CN116519261B - Floating type offshore platform free decay test device, method and application - Google Patents
Floating type offshore platform free decay test device, method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN116519261B CN116519261B CN202310455715.5A CN202310455715A CN116519261B CN 116519261 B CN116519261 B CN 116519261B CN 202310455715 A CN202310455715 A CN 202310455715A CN 116519261 B CN116519261 B CN 116519261B
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
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- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The floating type offshore platform free damping test device comprises a fixed frame, a base plate, an electromagnet, an adjusting device, an electromagnet sucker, an air flotation slide block, an optical axis, a guide rod, a guide part, a displacement sensor and an upper computer, wherein the guide rod is connected to the lower end of the air flotation slide block, the lower end of the guide rod is fixedly used for fixing a floating platform test member, the air flotation slide block moves in a vertical free damping mode along a first optical axis and a second optical axis by virtue of the air flotation slide block, the guide rod and the fixed floating platform test member move in the vertical free damping mode along the first optical axis and the second optical axis by virtue of the air flotation slide block, and the effect is that the drawing accuracy of a vertical free damping curve drawn by collecting displacement data is synergistically improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and particularly relates to a free damping physical model test device for a single-degree-of-freedom free damping model test of a floating ocean platform.
Background
The floating offshore platform is an indispensable technology for exploring deep sea oil and gas resources and renewable energy sources. For example, the method is applied to a semi-submersible drilling platform for developing deep sea oil and gas resources, a floating offshore wind turbine platform for developing deep open sea wind power, and the like. The accurate understanding of the floating offshore platform structure characteristics has very important significance for improving the ocean resource detection efficiency and reducing the economic cost.
In the process of floating offshore platform structure design and research and development, the economy and reliability of the structure are mainly verified through numerical simulation and physical model tests. The dynamic response analysis is usually carried out on the floating offshore platform through numerical simulation, and then the reliability of the numerical model is verified through the physical model test of the pool. The physical model test generally includes: and a still water attenuation test, a wave resistance test, a stormy wave combined test and the like. The static water attenuation test directly relates to the rationality of the self characteristics of the structure, including the fundamental frequency of the structure, the structure damping and the like. Thus, the success or failure of the still water free decay test is of great significance to the design of floating offshore platforms.
The main principle of the hydrostatic free damping test is as follows: at the initial stage of the test, a certain initial displacement or load is given to the test object, so that the floating body structure deviates from the original balance position. When the water surface is stable, the floating body structure is released instantaneously. The floating offshore platform will then oscillate regularly on the water surface until decaying. During the free decay, a motion calendar curve in the direction of the degree of freedom is obtained from the motion monitored by the motion measurement system. Finally, the vibration cycle, damping and the like of the result can be obtained by analyzing the motion calendar curve.
At present, a floating offshore platform free damping test method based on a physical model test does not form a system, and a complete test method is not used for guiding actual free damping work. The common practice is as follows: the experimenter stands in water, adopts to add the heavy object or artificial pressing makes the body structure deviate from original equilibrium position, later accomplishes the free decay through the mode of unloading the heavy object or unclamping the arm.
The method has great limitation, and the free attenuation curve obtained by the method has more noise and low precision. The main disadvantages are that: 1. in the manual pressing process, a certain initial value cannot be given. And cannot be accurately compared with the numerical simulation result. 2. When the floating structure is larger than the ruler, the floating structure is difficult to deviate from the original balance position and reach stability through manual operation, and free attenuation of the floating structure is difficult to realize. 3. When a weight is manually pressed or added, the tester typically needs to be in the water, which the tester needs to stay in during the release process. In the free attenuation process of the structure, a person in water disturbs the flow field around the structure, and the test precision of the physical model is affected. 4. When the water depth is deeper, people cannot stand in the water, and the free attenuation physical model test is difficult to develop. 5. The optimal state of the free damping test is that the structure only carries out damping oscillation in the direction of a single degree of freedom, otherwise, the structure can be mutually coupled with the motion of other degrees of freedom of the structure, and the free damping precision is very affected. The mode of artificial pressing cannot ensure that the floating body structure oscillates and damps in the direction of single degree of freedom.
The existing floating type offshore platform free damping test device basically adopts a loading and unloading structure of a fixed floating platform test component, the motion of the fixed floating platform test component is free motion in the loading and unloading process, the coupling of multiple degrees of freedom is provided, in the unidirectional degree of freedom damping test, the loading and unloading structure has no way to limit the coupling in other degrees of freedom, so that the free damping curve drawing of the unidirectional degree of freedom is greatly reduced, and the drawing curve is difficult to accurately draw. In the unidirectional degree-of-freedom attenuation test, an important vertical degree-of-freedom attenuation test needs a precise free attenuation curve to accurately analyze the running characteristics of the floating offshore platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of free damping of a floating body structure without other external friction in the water, according to a first aspect, a floating offshore platform free damping test device according to some embodiments of the present application comprises
The base plate is vertically arranged;
The electromagnet is arranged on the surface of the substrate;
the adjusting device comprises a nut and a bolt, the nut is arranged at the upper part of one side plate surface of the base plate, the bolt is matched with the nut, the electromagnet is connected to the lower end of the bolt, the bolt moves vertically through the matching of the bolt and the nut, and the electromagnet can move vertically to change the initial position of the free damping test vertically;
the electromagnet sucker is correspondingly arranged below the electromagnet, the electromagnet sucker is attracted to the electromagnet at the vertical initial position before the free damping test starts, and the electromagnet sucker is disconnected from the electromagnet at the vertical initial position after the free damping test starts;
the air-floating sliding block comprises a first through hole and a second through hole which are transversely arranged along the substrate, and the electromagnet sucker is arranged on the upper surface of the air-floating sliding block in the middle of the first through hole and the second through hole;
An optical axis, the optical axis being disposed in the vertical direction and being disposed on the substrate, the optical axis being engaged with the air bearing slider so as to be guided in the vertical direction by the air bearing slider, the optical axis including a first optical axis and a second optical axis, the first optical axis being engaged with the first through hole of the air bearing slider in the vertical direction, the second optical axis being engaged with the second through hole of the air bearing slider in the vertical direction, a first gap being provided between the first optical axis and the first through hole engaged with the first optical axis, the first gap being a gap between a peripheral surface of the first optical axis and an inner wall of the first through hole, and a second gap being provided between the second optical axis and the second through hole engaged with the second optical axis, the second gap being a gap between a peripheral surface of the second optical axis and an inner wall of the second through hole, and the second through hole being a first gap between the first optical axis and the first through hole, the first electromagnet being held in the vertical direction by the first gap and the second electromagnet, the first electromagnet being held in the vertical direction by the first gap, the first electromagnet being held in the first gap between the first through hole and the second electromagnet;
The guide rod is connected to the lower end of the air flotation sliding block, the lower end of the guide rod is fixed with a floating platform test member, the air flotation sliding block moves along the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the vertical free damping mode, and the guide rod and the fixed floating platform test member follow the air flotation sliding block to move along the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the vertical free damping mode;
the displacement sensor is used for collecting displacement data of the motion of the air-float sliding block in real time;
and the upper computer receives the displacement data of the motion of the air-float sliding block acquired by the displacement sensor, and draws a free attenuation curve of the fixed floating platform test member according to the displacement data.
According to the floating offshore platform free damping test device provided by some embodiments of the application, the air outlet holes are uniformly arranged on the peripheral surfaces of the inner walls of the first through hole and the second through hole at intervals, high-pressure gas is introduced into the air floating sliding block through the air compressor, and the high-pressure gas is uniformly discharged on the peripheral surfaces of the first through hole and the second through hole through the air passage.
Floating offshore platform free decay test apparatus according to some embodiments of the application, further comprising
The fixing frame is of a rectangular structure, a first beam at the upper part of one side of the fixing frame is connected with the substrate, and a second beam opposite to the beams at the upper part of the lower part of one side of the fixing frame is connected with the middle parts of the side beams at the two lower parts in the axial direction;
the positive and negative tooth bolt comprises a first positive and negative tooth bolt and a second positive and negative tooth bolt, one end of the first positive and negative tooth bolt is fixed on the first cross beam, the other end of the first positive and negative tooth bolt is fixed on the upper end face of the base plate, one end of the second positive and negative tooth bolt is fixed on the first cross beam, the other end of the second positive and negative tooth bolt is fixed on the upper end face of the base plate, and the first positive and negative tooth bolt and the second positive and negative tooth bolt are arranged at two ends of the upper end face of the base plate in a transverse arrangement mode.
According to the floating offshore platform free damping test device of some embodiments of the present application, the optical axis is fixed on the plate surface on one side of the substrate by the fixing block, the fixing block includes a first upper fixing block, a first lower fixing block, a second upper fixing block and a second lower fixing block, the first upper fixing block and the first lower fixing block are vertically opposite and fixed on two vertical opposite positions of the plate surface on one side of the substrate, the second upper fixing block and the second lower fixing block are vertically opposite and fixed on two vertical opposite positions of the plate surface on one side of the substrate, the first upper fixing block and the second upper fixing block are horizontally arranged on two horizontal opposite positions of the plate surface of the substrate, the first lower fixing block and the second lower fixing block are horizontally arranged on two horizontal opposite positions of the plate surface of the substrate, the first optical axis is axially fixed between the first upper fixing block and the first lower fixing block, and the second optical axis is axially fixed between the second upper fixing block and the second lower fixing block.
According to the floating offshore platform free attenuation test device of some embodiments of the present application, the first upper fixing block, the first lower fixing block, the second upper fixing block and the second lower fixing block form connection holes from the parts of the board surface of the substrate extending forward to connect with the optical axis, so that a certain distance exists between the optical axis and the board surface of the substrate, the first upper fixing block and the second upper fixing block limit the highest vertical movement distance of the air-float slide block, and the first lower fixing block and the second lower fixing block limit the lowest vertical movement distance of the air-float slide block.
According to some embodiments of the application, the floating offshore platform free damping test device further comprises a guide part, wherein the guide part comprises a guide hole, the guide part is arranged at the bottom of the plate surface of the base plate, the guide hole is formed by the part of the plate surface of the base plate extending forwards, the guide rod is matched with the guide hole, and the aperture of the guide hole is larger than that of the guide rod, so that the guide hole is not contacted with the inner wall of the guide hole in the vertical free damping motion.
According to the floating offshore platform free damping test device of some embodiments of the present application, the guide part is disposed below the first lower fixing block and the second lower fixing block on the board surface of the substrate, and is located between the first lower fixing block and the second lower fixing block in the lateral direction.
In a second aspect, a floating offshore platform free fall test method according to some embodiments of the application is performed using any of the test devices, the test method comprising the steps of:
s10, adjusting the screw-in of the positive and negative screw rod at one end of the substrate to adjust the levelness of the substrate, so that the levelness of the air-float sliding block on the substrate is in a required range;
s20, the air compressor performs and maintains high-pressure inflation on the first through hole and the second through hole of the air-floating sliding block, so that a first gap is formed and maintained between the first optical axis and the first through hole matched with the first optical axis, and a second gap is formed and maintained between the second optical axis and the second through hole matched with the second optical axis;
s30, adjusting a screw rod of an adjusting device, so that the vertical position of an electromagnet connected with the screw rod is adjusted to deviate from the balance position by a certain distance, then electrifying the electromagnet, and enabling a floating platform test member to be in adsorption connection with the electromagnet through an electromagnet sucker of an air floatation slider, so that the floating platform test member deviates from the balance position of the floating platform test member by the certain distance;
s40, when the flow field is stable, the electromagnet is powered off, the floating platform test member is disconnected with the electromagnet to be adsorbed and connected to move freely, the movement direction is limited by the first optical axis and the second optical axis, so that the floating platform test member only has vertical free damping movement, and displacement data of the movement of the air-float sliding block are acquired in real time by the displacement sensor until the free damping movement of the floating platform test member is finished;
S50, drawing a free damping curve by using displacement data of the motion of the air-floating sliding block acquired by the displacement sensor in real time, wherein the free damping curve is a free damping curve of the fixed floating platform test member starting free damping motion at the initial position of the vertical deviation balance position.
The free decay test method of the floating offshore platform according to some embodiments of the application further comprises the following steps of
S60, repeating the steps S10-S50, and drawing a plurality of groups of free attenuation curves.
In a third aspect, the use of a floating offshore platform free fall test device according to any of the embodiments of the application in a floating offshore platform free fall test.
The beneficial effects are that:
in the first aspect, the air-float sliding block moves vertically along the optical axis with extremely low surface roughness, a tiny gap is formed between the optical axis and the through hole and is arranged in a non-contact mode, but the gap is small, so that the contact between the optical axis and the wall surface of the through hole is possible under the condition that the levelness of the air-float sliding block is not accurate enough.
In the second aspect, the function of high-pressure gas deviation rectifying is limited, so that the levelness of the air-float slide block is required to be in a reasonable range in order to enable the optical axis and the air-float slide block to form relative motion with more approximate zero damping, and therefore, the levelness of the linear air-float slide block can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing depth of the positive teeth and the negative teeth, so that the levelness of the air-float slide block is in a reasonable range, the high-pressure gas deviation rectifying function can be applicable, and the optical axis and the air-float slide block form relative motion with more approximate zero damping under the combination of the two means.
In a third aspect, the guide rod is connected to the lower end of the air-floating slider, the floating platform test member is fixed at the lower end of the guide rod, the air-floating slider moves along the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the vertical free damping manner, the guide rod and the fixed floating platform test member follow the air-floating slider to move along the first optical axis and the second optical axis in the vertical free damping manner, and in the realized relative movement closer to zero damping, the air-floating slider drives the fixed floating platform test member to move only along the optical axis in the vertical direction by limiting the optical axis, so that the influence of other degrees of freedom of movement in the free damping is shielded.
In the fourth aspect, through the combination of the adjusting device, the electromagnet sucker and the electromagnet, the initial position of free damping of the floating body platform can be accurately changed, and the problems that the artificial pressing precision is not high, the flow field around the structure is influenced, and then the free damping precision is influenced are avoided.
In a fifth aspect, various technical means of the application are combined to cooperatively improve the drawing accuracy of the vertical free damping curve drawn by the acquired displacement data, and corresponding experimental data are described in detail in experimental examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a floating offshore platform free fall test rig.
FIG. 2 is a free decay curve obtained by a conventional model test method.
FIG. 3 is a free decay curve obtained with the present application.
Reference numerals:
10. a substrate;
21. electromagnet, 22. Electromagnet suction cup
31. Nut, 32. Bolt
40. Air-float slide block
51. First optical axis, 52, second optical axis, 53, first upper fixing block, 54, first lower fixing block, 55, second upper fixing block, 56, second lower fixing block
61. Guide bar, 62. Guide portion
70. Fixed floating platform test member
80. Fixed frame
91. First positive and negative bolt, 92. Second positive and negative bolt
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout.
The inventor finds that the motion of the fixed floating platform test member 70 is free motion in the loading and unloading process, and has multi-directional degree-of-freedom coupling, and for unidirectional degree-of-freedom attenuation tests, the loading and unloading structure has no way to limit the coupling in other degrees of freedom, which greatly reduces the free attenuation curve drawing of unidirectional degree of freedom, and makes the drawing curve difficult to be accurate.
In the unidirectional degree-of-freedom damping test, an important vertical degree-of-freedom damping test needs a precise free damping curve to accurately analyze the running characteristics of the floating offshore platform, and therefore, the inventor hopes to obtain a free damping test device which basically has no coupling of other degrees of freedom in the vertical degree-of-freedom damping test, can be closer to ideal zero friction, and simulates free damping of a floating body structure under the condition of no other external friction in water.
Example 1: fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating offshore platform free damping test device according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including a fixed frame 80, a base plate 10, an electromagnet 21, an adjusting device, an electromagnet chuck 22, an air-floating slider 40, an optical axis, a guide rod 61, a guide portion 62, a displacement sensor, and an upper computer, wherein:
The fixing frame 80 is a frame of a rectangular structure, and is mainly constructed of beams and struts, and the fixing frame 80 has high stability for suspending the substrate 10 when being fixed in an environment (e.g., a table). A first beam at an upper portion of one side of the fixed frame 80 is connected to the base plate 10, and a second beam opposite to the upper beam at a lower portion of the one side of the fixed frame 80 is connected to middle portions of the two lower side beams in an axial direction. This allows the guide rods 61 and/or the fixed platform test element 70 to be moved and positioned rearward by the second cross member while maintaining stability of the fixed frame 80.
The base plate 10 is vertically arranged, the base plate 10 is a rectangular plate which is longer in the vertical direction, the base plate 10 and the fixing frame 80 are connected through the positive and negative tooth bolts 32, the positive and negative tooth bolts 32 comprise a first positive and negative tooth bolt 91 and a second positive and negative tooth bolt 92, one end of the first positive and negative tooth bolt 91 is fixed on the first cross beam, the other end of the first positive and negative tooth bolt 91 is fixed on the upper end face of the base plate 10, one end of the second positive and negative tooth bolt 92 is fixed on the first cross beam, the other end of the second positive and negative tooth bolt 92 is fixed on the upper end face of the base plate 10, and the first positive and negative tooth bolts 91 and the second positive and negative tooth bolts 92 are arranged at two ends of the upper end face of the base plate 10 in the transverse arrangement.
The electromagnet 21 is disposed on the plate surface of the substrate 10. The adjusting device comprises a nut 31 and a bolt 32, wherein the nut 31 is arranged at the upper part of one side plate surface of the base plate 10, the bolt 32 is matched with the nut 31, the electromagnet 21 is connected to the lower end of the bolt 32, the bolt 32 is vertically moved through the matching of the bolt 32 and the nut 31, and the electromagnet 21 can vertically move to change the initial position of the free damping test in the vertical direction. Thereby, the electromagnet 21 is provided on the plate surface of the base plate 10 through the nut 31, and the portion of the nut 31 fixed on the plate surface of the base plate 10 extending forward from the plate surface of the base plate 10 forms a bolt 32 hole to which the bolt 32 is attached, so that the base plate surface is at a distance from the bolt 32 hole, thereby achieving the effect of not touching the moving member.
The electromagnet sucker 22 is correspondingly arranged below the electromagnet 21, before the free damping test starts, the electromagnet sucker 22 is attracted to the electromagnet 21 at the vertical initial position, and when the free damping test starts, the electromagnet sucker 22 is disconnected from the electromagnet 21 at the vertical initial position.
The electromagnet chuck 22 is disposed on the air-floating slider 40, the air-floating slider 40 includes a first through hole and a second through hole which are arranged laterally along the substrate 10, and the electromagnet chuck 22 is disposed on the upper surface of the air-floating slider 40 in the middle of the first through hole and the second through hole, whereby the electromagnet chuck 22 is disposed in the middle of the first through hole and the second through hole.
The optical axis is disposed in the vertical direction on the substrate 10 by being fixed to one side of the substrate 10 by the fixing blocks, the fixing blocks include a first upper fixing block 53, a first lower fixing block 54, a second upper fixing block 55, and a second lower fixing block 56, the first upper fixing block 53 and the first lower fixing block 54 are disposed vertically opposite to each other and fixed to two vertical relative positions on one side of the substrate 10, the second upper fixing block 55 and the second lower fixing block 56 are disposed vertically opposite to each other and fixed to two vertical relative positions on one side of the substrate 10, the first upper fixing block 53 and the second upper fixing block 55 are disposed laterally opposite to two vertical relative positions on one side of the substrate 10, the first lower fixing block 54 and the second lower fixing block 56 are disposed laterally opposite to each other on two lateral sides of the substrate 10, the first optical axis 51 is axially fixed to the first upper fixing block 53, the first lower fixing block 54, the second optical axis 52 is axially fixed to the second optical axis 52 between the first lower fixing block 54 and the second optical axis 52. The first upper fixing block 53, the first lower fixing block 54, the second upper fixing block 55 and the second lower fixing block 56 form a connecting hole from a portion of the board surface of the substrate 10 extending forward to be connected with an optical axis, so that a certain distance is provided between the optical axis and the board surface of the substrate 10, thereby realizing the function of not touching the moving parts. The first upper fixing block 53 and the second upper fixing block 55 limit the highest vertical movement distance of the air-floating sliding block 40, and the first lower fixing block 54 and the second lower fixing block 56 limit the lowest vertical movement distance of the air-floating sliding block 40.
The optical axis and the air-floating slider 40 are matched and guided to move in the vertical direction, the optical axis comprises a first optical axis 51 and a second optical axis 52, the first optical axis 51 is matched with the first through hole of the air-floating slider 40 in the vertical direction, the second optical axis 52 is matched with the second through hole of the air-floating slider 40 in the vertical direction, a first gap is formed between the first optical axis 51 and the first through hole matched with the first optical axis 51, the first gap is formed by a gap between the peripheral surface of the first optical axis 51 and the inner wall of the first through hole, high-pressure gas is communicated in the first through hole of the air-floating slider 40, a second gap is formed between the peripheral surface of the second optical axis 52 and the second through hole in the vertical direction, the second through hole of the air-floating slider 40 is provided with a first gap between the first optical axis 22 and the second through hole, the first optical axis 52 is disconnected from the first through hole and the second optical axis 52, and the second through hole of the air-floating slider 40 is kept in the vertical direction, and the first air-floating slider is clamped between the first optical axis 52 and the second through hole and the second optical axis 52 by the electromagnet 22, and the first air-floating slider 52 is kept in the vertical gap between the first gap and the first through hole and the first electromagnet 52. Air outlet holes are uniformly arranged on the peripheral surfaces of the inner walls of the first through hole and the second through hole at intervals, high-pressure air is introduced into the air-floating sliding block 40 through the air compressor, and the high-pressure air is uniformly discharged on the peripheral surfaces of the first through hole and the second through hole through an air passage.
The guide rod 61 is connected to the lower end of the air-floating slide block 40, the lower end of the guide rod 61 is fixed to the floating platform test member 70, the air-floating slide block 40 moves along the first optical axis 51 and the second optical axis 52 in the vertical free damping mode, and the guide rod 61 and the fixed floating platform test member 70 follow the air-floating slide block 40 to move along the first optical axis 51 and the second optical axis 52 in the vertical free damping mode.
The guide portion 62 includes a guide hole, the guide portion 62 is disposed at the bottom of the board surface of the base board 10, the guide hole is formed by a portion of the board surface of the base board 10 extending forward, the guide rod 61 is matched with the guide hole, and the guide hole has a larger diameter than the guide rod 61, so that the guide hole does not touch the inner wall of the guide hole in the vertical free damping motion. The guide 62 is disposed below the first lower fixing block 54 and the second lower fixing block 56 on the plate surface of the substrate 10, and is located between the first lower fixing block 54 and the second lower fixing block 56 in the lateral direction.
In the invention, the air-float slide block 40 moves vertically along the optical axis with extremely low surface roughness, a tiny gap is arranged between the optical axis and the through hole and is arranged in a non-contact mode, but the gap is small, so that the contact between the optical axis and the wall surface of the through hole is possible under the condition that the levelness of the air-float slide block 40 is not accurate enough, and through the use of the air-float slide block 40, the air outlet holes are uniformly arranged at intervals on the peripheral surface of the inner wall of the through hole, high-pressure gas is introduced into the air-float slide block 40 through the air compressor, and the high-pressure gas is uniformly discharged in the circumferential direction in the through hole through the air channel, so that the optical axis can be rectified under the pressure action of the high-pressure gas, the optical axis is not contacted with the wall surface of the through hole, and the influence of friction on free damping movement is reduced. However, the function of high-pressure gas deviation rectifying is limited, so that the levelness of the air-float slide block 40 needs to be in a reasonable range in order to form the relative motion between the optical axis and the air-float slide block 40 with more approximate zero damping, and therefore, the levelness of the linear air-float slide block 40 can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing depth of the positive teeth and the negative teeth, so that the levelness of the air-float slide block 40 is in a reasonable range, the high-pressure gas deviation rectifying function can be applicable, and the relative motion between the optical axis and the air-float slide block 40 with more approximate zero damping is formed under the combination of the two means. The guide rod 61 is connected to the lower end of the air-floating slide block 40, the lower end of the guide rod 61 is fixed to the floating platform test member 70, the air-floating slide block 40 moves along the first optical axis 51 and the second optical axis 52 in the vertical free damping mode, the guide rod 61 and the fixed floating platform test member 70 follow the air-floating slide block 40 to move along the first optical axis 51 and the second optical axis 52 in the vertical free damping mode, and in the relative motion closer to zero damping, the air-floating slide block 40 drives the fixed floating platform test member 70 to move only along the optical axis in the vertical direction by the optical axis limiting mode, and the influence of other degrees of freedom of movement in the free damping is shielded. The combination of the means synergistically improves the drawing accuracy of the free decay curve in the vertical direction drawn by the acquired displacement data.
The displacement sensor collects displacement data of the motion of the air-float slide block 40 in real time. By arranging a displacement sensor, such as a laser displacement sensor, displacement motion data of the air bearing slider 40 is acquired. A displacement sensor may be mounted on the fixed frame 80.
The upper computer receives the displacement data of the motion of the air-float sliding block 40 acquired by the displacement sensor, and draws a free damping curve of the fixed floating platform test member 70 according to the displacement data.
The air-float slide block 40, the guide rod 61 and the floating platform test member are rigidly connected, and the air-float slide block 40 can shield the movement in other directions by the limitation of the optical axis, so that the floating platform test member only has vertical movement, and therefore, the movement of the air-float slide block 40 is consistent with the movement of the floating platform test member. Thus, the monitoring of the motion of the air bearing slider 40 may reflect the motion of the floating platform test member,
the equilibrium position is the free damping of the simulated floating body structure (fixed floating platform test member 70) without other external friction in the water, and when the simulated floating body structure is balanced, the position of the electromagnet suction cup 22 may be expressed as the vertical equilibrium position on the substrate 10, and in an example, it may be assumed that the vertical position of the upper end face of the electromagnet suction cup 22 on the substrate 10 is the equilibrium position under the precondition described above.
The upper end surface of the electromagnet sucker 22 and the upper end surface of the air-floating slide block 40 are equal-height surfaces, so that vertical movement data of the floating platform test member can be obtained by monitoring the vertical movement of the air-floating slide block 40, and it can be understood that the vertical position of the substrate 10 where the upper end surface of the air-floating slide block 40 is located can also be used for representing the balance position on the premise.
In addition, the lower end surface of the electromagnet 21 and the upper end surface of the electromagnet chuck 22 are coincident surfaces, and it is also understood that the vertical position of the substrate 10 where the lower end surface of the electromagnet 21 is located can be used to represent a balance position under the above-mentioned premise. The displacement data of the air-float slider 40 collected by the displacement sensor compared with the balance position can be processed into the distance of the air-float slider 40 vertically deviating from the balance position, namely the distance of the simulated floating body structure vertically deviating from the balance position.
Thus, the floating offshore platform free decay test method of the invention is implemented by using the test device, and comprises the following steps:
s10, adjusting the screw-in of the positive and negative screw at one end of the base plate 10 to adjust the levelness of the base plate 10, so that the levelness of the air-float sliding block 40 on the base plate 10 is in a required range.
S20. the air compressor performs and maintains high-pressure inflation of the first through hole and the second through hole of the air bearing slider 40, so that a first gap is provided and maintained between the first optical axis 51 and the first through hole matched with the first optical axis 51, and a second gap is provided and maintained between the second optical axis 52 and the second through hole matched with the second optical axis 52.
S30, adjusting a screw rod of the adjusting device, so that the vertical position of the electromagnet 21 connected with the screw rod is adjusted to deviate from the balance position by a certain distance, then electrifying the electromagnet 21, enabling the floating platform test member to be in adsorption connection with the electromagnet 21 through the electromagnet sucker 22 of the air flotation slide 40, and further enabling the floating platform test member to deviate from the balance position of the floating platform test member by the certain distance.
S40, when the flow field is stable, the electromagnet 21 is powered off, the floating platform test member is disconnected with the electromagnet 21 to be adsorbed and move freely, at the moment, the structure vertically falls down, and free attenuation is started until the floating platform test member is completed. And the first optical axis 51 and the second optical axis 52 limit the movement direction, so that the floating platform test member only has vertical free damping movement, and the displacement sensor acquires displacement data of the movement of the air bearing sliding block 40 in real time until the free damping movement of the floating platform test member is finished.
S50. using the displacement data of the motion of the air bearing slider 40 acquired in real time by the displacement sensor, drawing a free damping curve from the displacement data, wherein the free damping curve is a free damping curve of the fixed floating platform test member 70 starting free damping motion at the initial position of the vertical deviation from the equilibrium position.
S60, repeating the steps S10-S50, and drawing a plurality of groups of free attenuation curves.
Example 2: the invention provides a floating offshore platform free damping physical model test method which is simple to operate and high in precision, and is different from the existing ocean engineering structure free damping physical model test method. The device in the method consists of an air bearing, a guide rod 61, an electromagnet 21 and a test member. By the air bearing slider 40 and the optical axis, the friction force along the optical axis direction is small while restraining the floating offshore platform from moving in other degrees of freedom. The electromagnet 21 and the adjusting device can accurately change the initial position of free attenuation of the floating body platform, so that the problems that the artificial pressing precision is not high, the surrounding flow field of the structure is influenced, and then the free attenuation precision is influenced are avoided. The method can effectively ensure the test precision of the free attenuation physical model, is simple to operate and has higher test efficiency.
A floating offshore platform free attenuation simulation method based on a linear air bearing mainly comprises the following steps: the system comprises a floating platform model test piece, a fixed frame 80, an air floating sliding block 40, an optical axis, an air compressor and an electromagnet 21. The free damping model test device is connected to the workbench through the fixed frame 80, so that the device is fixed. The air compressor inflates the air-floating slide block 40, and the inflation enters the through hole of the air-floating slide block 40, so that the air-floating slide block 40 is not contacted with the optical axis. Meanwhile, the air-floating sliding block 40 can enable the floating platform model to move only along the optical axis direction, and the influence of other motion degrees of freedom in free damping is shielded.
The electromagnet 21 adjusting system mainly comprises an electromagnet 21, an electromagnet 21 adjusting rod and an electromagnet sucker 22. Before the test starts, the position of the electromagnet 21 is adjusted by adjusting the length of the electromagnetic adjusting rod, then the electromagnet 21 and the electromagnet 21 are electrified to absorb the washing disc, and the floating body structure deviates from the balance position. The power is then turned off and the structure falls vertically and begins to decay freely until it is completed.
Wherein the optical axis is connected to the substrate 10 by means of a fixing means. The base plate 10 is connected to the fixing frame 80 by the front and back bolts 32. The levelness of the linear air-bearing slider 40 can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing depth of the front teeth and the back teeth. The floating platform test members are connected to the air bearing slide 40 by guide rods 61. The electromagnet 21 is connected to an electromagnet 21 adjusting lever by a bolt 32, and then the electromagnetic adjusting lever is connected to the base plate 10 by a fastener. The electromagnet 22 is connected to the air bearing slide 40 by a bolt 32. Finally, the fixing frame 80 is connected to the table, and the fixing of the entire apparatus is realized.
The method can be applied to free attenuation simulation of floating offshore platforms with different water depths, and has the advantages of simple operation and high test precision. The electromagnet 21 system can deviate the floating body structure from a designated position, so that the problem of inaccurate initial deviation position caused by manual pressing is avoided. By adopting the scheme of the air-floating sliding block 40, the optical axis and the air compressor, the influence of friction force on free damping is reduced while the movement in other directions is restrained. The testers do not need to enter water, so that errors caused by the water entering of the testers to the free attenuation test structure are avoided.
And in the beginning stage of the test, fixing the whole test device with a working platform, and performing levelness adjustment on the free attenuation test device by adjusting the screwing depth of the positive and negative screw.
Subsequently, the air-floating slide 40 is inflated by the air compressor, so that the air-floating slide 40 is ensured to be in non-contact with the optical axis.
In the main start of the test, the electromagnet 21 is first adjusted to be deviated from a predetermined position by the electromagnet 21. The electromagnet 21 is then energized to cause the floating platform test member to be attracted to the electromagnet 21 by the electromagnet suction cup 22, thereby causing the floating platform test member to deviate from its equilibrium position by a specified distance.
When the flow field is stable, the electromagnet 21 is powered off, and the floating platform test member is disconnected from the electromagnet 21 and falls freely. When the free decay is completed, the steps are repeated, and a plurality of groups of free decay tests can be performed.
The invention can effectively ensure that the structure can move freely in a single degree of freedom without friction. The free damping test method is simple to operate, and the damping motion precision of the structure in the single-degree-of-freedom direction can be greatly ensured. Meanwhile, the method can reduce the error problem caused by water entering of testers, and has very important significance for free attenuation tests of the floating platform.
Experimental example:
fig. 2 is a free decay curve obtained by a conventional artificial compression method, and it is apparent that the free decay curve shows an irregular state due to interference of other factors although the curve shows the free decay curve. It can be seen that the free decay curve peak does not slowly decrease with time, but has a problem that the rear peak is higher than the front peak. In the traditional model test, in the free attenuation process of the structure, other degrees of freedom are unconstrained except the attenuation degree of freedom direction. Therefore, under the test condition, the ideal single-degree-of-freedom attenuation cannot be satisfied, and motion in other degrees of freedom is unavoidable. The experimenter standing in the water, having disturbing forces in other directions than the free decay direction, will increase the movement of the floating structure in other directions. In a single degree of freedom free decay curve, there is great difficulty in obtaining an accurate free decay curve because of the motion in the other degrees of freedom.
FIG. 3 is a free damping curve obtained by the test method of the free damping physical model of the linear air bearing provided by the invention. It is evident that the free decay curve has a large improvement over fig. 2, the decay curve peak decreasing slowly over time. The main reason is that the scheme of introducing the air-float slide block 40, the optical axis and the air compressor is adopted, the air-float slide block 40 is rigidly connected with the floating body structure, and meanwhile, the air-float slide block 40 can only move along the optical axis in a single degree of freedom, and can effectively restrict the movement in other degrees of freedom. Meanwhile, the linear air bearing is in air contact with the optical axis, so that friction between the linear air bearing and the optical axis can be effectively reduced, and the influence of friction force on free attenuation is avoided to a great extent. Meanwhile, an electromagnet 21 system is introduced, and the release of the structure is controlled by the electromagnet 21, so that a tester is prevented from entering water, and the influence of participation of the tester on free attenuation is further reduced.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the present invention, the term "and/or" describes an association relationship of an association object, which means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "at least one" means one or more; "at least one of a and B", similar to "a and/or B", describes an association relationship of an association object, meaning that there may be three relationships, for example, at least one of a and B may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A floating type offshore platform free decay test device is characterized by comprising
A substrate (10), wherein the substrate (10) is vertically arranged;
an electromagnet (21), wherein the electromagnet (21) is arranged on the surface of the substrate (10);
the adjusting device comprises a nut (31) and a bolt (32), wherein the nut (31) is arranged at the upper part of one side plate surface of the base plate (10), the bolt (32) is matched with the nut (31), the electromagnet (21) is connected to the lower end of the bolt (32), and the bolt (32) is vertically moved by the matching of the bolt (32) and the nut (31), so that the electromagnet (21) can vertically move to change the initial position of the free damping test in the vertical direction;
the electromagnet sucker (22) is correspondingly arranged below the electromagnet (21), the electromagnet sucker (22) is attracted to the electromagnet (21) at the vertical initial position before the free damping test starts, and the electromagnet sucker (22) is disconnected from the electromagnet (21) at the vertical initial position after the free damping test starts;
The air-floating sliding block (40), the electromagnet sucker (22) is arranged on the air-floating sliding block (40), the air-floating sliding block (40) comprises a first through hole and a second through hole which are transversely arranged along the substrate (10), and the electromagnet sucker (22) is arranged on the upper surface of the air-floating sliding block (40) between the first through hole and the second through hole;
an optical axis which is disposed in the vertical direction in the axial direction and which is disposed on the substrate (10) so as to be engaged with the air bearing slider (40) and which is guided in the vertical direction by the air bearing slider (40), the optical axis comprising a first optical axis (51) and a second optical axis (52), the first optical axis (51) being engaged with the first through hole of the air bearing slider (40) in the vertical direction, the second optical axis (52) being engaged with the second through hole of the air bearing slider (40) in the vertical direction, a first gap being provided between the first optical axis (51) and a first through hole engaged with the first optical axis (51), the first gap being provided between the peripheral surface of the first optical axis (51) and the inner wall of the first through hole, a high-pressure gas being passed through the second through hole of the air bearing slider (40), a second gap being provided between the second optical axis (52) and a second through hole engaged with the second optical axis (52), a first gap being provided between the peripheral surface of the second optical axis (51) and the second through hole (52) and the inner wall of the first through hole (52), the electromagnet sucker (22) is disconnected from the electromagnet (21) by suction, the air-floating sliding block (40) moves along the first optical axis (51) and the second optical axis (52) in a free damping mode in the vertical direction, the first gap is kept between the first optical axis (51) and a first through hole matched with the first optical axis (51), and the second gap is kept between the second optical axis (52) and a second through hole matched with the second optical axis (52);
The guide rod (61) is connected to the lower end of the air flotation slide block (40), the floating platform test member (70) is fixed at the lower end of the guide rod (61), the air flotation slide block (40) moves along the first optical axis (51) and the second optical axis (52) in the vertical free damping mode, and the guide rod (61) and the fixed floating platform test member (70) follow the air flotation slide block (40) to move along the first optical axis (51) and the second optical axis (52) in the vertical free damping mode;
the displacement sensor is used for collecting displacement data of the motion of the air-float sliding block (40) in real time;
and the upper computer receives the displacement data of the motion of the air flotation sliding block (40) acquired by the displacement sensor, and draws a free attenuation curve of the fixed floating platform test member (70) according to the displacement data.
2. The floating offshore platform free damping test device according to claim 1, wherein air outlet holes are uniformly formed in the peripheral surfaces of the inner walls of the first through hole and the second through hole at intervals, high-pressure gas is introduced into the air floating slide block (40) through an air compressor, and the high-pressure gas is uniformly discharged through the peripheral surfaces of the first through hole and the second through hole through an air passage.
3. The floating offshore platform free decay test apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising
A fixed frame (80), wherein the fixed frame (80) is a frame with a rectangular structure, a first beam at the upper part of one side of the fixed frame (80) is connected with the substrate (10), and a second beam at the lower part of one side of the fixed frame (80) opposite to the beams at the upper part is connected with the middle parts of the two side beams at the lower parts in the axial direction;
positive and negative tooth bolt (32), including first positive and negative tooth bolt (91) and second positive and negative tooth bolt (92), first positive and negative tooth bolt (91) one end is fixed first crossbeam, the other end is fixed the up end of base plate (10), second positive and negative tooth bolt (92) one end is fixed first crossbeam, the other end is fixed the up end of base plate (10), first positive and negative tooth bolt (91) and second positive and negative tooth bolt (92) are in the both ends of the up end of transverse arrangement setting base plate (10).
4. A floating offshore platform free damping test device according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical axis is fixed by the fixing blocks at two vertical relative positions of the plate surface at one side of the base plate (10), the fixing blocks comprise a first upper fixing block (53), a first lower fixing block (54), a second upper fixing block (55) and a second lower fixing block (56), the first upper fixing block (53), the first lower fixing block (54) are oppositely arranged vertically and fixed at two vertical relative positions of the plate surface at one side of the base plate (10), the second upper fixing block (55), the second lower fixing block (56) are oppositely arranged vertically and fixed at two vertical relative positions of the plate surface at one side of the base plate (10), the first upper fixing block (53), the second upper fixing block (55) are oppositely arranged at two vertical relative positions of the plate surface of the base plate (10), the first lower fixing block (54), the second lower fixing block (56) are oppositely arranged at the transverse position of the plate surface of the base plate (10), and the first optical axis (52) is axially fixed between the first optical axis (52) and the second optical axis (52) is axially fixed between the first optical axis (52).
5. The floating offshore platform free damping test device according to claim 4, wherein the first upper fixing block (53), the first lower fixing block (54), the second upper fixing block (55) and the second lower fixing block (56) are formed by the forward extending parts of the plate surface of the base plate (10) to form connecting holes so as to be connected with an optical axis, so that a certain distance exists between the optical axis and the plate surface of the base plate (10), the first upper fixing block (53) and the second upper fixing block (55) limit the highest vertical movement distance of the air-floating sliding block (40), and the first lower fixing block (54) and the second lower fixing block (56) limit the lowest vertical movement distance of the air-floating sliding block (40).
6. The floating offshore platform free damping test device according to claim 5, further comprising a guide portion (62), wherein the guide portion (62) comprises a guide hole, the guide portion (62) is arranged at the bottom of the plate surface of the base plate (10), the guide hole is formed by the part of the plate surface of the base plate (10) extending forward, the guide rod (61) is matched with the guide hole, and the aperture of the guide hole is larger than that of the guide rod (61) so as not to touch the inner wall of the guide hole in the vertical free damping motion.
7. The floating offshore platform free damping test device according to claim 6, wherein the guide portion (62) is disposed below the first lower fixing block (54) and the second lower fixing block (56) on the plate surface of the base plate (10) and is located laterally intermediate the first lower fixing block (54) and the second lower fixing block (56).
8. A method of free-fall testing of a floating offshore platform, the method being carried out using the test apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising the steps of:
s10, adjusting the screw-in of the positive and negative tooth bolt (32) at one end of the base plate (10) to adjust the levelness of the base plate (10) so that the levelness of the air-float sliding block (40) on the base plate (10) is in a required range;
s20, performing and keeping high-pressure inflation on the first through hole and the second through hole of the air-floating sliding block (40) by an air compressor, so that a first gap is formed and kept between the first optical axis (51) and the first through hole matched with the first optical axis (51), and a second gap is formed and kept between the second optical axis (52) and the second through hole matched with the second optical axis (52);
s30, adjusting a screw rod of an adjusting device, so that the vertical position of an electromagnet (21) connected with the screw rod is adjusted to deviate from the balance position by a certain distance, then electrifying the electromagnet (21), enabling a floating platform test member to be in adsorption connection with the electromagnet (21) through an electromagnet sucker (22) of an air floatation slider (40), and further enabling the floating platform test member to deviate from the balance position of the floating platform test member by the certain distance;
S40, when a flow field is stable, the electromagnet (21) is powered off, the floating platform test member is disconnected with the electromagnet (21) in an adsorption mode and moves freely, the movement direction is limited by the first optical axis (51) and the second optical axis (52), so that the floating platform test member only has vertical free damping movement, and displacement data of the movement of the air floating sliding block (40) are collected in real time by the displacement sensor until the free damping movement of the floating platform test member is finished;
s50, drawing a free damping curve by using displacement data of the motion of the air flotation slide (40) acquired by the displacement sensor in real time, wherein the free damping curve is a free damping curve of the fixed floating platform test member (70) starting free damping motion at the initial position of the vertical deviation balance position.
9. The floating offshore platform free decay test method of claim 8, further comprising
S60, repeating the steps S10-S50, and drawing a plurality of groups of free attenuation curves.
10. Use of a floating offshore platform free fall test device according to any of claims 1-7 in a floating offshore platform free fall test.
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| CN112733473A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-30 | 南京欧帕提亚信息科技有限公司 | Automatic and intelligent ship free rolling attenuation numerical simulation method based on CFD |
| CN113390596A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-14 | 天津大学 | Vortex-induced vibration collision test system for marine vertical tube bundle |
| CN115754992A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-03-07 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating type offshore laser radar dynamic wind measurement test device and test method |
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