CN116519655A - Foam in-situ generation and evaluation device and method suitable for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir - Google Patents
Foam in-situ generation and evaluation device and method suitable for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN116519655A CN116519655A CN202310734743.0A CN202310734743A CN116519655A CN 116519655 A CN116519655 A CN 116519655A CN 202310734743 A CN202310734743 A CN 202310734743A CN 116519655 A CN116519655 A CN 116519655A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/40—Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of foam flooding of ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, and particularly relates to a foam in-situ generation and evaluation device and method suitable for an ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir. The invention realizes the foam in-situ growth and evaluation by integrating the foam generation area and the observation area; through the arrangement of the pressure-resistant heat-preserving capillary tube, the gravity action evaluation of the foam and the evaluation of the form of the single foam are realized; simulating the real situation that the foaming agent solution is sheared by porous media in different types of stratum through the arrangement of blade holes on the stirring paddle blades; the cleaning of the inside of the device is realized through the openable upper cover. In addition, the invention realizes the test of gel foam breakthrough pressure through the foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for the ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foam flooding of ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs, and particularly relates to a foam in-situ generation and evaluation device and method suitable for an ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir.
Background
Petroleum is an irreproducible fossil energy source and is an indispensable strategic resource in the society today. In view of the great demands for petroleum resources today, how to increase the petroleum recovery has become an important topic in the development of oil and gas fields. Foam is a dispersion of gas in the form of small bubbles dispersed in a liquid. Because of the unique property of the foam itself for selectively plugging oil and water, the foam has excellent performance in plugging high permeability stratum, expanding fluid sweep volume and improving oil displacement efficiency, and foam flooding becomes one of important technical means for tertiary oil recovery.
The current demand for deep, ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs requires the application of foam flooding to such reservoirs. When the foam fluid is applied to the deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir development field of China, the conventional foam system is not suitable for the severe environment of ultra-high pressure, high temperature and high salt, and a new system design is needed. Using foam flooding techniques, it is desirable to test the performance of foam under formation conditions. The conventional foam evaluation device is used for evaluating the foam performance in an open environment under normal pressure, and the performance of the foam under stratum conditions cannot be objectively and effectively evaluated, so that the bottleneck of the conventional foam evaluation device applied to the evaluation of the oil reservoir conditions is caused, and a test device and a test method capable of simulating the similar application environment of the foam are needed.
In order to solve the problems, a device and a method for foaming at high temperature and high pressure are gradually formed, such as a foaming agent evaluation experimental device and a foaming agent evaluation experimental method proposed in Chinese patent CN102507879A, and the method is characterized in that high-pressure gas and the foaming agent are simultaneously input into a foaming system, and after foaming is completed, the high-pressure gas and the foaming agent are input into a foam performance evaluation system. And the foaming system and the foam performance evaluation system are simultaneously placed in a high-temperature oven, so that the evaluation of the foam performance under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition is simulated. However, the foaming agent evaluation experimental device needs to be transferred to an evaluation system for evaluation after the generation of the foam, and cannot realize in-situ evaluation. Meanwhile, the device needs two pressure systems to respectively control the pressure of the foaming system and the foam performance evaluation system, and the two systems need to be placed in a high-temperature oven to simulate high-temperature conditions, so that the heating area is increased, the structure of the device is complicated due to the arrangement of the high-temperature oven, and the device is not suitable for foam in-situ generation and evaluation of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.
Chinese patent CN111189978A proposes a device for shearing porous media flowing through a sand filling pipe to form foam, where gas and liquid are sheared at high speed by the porous media in the sand filling pipe to form foam, the shearing force of the foam in the porous media can be controlled by adjusting the injection rate, and finally the foaming state of the foam is directly observed by a high-pressure visual container. Although this method truly simulates the formation of foam from the high-speed shearing of porous media under sandstone formation conditions, it is more limited. In the application process, the sand filling pipe is fixed to limit the simulation of the sand filling pipe to other stratum types such as stratum fracture holes and cracks of the ultra-deep reservoir due to different forms of actual stratum, the foaming mode in the foam flooding process of the ultra-deep reservoir is a mode of alternately injecting or mixing and injecting gas and foaming agent into stratum porous media, and the gas and foaming agent are continuously stirred and foamed, and the device only has one mode of shearing the sand filling pipe porous media, so that the simulated stratum conditions are single. And when particles, gel or substances difficult to clean are added into the stable foam system, the particles, gel or substances difficult to clean are retained in the foam system in the process of flowing through the sand filling pipe, so that the visual container is invalid in observation, and the real situation is difficult to react. Therefore, in practical application, the requirement of the ultra-deep oil and gas reservoir stratum on various simulation conditions cannot be met. At present, a foam evaluation device for meeting different stratum conditions and different types of foams of an ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir stratum has not been mentioned.
In order to avoid the change of temperature and pressure caused by the need of transferring to an evaluation area after foam generation, chinese patent CN112098602A proposes a high-temperature and high-pressure foam evaluation device, wherein the foam generation area and the evaluation area are both arranged in a cavity, the device is inverted to transfer the foam to the evaluation area by utilizing gravity after foam generation, the temperature and the pressure are not changed during the process, and the problem of inaccurate foam evaluation caused by the conventional change of the temperature and the pressure of the transferred foam is avoided. The foam evaluation area of the device is provided with two groups of visual windows which are staggered up and down so as to observe the form and the volume of the foam in the process of foam half-life and liquid separation half-life, but the method is only suitable for conventional water-based foam, is difficult to observe an opaque foam system such as granular foam, gel foam and the like, and can only be flushed by injecting toluene, ethanol and the like through a liquid inlet due to the limitation of the device, so that the foam is difficult to thoroughly clean. And the increase of the visual window is difficult to avoid, the compressive strength of the device is reduced, and the ultra-high pressure required by the ultra-deep oil reservoir is difficult to meet.
The above-described device and method for evaluating foam performance only consider the provision of a macroscopic viewing window and observe the foam in the cavity by adding a light bulb to the side of the viewing window to understand the foam dynamics. However, the method only considers a part of light-permeable foam system, and only can observe the foam form near the visible window for the foam system with poor light-permeable added particles, gel and the like, and can not observe the foam dynamics in the middle part and the deep part, so that the evaluation of the foam is excessively unilateral and has misalignment.
The foam fluid has the characteristics of stable water meeting, defoaming when meeting oil and the like, is increasingly applied to oil field dewatering and oil increasing technologies in recent years, has different water contents in different oil reservoirs and even different water contents in different positions of the same oil reservoir, has different foam qualities due to different water contents of gas and foaming agent in stratum, and is divided into dry foam and wet foam according to the foam qualities. The physical properties such as elasticity and diffusion are different between the dry foam and the wet foam. However, the definition of these states is always very ambiguous, in order to simulate the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the current device has a small inner cavity volume and a fixed stirring paddle height, so that the experiment of different foam quality cannot be satisfied, and the evaluation of the foam generated by the actual stratum is inaccurate. Meanwhile, the gel foam profile control technology is an effective new way for improving the recovery ratio in the middle and later stages of heterogeneous oil reservoir development, and no device is provided at present for the experiment about the breakthrough pressure of gel foam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art on foam generation and performance evaluation of ultra-deep oil reservoirs, the invention provides a foam in-situ generation and evaluation device and method suitable for ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs, and the device and method can be used for observing the foam foaming process under the ultra-deep stratum condition and evaluating the foam dynamic performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for an ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir comprises a foam in-situ generation cylinder, an injection system, a foam instrument bracket and a microscopic visual system.
The foam in-situ generation cylinder comprises an openable upper cover, an in-situ generation cylinder main body and an openable lower cover;
the openable upper cover sequentially comprises a pressing plate, a visible window and an upper plug from top to bottom, the visible window is fixed between the pressing plate and the upper plug through bolts, and the visible window is provided with metering scales capable of metering the foam height; the openable upper cover is arranged on a flange at the upper part of the main body of the in-situ generation cylinder through bolts;
the setting of openable upper cover has realized the inside thorough washing of an in situ generation section of thick bamboo main part to can realize adding the repeated experiment of granule formula foam, gel foam.
The in-situ generation cylinder main body integrates a foaming area and an evaluation area, so that foam in-situ growth and evaluation are realized;
the openable lower cover comprises a magnetic stirring device and a lower plug; the magnetic stirring device is fixed on the central axis of the lower plug; the magnetic stirring device comprises a stirring paddle, wherein the height of the stirring paddle can be adjusted to adapt to foams with different volumes; the stirring paddles comprise stirring paddle blades, and the shearing condition of different stratum on the foaming agent solution can be simulated by changing the stirring paddle blades;
the foam meter support is connected with the foam in-situ generation cylinder through a turnover bearing and is used for providing support.
The injection system comprises a liquid inlet and an air inlet, wherein the liquid inlet and the air inlet are arranged on the lower plug and are communicated with the inside of the in-situ generation cylinder main body; the air inlet is arranged on the lower plug, so that gas scouring of gas to liquid in the foam in-situ generation cylinder can be realized, and the real condition that the foaming agent solution is scoured by gas in the stratum is simulated.
The microcosmic visual system comprises at least four pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillaries which are positioned at the middle and the bottom of the foam in-situ generation cylinder body and are connected with the inside of the in-situ generation cylinder body.
According to the invention, the length of the stirring paddle can be changed according to the liquid injection amount, and the included angle between the stirring paddle blades is 25-90 degrees.
The stirring paddle blades are provided with holes, and the real conditions that the foaming agent solution is sheared by porous media in different types of stratum are simulated through the holes with different numbers and forms.
Preferably, the fractured reservoir is simulated by a paddle blade with a strip-like hole, as shown in fig. 4; the pore type oil reservoir is simulated by a stirring paddle blade with a circular hole, as shown in fig. 6 and 7; the fracture-cavity reservoir was simulated by a paddle blade with a combination of strip-shaped, circular holes, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
for a permeability of 10X 10 -3 μm 2 ~100×10 -3 μm 2 Selecting stirring paddle blades with the circular hole mesh number of 1250-2500 meshes for simulation;
for permeabilities of greater than 1000 x 10 -3 μm 2 Selecting stirring paddle blades with the number of round holes of 200-425 meshes for simulation;
for a permeability of 100X 10 -3 μm 2 ~1000×10 -3 μm 2 And (3) selecting stirring paddle blades with the circular hole mesh number of 425-1250 meshes for simulation.
Preferably, the visual window is sealed by a radial sealing structure through a sealing ring; the lamp beads are arranged on the inner surface of the visual window, and the sealing ring is a temperature-resistant asbestos-free plate.
Preferably, the in-situ generation cylinder body is made of hastelloy material, and window glass on the visual window is a high-strength Wen Lanbao stone-resistant sheet.
Preferably, the inside diameter of the in-situ generation cylinder main body is 5-15 cm.
The pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tube has an inner diameter of 200-1000 μm and a length of 5-10 cm. The pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tube comprises a bolt interface, a pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube, a capillary tube steel jacket and a measuring hole; the capillary steel jacket covers the outer surface of the pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube, a measuring hole is reserved for observing foam forms, and the bolt interface is arranged at the inlet end of the pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary and used for connecting with the in-situ generation cylinder main body.
The foam in-situ generation cylinder is characterized in that the foam in-situ generation cylinder is provided with an upper flexible heating sleeve except a visible window, the outer part of the upper plug is wrapped with a lower flexible heating sleeve, and the joint of the upper plug and the in-situ generation cylinder is wrapped with a heat preservation sleeve.
The foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for the ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir can read the volume of the foam liquid through scales on the visual window. The lamp beads are arranged on the inner side of the visual window, and the foaming condition and the liquid level dynamic state of the foam can be clearly observed in real time in the stirring foaming process. For the addition of the particle type foam, a fluorescent tracer can be added on the particles, so that the distribution state of the particles in the foam is observed in real time in the stirring foaming process, and a better basis is provided for the foaming process and the foam stabilizing mechanism of the foam.
The invention also provides a method for evaluating the foam by adopting the foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for the ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Adjusting the height of the stirring paddle according to the volume of the injected foaming agent solution so that the foaming agent solution can permeate through the stirring paddle;
(2) Adding a foaming agent solution into the in-situ generation cylinder main body from the liquid inlet, adding gas into the in-situ generation cylinder main body from the gas inlet to reach the pressure of 10-90 MPa, and closing the liquid inlet and the gas inlet;
(3) Heating the foaming agent solution to 90-180 ℃ and then starting stirring;
(4) After the stirring is completed, the in-situ generation cylinder main body is horizontally arranged, the foam change is observed from the visual window, the initial foam volume V0 is recorded to be the foaming volume, when the bottom liquid is separated out to half, the recording time is the liquid separation half-life t1, and when the foam volume is reduced to half of the initial foam volume, the recording time is the foam half-life t2.
The conventional oil reservoir is applied to foam flooding, wherein foam is prepared on the ground or a wellhead in advance and is injected into the well, and for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs, because of long-distance well depths, the foam injection needs extremely large pumping pressure, and the requirement on the pumping pressure is very high, so that the situation is generally gas-liquid mixed injection. In order to simulate the actual injection process of gas-liquid mixed injection, the foam evaluation method provided by the invention has two foaming modes of stirring foaming and gas-filling foaming at the same time, so that the shearing flushing of gas in the gas-filling foaming simulation injection process is realized, and foam is generated while the pressure in a cavity is gradually increased; the shearing flow of the stirring foaming simulated foam in different stratum is realized. The foam evaluation method provided by the invention fully utilizes two foaming modes of stirring foaming and gas-filling foaming, is simple and convenient to operate, has good repeatability, and can accurately reflect the foaming capacity and the foam stability of the foaming agent solution.
In the stirring foaming process, the stirring speed can be controlled to be unchanged, and the stirring speed can be converted according to the flow rate of the stratum. The inflatable foaming is to inject gas into the in-situ generation cylinder main body through the air inlet synchronously while stirring and foaming, and the foaming effect is improved by utilizing the flow shearing of the gas.
The invention also provides two methods for testing the breaking pressure of the gel foam by adopting the foam in-situ generation and evaluation device applicable to the ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir, which are one of the following two methods:
the method comprises the following steps:
and respectively adding a polymer solution, a cross-linking agent, a foaming agent solution and gas into the in-situ generation cylinder main body through the liquid inlet and the air inlet, stirring and foaming, recording the pressure P1 at the moment, keeping the foam in-situ generation cylinder motionless after gel is formed, enabling the air inlet to be downward, externally connecting a pressure reducing valve at the air inlet, starting to release pressure, recording the pressure P2 at the moment when the gel foam in the in-situ generation cylinder main body breaks through, and obtaining the breaking pressure of the gel foam as delta P=P1-P2.
The second method is as follows:
and respectively adding a polymer solution, a cross-linking agent, a foaming agent solution and gas into the in-situ generation cylinder main body through the liquid inlet and the gas inlet, stirring and foaming, and recording the pressure P1 at the moment, after gel is formed, keeping the foam in-situ generation cylinder still, enabling the gas inlet to be downward, externally connecting a gas flowmeter to the gas inlet, improving the pressure through gas inlet, recording the pressure P2 at the moment when the gel foam in the in-situ generation cylinder main body breaks through, and wherein the breaking pressure of the gel foam is delta P=P2-P1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the bubble generation area is an observation area, so that not only can the foam form be observed in the liquid separation process, but also the foam generation form can be observed; the foam generation environment provided by the invention is more similar to the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the ultra-deep oil reservoir stratum;
2. the air inlet is arranged below the foam in-situ generation cylinder, so that the scouring of gas to a foaming agent solution in a real environment can be simulated; the shearing of foaming agent solution in different types of stratum in a real environment can be simulated by changing the stirring paddle blades; the mixing foaming and the inflating foaming act together to more accurately simulate the actual injection process of gas-liquid mixed injection;
3. the pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tube is arranged at the position of the foam in-situ generation cylinder, so that the problem that a conventional device can only observe the foam form near a visual window is solved, and meanwhile, the single foam form can be observed; because of the characteristic of small inner diameter of the pressure-resistant heat-preserving capillary tube, the flow condition in the stratum porous medium capillary tube can be more truly simulated; after the foam is generated, a transverse foam in-situ generation cylinder is needed, and in the process, the influence of gravity on the foam form can be evaluated through a pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tube; by replacing capillaries with different inner diameters, whether the added granular foam is blocked or bridged in the stratum with different permeability can be simulated and observed;
4. the invention creatively provides a method for testing the break-through pressure of the gel foam, and realizes the test of the break-through pressure of the gel foam;
5. according to the invention, the height of the stirring paddle can be adjusted according to the volume of the injected liquid and the volume of the inner cavity of the in-situ generation cylinder main body, so that the stirring part is always positioned in the middle of the foaming agent solution, and enough shearing force is provided to enable the foaming agent solution to foam smoothly; meanwhile, as the height of the stirring paddle is adjustable, the evaluation from wet foam to ultra-dry foam with the maximum of 95 percent can be satisfied;
6. the invention can thoroughly clean the inside of the device by opening the openable upper cover after pressure relief, and avoids the problem that the conventional device can only be flushed by injecting liquid, thereby being difficult to realize repeated experiments on the added granular foam and jelly foam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a foam in situ generation and evaluation apparatus suitable for use in ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure-resistant and heat-insulating capillary structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a paddle structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a paddle blade model for simulating an ultra-deep fractured reservoir;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model of a stirring paddle blade simulating an ultra-deep fracture-cave reservoir;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a paddle blade model for simulating a tight reservoir;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a paddle blade model for simulating a unconsolidated sandstone reservoir;
FIG. 8 is a graph of half-life of a stable foam of fly ash particles.
In the figure, 1 is a visual window; 2 is a pressing plate; 3 is a first screw nut; 4 is a screw hole; 5 is an upper plug; 6 is a combined sealing ring; 7 is a second screw nut; 8 is a heat preservation sleeve; 9 is a pressure-resistant heat-preserving capillary tube; 10 is a turnover bearing; 11 is an air inlet; 12 is a foam meter bracket; 13 is a magnetic stirring device; 14 is a liquid inlet; 15 is a lower plug; 16 is a lower flexible heating jacket; 17 is an in situ generation cartridge body; 18 is a flange; 19 is a lamp bead; 20 is an upper flexible heating jacket; 21 is a bolt interface; 22 is a pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube; 23 is a capillary steel jacket; 24 is a measuring hole; 25 stirring paddle blades; 26 vane holes.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments of the invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
The following examples were all tested using the following foam in situ generation and evaluation apparatus suitable for ultra deep hydrocarbon reservoirs.
A foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs as shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a foam in-situ generation cylinder, an injection system, a foam meter bracket 12 and a microscopic visual system;
the foam in-situ generation cylinder comprises an openable upper cover, an in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 and an openable lower cover;
the openable upper cover comprises a pressing plate 2, a visual window 1 and an upper plug 5, wherein window glass on the visual window 1 is a high-strength Wen Lanbao stone sheet, and the visual window 1 is provided with metering scales capable of metering foam height and lamp beads 19 arranged on the inner side of the visual window 1. The pressing plate 2 is fixedly connected with the screw hole 4 on the upper plug 5 through the first screw nut 3, the upper plug 5 is installed on the flange 18 on the upper part of the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 through the second screw nut 7, and a combined sealing ring 6 is arranged at the joint of the upper plug 5 and the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17.
The openable lower cover comprises a lower plug 15 and a magnetic stirring device 13, and the magnetic stirring device 13 is arranged on the central axis of the lower plug 15.
The magnetic stirring device 13 is provided with stirring paddles, each stirring paddle comprises stirring paddle blades 25, and each stirring paddle blade 25 is provided with blade holes 26 for simulating the real conditions of shearing porous media in different strata.
The pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tubes 9 are provided with 8 groups, are respectively arranged at the front, rear, left and right positions of the middle part and the bottom of the in-situ generation cylinder main body 1, and the pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tubes 9 are detachable.
The pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary 9 comprises a bolt interface 21, a pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube 22, a capillary steel jacket 23 and a measuring hole 24; the capillary steel jacket 23 covers the outer surface of the pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube 22, 2 measuring holes 24 are reserved for observing foam forms, and the bolt interface 21 is arranged at the inlet end of the pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary 9 and used for connecting the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17.
The injection system comprises an air inlet 11 and a liquid inlet 14, wherein the air inlet 11 and the liquid inlet 14 are arranged below a lower plug 15 and are communicated with the inner cavity of the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17.
The foam in-situ generation cylinder is connected with a foam instrument bracket 12 through a turnover bearing 10; the foam in-situ generation cylinder is characterized in that except for a visual window 1, an upper flexible heating sleeve 20 is wrapped outside an upper plug 5, a lower flexible heating sleeve 16 is wrapped outside an in-situ generation cylinder main body 17, and a heat preservation sleeve 8 is wrapped at the joint of the upper plug 5 and the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17.
The in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 is a hastelloy cylinder. The inner diameter of the foam in-situ generating cylinder main body 17 is 50mm. The pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary 9 has an inner diameter of 200 μm and a length of 5cm.
Experimental example 1
In the embodiment, 50mL of foaming agent is adopted, wherein the foaming agent is a fly ash particle-free dispersion liquid or a fly ash particle dispersion liquid with the mass fraction of 5%; the foaming agent also comprises 1.5wt% of dispersing agent polyacrylamide (the number average molecular weight is 500-1500 ten thousand), and 0.01wt% of tea saponin (CF-1) respectively, wherein the mass fraction of the dispersing agent polyacrylamide is 0.05wt% and the mass fraction of the tea saponin is 1.0 wt%; the rest components are deionized water.
The openable upper cover is first opened, the stirring paddle blades 25 are mounted on the magnetic stirring device 13, the openable upper cover is closed, and then vacuum is drawn through the air inlet 11. Adjusting the height of the stirring paddle according to the volume of the injected foaming agent solution to enable the foaming agent solution to permeate through the stirring paddle blades 25, then adding the foaming agent solution into the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 from the liquid inlet 14, adding air into the in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 from the air inlet 11 to reach the pressure of 80MPa, and closing the liquid inlet 14 and the air inlet 11; then, after the lower flexible heating sleeve 16 and the upper flexible heating sleeve 20 are used for heating to 90 ℃, the magnetic stirring device 13 is started to start stirring; setting stirring time to 7min, transversely arranging an in-situ generation cylinder main body 17 after stirring is completed, observing foam change from a visual window 1, recording an initial foam volume V0 which is the foaming volume, and recording the recording time which is the half-life time t1 of the liquid when the liquid at the bottom is separated out to half (namely, when the volume of the separated liquid is observed and calculated from the visual window 1 to be half of the volume of the solution added with the foaming agent initially), wherein the recording time is the half-life time t2 of the foam when the foam volume is reduced to half of the initial foam volume. The state of the foam under stirring by the stirring blade 25 is observed through the visual window 1 during the foam generation. After the experiment is completed, the openable upper cover is opened after the safe pressure release through the air inlet 11, the stirring paddle blade 25 is taken out for observation, and the bridging phenomenon of the fly ash particles occurs in the blade holes 26, so that the foam system can realize effective plugging in the stratum.
Wherein the aperture of the blade holes 26 on the stirring blade 25 is 25 μm, the mesh number is 500 mesh, and the simulated permeability of the conventional oil reservoir is 400×10 -3 μm 2 。
FIG. 8 shows the half-life of the foam in this example, and it can be seen from the graph that the half-life of the foam is optimal when the mass fraction of CF-1 is 0.5%, and the stability of the foam is significantly increased after the fly ash particles are added.
Experimental example 2
This example was used to test the gel foam burst pressure.
50mL of polymer solution, cross-linking agent and foaming agent solution are injected from a liquid inlet 14, nitrogen is injected from an air inlet 11 to raise the pressure to 10MPa, the temperature of a lower flexible heating sleeve 16 and an upper flexible heating sleeve 20 is set to 150 ℃, the stirring speed is 8000r/min, and the mixture is stirred for 3min and then is left stand. After the gel is formed, gas is injected into the cavity by externally connecting a gas flow meter to the gas inlet 11 until the gel foam breaks through, the pressure at the moment is recorded to be 15.74MPa, and the breaking pressure of the gel foam is 15.74-10=5.74 MPa.
Wherein the polymer solution consists of a polymerized monomer Acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS) and an initiator potassium persulfate (KPS); the cross-linking agent is N, N-Methylene Bisacrylamide (MBA); the foaming agent solution is Bentonite (BT), sodium humate (NaHA) and dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine.
Specifically, the specific dosage of the polymer monomer solution, the cross-linking agent and the foaming agent solution is as follows: 5.0wt% Acrylamide (AM), 10.0wt% Bentonite (BT), 0.15wt% potassium persulfate (KPS), 0.15wt% N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), 0.8wt% sodium humate (NaHA), 2.5wt% 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS), 0.1wt% dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (the remainder of the composition being deionized water).
The example used was a loose sandstone reservoir with a simulated permeability of 1000×10, with a blade hole 26 on the paddle blade 25 having a pore diameter of 73 μm and a mesh number of 200 mesh -3 μm 2 。
Claims (10)
1. The foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for the ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir is characterized by comprising a foam in-situ generation cylinder, an injection system, a foam instrument bracket and a microscopic visual system;
the foam in-situ generation cylinder comprises an openable upper cover, an in-situ generation cylinder main body and an openable lower cover; the openable upper cover is provided with a visual window which is provided with a metering scale capable of metering the foam height; the openable lower cover comprises a lower plug and a magnetic stirring device, wherein the magnetic stirring device comprises a stirring paddle, the stirring paddle comprises stirring paddle blades, and blade holes are formed in the stirring paddle blades;
the injection system comprises a liquid inlet and an air inlet, and the liquid inlet and the air inlet are both arranged on the lower plug;
the foam instrument bracket is connected with the foam in-situ generation cylinder through a turnover bearing;
the microscopic visual system comprises a pressure-resistant heat-preserving capillary tube which is at least arranged at the middle part and the bottom of the foam in-situ generation cylinder and is connected with the inside of the in-situ generation cylinder main body.
2. The foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic stirring device changes the height of the stirring paddle according to the liquid injection amount; the included angle between the stirring paddle blades is 25-90 degrees.
3. The foam in situ generation and evaluation device for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs of claim 1, wherein,
the pressure-resistant heat-insulating capillary tube comprises a pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube, a capillary tube steel jacket and a measuring hole; the capillary steel jacket covers the outer surface of the pressure-resistant heat-insulating glass tube, and a measuring hole is reserved for observing the foam shape;
the inner diameter of the capillary tube is 200-1000 mu m, and the length of the capillary tube is 5-10 cm.
4. The foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs according to claim 1, wherein simulation of different strata is realized by changing the mesh number and shape of the blade holes.
5. The foam in-situ generation and evaluation device for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs of claim 4,
simulating a fractured reservoir through blade holes in the shape of strip holes; the pore type oil reservoir is simulated through blade holes with circular holes; the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is simulated by blade holes combined by strip-shaped and round holes.
6. The foam in situ generation and evaluation device for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs of claim 5,
for a permeability of 10X 10 -3 μm 2 ~100×10 -3 μm 2 Selecting blade holes with the mesh number of 1250-2500 meshes for simulation;
for permeability of greater than1000×10 -3 μm 2 Selecting blade holes with the number of round holes of 200-425 meshes for simulation;
for a permeability of 100X 10 -3 μm 2 ~1000×10 -3 μm 2 And (3) selecting blade holes with the circular hole mesh number of 425-1250 meshes for simulation in the conventional permeability reservoir.
7. A method for foam evaluation using the foam in-situ generation and evaluation device for ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Adjusting the height of the stirring paddle according to the volume of the injected foaming agent solution to ensure that the foaming agent solution passes through the stirring paddle;
(2) Adding a foaming agent solution into the in-situ generation cylinder main body from the liquid inlet, adding gas into the in-situ generation cylinder main body from the gas inlet to reach the pressure of 10-90 MPa, and closing the liquid inlet and the gas inlet;
(3) Heating the foaming agent solution to 90-180 ℃ and then starting stirring;
(4) After the stirring is completed, the in-situ generation cylinder main body is horizontally arranged, the foam change is observed from the visual window, the initial foam volume V0 is recorded to be the foaming volume, when the bottom liquid is separated out to half, the recording time is the liquid separation half-life t1, and when the foam volume is reduced to half of the initial foam volume, the recording time is the foam half-life t2.
8. The method for testing the breaking pressure of the gel foam by adopting the foam in-situ generation and evaluation device suitable for the ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that the breaking pressure of the gel foam is realized by changing the pressure in the in-situ generation cylinder main body through an external pressure reducing valve or an external gas flowmeter.
9. The method for testing the breaking pressure of the gel foam according to claim 8, comprising the following specific steps:
and respectively adding a polymer solution, a cross-linking agent, a foaming agent solution and gas into the main body of the in-situ generation cylinder through the liquid inlet and the gas inlet, stirring and foaming, recording the pressure P1 at the moment, keeping the foam in-situ generation cylinder motionless after gel is formed, enabling the gas inlet to be downward, externally connecting a pressure reducing valve at the gas inlet, starting to release pressure, recording the pressure P2 at the moment when the gel foam breaks through, and recording the breaking pressure of the gel foam as delta P=P1-P2.
10. The method for testing the breaking pressure of the gel foam according to claim 8, comprising the following specific steps:
and respectively adding a polymer solvent, a cross-linking agent, a foaming agent solution and gas into the main body of the in-situ generation cylinder through the liquid inlet and the gas inlet, stirring and foaming, and recording the pressure P1 at the moment, after gel is formed, keeping the foam in-situ generation cylinder motionless, leading the gas inlet to be downward, externally connecting a gas flowmeter at the gas inlet, increasing the pressure through gas inlet, recording the pressure P2 at the moment when the gel foam breaks through, and obtaining the breaking pressure of the gel foam as delta P=P2-P1.
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