CN116542028A - Structure optimization method for amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer - Google Patents
Structure optimization method for amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
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- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 138
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- 101000767160 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Intracellular protein transport protein USO1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structural optimization method of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, and belongs to the field of combined wound cores. Firstly, determining an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional iron core structure with silicon steel materials used in an inner layer and amorphous materials used in an outer layer, further determining structural parameters of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional iron core distribution transformer, then taking the structural parameters as optimization variables, establishing a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional iron core distribution transformer, finally taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight sound pressure level as optimization targets, and resolving the structural optimization model by adopting a multi-target optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional iron core distribution transformer. The invention provides a combined three-dimensional wound core structure capable of integrating respective advantages of amorphous and silicon steel, and the structural parameters of the combined three-dimensional wound core are optimally designed, so that the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with low no-load loss and low vibration noise is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combined wound cores, in particular to a structural optimization method of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
Background
Amorphous alloy and oriented silicon steel are two commonly used soft magnetic materials for manufacturing a three-dimensional coil distribution transformer core. The amorphous alloy has the advantages of high magnetic conductivity and low loss density, so that the amorphous distribution transformer has low no-load loss; however, the amorphous alloy distribution transformer has the defects of low saturation magnetic flux density, large magnetostriction coefficient, small lamination coefficient, poor mechanical toughness, low impact resistance, large noise, low design magnetic density, large volume, poor short circuit resistance and the like. The silicon steel distribution transformer has the advantages of good iron core processing performance, high design magnetic density, small volume and low noise; however, the silicon steel distribution transformer has the defects of low magnetic permeability and high loss density, and has large no-load loss. The electromagnetic properties of the two soft magnetic materials result in the current distribution transformers not being capable of simultaneously achieving low no-load loss and low vibration noise.
Therefore, the combined three-dimensional wound core structure capable of integrating the advantages of the amorphous silicon steel and the advantages of the silicon steel is provided, structural parameters of the combined three-dimensional wound core are optimally designed, and the combined three-dimensional wound core structure has important significance in reducing no-load loss of the distribution transformer and reducing vibration noise of the distribution transformer.
Due to the existence of two soft magnetic materials of amorphous and silicon steel and the obvious difference of magnetic permeability of the two materials, the current structural design method for the single soft magnetic material three-dimensional coil distribution transformer is not suitable for the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional coil core distribution transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural optimization method of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, which can obtain the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with low no-load loss and low vibration noise.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer structure optimization method comprises the following steps:
determining the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core; the structure is characterized in that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material;
according to the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core, determining structural parameters of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core distribution transformer;
taking the structural parameters as optimization variables, and establishing a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer;
and solving the structural optimization model by adopting a multi-objective optimization algorithm by taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight sound pressure level as optimization targets to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
Optionally, structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer include: silicon steel duty ratio x, core limb diameter D, low-voltage foil winding thickness h ww2 Low voltage foil winding height h wh2 Diameter d of high-voltage round wire winding s1 And low voltage winding turns N 2 。
Optionally, the structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is that
Wherein P is c For no-load loss, K c F is the no-load loss coefficient BP_A And f BP_S Interpolation function of loss density curve of amorphous silicon steel and loss density curve of silicon steel respectively, B A1 And B S1 The magnetic flux densities of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively, i is the ith harmonic content of the magnetic flux density;
G A1 and G S1 Respectively the weight of amorphous silicon steel and G A1 ＝3l A1 S A1 ρ A1 And G S1 ＝3l S1 S S1 ρ S1 ；ρ A1 And ρ S1 Density of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively, l A1 And l S1 The magnetic path lengths of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively; s is S A1 And S is S1 The effective sectional areas of the single-frame amorphous silicon steel and the single-frame silicon steel are respectively;
l S1 ≈2(H w +W w )
K A and K S Lamination coefficients H of the amorphous and silicon steel three-dimensional wound iron cores respectively w And W is w The height and the width of the window of the combined three-dimensional wound core are respectively;
H w ＝h wh2 +2d c1
d c1 and d c2 D is the distance between the low-voltage winding and the upper and lower yokes and the distance between the low-voltage winding and the centrifugal column o1 And d o2 Respectively the distance d between two oil channels of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding iso D is the distance between the isolating layers of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding int D is the distance between the high-voltage winding phase and the phase 1 And D 2 The radial distance of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding respectively;
D 1 ＝m 1 (d s1 +2d int1 )+d ins1 (m 1 -3)
D 2 ＝m 2 h ww2 +d ins2 (m 2 -2)
m 1 and m 2 The layers of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding respectively, d int1 Thickness d of insulating layer of high-voltage winding round wire ins1 And d ins2 The thickness of the insulating paper between the high-voltage winding layer and the low-voltage winding layer is respectively;
[]represent rounding; n (N) 1max For the number of turns when the high-voltage winding is regulated according to 5% tap voltage, N 1max ＝[U 1 (1+5％)/e t ]，U 1 Maximum rated voltage at high voltage side, e t For single turn potential of low voltage winding e t ＝U 2rms /N 2 ，U 2rms The voltage is the rated voltage effective value of the low-voltage winding; n (N) 11 For single layer turns of high voltage winding, N 11 ＝[(h wh2 -2d c3 )/(d s1 +d int1 )]，d c3 The height of the end ring of the high-voltage winding;
L p weighting sound pressure level for A; f is the working frequency of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer; g is the total weight of the combined iron core, g=g A1 +G S1 ；λ A And lambda (lambda) S Magnetostriction coefficients of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively.
Optionally, the constraint conditions of the structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer are 6;
constraint 1: the peak value of the amorphous magnetic flux density is not higher than that of silicon steel, and is expressed as B A1 ≤B S1 ；
Constraint 2: current density J of high voltage winding 1 Not higher than 3A/mm 2 Denoted by J 1 ≤3A/mm 2 ；
Constraint 3: current density J of low voltage winding 2 Not higher than 3A/mm 2 Denoted by J 2 ≤3A/mm 2 ；
Constraint 4: winding loss P w Not higher than primary energy consumption limit value P of amorphous three-dimensional coil distribution transformer max Denoted as P w ≤P max ；
Constraint 5: exciting current percentage I 0 % is not higher than that of a silicon steel three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the same specification, and is expressed as I 0 ％≤0.18％；
Constraint 6: short-circuit voltage percentage U k % is not higher than that of a three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the same specification, and is expressed as U k ％≤4％。
Optionally, the calculation process of the magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel is as follows:
calculating the amorphous magnetic field strength by utilizing ampere loop law according to the magnetic field strength initial value of silicon steel;
according to the initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetic field intensity of the amorphous silicon steel, interpolating and calculating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel and the amorphous silicon steel according to the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel and the amorphous silicon steel;
based on the principle of magnetic flux continuity, the formula Φ=2b is utilized according to the average magnetic flux density of amorphous and silicon steel A S A1 +2B S S S1 Calculating the magnetic flux phi of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core; wherein B is A And B S Average magnetic flux densities of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively;
judging the value of phi-phi m Whether the I is smaller than or equal to a preset error e or not, and obtaining a judgment result; wherein phi is m Represents a rated magnetic flux;
when the judgment result indicates no, comparing whether phi is smaller than phi m Obtaining a comparison result;
if the comparison result is that phi is smaller than phi m The initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is increased by delta H S1 Returning to the step of interpolating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel according to the initial magnetic field intensity value and the amorphous magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel; wherein DeltaH S1 The magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is increased;
if the comparison result is that phi is not less than phi m The initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is reduced by delta H S1 Returning to the step of interpolating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel according to the initial magnetic field intensity value and the amorphous magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel;
when the judgment result shows yes, the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel is output as the magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel.
Optionally, the current density J of the high voltage winding 1 The calculation formula of (2) isWherein I is 1 Is the rated current effective value of the high-voltage side;
current density J of the low voltage winding 2 The calculation formula of (2) isWherein I is 2 Is the rated current effective value of the low-voltage side;
the winding loss P w The calculation formula of (2) is P w ＝3K w (I 1 2 R 1 +I 2 2 R 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein K is w Is the winding loss coefficient; r is R 1 And R is 2 The resistances of the high and low voltage windings respectively, l 1 and l 2 The lengths of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding are respectively;
the exciting current percentage I 0 % is calculated asWherein I is 0y % and I 0w % is the active and reactive components of the excitation current percentage, respectively, < >> S N For rated capacity, q A And q S The excitation power densities of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively;
the short-circuit voltage percentage U k % is calculated asIn U kR % and U kX % resistance and reactance components, respectively, as a percentage of the short-circuit voltage, +.> H k For the reactance height of the high-low voltage winding, ρ is a parameter related to the reactance height and the leakage field width, ρ=1- λ/(10ρh) k ) Lambda is the width of the leakage magnetic field, sigma D For parameters related to the high and low voltage winding structure, < >>r 1 And r 2 Average radius of high and low voltage windings, r iso Is wound by high and low voltageIsolation layer radius between groups.
An amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer structure optimization device, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer software program; the computer software program is used for implementing the structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer;
and the processor is connected with the memory and is used for calling and executing the computer software program.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a structural optimization method of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, which comprises the steps of firstly determining an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core structure with silicon steel materials used in an inner layer and amorphous materials used in an outer layer, further determining structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, then taking the structural parameters as optimization variables, establishing a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, finally taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight sound pressure level as optimization targets, and adopting a multi-target optimization algorithm to solve the structural optimization model to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer. The invention provides a combined three-dimensional wound core structure capable of integrating respective advantages of amorphous and silicon steel, and the structural parameters of the combined three-dimensional wound core are optimally designed, so that the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with low no-load loss and low vibration noise is obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the magnetization of amorphous materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the magnetization of silicon steel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a core column of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a single-frame three-view of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a low voltage foil winding provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a high-voltage round wire winding structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of loss density for an amorphous phase according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of loss density of a silicon steel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a window structure diagram of a combined three-dimensional wound core according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a diagram of an interlayer insulation structure of a high-voltage winding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an interlayer insulation structure of a low-voltage winding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of amorphous magnetostriction provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a magnetostriction graph of a silicon steel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an iterative process of an iterative method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a graph of the amorphous excitation power density provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a graph of the excitation power density of a silicon steel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of Pareto optimal solution set provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 20 is a diagram of a structural optimization result of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a structural optimization method of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, which can obtain the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with low no-load loss and low vibration noise.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for optimizing a structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core; the structure is that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material.
According to the magnetization curves of the amorphous and silicon steel materials, the structural form of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core is determined: the magnetization curves of amorphous and silicon steel are shown in fig. 2 and 3, the saturation magnetic flux density of amorphous is about 1.6T, and the saturation magnetic flux density of silicon steel is about 2.0T. In the combined three-dimensional wound core, in order to achieve the purpose of preventing amorphous supersaturation of silicon steel, it is required that the working magnetic flux density of the silicon steel portion is greater than that of the amorphous portion. According to ampere loop theorem ni=hl (N is the number of turns of an excitation coil, I is the excitation current, H is the magnetic field strength, and l is the magnetic path length), when amorphous silicon steel is combined in parallel, magnetomotive force NI is equal, and the shorter the magnetic path length is, the greater the magnetic field strength is. Therefore, the combined three-dimensional wound core structure is characterized in that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material, so that the aim that the working magnetic flux density of the silicon steel is larger than that of the amorphous working magnetic flux density is achieved more easily.
Step 2: and determining structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core.
The sectional view and the single frame three views of the core column of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core are shown in fig. 4 and 5. As can be seen from the figure, the parameters that determine the structure of the composite solid wound core include silicon steel duty ratio, core leg diameter, core window height and core window width, wherein the core window height and core window width are determined by the winding structure of the composite solid wound core distribution transformer.
The structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is shown in fig. 6, and a low-voltage winding of the three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is of a foil structure, and a high-voltage winding of the three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is of a round wire structure. The low voltage foil winding structure is shown in fig. 7, and the high voltage round wire winding structure is shown in fig. 8. Thus, for a given voltage class and rated capacity of a combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, the parameters that determine its structure include silicon steel duty x, core limb diameter D, low voltage foil winding thickness h ww2 Low voltage foil winding height h wh2 Diameter d of high-voltage round wire winding s1 Turns of low-voltage winding N 2 . The above 6 parameters are the structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer determined by the invention.
Step 3: and taking the structural parameters as optimization variables, and establishing a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
In order to realize energy conservation and environmental protection, the no-load loss and A weight sound pressure level of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer are selected as targets to be optimized, and the no-load loss and vibration noise calculation methods of the combined core are as follows:
for no-load loss, the magnetic flux density of the whole combined iron core is changed in a sine way according to the Faraday electromagnetic induction theorem, but the magnetic flux density distribution of the amorphous and silicon steel parts of the combined iron core contains harmonic components due to the existence of the amorphous and silicon steel at the same time and the difference of magnetic permeability of the two materials, so that the influence of the harmonic is needed to be considered when the no-load loss of the combined iron core is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein K is c The value of the no-load loss coefficient is 1.25, and the coefficient is used for reflecting the non-uniformity of the magnetic flux density distribution of the actual transformer iron core and the loss increase caused by the iron core production and processing process; f (f) BP_A And f BP_S Interpolation functions of loss density curves of amorphous silicon steel and loss density curves of amorphous silicon steel are shown in fig. 9 and 10; b (B) A1 And B S1 Magnetic flux densities of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively; i is the i th harmonic content of the magnetic flux density, and only the 7 th harmonic is considered when the no-load loss of the combined iron core is calculated; g A1 And G S1 The weight of amorphous silicon steel and silicon steel are respectively calculated as follows:
G A1 ＝3l A1 S A1 ρ A1 (2)
G S1 ＝3l S1 S S1 ρ S1 (3)
wherein, I A1 And l S1 Magnetic path lengths of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively; s is S A1 And S is S1 The effective sectional areas of the single-frame amorphous silicon steel and the single-frame silicon steel are respectively; ρ A1 And ρ S1 Density ρ of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively A1 ＝7180kg/m 3 ，ρ S1 ＝7650kg/m 3 . The calculation formula of the magnetic path length and the effective sectional area is as follows:
l S1 ≈2(H w +W w ) (5)
wherein K is A And K S Lamination coefficients of the amorphous silicon steel three-dimensional wound iron cores and the silicon steel three-dimensional wound iron cores are respectively 0.836 and 0.97; h w And W is w The window height and width of the combined three-dimensional wound core are respectively shown in fig. 11, the size of the window is related to the winding structure of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, and the calculation formula is as follows:
H w ＝h wh2 +2d c1 (8)
wherein d c1 And d c2 The distance between the low-voltage winding and the upper and lower yokes and the distance between the low-voltage winding and the centrifugal column are respectively 12.5mm and 8.5mm; d, d o1 And d o2 The distances between the oil channels of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding are respectively 2.5mm, wherein the high-voltage winding comprises 2 oil channels, and the low-voltage winding comprises 1 oil channel; d, d iso The distance between the high-voltage winding isolation layers and the low-voltage winding isolation layers is 5mm; d, d int The distance between the high-voltage winding phase and the phase is 5mm; d (D) 1 And D 2 The radial distance of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding is related to the number of turns and the number of layers of the high-voltage winding, and the calculation formula is as follows:
D 1 ＝m 1 (d s1 +2d int1 )+d ins1 (m 1 -3) (10)
D 2 ＝m 2 h ww2 +d ins2 (m 2 -2) (11)
wherein m is 1 And m 2 The number of layers of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding is respectively N, wherein the number of layers of the low-voltage winding is the number of turns N 2 The number of layers of the high-voltage winding is determined by the total number of turns and the single-layer number of turns; d, d int1 Is the thickness of the insulating layer of the high-voltage winding round wire,the value is 0.12mm; d, d ins1 And d ins2 The thickness of the insulating paper between the high-voltage winding layer and the low-voltage winding layer is respectively 0.32mm and 0.16mm, the interlayer insulating structures of the windings are shown in fig. 12 and 13, wherein fig. 12 is a structure diagram of interlayer insulating of the high-voltage winding, and fig. 13 is a structure diagram of interlayer insulating of the low-voltage winding. Layer number m of high-voltage winding 1 The calculation formula is as follows:
in [ of ]]Represent rounding; n (N) 1max For the number of turns when the high-voltage winding is regulated according to 5% tap voltage, N 1max ＝[U 1 (1+5％)/e t ]，U 1 Maximum rated voltage at high voltage side, e t For single turn potential of low voltage winding e t ＝U 2rms /N 2 ，U 2rms The voltage is the rated voltage effective value of the low-voltage winding; n (N) l1 For single layer turns of high voltage winding, N l1 ＝[(h wh2 -2d c3 )/(d s1 +d int1 )]，d c3 The height of the end ring of the high-voltage winding is 20mm.
The calculation of the A weight sound pressure level of the combined three-dimensional wound iron core needs to consider the magnetostriction coefficients of amorphous silicon steel, the magnetostriction curves of the amorphous silicon steel are shown in fig. 14 and 15, and the calculation formula of the A weight sound pressure level of the combined three-dimensional wound iron core is as follows:
wherein f is the working frequency of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer; g is the total weight of the combined iron core, g=g A1 +G S1 ；λ A And lambda (lambda) S Magnetostriction coefficients of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively, are related to the magnetic flux density distribution of the combined core.
The constraint conditions of the structural optimization design of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer are 6, and constraint 1 is as follows: the peak value of the magnetic flux density of the amorphous part is not higher than that of the silicon steel part, B A1 ≤B S1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constraint 2 is: the current density of the high-voltage winding is not higher than 3A/mm 2 ，J 1 ≤3A/mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constraint 3 is: the current density of the low-voltage winding is not higher than 3A/mm 2 ，J 2 ≤3A/mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constraint 4 is: the winding loss is not higher than the limit value of the primary energy consumption of the amorphous three-dimensional coil distribution transformer in the current national standard, taking the amorphous three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the rated capacity of 400kVA as an example, the limit value of the primary energy consumption of the winding loss is 3660W, P w Not more than 3660W; constraint 5 is: the exciting current percentage is not higher than that of a silicon steel three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the same specification, I 0 The percentage is less than or equal to 0.18 percent; constraint 6 is: the short-circuit voltage percentage is not higher than that of the same-specification three-dimensional coil distribution transformer, U k ％≤4％。
For the combined iron core, the faraday electromagnetic induction theorem cannot directly obtain the distribution result of magnetic flux density in each part of amorphous and silicon steel due to the magnetic permeability difference of the amorphous and silicon steel. In order to solve the problem, the present invention calculates the magnetic flux density distribution of the combined iron core by adopting an iterative method according to BH curves (magnetization curve, magnetization curves) of amorphous and silicon steel and the magnetic circuit structure of the combined iron core, and the iterative process is shown in fig. 16, specifically:
(1) assume that the initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the inner silicon steel is H S1 The outer amorphous magnetic field intensity is calculated according to ampere loop law, and the calculation formula is H A1 ＝H S1 l S1 /l A1 ；
(2) Comparing BH curves of amorphous silicon steel and silicon steel, taking the magnetic field strength of the inner layer silicon steel and the outer layer amorphous silicon steel as known quantity, and interpolating to obtain average magnetic density B of each part of the corresponding combined iron core A And B S ；
(3) Under steady state condition, calculating the magnetic flux of the combined iron core according to the principle of magnetic flux continuity, wherein the calculation formula is phi=2B A S A1 +2B S S S1 ；
(4) If calculated values phi and phi m The absolute value of the difference value of (2) is larger than the preset error e, the calculated magnetic flux value phi is compared with the rated magnetic flux phi m In comparison, rated magnetic flux Φ m The calculation formula of (C) is phi m ＝U 2rms /4.44fN 2 If the calculated value phi is smaller than phi m Then increase the initial value H of the magnetic field intensity of the inner silicon steel S1 ＝H S1 +ΔH S1 Wherein DeltaH S1 The increase of the magnetic field intensity of the inner silicon steel is a positive value, and the steps (1) - (4) are repeated; if the calculated value phi is greater than phi m Then the initial value H of the magnetic field intensity of the inner silicon steel is reduced S1 ＝H S1 -ΔH S1 Repeating steps (1) - (4); if calculated values phi and phi m If the absolute value of the difference value is smaller than or equal to the preset error e, the circulation is jumped out, and the average magnetic density B of each part of the combined iron core is output A And B S As magnetic flux density of amorphous and silicon steel.
Constraint 1 may be determined according to the method described above.
For constraints 2 and 3, the current density calculation formula for the high and low voltage windings is:
wherein I is 1 And I 2 Which are rated current effective values on the high and low voltage sides, respectively.
For constraint 4, the winding loss calculation formula of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is as follows:
wherein K is w The value of the winding loss coefficient is 1.15, and the coefficient is used for reflecting the non-uniformity of the current density distribution of the actual transformer winding; r is R 1 And R is 2 The resistances of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding are respectively calculated according to the following formulas:
wherein, I 1 And l 2 The lengths of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding are calculated from the number of turns of the high-voltage winding and the average length of single turns.
For constraint 5, the calculation formula of the exciting current percentage of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is as follows:
wherein I is 0y % and I 0w % is the active and reactive components of the excitation current percentages, respectively; s is S N Is rated capacity; q S And q A The excitation power densities of amorphous and silicon steel are respectively shown in fig. 17, and the excitation power density curve of silicon steel is shown in fig. 18.
For constraint 6, the calculation formula of the short-circuit voltage percentage of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is as follows:
in U kR % and U kX % is the resistive and reactive components, respectively, of the short circuit voltage percent; h k The reactance height of the high-low voltage winding is about the height of the high-low voltage winding, and the unit is cm; ρ is a parameter related to the reactance height and the leakage field width, ρ=1- λ/(10ρh) k ) Lambda is the width of the leakage magnetic field and is determined by the radial distance of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding, and the unit is mm; sigma (sigma) D For parameters related to the high-low voltage winding structure, the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein r is 1 And r 2 The average radius of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding respectively; r is (r) iso Is the radius of the isolating layer between the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding.
Formulas (1), (13) - (16), (19) and (22) are structural optimization models of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
Step 4: and solving the structural optimization model by adopting a multi-objective optimization algorithm by taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight sound pressure level as optimization targets to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
And optimizing the provided model by adopting a multi-objective algorithm to obtain the structural parameters of the combined iron core distribution transformer.
Taking a combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with rated voltage of 10kV and rated capacity of 400kVA as an example, a model is optimized by adopting a multi-target differential evolution algorithm to obtain a Pareto optimal solution set. The selection principle is that the no-load loss of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is 15% lower than the primary energy consumption (330W) of a silicon steel transformer with the same specification, and the A weight sound pressure level is 2dB (A) lower than the vibration noise (45 dB (A)) of an amorphous transformer with the same specification. An optimization scheme satisfying the requirement pair is selected from the set of possible schemes shown in fig. 19, and the structural parameters of the optimization scheme are shown in table 1. According to the optimization results shown in table 1, the structure of the determined amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is shown in fig. 20.
TABLE 1 structural parameter optimization results for amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional coil distribution transformer
| Parameters (parameters) | x | D | h wh2 | h ww2 | d s1 | N 2 |
| Results | 0.3487 | 250.0mm | 217.6mm | 1.2mm | 2.7mm | 18 |
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer with low no-load loss and low vibration noise is obtained, and plays an important role in effectively reducing the electric energy loss of a distribution network and rapidly developing a green environment-friendly power grid.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a structure optimization device of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer, which comprises the following components:
a memory for storing a computer software program; the computer software program is used for implementing the structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer; and the processor is connected with the memory and is used for calling and executing the computer software program.
The processor comprises:
the wound core structure determining module is used for determining the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core; the structure is characterized in that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material;
the structural parameter determining module is used for determining structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core;
the optimization model building module is used for building a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer by taking the structural parameters as optimization variables;
and the optimization module is used for solving the structural optimization model by taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight calculating sound pressure level as optimization targets and adopting a multi-target optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
The memory is, for example, a computer-readable storage medium.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core; the structure is characterized in that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material;
according to the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core, determining structural parameters of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core distribution transformer;
taking the structural parameters as optimization variables, and establishing a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer;
and solving the structural optimization model by adopting a multi-objective optimization algorithm by taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight sound pressure level as optimization targets to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
2. The method for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to claim 1, wherein the structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer comprise: silicon steel duty ratio x, core limb diameter D, low-voltage foil winding thickness h ww2 Low voltage foil winding height h wh2 Diameter d of high-voltage round wire winding s1 And low voltage winding turns N 2 。
3. The structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to claim 2, wherein the structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer is as follows
Wherein P is c For no-load loss, K c F is the no-load loss coefficient BP_A And f BP_S Interpolation function of loss density curve of amorphous silicon steel and loss density curve of silicon steel respectively, B A1 And B S1 The magnetic flux densities of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively, i is the ith harmonic content of the magnetic flux density;
G A1 and G S1 Respectively the weight of amorphous silicon steel and G A1 ＝3l A1 S A1 ρ A1 And G S1 ＝3l S1 S S1 ρ S1 ；ρ A1 And ρ S1 Density of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively, l A1 And l S1 The magnetic path lengths of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively; s is S A1 And S is S1 The effective sectional areas of the single-frame amorphous silicon steel and the single-frame silicon steel are respectively;
l S1 ≈2(H w +W w )
K A and K S Lamination coefficients H of the amorphous and silicon steel three-dimensional wound iron cores respectively w And W is w The height and the width of the window of the combined three-dimensional wound core are respectively;
H w ＝h wh2 +2d c1
d c1 and d c2 D is the distance between the low-voltage winding and the upper and lower yokes and the distance between the low-voltage winding and the centrifugal column o1 And d o2 Respectively the distance d between two oil channels of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding iso D is the distance between the isolating layers of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding int D is the distance between the high-voltage winding phase and the phase 1 And D 2 The radial distance of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding respectively;
D 1 ＝m 1 (d s1 +2d int1 )+d ins1 (m 1 -3)
D 2 ＝m 2 h ww2 +d ins2 (m 2 -2)
m 1 and m 2 The layers of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding respectively, d int1 Thickness d of insulating layer of high-voltage winding round wire ins1 And d ins2 The thickness of the insulating paper between the high-voltage winding layer and the low-voltage winding layer is respectively;
[]represent rounding; n (N) 1max For the number of turns when the high-voltage winding is regulated according to 5% tap voltage, N 1max ＝[U 1 (1+5％)/e t ]，U 1 Maximum rated voltage at high voltage side, e t For single turn potential of low voltage winding e t ＝U 2rms /N 2 ，U 2rms The voltage is the rated voltage effective value of the low-voltage winding; n (N) 11 For single layer turns of high voltage winding, N 11 ＝[(h wh2 -2d c3 )/(d s1 +d int1 )]，d c3 The height of the end ring of the high-voltage winding;
L p weighting sound pressure level for A; f is the working frequency of the combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer; g is the total weight of the combined iron core, g=g A1 +G S1 ；λ A And lambda (lambda) S Magnetostriction coefficients of amorphous and silicon steel, respectively.
4. The structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to claim 3, wherein the constraint conditions of the structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer are 6 in total;
constraint 1: the peak value of the amorphous magnetic flux density is not higher than that of silicon steel, and is expressed as B A1 ≤B S1 ；
Constraint 2: current density J of high voltage winding 1 Not higher than 3A/mm 2 Denoted by J 1 ≤3A/mm 2 ；
Constraint 3: current density J of low voltage winding 2 Not higher than 3A/mm 2 Denoted by J 2 ≤3A/mm 2 ；
Constraint 4: winding loss P w Not higher than primary energy consumption limit value P of amorphous three-dimensional coil distribution transformer max Denoted as P w ≤P max ；
Constraint 5: exciting current percentage I 0 % is not higher than that of a silicon steel three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the same specification, and is expressed as I 0 ％≤0.18％；
Constraint 6: short-circuit voltage percentage U k % is not higher than that of a three-dimensional coil distribution transformer with the same specification, and is expressed as U k ％≤4％。
5. The method for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to claim 4, wherein the calculating process of the magnetic flux density of amorphous and silicon steel is as follows:
calculating the amorphous magnetic field strength by utilizing ampere loop law according to the magnetic field strength initial value of silicon steel;
according to the initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetic field intensity of the amorphous silicon steel, interpolating and calculating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel and the amorphous silicon steel according to the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel and the amorphous silicon steel;
based on the principle of magnetic flux continuity, the formula Φ=2b is utilized according to the average magnetic flux density of amorphous and silicon steel A S A1 +2B S S S1 Calculating the magnetic flux phi of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound iron core; wherein B is A And B S Average of amorphous and silicon steel respectivelyMagnetic flux density;
judging the value of phi-phi m Whether the I is smaller than or equal to a preset error e or not, and obtaining a judgment result; wherein phi is m Represents a rated magnetic flux;
when the judgment result indicates no, comparing whether phi is smaller than phi m Obtaining a comparison result;
if the comparison result is that phi is smaller than phi m The initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is increased by delta H S1 Returning to the step of interpolating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel according to the initial magnetic field intensity value and the amorphous magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel; wherein DeltaH S1 The magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is increased;
if the comparison result is that phi is not less than phi m The initial value of the magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel is reduced by delta H S1 Returning to the step of interpolating to obtain the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel according to the initial magnetic field intensity value and the amorphous magnetic field intensity of the silicon steel and the magnetization curve of the amorphous silicon steel;
when the judgment result shows yes, the average magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel is output as the magnetic flux density of the amorphous silicon steel.
6. The method for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to claim 4, wherein,
current density J of the high-voltage winding 1 The calculation formula of (2) isWherein I is 1 Is the rated current effective value of the high-voltage side;
current density J of the low voltage winding 2 The calculation formula of (2) isWherein I is 2 Is the rated current effective value of the low-voltage side;
the winding loss P w The calculation formula of (2) isWherein K is w Is the winding loss coefficient; r is R 1 And R is 2 Resistance of high-low voltage winding respectively, +.> l 1 And l 2 The lengths of the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding are respectively;
the exciting current percentage I 0 % is calculated asWherein I is 0y % and I 0w % is the active and reactive components of the excitation current percentage, respectively, < >> S N For rated capacity, q A And q S The excitation power densities of the amorphous silicon steel and the silicon steel are respectively;
the short-circuit voltage percentage U k % is calculated asIn U kR % and U kX % resistance and reactance components, respectively, as a percentage of the short-circuit voltage, +.> H k The reactance height of the high-low voltage winding is ρ is the reactance heightParameters related to the degree and width of the leakage magnetic field, ρ=1- λ/(10ρh) k ) Lambda is the width of the leakage magnetic field, sigma D For parameters related to the high and low voltage winding structure, < >>r 1 And r 2 Average radius of high and low voltage windings, r iso Is the radius of the isolating layer between the high-voltage winding and the low-voltage winding.
7. The utility model provides an three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer structure optimizing equipment of amorphous-silicon steel combination which characterized in that includes:
a memory for storing a computer software program; the computer software program is used for implementing the structural optimization method of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to any one of claims 1-6;
and the processor is connected with the memory and is used for calling and executing the computer software program.
8. The apparatus for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel composite solid wound core distribution transformer of claim 7, wherein the processor comprises:
the wound core structure determining module is used for determining the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core; the structure is characterized in that the inner layer is made of silicon steel material, and the outer layer is made of amorphous material;
the structural parameter determining module is used for determining structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer according to the structure of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core;
the optimization model building module is used for building a structural optimization model of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer by taking the structural parameters as optimization variables;
and the optimization module is used for solving the structural optimization model by taking the minimum no-load loss and the minimum A weight calculating sound pressure level as optimization targets and adopting a multi-target optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal structural parameters of the amorphous-silicon steel combined three-dimensional wound core distribution transformer.
9. The apparatus for optimizing the structure of an amorphous-silicon steel composite solid wound core distribution transformer of claim 7, wherein the memory is a computer readable storage medium.
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