CN116520759A - Intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and Internet of things - Google Patents
Intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and Internet of things Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
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- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
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Abstract
An intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an internet of things box (wireless gateway), a data processing center server and an intelligent water management system display platform, wherein: the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is connected to the Internet of things box (wireless gateway), the Internet of things box (wireless gateway) is connected to the data processing center server, and the data processing center server is connected to the intelligent water management system display platform. The intelligent water supply system is based on the deep combination of the PLC system, the Internet and the cloud platform of the terminal, improves the automation level of the water supply system, provides decision basis for operation scheduling of the water supply system, helps the whole water supply system to realize optimal operation, ensures water supply quality, improves water supply efficiency, saves energy sources, reduces operation cost and improves benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water management system, in particular to an intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the Internet of things.
Background
Smart water affairs are becoming an important component of smart cities, and are gradually being integrated into the smart city development system, and the importance of the smart water affairs in the construction of smart cities is gradually increasing. With the continuous growth and development of urban water affair construction, the continuous improvement of urban water affair construction demands, the continuous promotion of the construction of various intelligent management systems and operation systems, the uneven application of traditional various intelligent system equipment, and the difficult intelligent demands of water affair multi-link business.
For example: A. the traditional water supply equipment has low automation level and no PLC. B. Some water supply equipment has PLC, but the automation degree is low and there is no box (wireless gateway) of the Internet of things, and data can not be transmitted to a remote monitoring center, and only the on-site maintenance personnel can be relied on to report. C. Some devices have PLCs, but because of the relatively large investment in remote monitoring systems, independent developers are reluctant to invest.
Therefore, there is a need to design an intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the Internet of things, which is characterized in that a PLC+Internet of things box is additionally arranged in terminal equipment, and site data is transmitted to an intelligent water management cloud platform through 4G wireless networking or network cable networking.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an internet of things box (wireless gateway), a data processing center server and an intelligent water management system display platform, wherein: the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is connected to the Internet of things box (wireless gateway), the Internet of things box (wireless gateway) is connected to the data processing center server, and the data processing center server is connected to the intelligent water management system display platform.
The invention also has the following additional technical characteristics:
the technical scheme of the invention is further specifically optimized: a programmable controller (PLC) controls the running state of the reading equipment by programming in the PLC, and simultaneously collects related data (such as pressure value, liquid level value, electric energy and the like) of the whole system.
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically optimized: the internet of things box (wireless gateway) reads the data in the PLC through bus communication with the PLC and forwards the data to the data processing center server.
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically optimized: the data processing center server analyzes and processes the read data through programming, so that various functions (such as data report, energy efficiency analysis, fault record, state display and the like) are realized. The data processing center server comprises a data storage forwarding module, a data processing management module, a signal acquisition management module, a short message module and a voice module.
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically optimized: the intelligent water management system display platform comprises a large screen projection, a remote monitoring platform, a PC client and a mobile client.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the intelligent water supply system is based on the deep combination of the PLC system, the Internet and the cloud platform of the terminal, improves the automation level of the water supply system, provides decision basis for operation scheduling of the water supply system, helps the whole water supply system to realize optimal operation, ensures water supply quality, improves water supply efficiency, saves energy sources, reduces operation cost and improves benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application development framework of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a load balancing and fault tolerant mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a data storage structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an internet of things box (wireless gateway), a data processing center server and an intelligent water management system display platform, wherein: the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is connected to the Internet of things box (wireless gateway), the Internet of things box (wireless gateway) is connected to the data processing center server, and the data processing center server is connected to the intelligent water management system display platform.
A programmable controller (PLC) controls the running state of the reading equipment by programming in the PLC, and simultaneously collects related data (such as pressure value, liquid level value, electric energy and the like) of the whole system.
The programmable controller (PLC) consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a memory, an input/output interface (I/O module), a communication interface and a power supply.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a control center of the PLC, the core of the PLC plays a role of a nerve center, and each set of PLC is provided with at least one CPU. The method receives and stores user programs and data entered from a programmer according to functions given by a PLC system program; check the status of the power, memory, I/O and alert timers and can diagnose syntax errors in the user program.
A memory storing system software; the user program memory is used for storing the PLC user program application; the data memory is used for storing intermediate states and information when the PLC program is executed, and is equivalent to the memory of the PC.
The input/output interface (I/O module) is the interface between the PLC and the electrical circuit, and is implemented through the input/output section (I/O). The I/O module integrates the I/O circuit of the PLC, the input register reflects the state of the input signal, and the output point reflects the outputLatching Device for preventing and treating cancerStatus of the device. The input module converts the electric signal intoDigital signalAnd entering a PLC system, and outputting the opposite modules. I/O is divided into a switching value input (DI), a switching value output (DO),analog quantityInput (AI), analog Output (AO), etc.
The main function of the communication interface is to realize data exchange (communication) between the PLC and the external device. The communication interface is in various forms, and the most basic standard serial interfaces comprise RS-232, RS-422/RS-485, network ports and the like.
The power supply of the PLC provides working power for the PLC circuit and plays an important role in the whole system. A good, reliable power supply system is the most basic guarantee for PLCs. The ac voltage fluctuates in the +10% (+15%) range and the PLC can be directly connected to the ac power grid without taking other measures. The power input types are: ac power (220 VAC), dc power (typically 220 VDC).
The control of a programmable controller (PLC) mainly includes: relay control, analog quantity control and communication control.
The relay control mode is suitable for a small-scale control system, simpler automatic control is realized on site, and the system is mainly controlled by adopting a relay hardware circuit. The advantages are that: the system is convenient to operate, has lower technical requirements on operators, is safe and reliable to operate, is convenient to maintain and has lower cost, and is a preferential choice for small-sized system users. Disadvantages: the control cabinet has limited expansibility according to the size of the control cabinet; the user cannot modify the system parameters conveniently or change the control output, and the alarm signal cannot be recorded and reserved.
Analog quantity control, which is to output corresponding digital signals by PLC operation, then to (D/A converter) model, and to control the executing mechanism such as frequency converter, heater and refrigerating equipment by voltage or current. The advantages are that: the control resolution (accuracy) can be improved by increasing the number of bits of the a/D conversion; compared with a hardware analog quantity control system, the PLC control analog quantity system has strong anti-interference capability. Disadvantages: due to sampling, the signal is at risk of distortion, and the sampling frequency needs to be adjusted; the sampling, quantization, processing, modeling and output of the PLC all need one process, the real-time performance of the system is not high, and the stability, the accuracy and the rapidity of the PLC control analog system are contradictory unification.
Communication control is realized by the communication function of the PLC and the equipment of a third party, and the main control modes currently comprise a modbus-rtu protocol modbus-tcp protocol and an S7 protocol. The advantages are that: the data acquisition speed is high, and the interference from the site is smaller. And meanwhile, the system has strong expansion capability and rich control protocols. Disadvantages: the technical requirements for users are high, and the users are the preference of medium and large customers.
The collection of the programmable controller (PLC) comprises: digital quantity acquisition, analog quantity acquisition, communication acquisition and pulse acquisition.
Digital quantity acquisition: physical quantities that are discrete in time and quantity are referred to as digital quantities. The PLC has rich digital quantity input interfaces, and can collect digital quantity signals on site, such as the closing state and the closing state of a switch. The suction state of the ac contactor, etc.
Analog quantity acquisition: physical quantities that are continuous in time or numerical are called analog quantities. Such as in-situ pressure sensors: when the pressure sensor receives external force, the pressure sensor generates corresponding deformation quantity so as to influence the output voltage. The Plc collects the analog quantity signal of the site through the analog quantity collection signal, the collected analog quantity signal is converted into a digital quantity signal through an analog-digital conversion unit in the PLC, and the slave station realizes data monitoring on the equipment of the site.
Pulse data acquisition:
in the field of industrial data acquisition and processing, sensors in the form of high-speed pulse signals such as flow, rotational speed, torque, etc. are often encountered. The sensor of the type has high accuracy and strong anti-interference capability, and is favored by technicians. The change of the field data is input into the PLC in a pulse form, and the PLC calculates the speed and the number of the pulses so as to realize the real-time acquisition function of the field data.
And (3) communication acquisition: communication is used as the most widely-used data acquisition function at present, and can realize the data acquisition function of various devices on site. For example, the most common mode of electric energy collection is to collect data through an electric energy meter and upload the data to the PLC through a 485 serial port, so that electric energy collection is realized. The most common communication protocol is modbus-rtu communication, where the slave station device puts its own data into a designated data storage area, and then reads the corresponding address according to the standard modbus protocol. The data needed inside the device can be collected.
The working principle and the operation mode of the PLC are described in detail:
the PLC controller refers to a programmable logic controller (PLC for short), is a digital electronic device with a microprocessor, is used for automatic control, and can load control instructions into a memory at any time for storage and execution. The PLC controller is widely applied to the field of industrial control.
Working principle of PLC controller
Scanning technique
When the PLC is put into operation, the working process of the PLC is generally divided into three stages, namely three stages of input sampling, user program execution and output refreshing. The completion of the three phases is referred to as a scan cycle. The three phases are repeatedly executed by the CPU of the PLC at a certain scanning speed during the whole operation period.
1. Input sampling stage in input sampling stage
The PLC reads in all input states and data in turn in a scanning fashion and stores them in corresponding cells in the I/O mapping zone. After the input sampling is finished, the user program execution and output refreshing stage is shifted. In both phases, the state and data of the corresponding cells in the I/O mapping zone do not change even if the input state and data change. Thus, if the input is a pulse signal, the width of the pulse signal must be greater than one scan period to ensure that the input is read in any case.
2. User program execution phase
In the user program execution phase, the PLC always scans the user programs (ladder diagrams) sequentially in top-down order. When each ladder diagram is scanned, the control circuit formed by each contact on the left side of the ladder diagram is always scanned, logic operation is carried out on the control circuit formed by the contacts in the order of left and right, top and bottom, and then the state of the corresponding bit of the logic coil in the storage area of the system RAM is refreshed according to the result of the logic operation; or refreshing the state of the corresponding bit of the output coil in the I/O mapping area; or whether a particular functional instruction specified by the ladder diagram is to be executed.
That is, during the execution of the user program, only the state and data of the input points in the I/O mapping area will not change, while the state and data of other output points and soft devices in the I/O mapping area or the system RAM memory area may change, and the upper ladder diagram, the program execution result will act on the lower ladder diagram that uses these coils or data; instead, the lower ladder diagram, whose refreshed logic coil states or data can only be acted upon by the program above it until the next scan cycle.
The I/O points may be accessed directly during program execution if immediate I/O instructions are used. Even if an I/O instruction is used, the value of the input process image register is not updated, the program directly takes the value from the I/O module, and the output process image register is immediately updated, which is somewhat different from the immediate input.
3. Output refresh stage
When the scanning user program is finished, the PLC enters an output refreshing stage. During this period, the CPU refreshes all the output latch circuits according to the corresponding states and data in the I/O mapping zone, and drives the corresponding peripheral devices through the output circuits. At this time, it is the true output of the PLC.
Operation mode of PLC controller
Although the ladder program used by the PLC often uses a plurality of names such as relays, timers, and counters, the PLC does not physically have these hardware, but uses a memory and programming mode to make logic control editing, and uses an output element to connect with an external mechanical device for physical control. Therefore, the hardware space required by the controller can be greatly reduced. In practice, the PLC executes the ladder program by scanning the ladder program code into the CPU and executing the control operation. The whole scanning process comprises three steps, namely, input state checking, program execution and output state updating, wherein the steps are as follows:
step one "input status check": the PLC first checks the status of each point switch or sensor (1 or 0 represents on or off) connected to the input device and writes the status into the corresponding location Xn in the memory.
Step two "" program execution "": the step diagram program is fetched into the CPU line by line for operation, if the contact state is needed to be input in the program execution, the CPU is directly inquired and fetched from the memory. The operation result of the output coil is stored in the corresponding position in the memory, and is not reacted to the output terminal Yn.
Step three "output status update": the output status in the second step is updated to the PLC output point, and the first step is repeated. These three steps are called the scan cycle of the PLC, and the time required for completion is called the reaction time of the PLC, and if the time of the PLC input signal is less than this reaction time, there is a possibility of misreading. The output and input status is updated once after each program execution and before the next program execution, so this operation mode is called as the output/input end "" program end regeneration "".
The internet of things box (wireless gateway) reads the data in the PLC through bus communication with the PLC and forwards the data to the data processing center server.
The structure of the box (wireless gateway) of the Internet of things comprises a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a memory, an I/O interface and a power supply.
1. A Central Processing Unit (CPU); the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a control center of the Internet of things box, and the core of the Internet of things box plays a role of a nerve center. The method comprises the steps of receiving and storing user data accessed from an I/O interface according to functions endowed by an Internet of things box system program; the status of the power supply, memory, I/O interface is checked and operational errors in the system program can be diagnosed.
2. A memory; a memory storing system software; the data memory is used for storing intermediate states and information when the box program of the Internet of things is executed, and is equivalent to the memory of the PC.
3. An I/O interface; comprises an I/O module and a communication module. The I/O module integrates an I/O circuit of the box of the Internet of things, an input register reflects the state of an input signal, and an output point reflects outputLatch deviceStatus of the device. The input module converts the electric signal intoNumber of digits Word signalAnd entering an Internet of things box system, and outputting the opposite modules. The I/O module is divided into a switching value input (DI) and a switching value output (DO). The communication module comprises an Ethernet interface, a 4G interface, an RS485 interface and the like, and is mainly used for realizing data exchange (communication) between the box of the Internet of things and external equipment. The communication interface is in various forms, and the most basic standard serial interfaces comprise RS-232, RS-422/RS-485, network ports and the like.
4. A power supply; the box circuit of the Internet of things is provided with a working power supply, and plays an important role in the whole system. A good and reliable power supply system is the most basic guarantee of the box of the Internet of things. The alternating voltage fluctuation is in the range of +10% (+15%) and the box of the internet of things can be directly connected to the alternating current network without taking other measures. The power input types are: ac power (220 VAC), dc power (24 VDC in common).
The Internet of things box is internally provided with multiple PLC protocols, and supports common PLC protocols in the market, such as Siemens, mitsubishi, ohmos, schneider and the like, and PLC data are acquired in real time through serial ports or network ports
The embedded edge computing function of the gateway of the Internet of things can be edited through lua scripts, data can be uploaded to a client-specified server through http protocol and mqtt protocol, and the conventional Airy, hua Cheng, tian Yi and Amazon can all
The data processing center server analyzes and processes the read data through programming, so that various functions (such as data report, energy efficiency analysis, fault record, state display and the like) are realized. The data processing center server comprises a data storage forwarding module, a data processing management module, a signal acquisition management module, a short message module and a voice module.
The intelligent water management system display platform comprises a large screen projection, a remote monitoring platform, a PC client and a mobile client.
System architecture description of intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and internet of things.
The system architecture is shown in fig. 2: device layer: operating parameters of the field user unit device; network layer: providing a data transmission link; platform layer: providing various application services of a cloud end and a client; application layer: various functional modules are provided for users to display, analyze, count and operate the data.
The system platform is an integrated system platform for summarizing advanced experience of similar products at home and abroad on the basis of the technology and development trend of the current enterprise operation management, and adopts new generation comprehensive monitoring and management functions developed by advanced technologies such as Internet of things (IOT, the Internet ofthings), mobile Computing, cloud Computing (Cloud Computing), video monitoring and visualization. The platform mainly takes depth calculation, statistics and analysis of the completed data as main components, and integrates comprehensive service information such as equipment monitoring, planning tasks, fault diagnosis and the like; the GPS/GIS-based rapid positioning function and the like are added, and the visual identification of data information, cloud storage, cloud release, cloud application and the like of the data are realized.
The Java programming language and Spring Cloud micro-service framework technology are adopted for development.
Java is a common standard of the Web-based software industry, is independent of an operating system and independent of the cross-platform property of a server, so that the Java is written once and runs everywhere, and is a programming language which is most suitable for running software on the Internet. Java is a complete programming capability that can develop applications with powerful "business logic" versus scripting languages that are embedded in HTML and limited in programming capability for user side displays.
The use of Java-related technology in conjunction with advanced development and management tools is performed entirely throughout the software development lifecycle.
The technology of the application development framework mainly comprises the following steps: front end page display technology: web socket, ajax, jQuery, etc.; background business logic technology: spring MVC, http Client, mybatis, log4j, redis, etc.; the application development framework is shown in fig. 3.
1) View layer: when the platform is accessed, local refreshing of the page is realized through Ajax, and high-frequency receiving and transmitting of the data stream are realized through a Web socket technology. The App and the applet realize real-time monitoring of data through an http interface and a Web socket interface.
2) Gateway layer: and forwarding the request of the front end by routing, and forwarding the request to a corresponding micro-service module according to the currently deployed micro-service and load balancing algorithm.
3) Controller layer: the micro service module is responsible for receiving user requests from the front end and performing service scheduling.
4) Service layer: the micro service module is responsible for specific business logic processing, transaction processing and the like.
5) Data layer: and is responsible for the read-write operation of database data.
The platform adopts a Spring Cloud micro-service architecture, and the components include but are not limited to the following:
spring Cloud Eureka, spring CloudHystrix, spring CloudZuul, spring Cloud Config, nminx have well-established solutions for service discovery registration, configuration centers, message buses, load balancing, circuit breakers, data monitoring, etc.
As shown in fig. 4, the micro service framework supports the lateral expansion of the modules, and the node auto discovery capability and the load balancing algorithm of the modules uniformly distribute the user requests to the modules. When the input load of the service is rapidly increased, effective measures are needed to fuse the load in order to avoid the service from being crushed, thereby playing a role in protecting the whole system.
As shown in fig. 5, the data is classified, parsed and forwarded through the distributed message queue, so that high-performance real-time data storage, data calculation and historical data persistence storage are realized. The real-time storage adopts Redis high-efficiency cache, is one of the fastest real-time databases on the market, and can read and write data up to 10 ten thousand times per second. The history database is deeply modified by I department aiming at MySql, a high-performance NoSQL technology and a data multi-stage coding compression technology are introduced, the index processing mechanism of the traditional MySql is optimized, the concurrence read-write capability and the oversized data set storage capability of data are greatly improved, the second-level read-write response of 10 hundred million records is supported, and the following requirements are perfectly realized in the above manner:
1) Splitting the database, and separating the production database from the query database;
2) The database expansion capability is improved through a read-write separation technology;
3) And an efficient network file sharing strategy is adopted, and a picture server is adopted to realize the picture storage of the page.
The intelligent water supply system is based on the deep combination of the PLC system, the Internet and the cloud platform of the terminal, improves the automation level of the water supply system, provides decision basis for operation scheduling of the water supply system, helps the whole water supply system to realize optimal operation, ensures water supply quality, improves water supply efficiency, saves energy sources, reduces operation cost and improves benefit.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things is characterized by comprising a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), an internet of things box (wireless gateway), a data processing center server and an intelligent water management system display platform, wherein: the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is connected to the Internet of things box (wireless gateway), the Internet of things box (wireless gateway) is connected to the data processing center server, and the data processing center server is connected to the intelligent water management system display platform.
2. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the programmable controller (PLC) consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a memory, an input/output interface (I/O module), a communication interface and a power supply; the control of the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) comprises relay control, analog quantity control and communication control; the collection of the programmable controller (PLC) comprises: digital quantity acquisition, analog quantity acquisition, communication acquisition and pulse acquisition; a programmable controller (PLC) controls the running state of the reading equipment by programming in the PLC, and simultaneously collects related data of the whole system.
3. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the structure of the box (wireless gateway) of the Internet of things comprises a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a memory, an I/O interface and a power supply; the internet of things box (wireless gateway) is communicated with the PLC through a bus, multiple PLC protocols are built in the internet of things box, the common PLC protocols in the market are supported, PLC data are obtained in real time through a serial port or a network port, the built-in edge computing function of the internet of things box is edited through a lua script, and the data are uploaded to a client-designated server through an http protocol or an mqtt protocol and forwarded to a data processing center server.
4. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the data processing center server comprises a data storage forwarding module, a data processing management module, a signal acquisition management module, a short message module and a voice module; the data processing center server analyzes and processes the read data through programming, so that various functions are realized.
5. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the intelligent water management system display platform comprises a large screen projection, a remote monitoring platform, a PC client and a mobile client.
6. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: when the PLC is put into operation, the working process of the PLC is generally divided into three stages, namely three stages of input sampling, user program execution and output refreshing; completing the three phases is called a scanning period; the three phases are repeatedly executed by the CPU of the PLC at a certain scanning speed during the whole operation period.
7. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things of claim 6, wherein: input sampling phase in input sampling phase: the PLC reads in all input states and data in turn in a scanning mode and stores the input states and the data into corresponding obtaining units in the I/O mapping area; after the input sampling is finished, the user program executing and output refreshing stage is shifted; in the two stages, the input state and data change, the state and data of the corresponding units in the I/O mapping zone also change, and the corresponding output results also change, namely, different input states correspond to different output states; therefore, a filtering process is required, and if the input is a pulse signal, the width of the pulse signal must be greater than one scan period to ensure that the input can be read in any case.
8. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things of claim 6, wherein: user program execution phase: in the user program execution stage, the PLC always scans the user programs (ladder diagram) sequentially from top to bottom; when each ladder diagram is scanned, the control circuit formed by each contact on the left side of the ladder diagram is always scanned, logic operation is carried out on the control circuit formed by the contacts in the order of left and right, top and bottom, and then the state of the corresponding bit of the logic coil in the storage area of the system RAM is refreshed according to the result of the logic operation; or refreshing the state of the corresponding bit of the output coil in the I/O mapping area; or determining whether to execute a special function instruction specified by the ladder;
that is, during the execution of the user program, only the state and data of the input points in the I/O mapping area will not change, while the state and data of other output points and soft devices in the I/O mapping area or the system RAM memory area may change, and the upper ladder diagram, the program execution result will act on the lower ladder diagram that uses these coils or data; instead, the lower ladder diagram, whose refreshed logic coil states or data can only be acted upon by the program above it until the next scan cycle;
I/O points may be accessed directly during program execution if immediate I/O instructions are used; even if an I/O instruction is used, the value of the input process image register is not updated, the program directly takes the value from the I/O module, and the output process image register is immediately updated, which is somewhat different from the immediate input.
9. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things of claim 6, wherein: an output refreshing stage; after the scanning user program is finished, the PLC enters an output refreshing stage; during the period, the CPU refreshes all output latch circuits according to the corresponding states and data in the I/O mapping area, and drives corresponding peripheral equipment through the output circuits;
the PLC controller operates in the following manner:
logic control editing is performed by using a memory and a programming mode, and physical control is performed by connecting an output element with an external mechanical device; the PLC executes the ladder diagram program by scanning the ladder diagram program code into the CPU and executing the control operation; the whole scanning process comprises three steps, namely, input state checking, program execution and output state updating, wherein the steps are as follows:
step one "input status check": the PLC first checks the state of each point switch or sensor (1 or 0 represents on or off) connected with the input end element, and writes the state into the corresponding position Xn in the memory;
step two "" program execution "": the step diagram program is fetched into the CPU for operation line by line, if the contact state is required to be input in the program execution, the CPU directly inquires and fetches from the memory; the operation result of the output coil is stored in the corresponding position of the memory, and is not reacted to the output terminal Yn;
step three "output status update": updating the output status in the second step to the PLC output part contact, and returning to the first step; the three steps are called the scan cycle of the PLC, the time required for completing the operation is called the reaction time of the PLC, and if the time of inputting signals to the PLC is less than the reaction time, the possibility of misreading exists; the output and input status is updated once after each program execution and before the next program execution, so this operation mode is called as the output/input end "" program end regeneration "".
10. The intelligent water management system based on industrial automation and the internet of things according to claim 1, wherein: the system structure comprises: device layer: operating parameters of the field user unit device; network layer: providing a data transmission link; platform layer: providing various application services of a cloud end and a client; application layer: providing various functional modules for users to display, analyze, count and operate the data;
the application development framework includes:
1) View layer: when the platform is accessed, local refreshing of the page is realized through Ajax, and high-frequency receiving and transmitting of the data stream are realized through a Websocket technology; the App and the applet realize real-time monitoring of data through an http interface and a Websockett interface;
2) Gateway layer: the method comprises the steps of carrying out route forwarding on a request of a front end, and forwarding the request to a corresponding micro-service module according to a currently deployed micro-service and load balancing algorithm;
3) Controller layer: the micro service module is responsible for receiving a user request from the front end and carrying out service scheduling;
4) Service layer: the micro service module is responsible for specific business logic processing, transaction processing and the like;
5) Data layer: and is responsible for the read-write operation of database data.
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