CN116540128A - Detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity - Google Patents
Detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN116540128A CN116540128A CN202310509733.7A CN202310509733A CN116540128A CN 116540128 A CN116540128 A CN 116540128A CN 202310509733 A CN202310509733 A CN 202310509733A CN 116540128 A CN116540128 A CN 116540128A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity, which comprises the following steps: s1: performing capacity constant volume test on the fresh battery by setting multiplying power, and determining the constant volume capacity of the battery; s2: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cyclic pretreatment under the conditions of set temperature and multiplying power, and the battery electricity after pretreatment is discharged; s3: carrying out constant-current charging on the battery subjected to pretreatment under the set temperature and the set charging multiplying power until the battery reaches the set state of charge, and then placing the battery for a set time; then, constant-current charging and placing are repeatedly carried out under the set multiplying power until the voltage reaches the upper limit voltage; s4: recording the voltage drop of the battery in each rest time, and drawing a relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge; s5: and according to the inflection point in the relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge, the upper limit value of the quick charge of the battery under the set condition is set. The method can detect whether the battery core has the problem of lithium precipitation of the battery core on the premise of not damaging the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging strategies, in particular to a detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity.
Background
The current lithium ion battery has the characteristics of excellent power performance, long service life and the like due to high energy density, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C products, electric vehicles and the like. Along with the higher requirement of people on the charging time of the lithium ion battery, the battery core updating iteration speed of the lithium ion battery is higher, and the charging multiplying power of small current cannot meet the charging requirement of fast rhythm, so the development and application of large-multiplying power charging are more challenging continuously, but the problem that lithium precipitation is very easy to generate when the large-multiplying power charging is carried out on products is caused. In the charging process of the lithium ion battery, lithium ions can be released from the positive electrode and intercalated into the negative electrode. However, in the case of high-rate charge and some abnormal conditions, lithium ions released from the positive electrode cannot be inserted into the negative electrode, and the lithium ions which cannot be inserted form a deposit on the surface of the battery, thereby forming a gray substance, which is a phenomenon of lithium precipitation. Lithium precipitation is a loss condition of lithium ion batteries. After lithium is separated out from the lithium ion battery, the service life of the lithium ion battery can be accelerated and attenuated, and the lithium ion battery is also safe in continuous use. Therefore, it is particularly important to detect the lithium precipitation condition of the lithium ion battery.
In terms of formulation of a quick charging strategy, battery cell disassembly is the most effective method, but is also the most complicated method, because the determination of how much charge state different battery cells can charge under what multiplying power is needed, the disassembly cannot effectively judge the lithium precipitation condition of each stage of the battery cells in the step charging process. The three-electrode battery core is also prepared, so that the battery core is damaged to a certain extent, a polarization phenomenon can be formed by high-rate charging, the overpotential is obvious, the irregularity can be circulated, and the test result is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a detection method for rapidly judging the battery charging capability.
The invention provides a detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity, which comprises the following steps:
s1: performing capacity constant volume test on the fresh battery by setting multiplying power, and determining the constant volume capacity of the battery;
s2: setting temperature and multiplying power conditions, carrying out charge-discharge cyclic pretreatment on the battery, and carrying out discharging on the electric quantity of the battery after pretreatment;
s3: carrying out constant-current charging on the battery subjected to pretreatment to a set state of charge (SOC) at a set temperature and a set charging rate, and then placing the battery for a set time; then, constant-current charging and placing are repeatedly carried out under the set multiplying power until the voltage reaches the upper limit voltage;
s4: recording the voltage drop of the battery in each rest time, calculating the resistance R of the corresponding state of charge (SOC) under the multiplying power current, and drawing a relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge (SOC);
s5: and according to the inflection point in the relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge, the upper limit value of the quick charge of the battery under the set condition is set. Specifically, the quick charge capacity of the battery under the set condition is judged according to the R value dip point in the curve, a quick charge strategy is formulated, and the battery is disassembled and verified.
Further, the charging current for performing the capacity-to-volume test on the fresh battery is the battery capacity (C 0 ) Is performed at a magnification of 0.3 to 0.5.
Further, the discharging current for performing capacity constant volume test on the fresh battery is the battery capacity C 0 Is carried out at a ratio of 1 to obtain a constant volume capacity of C 1 The charge-discharge current of the pretreatment battery in step S3 is 0.1C 1 To 0.3C 1 。
Further, the battery temperature of the battery is pre-treated in step S1 to be between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃.
Further, the number of weeks of the charge-discharge cycle pretreatment in step S2 is at least 5 weeks.
Further, the temperature in the test process is set to be between-20 ℃ and 45 ℃ in the step S3.
Further, the multiplying power in the set test process is 0.33C 1 To 10C 1 Between them.
Further, the calculation formula of the resistance R in step S4 is as follows: r= (V1-V2)/I; wherein: v1 is the voltage before rest; v2 is the voltage after rest; i is the test current.
Further, in step S3, the recording time interval of the open circuit voltage is 3S or less.
Further, the set SOC is between 0% and 100%, and the set SOC interval is 1% SOC.
According to the detection method for rapidly judging the battery charging capability, the battery core is not required to be disassembled, the three-electrode battery core is not required to be prepared, and the problem of battery core lithium precipitation can be detected on the premise of not damaging the battery. The method for detecting the lithium precipitation of the battery cell by the R-SOC is applicable to all graphite cathodes and lithium ion battery systems mixed with graphite, can evaluate the lithium precipitation windows of the battery cell under different multiplying powers and different temperatures, is applicable to the charging capacities of the battery cell under different multiplying powers in the initial stage of the battery cell test, and can effectively judge the battery cell performance to formulate a quick charging strategy.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fast charge capacity determination operation flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge negative electrode after the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 1 of the present invention is disassembled;
FIG. 4 is an empty negative electrode interface diagram of the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 2 according to the present invention after disassembly;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge anode after disassembly before the inflection point of the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge anode after the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is disassembled after inflection points in test example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an empty negative electrode interface diagram of the soft package of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 3 according to the present invention after disassembly;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge anode after disassembly before the inflection point of the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge anode after the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is disassembled after inflection points in test example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an empty negative electrode interface diagram of the soft package of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 4 according to the present invention after disassembly;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge anode after disassembly before the inflection point of the soft package of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide in test example 4;
fig. 12 is a graph showing the interface of the full-charge negative electrode after the soft package of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide is disassembled after the inflection point in test example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar symbols indicate like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The detection method for rapidly judging the battery charging capability of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
and S1, performing capacity constant volume test on the fresh battery by setting multiplying power, and determining the rated capacity of the battery core. In this embodiment, the set condition means that the charging magnification is 0.3C 0 To 0.5C 0 Setting discharge magnification to 1C 0 。
In this embodiment, the number of charge-discharge cycles of the first pretreatment is preferably 5.
And S2, carrying out charge-discharge cyclic pretreatment on the battery under the conditions of set temperature and multiplying power, and carrying out emptying treatment on the battery electric quantity after pretreatment.
In step S2, the temperature of the battery and the charge-discharge current of the charge-discharge cycle are determined according to actual needs, and the specific set values should not be used as limitations of the present invention. In the examples of the present application, the preset temperature is preferably set at any one of the temperatures ranging from 25℃to 35℃and the charge/discharge rate is preferably set at 0.1C 1 To 0.3C 1 Any multiplying power is used.
Step S3, carrying out constant-current charging on the battery to a set state of charge (SOC) at a set temperature and a set charging rate, and then placing the battery for a set time; then, the constant current charging and resting steps are repeated at the set magnification until the voltage reaches the upper limit voltage.
In step S3, the temperature of the battery and the charge-discharge current of the charge-discharge cycle are determined according to actual needs, and the specific set values should not be used as limitations of the present invention. The set charging rate includes all charging rates included in the fast charge maximum charging rate and the rated charging rate. In the examples of the present application, the set temperature is preferably in any one of the temperature ranges from-20℃to 45℃and the charge/discharge rate is preferably set to 0.33C 1 To 10C 1 Any multiplying power in the middle.
In step S3, the time interval for recording the open circuit voltage is 3S or less.
In the embodiment of the present application, the set SOC is preferably any value in the interval of 0% to 100% at the normal temperature capacity of the battery.
And S4, recording the voltage drop of the battery in the set time under each step of SOC, calculating the resistance R of the corresponding SOC under the multiplying power current, and obtaining the relation between the resistance and the state of charge (SOC).
R= (V1-V2)/I; wherein: v1 is the voltage before rest; v2 is the voltage after rest; i is the test current.
And S5, judging the upper limit value of quick charge of the battery under the set condition according to the sudden drop point in the curve, formulating a charging strategy, and disassembling and verifying.
The inflection point in the R-SOC relationship curve refers to a change in which the curve suddenly shows a decrease in resistance at a certain SOC segment. In this embodiment, the set voltage is a charge cutoff voltage of the lithium ion battery. For example, the charge cut-off voltage of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery is 4.35V.
Test example 1
The test example provides a detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capacity, which comprises the following steps:
nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package with capacity of 9AhAt a preset test temperature of 25 ℃ at 0.5C 0 Performing capacity constant volume test on the preset charging multiplying power to obtain constant volume capacity C 1 ；
(2) At 25℃at 0.33C 1 Carrying out charge-discharge cyclic pretreatment on the battery for 5 weeks under the condition, and carrying out emptying on the electric quantity of the battery after pretreatment until the lower limit voltage is 2.8V;
(3) The pretreated cell was subjected to a temperature of 0.33C at 25 DEG C 1 Constant-current charging is carried out under multiplying power, charging current is disconnected when the electric quantity is increased by 1% of SOC, and then the charging current is kept stand for 3 seconds; then, the constant current charging and the resting are repeatedly carried out under the 3C1 multiplying power until the voltage reaches 4.35V.
(4) Recording the voltage drop of the battery in the set time under each step of SOC, calculating the resistance R of the corresponding SOC under the multiplying power current, and obtaining the relation between the resistance and the state of charge (SOC);
(5) And judging the quick charge capacity of the battery under the set condition according to the median dip point of the curve, formulating a quick charge strategy, and disassembling and verifying.
Test example 2
The difference between this test example and test example 1 is that: constant-current charging multiplying power of battery to be tested is 3C 1 The cells to be measured are parallel samples which are formed into components and subjected to consistency selection. The same contents as those of the test example 1 will not be described in detail.
Test example 3
The difference between this test example and test example 1 is that: constant-current charging multiplying power of battery to be tested is 4C 1 The battery to be tested is
And carrying out consistency selection on parallel samples after capacity division. The same contents as those of the test example 1 will not be described in detail.
Test example 4
The difference between this test example and test example 1 is that: constant-current charging multiplying power of battery to be tested is 6C 1 The cells to be measured are parallel samples which are formed into components and subjected to consistency selection. The same contents as those of the test example 1 will not be described in detail.
The test conditions and lithium analysis results of the inventive test examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table.
The nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery in test example 1 was charged at 25℃and a rate of 0.33C 1 The first change curve is obtained by testing under the condition shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the abscissa SOC is the state of charge, which is expressed in percentage, and the ordinate is the equivalent dc internal resistance in ohms. In the graph, no inflection point of sudden drop of the resistance value appears, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 1 is judged. The negative electrode interface diagram of the disassembled nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery in the test example 1 is shown in fig. 3, and it is proved that the nickel cobalt lithium manganate battery in the test example 1 has no lithium precipitation phenomenon and is consistent with the lithium precipitation condition result judged according to the R-SOC curve.
Test example 2 Nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft pack battery at 25℃and charging rate of 3C 1 The second change curve is obtained by testing under the condition shown in fig. 2. In the graph, the resistance value is suddenly reduced at 75% of the SOC, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery in the test example 2 is judged. The negative electrode interface diagram of the disassembled nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 2 is shown in fig. 4, which proves that the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 2 is consistent with the lithium precipitation condition result judged according to the R-SOC curve, and the 3C in the test example 2 is used for verifying the accuracy of the method 1 The multiplying power charges the battery at about 75% SOC, 70% SOC and 80% SOC, and then 0.33C 1 And charging to cut-off voltage at a small multiplying power. Disassembling the cell as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is 3C 1 Charge 70% soc, the battery does not evolve lithium, fig. 6 is 3C 1 The battery was severely lithium-evolving when charged at 80% soc.
Test example 3 Nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft pack battery at 25℃and charging rate of 4C 1 Is subjected to a test under the condition of (1),the third change curve is obtained as shown in fig. 2. In the graph, the resistance value is suddenly reduced at 64% of SOC, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery in the test example 3 under the SOC is judged. The negative electrode interface diagram of the disassembled nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 3 is shown in fig. 7, which proves that the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 3 is consistent with the lithium precipitation condition result judged according to the R-SOC curve, and in the same way, 4C in the test 3 is used for verifying the accuracy of the method 1 The battery was charged at a rate of about 64% soc, 59% soc and 69% soc, and then charged to a cut-off voltage with a small rate of 0.33C. Disassembling the cell as shown in fig. 8 and 9, fig. 8 is 3C 1 Charged with 70% SOC, the cell does not evolve lithium, FIG. 9 is 3C 1 The battery was severely lithium-evolving when charged at 80% soc.
Test example 4 Nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft pack battery cell at 25℃and charging rate of 6C 1 The fourth change curve is obtained by testing under the condition shown in fig. 2. In the graph, the resistance value is suddenly reduced at 53% of SOC, and the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft-pack battery in the test example 2 under the SOC is judged. The negative electrode interface diagram of the disassembled nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 4 is shown in fig. 10, which proves that the lithium precipitation phenomenon of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate soft package battery in the test example 4 is consistent with the lithium precipitation condition result judged according to the R-SOC curve, and in the same way, 6C in the test 4 is used for verifying the accuracy of the method 1 The multiplying power charges the battery at about 53% SOC, 48% SOC and 58% SOC, and then 0.33C 1 And charging to cut-off voltage at a small multiplying power. Disassembling the cells as shown in fig. 11 and 12, fig. 11 is 6C 1 Charge 48% SOC, the cell does not evolve lithium, FIG. 12 is 6C 1 The battery was severely lithium-evolving when charged with 58% soc.
The detection method for rapidly judging the battery charging capacity provided by the embodiment can accurately judge the battery charging capacity under different charging systems, and has a wide application range. The complex steps of disassembling the battery core and the like are avoided, and meanwhile, good technical support can be provided for further setting the quick charging step of the quick charging battery.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A detection method for rapidly judging battery charging capability is characterized in that,
s1: performing capacity constant volume test on the fresh battery by setting multiplying power, and determining the constant volume capacity of the battery;
s2: setting temperature and multiplying power conditions, carrying out charge-discharge cyclic pretreatment on the battery, and carrying out discharging on the electric quantity of the battery after pretreatment;
s3: carrying out constant-current charging on the battery subjected to pretreatment to a set state of charge (SOC) at a set temperature and a set charging rate, and then placing the battery for a set time; then, constant-current charging and placing are repeatedly carried out under the set multiplying power until the voltage reaches the upper limit voltage;
s4: recording the voltage drop of the battery in each rest time, calculating the resistance R of the corresponding state of charge (SOC) under the multiplying power current, and drawing a relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge (SOC);
s5: and according to the inflection point in the relation curve of the resistance and the state of charge, the upper limit value of the quick charge of the battery under the set condition is set.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the charging current for performing the capacity-to-volume test on the fresh battery in step S1 is the battery capacity (C 0 ) From 0.3 to 0.5 times of the total number of the components.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the charge/discharge cycle of the preconditioning cell in step S2 is not less than five weeks.
4. The method for rapidly determining battery charge capacity according to claim 1, wherein the battery pretreatment temperature in step S2 is 25 ℃ to 35 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set temperature in step S3 is-20 ℃ to 45 ℃.
6. The method for rapidly determining battery charge capacity according to claim 1, wherein the resistance R in step S4 is calculated by the formula: r= (V1-V2)/I; wherein: v1 is the voltage before rest; v2 is the voltage after rest; i is the test current.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge current for performing the capacity-to-volume test on the fresh battery is the battery capacity (C 0 ) Is carried out at a magnification of 1 time, and the constant volume capacity is marked as C 1 The charge-discharge current of the pretreatment battery in step S2 is 0.1C 1 To 0.3C 1 。
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharge current for performing the capacity-to-volume test on the fresh battery is the battery capacity (C 0 ) Is carried out at a magnification of 1 time, and the constant volume capacity is marked as C 1 In step S4, the charging rate is set to 0.33C 1 To 10C 1 Between them.
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