joints.

为了实现上述目的,本申请采用的第一个技术方案是:一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其包括:获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。In order to achieve the above purpose, the first technical solution adopted by this application is: a description method of rail welded joints, which includes: obtaining the measured data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joints, and obtaining the geometric shape reflecting the rail welded joints according to the measured data waveform; according to the waveform shape, the waveform is segmented to obtain a plurality of segments; the plurality of segments are respectively subjected to parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting to obtain a corresponding parabola function or cosine function; and according to the parabola function and cosine function to obtain a mathematical model describing the geometry of the rail welded joint.

可选的,根据波形的形状,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段,包括:通过分析波形,得到反映波形形状的幅值和波长,根据幅值和波长,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段。Optionally, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain multiple segments, including: by analyzing the waveform, the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform are obtained, and the waveform is segmented according to the amplitude and wavelength to obtain multiple segments.

可选的,根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。Optionally, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain a first segment and a third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and a second segment located in the middle of the waveform; Performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding cosine function.

可选的,对多个分段进行拟合得到对应的抛物线函数和余弦函数,包括:利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。Optionally, fitting multiple segments to obtain corresponding parabolic functions and cosine functions, including: using the amplitude and wavelength corresponding to the segments, the set train running speed and the The time corresponding to the train running speed determines the parabolic function and the cosine function, wherein the product between the train running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment.

可选的,利用时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;利用第一分段和第三分段所对应的波长分别与列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;利用预定数值减去时间与第一商或第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,利用第一乘积与第一商和第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用第二乘积与第二商和第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。Optionally, the time and the first predetermined multiple are used to perform product operations on the amplitudes corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the first product and the second product; using the first segment and the third segment The wavelength corresponding to the segment is divided by the train running speed to obtain the first quotient and the second quotient; the ratio between the time and the first quotient or the second quotient is subtracted from the predetermined value to obtain the first difference and the second quotient difference; and, using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describing the first segment of the shape of the fitted waveform, and using the second product and the second quotient and the second difference The ratio between the products of , describing the third segment of the fitted waveform shape.

本申请采用的第二个技术方案是:一种钢轨焊接接头的测试方法,其包括:利用预先得到的数学模型进行钢轨焊接接头的轮轨冲击力数值仿真分析;其中,预先得到的数学模型的获取过程包括:获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;对多个分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及,根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。The second technical solution adopted by this application is: a test method for rail welded joints, which includes: using a pre-obtained mathematical model to perform numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail impact force of a rail welded joint; wherein, the pre-obtained mathematical model The acquisition process includes: obtaining the measured data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joint, and obtaining the waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the rail welded joint according to the measured data; according to the waveform shape, segmenting the waveform to obtain multiple segments; Perform parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on the segments to obtain the corresponding parabolic function or cosine function; and, according to the parabolic function and cosine function, obtain a mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail.

可选的,根据波形的形状,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段,包括:通过分析波形,得到反映波形形状的幅值和波长,根据幅值和波长,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段。Optionally, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain multiple segments, including: by analyzing the waveform, the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform are obtained, and the waveform is segmented according to the amplitude and wavelength to obtain multiple segments.

可选的,根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。Optionally, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain a first segment and a third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and a second segment located in the middle of the waveform; Performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding cosine function.

可选的,对多个分段进行拟合得到对应的抛物线函数和余弦函数,包括:利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。Optionally, fitting multiple segments to obtain corresponding parabolic functions and cosine functions, including: using the amplitude and wavelength corresponding to the segments, the set train running speed and the The time corresponding to the train running speed determines the parabolic function and the cosine function, wherein the product between the train running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment.

可选的,利用时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;利用第一分段和第三分段所对应的波长分别与列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;利用预定数值减去时间与第一商或第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,利用第一乘积与第一商和第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用第二乘积与第二商和第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。Optionally, the time and the first predetermined multiple are used to perform product operations on the amplitudes corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the first product and the second product; using the first segment and the third segment The wavelength corresponding to the segment is divided by the train running speed to obtain the first quotient and the second quotient; the ratio between the time and the first quotient or the second quotient is subtracted from the predetermined value to obtain the first difference and the second quotient difference; and, using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describing the first segment of the shape of the fitted waveform, and using the second product and the second quotient and the second difference The ratio between the products of , describing the third segment of the fitted waveform shape.

本申请的技术方案可以达到的有益效果是:通过抛物线函数和余弦函数准确的拟合钢轨焊接接头的不平顺情况,实现更准确的描述钢轨焊接接头的实际的不平顺情况,解决了钢轨焊接接头的描述不准确导致仿真分析中的轮轨高频冲击力识别不准确的问题。The beneficial effect that the technical solution of the present application can achieve is: accurately fitting the irregularity of the rail welded joint through the parabolic function and the cosine function, realizing a more accurate description of the actual irregularity of the rail welded joint, and solving the problem of the rail welded joint The inaccurate description of the model leads to the inaccurate identification of the wheel-rail high-frequency impact force in the simulation analysis.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

图1是本申请一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法的一个具体实施方式的示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the description method of a kind of rail welding joint of the present application;

图2是本申请的钢轨焊接不平顺情况的具体分类的示意图;Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the specific classification of the rail welding irregularity situation of the present application;

图3是本申请的车轮通过不平顺的钢轨时的轮轨冲击荷载的示意图;Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the wheel-rail impact load when the wheel of the present application passes through an uneven rail;

图4是本申请的各种模型对三种类型焊接不平顺情况的几何描述与现场测试结果对比的示意图;Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that various models of the present application compare the geometric description and field test results of three types of welding irregularities;

图5是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凸型-A不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force time-domain comparison of the convex type-A irregularity situation of the present application;

图6是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凸型-B不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force time-domain comparison of the convex type-B irregularity of the present application;

图7是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凹型不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图;Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force time domain comparison of the concave type irregularity of the present application;

图8是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比的模拟结果与实测数据的误差分析示意图;Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the error analysis between the simulation results and the measured data of the wheel-rail vertical force time domain comparison of the present application;

图9是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域域对比中凸型-A不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图;Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the frequency domain comparison of the wheel-rail vertical force frequency domain of the present application and the unevenness of the convex type-A;

图10是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域对比中凸型-B不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图;Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force frequency domain comparison of the convex type-B irregularity of the present application;

图11是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域对比中凹型不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图。Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force frequency-domain comparison of concave irregularities in the present application.

通过上述附图,已示出本申请明确的实施例,后文中将有更详细的描述。这些附图和文字描述并不是为了通过任何方式限制本申请构思的范围,而是通过参考特定实施例为本领域技术人员说明本申请的概念。By means of the above drawings, specific embodiments of the present application have been shown, which will be described in more detail hereinafter. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the application for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本申请的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本申请的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本申请的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, so that the protection scope of the present application can be defined more clearly.

需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the statement "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of additional same elements in the process, method, article or device comprising said element.

现有技术中,根据轨道焊接接头处的现场实测数据,把钢轨焊接接头的常见的不平顺情况分为如图2所示的三种类型,针对这三种类型现有技术采用的描述方法为:In the prior art, according to the field measured data at the rail welded joints, the common irregularities of the rail welded joints are divided into three types as shown in Figure 2, and the description methods adopted in the prior art for these three types are :

1、直接利用实测数据进行描述。这种描述方法虽然准确,但难以分析各关键参数对轮轨高频冲击力的影响;1. Directly use the measured data to describe. Although this description method is accurate, it is difficult to analyze the influence of each key parameter on the high-frequency impact force of the wheel and rail;

2、完全利用余弦谐波函数模型进行描述。这种描述方法采用一个余弦函数来描述钢轨焊接接头不平顺,其公式如下:2. Fully use the cosine harmonic function model to describe. This description method uses a cosine function to describe the irregularity of the rail welded joint, and its formula is as follows:

式中,z0(t)代表钢轨焊接接头引起的垂向位移;a和λ分别代表钢轨焊接接头的幅值和波长;v是列车运行速度,t是时间。这种描述方法与现实的钢轨焊接接头形状差异性较大,不利于进行钢轨焊接接头的形状的轮轨高频冲击力数值仿真分析。In the formula, z0(t) represents the vertical displacement caused by the rail welded joint; a and λ represent the amplitude and wavelength of the rail welded joint, respectively; v is the train running speed, and t is the time. This description method is quite different from the actual shape of the rail welded joint, which is not conducive to the numerical simulation analysis of the high-frequency wheel-rail impact force of the shape of the rail welded joint.

3、利用复合余弦谐波模型进行描述。这种描述方式采用两个余弦函数分段描述钢轨焊接接头的不平顺,其中,如图2中的凸型-A,凸型-B和凹型三种钢轨焊接不平顺的描述公式如下:3. Use the compound cosine harmonic model to describe. This description method uses two cosine functions to describe the irregularity of the welded joint of the rail in sections. The description formulas of the three types of rail welding irregularities shown in Figure 2 are as follows:

式中,a1和a2分别代表第一分段和第二分段对应的幅值;λ1和λ2分别代表第一分段和第二分段对应的波长。这种描述方法虽然比较贴近钢轨焊接接头的真实形状,但在进行轮轨高频冲击力数值仿真分析时,对高频的冲击荷载的识别力较差,不利于进行后续的分析。In the formula, a1 and a2 represent the amplitudes corresponding to the first segment and the second segment respectively; λ1 and λ2 represent the wavelengths corresponding to the first segment and the second segment respectively. Although this description method is relatively close to the real shape of the rail welded joint, it is poor in identifying high-frequency impact loads during the numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail high-frequency impact force, which is not conducive to subsequent analysis.

综上所述,本身请提出一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法、装置、介质、设备和程序产品以及钢轨焊接接头的测试方法。该方法在数学模型所描述的钢轨焊接接头更接近真实情况的条件下,同时使得利用该数学模型进行轮轨高频冲击力数值仿真分析的测试结果更加直观的反映问题,以便于后续更好的根据测试结果进行问题分析。In summary, please propose a description method, device, medium, equipment and program product of rail welded joints and a test method for rail welded joints. Under the condition that the rail welding joint described by the mathematical model is closer to the real situation, this method makes the test results of the numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail high-frequency impact force using the mathematical model reflect the problem more intuitively, so as to facilitate subsequent better Analyze the problem based on the test results.

下面,以具体的实施例对本申请的技术方案以及本申请的技术方案如何解决上述技术问题进行详细说明。下面述及的具体的实施例可以相互结合形成新的实施例。对于在一个实施例中描述过的相同或相似的思想或过程,可能在其他某些实施例中不再赘述。下面将结合附图,对本申请的实施例进行描述。In the following, the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above technical problems will be described in detail with specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described below can be combined with each other to form new embodiments. The same or similar idea or process described in one embodiment may not be repeated in some other embodiments. Embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

图1示出了本申请一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法的一个实施方式。Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a description method of a rail welded joint in the present application.

图1所示的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,包括:步骤S101,获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;The description method of the rail welded joint shown in Fig. 1 includes: Step S101, obtaining the measured data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joint, and obtaining a waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the rail welded joint according to the measured data;

步骤S102,根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;Step S102, segmenting the waveform according to the shape of the waveform to obtain multiple segments;

步骤S103,对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及Step S103, respectively performing parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on a plurality of the segments to obtain corresponding parabolic functions or cosine functions; and

步骤S104,根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。In step S104, according to the parabolic function and the cosine function, a mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail is obtained.

在该具体实施方式中,通过抛物线函数和余弦函数描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状,能够使得到的数学模型更好地与实际情况匹配,并且使在时域下的轮轨力响应与试验数据模拟误差更小,能够更好的反映频域下的轮轨力响应,尤其是轮轨力响应的高频成分。In this specific embodiment, the geometric shape of the rail welded joint is described by the parabolic function and the cosine function, which can make the obtained mathematical model better match the actual situation, and make the wheel-rail force response in the time domain and the simulation error of the experimental data Smaller, it can better reflect the wheel-rail force response in the frequency domain, especially the high-frequency components of the wheel-rail force response.

具体的,如图2的钢轨焊接不平顺情况的具体分类的示意图,通过实地测试获取得到钢轨焊接接头不平顺情况的实测数据,并利用实测数据处理得到如图2中的a图所示的凸型-A波形、如图2中的b图所示的凸型-B波形和如图2中的c图所示的凹型波形,其中,图2所示的波形仅是示意性的,实际情况中还可能存在其它形状的钢轨焊接接头几何形状。根据波形的形状将图2中的凸型-A波形、凸型-B波形和凹型波形分为三段。对这三个分段进行拟合得到对应的抛物线函数和余弦函数,进而得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the specific classification of rail welding irregularities, the actual measurement data of the rail welding joint irregularity is obtained through field testing, and the convexity shown in Figure a in Figure 2 is obtained by processing the actual measurement data. Type-A waveform, the convex-B waveform shown in Figure 2 b and the concave waveform shown in Figure 2 c, wherein the waveform shown in Figure 2 is only schematic, the actual situation Other shapes of rail weld joint geometries are also possible. The convex-A waveform, convex-B waveform and concave waveform in Figure 2 are divided into three sections according to the shape of the waveform. The corresponding parabolic function and cosine function are obtained by fitting the three segments, and then the mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the rail welded joint is obtained.

在图1所示的实施方式中,钢轨焊接接头的描述方法包括步骤S101,获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形。该具体实施例,能够使得到的钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形更加贴近实际的钢轨焊接接头的几何形状,使得后续的拟合结果更加准确。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the method for describing the rail welded joint includes step S101 , obtaining measured data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joint, and obtaining a waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the rail welded joint according to the measured data. This specific embodiment can make the obtained geometric shape of the rail welded joint closer to the actual geometric shape of the rail welded joint, making subsequent fitting results more accurate.

具体的,利用仪器或人工在钢轨焊接接头处进行测试,获取得到多组钢轨焊接接头几何形状的检测数据,对多组钢轨焊接接头几何形状的检测数据进行计算筛选,得到实测数据,根据实测数据,绘制得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形,其中计算筛选过程包括,去除错误数据。Specifically, use instruments or manually to test at the rail welded joints to obtain multiple sets of detection data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joints, calculate and screen the detection data of the multiple sets of rail welded joints geometric shapes, and obtain the actual measurement data. According to the actual measurement data , and a waveform reflecting the geometry of the rail welded joint is drawn, where the computational screening process includes removing erroneous data.

在图1所示的具体实施方式中,钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,还包括步骤S102,根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段。该步骤为得到更加准确的钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型奠定基础。In the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the method for describing the welded joint of the rail further includes step S102 , according to the shape of the waveform, segmenting the waveform to obtain multiple segments. This step lays the foundation for obtaining a more accurate mathematical model of the rail welded joint geometry.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,步骤S102包括:通过分析波形,得到反映波形形状的幅值和波长,根据幅值和波长,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段。In a specific embodiment of the present application, step S102 includes: obtaining the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform by analyzing the waveform, and segmenting the waveform according to the amplitude and wavelength to obtain multiple segments.

具体的,如图2,根据图2中的凸型-A波形、凸型-B波形和凹型波形对应的波长λ1和λ2,以及对应的幅值a1和a2,将图2中的凸型-A波形、凸型-B波形和凹型波形分别进行分段处理,得到第一分段、第二分段和第三分段,其中,第一分段和第三分段对应的波长λ1,第二分段对应的波长为λ2。此处根据幅值和波长,将波形进行分段,得到三个分段,特别的,此处的分段仅是示例性的,在实际应用过程中分段方式也可以是非对称形式的。Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, according to the wavelengths λ1 and λ2 corresponding to the convex-A waveform, the convex-B waveform and the concave waveform in Figure 2, and the corresponding amplitudes a1 and a2, the convex- The A waveform, the convex-B waveform and the concave waveform are respectively segmented to obtain the first segment, the second segment and the third segment, wherein the wavelength λ1 corresponding to the first segment and the third segment, and the wavelength λ1 corresponding to the first segment The wavelength corresponding to the two segments is λ2. Here, the waveform is segmented according to the amplitude and wavelength to obtain three segments. In particular, the segmenting here is only exemplary, and the segmenting method may also be asymmetrical in the actual application process.

在图1所示的具体实施方式中,钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,还包括步骤S103,对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数。In the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the method for describing welded rail joints further includes step S103 , performing parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on the plurality of segments respectively to obtain corresponding parabola functions or cosine functions.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,步骤S103包括:根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。In a specific embodiment of the present application, step S103 includes: segmenting the waveform according to the shape of the waveform to obtain the first segment and the third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and The second segment in the middle of the waveform; performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding The cosine function of .

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,步骤S103包括:利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。In a specific embodiment of the present application, step S103 includes: using the amplitude and wavelength corresponding to the segment, the set train running speed and the time corresponding to the train running speed under the segment to determine the The parabolic function and the cosine function, wherein the product of the train running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment.

进一步,利用时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;利用第一分段和第三分段所对应的波长分别与列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;利用预定数值减去时间与第一商或第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,利用第一乘积与第一商和第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用第二乘积与第二商和第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。Further, the time and the first predetermined multiple are used to perform product operations on the amplitudes corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the first product and the second product; using the first segment and the third segment The corresponding wavelength is divided by the train running speed to obtain the first quotient and the second quotient; the ratio between the time and the first quotient or the second quotient is subtracted from the predetermined value to obtain the first difference and the second difference and, using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describing the first segment of the shape of the fitted waveform, and using the second product and the product of the second quotient and the second difference The ratio between , describing the third segment of the fitted waveform shape.

具体的,如图2所示,将图2中的波形根据波形形状进行分段处理,得到第一分段、第二分段和第三分段,对第一分段和第三分段分别进行拟合得到对应的抛物线函数,并对第二分段进行拟合得到对应的余弦函数,得到的拟合结果为:Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the waveform in Figure 2 is segmented according to the waveform shape to obtain the first segment, the second segment, and the third segment, and the first segment and the third segment are respectively Fitting is performed to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and the second segment is fitted to obtain the corresponding cosine function. The obtained fitting result is:

其中,公式5是对图2中的凸型-A的拟合结果、公式6是对图2中的凸型-B的拟合结果,公式7是对图2中的凹型波形的拟合结果。上述公式中的z0(t)代表钢轨焊接接头引起的垂向位移;a1和λ1分别代表钢轨焊接接头的短波幅值和短波波长,a2和λ2分别代表钢轨焊接接头的长波幅值和长波波长;v是在仿真时需要改变的列车运行速度,t是列车运行到钢轨焊接接头影响区域的时间,并且v和t的乘积为波长。Among them, formula 5 is the fitting result of the convex shape-A in Figure 2, formula 6 is the fitting result of the convex shape-B in Figure 2, and formula 7 is the fitting result of the concave waveform in Figure 2 . z0(t) in the above formula represents the vertical displacement caused by the rail welded joint; a1 and λ1 represent the short-wave amplitude and short-wave wavelength of the rail welded joint, respectively, and a2 and λ2 represent the long-wave amplitude and long-wave wavelength of the rail welded joint, respectively; v is the running speed of the train that needs to be changed during the simulation, t is the time for the train to run to the impact area of the rail welded joint, and the product of v and t is the wavelength.

在图1所示的具体实施方式中,钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,还包括步骤S104,根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。In the specific embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the method for describing the welded joint of the rail further includes step S104, obtaining a mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail according to the parabolic function and the cosine function.

具体的,图3是本申请的车轮通过不平顺的钢轨时的轮轨冲击荷载的示意图,如图3所示,对于钢轨接头引起的轮轨冲击力,研发人员通常利用低阶头轨道动力学分析模型,并由此定义了轮轨冲击振动中客观存在的两种特殊类型的作用力,即高频冲击荷载P1和低频准静态荷载P2。P1力和P2力不但是评价机车车辆对轨道破坏作用的重要指标,而且对分析轨道部件失效,几何状态恶化的机理,以及研究和发展高速以及重载轨道结构均有重要的理论意义。众所周知,在轮轨接触系统中存在着各种各样的脉冲激扰源,例如,当车轮冲击钢轨时,钢轨要承受高频冲击荷载P1和低频准静态荷载P2,P1力频率很高,一般在500Hz以上,P1力的频率在一般情况下相当于车辆簧下质量与钢轨质量之间所发生的赫兹接触的振动频率,且P1力一般仅出现在车轮冲击钢轨开始后的0.5ms左右的瞬时,由于钢轨的惯性力作用P1力衰减速度很快,因而来不及向车上和轨下传递,其不会直接对车轮和轨头产生破坏作用。而P2力作用于整个轨道系统,其频率相对较低,一般为30~100Hz之间,P2力由于持续时间较长,因而能够充分地向轨道下部结构传播,因此虽然一般情况下其荷载的量值相比P1要小一些,但其对轨道变形及轨下基础结构的破坏起主要作用。Specifically, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wheel-rail impact load when the wheel of the present application passes through an uneven rail. The model is analyzed, and two special types of forces that objectively exist in wheel-rail impact vibration are defined, namely, high-frequency impact load P1 and low-frequency quasi-static load P2. P1 force and P2 force are not only important indicators for evaluating the damage effect of rolling stock on the track, but also have important theoretical significance for analyzing the failure of track components, the mechanism of geometric state deterioration, and the research and development of high-speed and heavy-duty track structures. As we all know, there are various pulse excitation sources in the wheel-rail contact system. For example, when the wheel hits the rail, the rail has to bear the high-frequency impact load P1 and the low-frequency quasi-static load P2, and the P1 force frequency is very high. Above 500Hz, the frequency of the P1 force is generally equivalent to the vibration frequency of the Hertzian contact between the unsprung mass of the vehicle and the rail mass, and the P1 force generally only appears at an instant of about 0.5ms after the wheel impacts the rail. , due to the inertial force of the rail, the P1 force attenuates very quickly, so it is too late to be transmitted to the car and the rail, and it will not directly damage the wheel and the rail head. The P2 force acts on the entire track system, and its frequency is relatively low, generally between 30 and 100Hz. Due to the long duration of the P2 force, it can fully propagate to the substructure of the track, so although the amount of its load is generally The value is smaller than P1, but it plays a major role in the deformation of the track and the damage of the infrastructure under the track.

在现有技术中,采用余弦谐波模型进行轮轨耦合动力学仿真分析时,它可以较为准确的描述钢轨焊接接头作用下的P2力,但是对于P1力的描述误差较大,采用复合余弦谐波模型进行轮轨耦合动力学仿真分析时,它可以较为准确的描述钢轨焊接接头作用下的P1力和P2力,但是对于图2中的凸型-B的钢轨焊接接头的不平顺的模拟结果较差。因此,为使所建模型满足从频域和时域均能够准确的描述P1和P2力,根据现场焊接接头分类情况,本申请采用抛物线函数和余弦函数描述焊接接头的波形。In the existing technology, when the cosine harmonic model is used for the simulation analysis of wheel-rail coupling dynamics, it can describe the P2 force under the action of the rail welded joint more accurately, but the description error for the P1 force is large, and the compound cosine harmonic model is used When the wave model is used for the simulation analysis of wheel-rail coupling dynamics, it can more accurately describe the P1 force and P2 force under the action of the rail welded joint, but for the uneven simulation results of the convex-B rail welded joint in Figure 2 poor. Therefore, in order to enable the built model to accurately describe the P1 and P2 forces in both the frequency domain and the time domain, this application uses parabolic functions and cosine functions to describe the waveforms of welded joints according to the classification of welded joints on site.

与现有技术相比,本申请得到的数学模型在描述钢轨焊接接头的几何形状方面、在时域条件下轮轨垂直力数值仿真分析方面和在频域条件下轮轨垂直力数值仿真分析方面都能够较好的反映数据特征。图4是本申请的各种模型对三种类型焊接不平顺情况的几何描述与现场测试结果对比的示意图,如图4所示,各种模型对如图2所示的三种类型焊接不平顺的几何描述与现场测试结果对比如图4,本申请所采用的几何模型,相对于现有技术能够更好的描述如图2所示的三种类型焊接接头的几何形状。图5是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凸型-A不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图,图6是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凸型-B不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图,图7是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比中凹型不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图,如图5至图7所示采用轮轨耦合动力学模型计算三种类型焊接不平顺下的轮轨垂向力响应,三种不平顺模型模拟结果与不平顺情况的数值仿真分析的数据模拟结果对比显示,本申请在时域条件下,能够更好的反映P1力和P2力。图8是本申请的轮轨垂直力时域对比的模拟结果与实测数据的误差分析示意图,如图8所示,三种模型对于P2力的描述误差均在10%以内,对于P1力的描述,余弦谐波模型误差均大于10%,复合余弦谐波模型在描述凸型-B不平顺时,在列车速度为300km/h和350km/h时误差大于10%,而本申请所拟合的数学模型对于P1力和P2力误差均在10%以内。Compared with the prior art, the mathematical model obtained in this application can describe the geometric shape of the rail welded joint, the numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail vertical force under the time domain condition and the numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail vertical force under the frequency domain condition can better reflect the characteristics of the data. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of various models of the present application comparing geometric descriptions of three types of welding irregularities with field test results. The comparison between the geometric description and field test results is shown in Figure 4. Compared with the existing technology, the geometric model used in this application can better describe the geometric shapes of the three types of welded joints shown in Figure 2. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force time-domain comparison of the convex-A irregularity situation of the present application, and Fig. 6 is a simulation of the wheel-rail vertical force time-domain comparison of the convex-B irregularity situation of the present application The schematic diagram of the results, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the wheel-rail vertical force time domain comparison of the concave type irregularity of the present application, as shown in Figure 5 to Figure 7, using the wheel-rail coupling dynamics model to calculate three types of welding irregularities The following wheel-rail vertical force response, the comparison of the simulation results of the three types of roughness models and the data simulation results of the numerical simulation analysis of the roughness shows that this application can better reflect the P1 force and P2 force under the time domain conditions. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the error analysis between the simulation results and the measured data of the wheel-rail vertical force time domain comparison of the present application. , the cosine harmonic model errors are all greater than 10%. When the composite cosine harmonic model describes the convex-B irregularity, the error is greater than 10% when the train speed is 300km/h and 350km/h. The errors of the mathematical model are within 10% for the P1 force and the P2 force.

并且,对三种类型焊接接头的几何形状的轮轨垂向力响应进行傅立叶变换得到频域下的响应,三种类型焊接接头的几何形状对应的模拟结果与不平顺情况的数值仿真分析的数据模拟结果对比结果分别如图9至图11所示,其中,图9是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域域对比中凸型-A不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图,图10是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域对比中凸型-B不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图,图11是本申请的轮轨垂直力频域对比中凹型不平顺情况的模拟结果的示意图。如图9至图11所示,频域下的轮轨垂向力响应可以分为两个独立的频率带,其中一个在100Hz以下,大约在50Hz附近,其对应P2力的频率,本申请所拟合的数学模型和现有技术中两种数学模型与实测数据均保持一致。而在高频区域,可以明显看出,余弦谐波模型不能模拟高频P1力复合余弦谐波模型可以一定程度反映高频特征,但不够清晰和完整,本申请所拟合的模型在高频响应与试验数据模拟结果可以很好的反映出高频特征和低频特征。In addition, Fourier transform is performed on the wheel-rail vertical force response of the geometric shapes of the three types of welded joints to obtain the response in the frequency domain. The comparison results of the simulation results are shown in Figures 9 to 11 respectively, wherein Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the frequency domain comparison of the wheel-rail vertical force frequency domain of the present application, and Figure 10 is the simulation result of the unevenness of the convex type-A of the present application. Schematic diagram of the simulation results of wheel-rail vertical force frequency domain comparison of convex type-B irregularity. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of wheel-rail vertical force frequency domain comparison of concave type irregularity in the present application. As shown in Figures 9 to 11, the wheel-rail vertical force response in the frequency domain can be divided into two independent frequency bands, one of which is below 100 Hz, around 50 Hz, which corresponds to the frequency of the P2 force. The fitted mathematical model and the two mathematical models in the prior art are consistent with the measured data. In the high-frequency region, it can be clearly seen that the cosine harmonic model cannot simulate the high-frequency P1 force. The composite cosine harmonic model can reflect the high-frequency characteristics to a certain extent, but it is not clear and complete. The simulation results of response and test data can well reflect the high-frequency and low-frequency characteristics.

在本申请的另一个具体实施方式中,一种钢轨焊接接头的测试方法,其包括:利用预先得到的数学模型进行钢轨焊接接头的轮轨冲击力数值仿真分析;其中,预先得到的数学模型的获取过程包括:获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据实测数据,得到反映钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;根据波形形状,将波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及,根据抛物线函数和余弦函数,得到描述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。In another specific embodiment of the present application, a test method for a rail welded joint, which includes: using a pre-obtained mathematical model to perform numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail impact force of the rail welded joint; wherein, the pre-obtained mathematical model The acquisition process includes: obtaining the measured data of the geometric shape of the rail welded joint, and obtaining the waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the rail welded joint according to the measured data; according to the waveform shape, segmenting the waveform to obtain multiple segments; Perform parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on the above subsections to obtain the corresponding parabolic function or cosine function; and, according to the parabolic function and cosine function, obtain a mathematical model describing the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,根据波形的形状,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段,包括:通过分析波形,得到反映波形形状的幅值和波长,根据幅值和波长,将波形进行分段,得到多个分段。In a specific embodiment of the present application, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain multiple segments, including: by analyzing the waveform, the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform are obtained, and according to the amplitude and wavelength, the The waveform is segmented to obtain multiple segments.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,根根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。In a specific embodiment of the present application, according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain the first segment and the third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and a segment located in the middle of the waveform. The second segment: performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding cosine function.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。In a specific embodiment of the present application, the parabolic function and The cosine function, wherein the product of the train running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment.

在本申请的一个具体实施例中,利用时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;利用第一分段和第三分段所对应的波长分别与列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;利用预定数值减去时间与第一商或第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,利用第一乘积与第一商和第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用第二乘积与第二商和第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first product and the second product are obtained by using the time and the first predetermined multiple, and the amplitudes corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively, to obtain the first product and the second product; The wavelengths corresponding to the segment and the third segment are respectively divided by the train running speed to obtain the first quotient and the second quotient; the ratio between the time and the first quotient or the second quotient is obtained by subtracting the predetermined value from the predetermined value a difference and a second difference; and, using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describing the first segment of the fitted waveform shape, and using the second product and the second The ratio between the product of the quotient and the second difference, describing the third segment of the fitted waveform shape.

本申请提供的钢轨焊接接头的测试方法,可用于执行上述任一实施例描述的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其实现原理和技术效果类似,在此不再赘述。The method for testing welded rail joints provided in the present application can be used to implement the method for describing welded rail joints described in any of the above embodiments, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

以上所述仅为本申请的实施例,并非因此限制本申请的专利范围,凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。The above is only an embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent scope of the application. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the specification and drawings of the application, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, shall be the same as The theory is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1.一种钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其特征在于,包括:1. A description method of a rail welded joint, characterized in that it comprises: 获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据所述实测数据,得到反映所述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;Obtaining measured data of the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail, and obtaining a waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the welded joint of the rail according to the measured data; 根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;performing segment processing on the waveform according to the waveform shape to obtain multiple segments; 对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及Carrying out parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on a plurality of said segments respectively, to obtain corresponding parabola function or cosine function; and 根据所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,得到描述所述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。According to the parabolic function and the cosine function, a mathematical model describing the geometry of the welded joint of the rail is obtained. 2.根据权利要求1所述的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其特征在于,所述根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段,包括:2. The description method of rail welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to the waveform shape, the waveform is segmented to obtain a plurality of segments, including: 通过分析所述波形,得到反映所述波形形状的幅值和波长;Obtaining the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform by analyzing the waveform; 根据所述幅值和所述波长,将所述波形进行分段,得到多个所述分段。According to the amplitude and the wavelength, the waveform is segmented to obtain a plurality of segments. 3.根据权利要求1所述的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其特征在于,所述根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段,包括:3. The description method of rail welded joint according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to the waveform shape, the waveform is segmented to obtain a plurality of segments, including: 根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;Segmenting the waveform according to the shape of the waveform to obtain a first segment and a third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and a second segment located in the middle of the waveform; 对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。Performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding cosine function. 4.根据权利要求1所述的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其特征在于,所述对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数,包括:4. The description method for rail welded joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, performing parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on a plurality of said segments respectively to obtain corresponding parabolic functions or cosine functions, including : 利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。Using the amplitude and wavelength corresponding to the segment, the set train running speed and the time corresponding to the train running speed under the segment, determine the parabolic function and the cosine function, wherein the train The product of the running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment. 5.根据权利要求4所述的钢轨焊接接头的描述方法,其特征在于,所述对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数,包括:5. The description method of rail welded joints according to claim 4, characterized in that, performing parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on a plurality of said segments respectively to obtain corresponding parabolic functions or cosine functions, including : 利用所述时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的所述幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;performing a product operation by using the time, the first predetermined multiple, and the amplitude corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively, to obtain a first product and a second product; 利用所述第一分段和所述第三分段所对应的所述波长分别与所述列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;Using the wavelengths corresponding to the first segment and the third segment to divide by the train running speed to obtain a first quotient and a second quotient; 利用预定数值减去所述时间与所述第一商或所述第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,subtracting a ratio between said time and said first quotient or said second quotient by a predetermined value to obtain a first difference and a second difference; and, 利用所述第一乘积与所述第一商和所述第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用所述第二乘积与所述第二商和所述第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。Using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describe a first segment of the fitted waveform shape, and using the second product and the second quotient The ratio between the product of and said second difference describes a third segment of the fitted waveform shape. 6.一种钢轨焊接接头的测试方法,其特征在于,包括:6. A method for testing a rail welded joint, characterized in that it comprises: 利用预先得到的数学模型进行钢轨焊接接头的轮轨冲击力数值仿真分析;The numerical simulation analysis of the wheel-rail impact force of the welded joint of the rail is carried out by using the pre-obtained mathematical model; 其中,所述获取钢轨焊接接头几何形状的实测数据,并根据所述实测数据,得到反映所述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的波形;根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段;对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数;以及根据所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,得到描述所述钢轨焊接接头几何形状的数学模型。Wherein, the actual measurement data of the geometric shape of the rail welding joint is obtained, and according to the actual measurement data, a waveform reflecting the geometric shape of the rail welding joint is obtained; according to the shape of the waveform, the waveform is segmented to obtain multiple segments. section; perform parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting on a plurality of said segments respectively, to obtain corresponding parabolic function or cosine function; and according to said parabolic function and said cosine function, obtain and describe said rail welding joint geometric shape mathematical model. 7.根据权利要求6所述的轨焊接接头的测试方法,其特征在于,所述根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段,包括:7. The method for testing rail welded joints according to claim 6, wherein the waveform is segmented according to the waveform shape to obtain multiple segments, including: 通过分析所述波形,得到反映所述波形形状的幅值和波长;Obtaining the amplitude and wavelength reflecting the shape of the waveform by analyzing the waveform; 根据所述幅值和所述波长,将所述波形进行分段,得到多个所述分段。According to the amplitude and the wavelength, the waveform is segmented to obtain a plurality of segments. 8.根据权利要求6所述的轨焊接接头的测试方法,其特征在于,所述根据波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到多个分段,包括:8. The method for testing rail welded joints according to claim 6, wherein the waveform is segmented according to the waveform shape to obtain a plurality of segments, including: 根据所述波形形状,将所述波形进行分段处理,得到位于所述波形两端的第一分段和第三分段,以及位于所述波形中部的第二分段;Segmenting the waveform according to the shape of the waveform to obtain a first segment and a third segment located at both ends of the waveform, and a second segment located in the middle of the waveform; 对所述第一分段和所述第三分段分别进行抛物线拟合得到对应的所述抛物线函数,并对所述第二分段进行余弦曲线拟合得到对应的所述余弦函数。Performing parabola fitting on the first segment and the third segment respectively to obtain the corresponding parabolic function, and performing cosine curve fitting on the second segment to obtain the corresponding cosine function. 9.根据权利要求6所述的轨焊接接头的测试方法,其特征在于,所述对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数,包括:9. The method for testing rail welded joints according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of segments are respectively subjected to parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting to obtain corresponding parabolic functions or cosine functions, including : 利用所述分段对应的幅值和波长,设定的列车运行速度和在所述分段下所述列车运行速度对应的时间,确定所述抛物线函数和所述余弦函数,其中,所述列车运行速度和所述时间之间的乘积为所述分段对应的波长。Using the amplitude and wavelength corresponding to the segment, the set train running speed and the time corresponding to the train running speed under the segment, determine the parabolic function and the cosine function, wherein the train The product of the running speed and the time is the wavelength corresponding to the segment. 10.根据权利要求9所述的轨焊接接头的测试方法,其特征在于,所述对多个所述分段分别进行抛物线拟合或余弦曲线拟合,得到对应的抛物线函数或余弦函数,包括:10. The method for testing rail welded joints according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of segments are respectively subjected to parabola fitting or cosine curve fitting to obtain corresponding parabolic functions or cosine functions, including : 利用所述时间和第一预定倍数、分别与第一分段和第三分段所对应的所述幅值进行乘积运算,得到第一乘积和第二乘积;performing a product operation by using the time, the first predetermined multiple, and the amplitude corresponding to the first segment and the third segment respectively, to obtain a first product and a second product; 利用所述第一分段和所述第三分段所对应的所述波长分别与所述列车运行速度进行除法运算,得到第一商和第二商;Using the wavelengths corresponding to the first segment and the third segment to divide by the train running speed to obtain a first quotient and a second quotient; 利用预定数值减去所述时间与所述第一商或所述第二商之间的比值,得到第一差值和第二差值;以及,subtracting a ratio between said time and said first quotient or said second quotient by a predetermined value to obtain a first difference and a second difference; and, 利用所述第一乘积与所述第一商和所述第一差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第一分段,并利用所述第二乘积与所述第二商和所述第二差值的乘积之间的比值,描述拟合波形形状的第三分段。Using the ratio between the first product and the product of the first quotient and the first difference, describe a first segment of the fitted waveform shape, and using the second product and the second quotient The ratio between the product of and said second difference describes a third segment of the fitted waveform shape.
CN202310484819.9A 2023-04-28 2023-04-28 Description method and test method for steel rail welded joint Pending CN116542042A (en)

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