CN116520618A - Photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and method - Google Patents

Photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116520618A
CN116520618A CN202310458606.9A CN202310458606A CN116520618A CN 116520618 A CN116520618 A CN 116520618A CN 202310458606 A CN202310458606 A CN 202310458606A CN 116520618 A CN116520618 A CN 116520618A
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digital
micro
optical
input
multimode interference
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李景熙
周绍林
陈志坚
李斌
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Bumingte Foshan Optoelectronic Technology Co ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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Bumingte Foshan Optoelectronic Technology Co ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F7/00—Optical analogue/digital converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/14—Mode converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
    • G02B6/2835—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29335—Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity
    • G02B6/29338—Loop resonators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29344—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by modal interference or beating, i.e. of transverse modes, e.g. zero-gap directional coupler, MMI
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/217—Multimode interference type

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a photon digital-to-analog converter integrated by photoelectricity and a method, wherein the photon digital-to-analog converter comprises: n multimode interference couplers, wherein the n multimode interference couplers are connected in series, and each multimode interference coupler is used for 50% of input light and 50% of light is split; n micro-ring optical switches, wherein the n micro-ring optical switches are matched with n multimode interference couplers, and each micro-ring optical switch is provided with a phase change modulation unit; the control module is used for controlling the phase change modulation unit on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signals so as to enable the phase change modulation unit to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state; and the output waveguide is used for receiving the optical signals coupled from each micro-ring optical switch, so as to sum the optical signals and realize digital-to-analog conversion from the digital electrical signals to the analog optical signals. The photon digital-to-analog converter reduces the complexity of the system, reduces the cost and improves the anti-interference capability. The invention can be widely applied to the technical field of integrated photons.

Description

Photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multi-disciplinary crossing front-edge research of integrated photonics, integrated optoelectronics, nano materials and the like, in particular to a photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and a method.
Background
In recent years, with the breakthrough of micro-nano processing technology, photon and photoelectron integration and other key technologies, a photon chip is coming into development opportunity. By virtue of the advantages of high bandwidth, high speed and low loss, the photonic chip has been developed into a potential subverted technology in the fields of optical computation, optical interconnection, optical communication and the like. However, in general, there still exists a local technical bottleneck for all-optical integrated application, for example, flexible and controllable all-optical switch is difficult to realize, photon storage units similar to microelectronic devices are realized, and in practical application, driving and controlling of photon chips still need to be realized by electronic chips. Thus, the "all-optical chip" is still in a conceptual state, and the current photonic chip should strictly be an optoelectronic integrated chip integrated with a photonic device and a photonic functional unit. Thus, a large number of conversion units for optical and electronic digital signals exist in the optoelectronic chip. Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) is therefore a critical component in integrated optoelectronic chips for digital communication and signal processing systems, and is essential in the fields of optical computing, optical communication, optical interconnection, etc.
In order to realize conversion from digital electric signals to analog optical signals, a scheme of micro-ring optical switch is often used, and a silicon-based micro-ring optical switch resonator (MR) has the advantages of ultra-low power consumption, high compactness, easiness in integration and the like, and is the most commonly used optical switch device. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional optical digital-to-analog converter is composed of a straight waveguide and N micro-ring optical switch unit arrays with different radii, and the N micro-ring optical switches respectively have a specific coupling waveLong lambda i An optical power of P/2 i The optical power of the input light of different wavelengths is set to the reference weights of different digital bits, similar to the reference weights in an electrical DAC. Thus, the optical power of the output port is the optical value after the input digital value conversion.
The method uses the wavelength division multiplexing technology, which is the most mature multiplexing technology developed at present, and utilizes the physical dimension of the frequency of an optical carrier, and by transmitting a plurality of optical signals with different wavelengths in a single waveguide, the optical signals with N different wavelengths are used, N different light sources are needed, the control of the power of the light sources is very strict, the wavelength light signals of the upper order are strictly 2 times of those of the lower order, and in practice, the noise of the power of the light sources of the high order wavelength light signals has a severe influence on the whole digital-analog conversion effect. Noise, processing errors, temperature drift and the like can have severe influence on digital-to-analog conversion, and in practical application, the conditions are too severe.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent, the invention aims to provide a photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and a method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an optoelectronically integrated photonic digital-to-analog converter comprising:
n multimode interference couplers are connected in series, and each multimode interference coupler is used for 50% of input light and 50% of light is split; it should be noted that, the serial connection mode refers to that a plurality of multimode interference couplers are connected in sequence, and an optical signal is transmitted to the next multimode interference coupler after passing through the previous multimode interference coupler;
n micro-ring optical switches, wherein the n micro-ring optical switches are matched with the n multimode interference couplers, and each micro-ring optical switch is provided with a phase change modulation unit;
the control module is used for controlling the phase change modulation units on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signals so as to enable the phase change modulation units to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state;
the output waveguide is used for receiving the optical signals coupled from each micro-ring optical switch, summing the optical signals and realizing digital-to-analog conversion from digital electrical signals to analog optical signals;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
Further, the multimode interference coupler is designed by adopting a 1X 2 beam splitter structure with one port input and two ports output;
let the power of the input light be P, the first multimode interference coupler splits the input light into powerOne of the two optical signals is input into a micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the first multimode interference coupler, and the other optical signal is input into the next multimode interference coupler;
the ith multimode interference coupler is used for decomposing the optical signal transmitted by the last multimode interference coupler into two beams with power of P/2 i One of the light signals is input to the micro-ring light switch corresponding to the ith multimode interference coupler, and the other light signal is input to the next multimode interference coupler.
Further, the multimode interference coupler comprises a per waveguide and a multimode interference zone;
the super waveguides are arranged on two sides of the multimode interference area and are used for inputting and outputting optical signals; wherein the input side is provided with one port, and the output side is provided with two ports;
the optical signals excite even-order modes in the multimode interference region, and the optical energy is led out of two beams of optical signals at the double-image position and transmitted to two waveguides at the output side of the super waveguide, so that equal-power beam splitting of the optical signals is realized.
Further, the waveguide structures of the micro-ring optical switch and the output waveguide are 400nm wide and 220nm thick. The radius of each micro-ring is the same, the radius of each micro-ring is 5 mu m, the clearance between each micro-ring and the straight waveguide of the output waveguide is 100nm, and the phase change modulation unit is arranged on each micro-ring.
Further, the phase change modulation unit is made of a phase change material.
Further, the phase change material is Sb 2 S 3 、Ge 2 Sb 2 Se 4 Te 1 Or Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 。
Further, the control module controls the phase change modulation unit to switch between the crystalline state and the amorphous state through a laser pulse or electric heating mode.
Further, the phase change material adopted by the phase change modulation unit is Sb 2 S 3 The width of the phase change material is 0.3 mu m, the length is 1 mu m, and the thickness is 20nm; sb can be adjusted by laser pulse or electric heating 2 S 3 Crystalline state (dielectric constant epsilon) c =3.3+0i) and amorphous state (dielectric constant ε c =2.7+0i), and finally, the effective refractive index of the waveguide is adjusted to shift the resonance wavelength, thereby realizing the switching function.
Further, the spacing Λ between two adjacent micro-ring optical switches satisfies the following relationship:
2γΛ＝q2π
where γ is the transmission constant of the waveguide, γ=2n/λ, λ is the wavelength of the light wave, n is the effective refractive index of the waveguide, and q is a positive integer.
The digital-to-analog conversion functional module utilizes a phase matching mechanism, the distance between adjacent rings of the micro-ring optical switch is Λ, the equation 2γΛ=q2pi is satisfied, namely, the distance between the adjacent rings is an integer multiple of the wavelength of input light, and the phase difference between the adjacent rings is equal to an integer multiple of 2pi, so that the optical phases of the last rings coupled to the output waveguide are the same, and then the optical phases are superimposed and output after constructive interference occurs. It should be noted that, here, adjacent micro-ring optical switches refer to two micro-ring optical switches that are adjacent in distance, such as: the micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the first multimode interference coupler and the micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the second multimode interference coupler are two adjacent micro-ring optical switches, and the micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the second multimode interference coupler and the micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the third multimode interference coupler are two adjacent micro-ring optical switches.
Further, the photon digital-to-analog converter comprises n electric digital signal input ports and 3 optical signal input and output ports;
the n electric digital signal input ports are matched with the n micro-ring optical switches and are used for inputting digital electric signals required to be converted;
the 3 optical signal Input/Output ports comprise an Input port Input, an Output port Output and an Output port LSB_output; the Input port is a light source Input port, and light wave signals consistent with the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring optical switch are Input; the Output port Output is used for outputting the optical analog signal after photon digital-to-analog conversion; the Output port LSB_output is the Output port of the last-stage multimode interference coupler.
Further, after the optical signals Output by the Output port LSB_output are subjected to the same loss of the crystalline micro-ring optical switch, the optical signals are the same as the light intensity of the lowest bit of the photon digital-analog converter, and are used as the analog reference Output signals of the lowest digital bit and used for outputting the calibration and quantification of the analog optical signals.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that:
a method of controlling an optoelectronically integrated photonic digital-to-analog converter comprising the steps of:
acquiring a digital electric signal required to be converted;
controlling the phase change modulation unit on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signal so as to enable the phase change modulation unit to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state;
and receiving the optical signals coupled from each micro-ring optical switch to sum the optical signals, and realizing digital-to-analog conversion from the digital electrical signals to the analog optical signals.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention uses multimode interference coupler to split light, thus generating light power of P/2 i Only one light source is needed, the light source with different wavelengths and the power of the light source is P/2 is not needed i A light source of the array; in addition, the present invention uses space division multiplexing techniques rather thanThe wavelength division multiplexing technology does not need to use light sources with different light source wavelengths. In general, the photon digital-to-analog converter reduces the complexity of the system, reduces the cost and improves the anti-interference capability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention or the related technical solutions in the prior art, and it should be understood that the drawings in the following description are only for convenience and clarity of describing some embodiments in the technical solutions of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without the need of inventive labor for those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional photonic digital-to-analog converter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a photonic digital-to-analog converter in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electric field distribution diagram of a multimode interference coupler in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of transmittance of an output analog optical signal before and after switching states of a micro-ring optical switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 2bit photon digital-to-analog converter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the analog light output of a 2bit photon digital to analog converter at various digital signal inputs in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of state transition of a 2bit photon digital-to-analog converter in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of state transition of an N-bit photon digital-to-analog converter in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a multimode interference coupler in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set for convenience of illustration only, and the order between the steps is not limited in any way, and the execution order of the steps in the embodiments may be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a number means one or more, a number means two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to not include the present number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Based on the prior art, the invention aims to introduce a space division multiplexing technology corresponding to space dimension, realizes the light splitting of an input optical signal in a space domain through a mode interference coupler and a micro-ring optical switch array, and finally outputs a multi-unit multiplexing analog optical signal through independent digital bit electric excitation active control.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a 2-bit single-channel optical input photon analog-to-digital converter, the structure of which is shown in fig. 5, and the 2-bit single-channel optical input photon analog-to-digital converter comprises two 50% split multimode interference couplers 14 and 15, two micro-ring optical switches 16 and 17, phase change modulation units 18 and 19 and an output waveguide 20.
As an alternative embodiment, see fig. 9, the multimode interference coupler (MMI unit for short) comprises a Taper waveguide 22, 24, 26 and a multimode interference region 23, which can be used as a1 x 2 beam splitter. The input light is input to the input side 22 of the super waveguide through the input waveguide 21, even-order modes are excited in the multimode interference region 23, light energy is respectively led out to the two waveguides 24 and 26 on the output side of the super waveguide at the double image position, equal power beam splitting of the optical signal is realized, and finally two optical signals are respectively output through the output waveguides 25 and 27.
Specifically, the shape of the waveguide was trapezoidal, with a thickness of 220nm and a length of 15. Mu.m, one side of the film has a width of 400nm and the other side has a width of 1.1 μm; on the output side, the distance between the two waveguides is 1.5 μm. The multimode zone had a width of 3 μm and a length of 7.75. Mu.m. The MMI unit designed in this way equally divides the light in the input waveguide into two beams of light of equal power and outputs the two beams of light in the output waveguide as shown in fig. 3, and fig. 3 is an electric field distribution diagram of the multimode interference region of the multimode interference coupler at 1550 wavelength.
As an alternative embodiment, the waveguide structure of the micro-ring optical switch and the output waveguide is 400nm wide and 220nm thick. The micro-ring of each micro-ring optical switch has the same radius, the micro-ring radius is 5 mu m, the gap between the ring and the straight waveguide is 100nm, the phase change modulation unit is arranged on the ring, and the adopted phase change material is Sb 2 S 3 The width of the phase change material is 0.3 mu m, the length is 1 mu m, and the thickness is 20nm; by laser pulses orElectric heating regulation of Sb 2 S 3 Crystalline state (dielectric constant epsilon) c =3.3+0i) and amorphous state (dielectric constant ε a =2.7+0i), and finally, the effective refractive index of the waveguide is adjusted to shift the resonance wavelength, thereby realizing the switching of the switch. As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 shows the transmittance output curve of the crystalline and amorphous Through ports at 1522 nm-1532 nm for the analog optical signal, when the phase change material Sb 2 S 3 When the phase state of the micro-ring resonator is crystalline, the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring resonator is 1528.59nm, and the transmittance of an output analog optical signal of the through port is 0.830106. When the phase change material Sb 2 S 3 When the phase state of the micro-ring resonator is amorphous, the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring resonator is blue shifted to 1527.12nm, and the transmittance of the output optical signal of the through port is 0.828645.
Optionally, 1527.12nm is selected as the working wavelength, when the phase change material Sb 2 S 3 When the phase state of (a) is amorphous, the transmittance of the through port is 0.828645, and the state is 'on'; when the phase change material Sb 2 S 3 When the phase state of (a) is crystalline, the transmittance of the through port is 0.0167447, and the state is "off".
As an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the photonic digital-to-analog converter uses the phase matching principle, the spacing between adjacent rings of the micro-ring optical switch is Λ, and the equation 2γΛ=q2pi is satisfied, that is, the spacing between adjacent rings is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the input light, the phase difference between adjacent rings is equal to an integer multiple of 2pi, so that the optical phases of each ring coupled to the output waveguide are the same finally, and then the optical phases are superimposed for output after constructive interference occurs.
In this embodiment, the multimode interference coupler splits the input light into power versionsOne beam is input into the micro-ring optical switch, the other beam is input into the next multimode interference coupler, and the next multimode interference coupler divides input light into power which is original +.>Is included in the two bundles of the bundle. Two multimode interference couplers MMI with 50% of light split, which split light with single wavelength into input power>And->And respectively input into the micro-ring optical switches 16 and 17, the optical power input into the micro-ring optical switches corresponds to the reference weight of the corresponding digital bit, and binary digital signals a1 and a0 are loaded on the phase-change micro-ring optical switches. When a is 1 a 0 When=11, the Output port outputs power of +.>When a is 1 a 0 When=10, the Output port outputs power ofWhen a is 1 a 0 When=01, the Output port outputs power of +.>When a is 1 a 0 When=00, the Output port outputs 0 power; fig. 7 illustrates the state transition relationship of a binary digital logic signal to an optical analog signal.
Specifically, fig. 6 shows the analog light output at each digital signal input for a 1527.12nm continuous wave light source with a light source of 5W. The bit state switching is completed, and the 2bit photon digital-to-analog converter can reach a stable state within 6 ns. The output power is about 0.123W when the digital signal is "0", about 0.779W when the digital signal is "01", about 1.814W when the digital signal is "10", and about 2.595W when the digital signal is "11". Normalized by the power at an output of the value 1, i.e., binary "01", the outputs of "00", "01", "10", "11" are 0.158, 1.000, 2.329, 3.331, respectively.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an N-bit single-channel optical input photon analog-to-digital converter, the structure of which is shown in figure 2, and the N-bit single-channel optical input photon analog-to-digital converter comprises a plurality of 50% split multimode interference coupler arrays 1-4, a plurality of micro-ring optical switches 5-8, a phase change modulation unit 9-12 and an output waveguide 13.
As an alternative embodiment, see fig. 9, the multimode interference coupler (MMI unit for short) comprises a Taper waveguide 22, 24, 26 and a multimode interference region 23, which can be used as a1 x 2 beam splitter. The input light is input to the input side 22 of the super waveguide through the input waveguide 21, even-order modes are excited in the multimode interference region 23, light energy is respectively led out to the two waveguides 24 and 26 on the output side of the super waveguide at the double image position, equal power beam splitting of the optical signal is realized, and finally two optical signals are respectively output through the output waveguides 25 and 27.
Specifically, the shape of the waveguide was trapezoidal, with a thickness of 220nm and a length of 15. Mu.m, one side of the film has a width of 400nm and the other side has a width of 1.1 μm; on the output side, the distance between the two waveguides is 1.5 μm. The multimode zone had a width of 3 μm and a length of 7.75. Mu.m. The MMI unit designed by the design uniformly divides light in the input waveguide into two beams of light with equal power and outputs the two beams of light in the output waveguide.
As an alternative embodiment, the waveguide structure of the micro-ring optical switch and the output waveguide is 400nm wide and 220nm thick. The micro-ring radius is 5 mu m, the gap between the ring and the straight waveguide is 100nm, the phase change modulation unit is arranged on the ring, and the adopted phase change material is Sb 2 S 3 The width of the phase change material is 0.3 mu m, the length is 1 mu m, and the thickness is 20nm; the crystalline state (dielectric constant ε) can be adjusted by laser pulse or electric heating c =3.3+0i) and amorphous state (dielectric constant ε a =2.7+0i), and finally, the effective refractive index of the waveguide is adjusted to shift the resonance wavelength, thereby realizing the switching of the switch.
Specifically, 1527.12nm is selected as the working wavelength, when the phase change material Sb 2 S 3 When the phase state of (a) is amorphous, the transmittance of the through port is 0.828645, and the state is 'on'; sb as phase change material 2 S 3 When the phase state is crystalline, the transmittance of the through port is 0.0167447, and the state is "off".
As an alternative implementation, referring to fig. 2, the photonic digital-to-analog converter uses the phase matching principle, the distance between adjacent rings of the micro-ring optical switch is Λ, and the equation 2γΛ=q2pi is satisfied, that is, the distance between adjacent rings is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the input light, the phase difference between adjacent rings is equal to an integer multiple of 2pi, so that the optical phases of each ring coupled to the output waveguide are the same finally, and then the optical phases are superimposed for output after constructive interference occurs.
As an alternative implementation manner, referring to fig. 2, the photon digital-analog converter has N electrical digital signal Input ports and 3 optical signal Input/Output ports, where the N electrical digital signal Input ports Input digital signals required to be converted, the optical signal Input/Output ports include an Input port and two Output ports, the Input port Input is a light source Input port, an optical wave signal consistent with the resonant wavelength of the micro-ring optical switch is Input, the Output port Output is an optical signal after photon digital-analog conversion, the Output port lsb_output is an Output port of the last stage multimode interference coupler, after the same loss of the crystalline micro-ring optical switch, the optical signal is the same as the light intensity of the lowest bit of the photon digital-analog converter, and the optical signal can be used as a reference Output signal of the lowest digital bit for outputting calibration and quantification of the analog optical signal.
In this embodiment, the multimode interference coupler (i.e., MMI) splits the input light into two beams with power of P/2, one beam is input to the micro-ring optical switch, the other beam is input to the next multimode interference coupler, and the next multimode interference coupler splits the input light into two beams with power of P/4, and so on. The light with single wavelength is separated into the original power P/2 respectively through a multimode interference coupler MMI array with 50 percent to 50 percent of light splitting i Inputting the N beams into micro-ring optical switches of corresponding bits, correspondingly to reference weights of different digital bits, loading digital signals on the phase-change micro-ring optical switches, and modulating optical signals of corresponding digital bits by the corresponding phase-change micro-ring optical switches to realize digital electronicsConversion of a signal to an optical analog signal. Fig. 8 shows the state conversion relationship between the digital input and the analog output of the digital-to-analog converter.
Example 3
The embodiment also provides a control method of the photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a digital electric signal required to be converted;
s2, controlling the phase change modulation units on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signals so as to enable the phase change modulation units to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state;
s3, receiving the optical signals coupled from the micro-ring optical switches to sum the optical signals, and realizing digital-to-analog conversion from the digital electrical signals to the analog optical signals.
The photon digital-to-analog converter has a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the photon digital-to-analog converter, so that the photon digital-to-analog converter has corresponding functions and beneficial effects.
In the foregoing description of the present specification, reference has been made to the terms "one embodiment/example", "another embodiment/example", "certain embodiments/examples", and the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications and substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An optoelectronically integrated photonic digital-to-analog converter comprising:
n multimode interference couplers are connected in series, and each multimode interference coupler is used for 50% of input light and 50% of light is split;
n micro-ring optical switches, wherein the n micro-ring optical switches are matched with the n multimode interference couplers, and each micro-ring optical switch is provided with a phase change modulation unit;
the control module is used for controlling the phase change modulation units on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signals so as to enable the phase change modulation units to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state;
the output waveguide is used for receiving the optical signals coupled from each micro-ring optical switch, summing the optical signals and realizing digital-to-analog conversion from digital electrical signals to analog optical signals;
wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
2. The optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter of claim 1 wherein said multimode interference coupler is designed with a one port input, two port output beam splitter configuration;
let the power of the input light be P, the first multimode interference coupler splits the input light into powerOne of the two optical signals is input into a micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the first multimode interference coupler, and the other optical signal is input into the next multimode interference coupler;
the ith multimode interference coupler is used for decomposing the optical signal transmitted by the last multimode interference coupler into two beams with power of P/2 i Is provided with a light source for emitting light,one beam of optical signals is input into a micro-ring optical switch corresponding to the ith multimode interference coupler, and the other beam of optical signals is input into the next multimode interference coupler.
3. An optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter as in claim 1 or 2 wherein said multimode interference coupler comprises a per waveguide and a multimode interference region;
the super waveguides are arranged on two sides of the multimode interference area and are used for inputting and outputting optical signals; wherein the input side is provided with one port, and the output side is provided with two ports;
the optical signals excite even-order modes in the multimode interference region, and the optical energy is led out of two beams of optical signals at the double-image position and transmitted to two waveguides at the output side of the super waveguide, so that equal-power beam splitting of the optical signals is realized.
4. The optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter of claim 1 wherein said phase change modulation unit is made of a phase change material, said phase change material being Sb 2 S 3 、Ge 2 Sb 2 Se 4 Te 1 Or Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 。
5. An optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter as in claim 1 or 4 wherein said control module controls the switching of the phase change modulation unit between crystalline and amorphous states by laser pulses or by electrical heating.
6. An optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter as in claim 1 wherein the micro-loops on n of said micro-loop optical switches are of the same radius.
7. An optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter according to claim 1 wherein the spacing Λ between two adjacent micro-ring optical switches satisfies the following relationship:
2γΛ＝q2π
where γ is the transmission constant of the waveguide and q is a positive integer.
8. An optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter according to claim 1 comprising n electrical digital signal input ports and 3 optical signal input output ports;
the n electric digital signal input ports are matched with the n micro-ring optical switches and are used for inputting digital electric signals required to be converted;
the 3 optical signal Input/Output ports comprise an Input port Input, an Output port Output and an Output port LSB_output; the Input port is a light source Input port, and light wave signals consistent with the resonance wavelength of the micro-ring optical switch are Input; the Output port Output is used for outputting the optical analog signal after photon digital-to-analog conversion; the Output port LSB_output is the Output port of the last-stage multimode interference coupler.
9. The integrated photonics digital-to-analog converter of claim 8 wherein the light signal from the Output port lsb_output is used as the lowest digital analog reference Output signal for outputting the calibrated quantity of analog light signal after the same loss of the crystalline micro-ring optical switch and the same light intensity as the lowest digital analog digital converter.
10. A method of controlling an optoelectronically integrated photon digital to analog converter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a digital electric signal required to be converted;
controlling the phase change modulation unit on each micro-ring optical switch according to the digital electric signal so as to enable the phase change modulation unit to be in a crystalline state or an amorphous state;
and receiving the optical signals coupled from each micro-ring optical switch to sum the optical signals, and realizing digital-to-analog conversion from the digital electrical signals to the analog optical signals.
CN202310458606.9A 2023-04-25 2023-04-25 Photoelectric integrated photon digital-to-analog converter and method Pending CN116520618A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117240368A (en) * 2023-11-16 2023-12-15 鹏城实验室 Optical domain spectrum synthesis system and optical domain spectrum synthesis method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117240368A (en) * 2023-11-16 2023-12-15 鹏城实验室 Optical domain spectrum synthesis system and optical domain spectrum synthesis method
CN117240368B (en) * 2023-11-16 2024-02-20 鹏城实验室 Optical domain spectrum synthesis system and optical domain spectrum synthesis method

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