CN116514597A - Watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer and preparation method and use method thereof - Google Patents
Watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer and preparation method and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116514597A CN116514597A CN202310366843.2A CN202310366843A CN116514597A CN 116514597 A CN116514597 A CN 116514597A CN 202310366843 A CN202310366843 A CN 202310366843A CN 116514597 A CN116514597 A CN 116514597A
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- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000005631 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- -1 compound sodium nitrophenolate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O AXKBOWBNOCUNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229930195732 phytohormone Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- KBRKFTKQRMYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methoxy-5-nitrophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].COC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[O-] KBRKFTKQRMYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013569 fruit product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer and a preparation method and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of watermelon cultivation. The invention provides a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 to 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 to 100 parts of water. The watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer provided by the invention obviously improves the fruit setting rate and acre yield of watermelons and reduces the deformity rate. The average fruit setting rate is 96.4%, the average malformation rate is 1.9%, and the average acre yield is 7501kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of watermelon cultivation, in particular to a watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
Watermelon is sweet and succulent, refreshing and thirst-quenching, and is a midsummer good fruit. The watermelon contains no fat and cholesterol, contains a large amount of substances such as glucose, malic acid, fructose, protein amino acid, tomato essence, rich vitamin C and the like, and is a fruit product with rich nutrition, pure ingredients and safe eating.
The problem of low fruit setting rate of watermelons planted widely in China always plagues fruit growers. The low fruit setting rate of watermelons mainly has the following reasons, namely, first, climate reasons, if climate factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination and the like are not properly managed when watermelon buds are differentiated, the imbalance of the differentiation proportion of male flowers and female flowers is easy to cause, pollination is difficult, and the fruit setting rate is low. 2. The nutrition reasons are that if nutrition supplement is disregulated in the whole growth period of the watermelons, overnutrition can be caused, the seedlings grow vigorously, the reproductive growth is restrained, the nutritional growth cannot be changed to the reproductive growth, and young fruits are slow in development or drop. 3. The water content causes, the irrigation times and the water content are properly controlled, the top exuberance can be effectively controlled, the reproductive growth is promoted, and the melon sitting is facilitated. Therefore, the low fruit setting rate of the watermelons is influenced by various factors, and the key to improving the fruit setting rate of the watermelons is to promote reproductive growth of the watermelons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer which is used for promoting reproductive growth of watermelons, improving fruit setting rate, reducing deformity rate and improving acre yield.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 to 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 to 100 parts of water.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 to 0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.7 to 0.9 part of 2,4-D, 0.9 to 1.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 35 to 45 parts of sodium alginate, 12 to 18 parts of potassium fulvate and 70 to 90 parts of water.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8 part of 2,4-D, 1.0 part of naphthylacetic acid, 40 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium fulvate and 80 parts of water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing sodium alginate with water to obtain sodium alginate solution;
(2) And sequentially adding potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and compound sodium nitrophenolate into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing in step (1) is 80 to 90 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of adding the potassium fulvate in the step (2) is 80-90 ℃; the temperature of adding naphthalene acetic acid is 50-60 ℃; the temperature of adding 2,4-D is 30-40 ℃; the temperature of adding the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 20-30 ℃.
The invention also provides a use method of the watermelon fruit-preserving foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is diluted 300-500 times and then sprayed on the surfaces of leaves or fruits.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is 10-30 mL of stock solution per mu.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is used for the vine stage and/or fruiting stage of the watermelon.
The invention provides a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 to 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 to 100 parts of water. The watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer provided by the invention obviously improves the fruit setting rate and acre yield of watermelons and reduces the deformity rate. The average fruit setting rate is 96.4%, the average malformation rate is 1.9%, and the average acre yield is 7501kg.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 to 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 to 100 parts of water.
In the invention, the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 to 0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.7 to 0.9 part of 2,4-D, 0.9 to 1.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 35 to 45 parts of sodium alginate, 12 to 18 parts of potassium fulvate and 70 to 90 parts of water.
In the invention, the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8 part of 2,4-D, 1.0 part of naphthylacetic acid, 40 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium fulvate and 80 parts of water.
In the invention, the compound sodium nitrophenolate, 2,4-D, naphthylacetic acid, sodium alginate and potassium fulvate are all sold in the market.
In the present invention, the compound sodium nitrophenolate is preferably composed of 20% by weight of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, 25% by weight of o-sodium nitrophenolate and 55% by weight of sodium p-sodium nitrophenolate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing sodium alginate with water to obtain sodium alginate solution;
(2) And sequentially adding potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and compound sodium nitrophenolate into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
According to the invention, sodium alginate is mixed with water to obtain sodium alginate solution.
In the present invention, the temperature at which the sodium alginate is mixed with water is preferably 80 to 90 ℃, and more preferably 85 ℃.
In the present invention, the sodium alginate is preferably stirred when mixed with water.
In the present invention, the rotation speed of the stirring is preferably 200 to 300rpm, more preferably 250rpm.
In the present invention, the stirring time is preferably 3 to 7 minutes, more preferably 5 minutes.
After preparing sodium alginate solution, sequentially adding potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and compound sodium nitrophenolate into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
In the present invention, the temperature at the time of adding potassium fulvate is preferably 80 to 90 ℃, and more preferably 85 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature at the time of adding naphthylacetic acid is preferably 50 to 60℃and more preferably 55 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature at the time of adding 2,4-D is preferably 30 to 40℃and more preferably 35 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature at the time of adding the compound sodium nitrophenolate is preferably 20 to 30℃and more preferably 25 ℃.
In the invention, stirring is preferably carried out all the time during the sequential addition of potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and sodium nitrophenolate into the sodium alginate solution.
In the present invention, the rotation speed of the stirring is preferably 200 to 300rpm, more preferably 250rpm.
In the present invention, after adding the compound sodium nitrophenolate, stirring is preferably continued for 1 to 3 minutes, preferably 2 minutes.
In the process of preparing the watermelon fruit retention page, the watermelon fruit retention page is sequentially added into the sodium alginate solution according to the relation that the consumption of potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and compound sodium nitrophenolate is from more to less so as to ensure that all components can be uniformly mixed in the sodium alginate solution. Meanwhile, the mixing temperature is gradually reduced in the process of sequentially adding the components, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the sodium alginate solution is gradually increased along with the temperature reduction, so that the components such as potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D, compound sodium nitrophenolate and the like can be well coated by sodium alginate. After each component wrapped by sodium alginate is applied to the surface of leaf surfaces or watermelon fruits, the utilization rate of the leaf fertilizer can be effectively improved under the action of sodium alginate, and absorption and utilization are promoted.
The invention also provides a use method of the watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer is diluted 300-500 times and then sprayed on the surfaces of leaves or fruits.
In the present invention, the dilution ratio of the foliar fertilizer is preferably 350 to 450 times, more preferably 400 times.
In the invention, the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer is preferably 10-30 mL of stock solution per mu, and more preferably 20mL of stock solution per mu.
In the present invention, the foliar fertilizer is preferably used for the vine stage and/or fruiting stage of watermelon, and more preferably for the vine stage and fruiting stage.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.3 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8 part of 2,4-D, 1.0 part of naphthylacetic acid, 40 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium fulvate and 80 parts of water. The compound sodium nitrophenolate consists of 20wt% of 5-nitro guaiacol sodium, 25wt% of o-sodium nitrophenolate and 55wt% of p-sodium nitrophenolate.
Mixing sodium alginate and water at 85 ℃ and stirring at 250rpm until sodium alginate is completely dissolved, then adding potassium fulvate at the temperature, stirring at 250rpm until the potassium fulvate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 55 ℃, adding naphthalene acetic acid at 250rpm, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 35 ℃, adding 2,4-D, stirring at 250rpm until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 25 ℃, adding sodium nitrophenolate, and stirring at 250rpm for 2min until the sodium nitrophenolate is completely dissolved, thus obtaining the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
Example 2
Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 50 parts of sodium alginate, 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 100 parts of water. The compound sodium nitrophenolate consists of 20wt% of 5-nitro guaiacol sodium, 25wt% of o-sodium nitrophenolate and 55wt% of p-sodium nitrophenolate.
Mixing sodium alginate and water at 80 ℃ and stirring at 300rpm until sodium alginate is completely dissolved, then adding potassium fulvate at the temperature, stirring at 300rpm until the potassium fulvate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 50 ℃, adding naphthalene acetic acid at 300rpm, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 30 ℃, adding 2,4-D, stirring at 300rpm until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 20 ℃, adding sodium nitrophenolate, and stirring at 300rpm for 1min until the sodium nitrophenolate is completely dissolved, thus obtaining the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
Example 3
Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.1 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 part of naphthylacetic acid, 30 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 parts of water. The compound sodium nitrophenolate consists of 20wt% of 5-nitro guaiacol sodium, 25wt% of o-sodium nitrophenolate and 55wt% of p-sodium nitrophenolate.
Mixing sodium alginate and water at 90 ℃ and stirring at 200rpm for 3min until sodium alginate is completely dissolved, then adding potassium fulvate at the temperature, stirring at 200rpm until the potassium fulvate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 60 ℃, adding naphthalene acetic acid at 200rpm, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 40 ℃, adding 2,4-D, stirring at 200rpm until the sodium alginate is completely dissolved, continuously stirring until the temperature is naturally cooled to 30 ℃, adding sodium nitrophenolate, and stirring at 200rpm for 3min until the sodium nitrophenolate is completely dissolved, thus obtaining the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
Experimental example 1
The watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer prepared in examples 1 to 3 was diluted 400 times with water respectively. Is sprayed on the watermelon in the vine stage (2021, 3 months, 25, 20mL stock solution/mu) and fruiting stage (2021, 4 months, 28 days, 25mL stock solution/mu). The test is carried out in a watermelon greenhouse, and the watermelon variety is Xinhongbao watermelon. The greenhouse was divided into 3 test areas, each of which had an area of 8m×80m. The fruit setting rate and the malformation rate of the watermelons are counted in the test period, the acre yield is counted after harvest, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 fruit-retaining and yield-increasing effects of watermelon fruit-retaining foliar fertilizer
| Treatment of | Fruit setting rate/% | Rate of deformity/% | Mu yield/kg |
| Example 1 | 96.9 | 1.7 | 7538 |
| Example 2 | 96.5 | 2.1 | 7470 |
| Example 3 | 95.8 | 1.9 | 7495 |
| Average of | 96.4 | 1.9 | 7501 |
Note that: fruit setting rate% = fruit setting number/flower number x 100%; malformation% = malformed fruit number/total fruit number x 100%.
According to the past experience, the fruit setting rate of the watermelons is generally between 60 and 80 percent, the malformation rate is between 4.0 and 7.0 percent, and the acre yield is about 6000 kg. Therefore, as shown by the statistical results of table 1, the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer provided by the invention obviously improves the fruit setting rate and acre yield of watermelons and reduces the deformity rate. The average fruit setting rate is 96.4%, the average malformation rate is 1.9%, and the average acre yield is 7501kg.
Comparative example 1
In order to explore the influence of the proportioning relation of three plant hormones (sodium nitrophenolate, 2,4-D and naphthylacetic acid) on the fruit-preserving effect of watermelons, the invention provides a comparative example 1. Comprising the following two groups:
d1-1: the amount of the compound sodium nitrophenolate in example 1 was increased to 0.8 parts, 2,4-D was adjusted to 0.5 parts, and naphthylacetic acid was adjusted to 0.8 parts, the total mass of the three hormones was unchanged, and the preparation method was unchanged.
D1-2: the amount of naphthylacetic acid used in example 1 was reduced to 0.6 parts, the compound sodium nitrophenolate was adjusted to 0.5 parts, 2,4-D was adjusted to 1.0 parts, and the total mass of the three hormones was unchanged, with the preparation method unchanged.
The procedure of Experimental example 1 was followed, except that groups D1-1 and D1-2 were added. And diluting the foliar fertilizer prepared by the groups D1-1 and D1-2 by 400 times, and spraying. The fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of plant hormone ratio on fruit-protecting and yield-increasing effects of watermelon
| Treatment of | Fruit setting rate/% | Rate of deformity/% | Mu yield/kg |
| D1-1 | 85.6 | 2.9 | 7230 |
| D1-2 | 86.9 | 3.1 | 7146 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the ratio of the three hormones is adjusted, for example, D1-1 increases the proportion of the compound sodium nitrophenolate, or D1-2 decreases the proportion of the naphthylacetic acid, which can significantly affect the fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons.
Comparative example 2
In order to explore the influence of different plant hormones on the fruit retention effect of watermelons, comparative example 2 is provided. Including single plant hormone treatment and double hormone treatment.
The single plant hormone treatment comprises:
d2-1: the three phytohormones in example 1 (sodium complex nitrophenolate 0.5 parts, 2, 4-D1.0 parts, naphthalene acetic acid 1.2 parts) were replaced with 1.8 parts of sodium complex nitrophenolate;
d2-2: 2.5 parts of 2,4-D was used instead of the three phytohormones in example 1 (sodium nitrophenolate 0.5 parts, 2, 4-D1.0 parts, naphthalene acetic acid 1.2 parts);
d2-3: 2.0 parts of naphthylacetic acid was used to replace the three phytohormones (sodium nitrophenolate 0.5 parts, 2, 4-D1.0 parts, naphthylacetic acid 1.2 parts) in example 1;
the procedure of Experimental example 1 was followed, except that groups D2-1, D2-2 and D2-3 were added. And diluting the foliar fertilizer prepared by the groups D2-1, D2-2 and D2-3 by 400 times, and spraying. The fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are counted, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of single plant hormone on watermelon fruit retention and yield increase Effect
| Treatment of | Fruit setting rate/% | Rate of deformity/% | Mu yield/kg |
| D2-1 | 75.1 | 3.9 | 6352 |
| D2-2 | 74.5 | 4.1 | 6630 |
| D2-3 | 76.8 | 5.5 | 6485 |
As is clear from Table 3, the fruit setting rate and the acre yield are not obviously improved and the deformity rate is higher when the tri-plant hormone is singly applied. This shows that the three plant hormones can produce better fruit-preserving and yield-increasing effects when being used in combination.
The dual phytohormone treatment comprises
D2-4: the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the naphthylacetic acid are compounded according to the mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain 2.4 parts by mass, and the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the naphthylacetic acid are used for replacing three plant hormones (0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.0 part of 2,4-D and 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid) in the example 1.
D2-5: the compound sodium nitrophenolate and 2,4-D are compounded according to the mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain 2.5 parts by mass, and the compound sodium nitrophenolate and 2,4-D are used for replacing three plant hormones (0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.0 part of 2,4-D and 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid) in the example 1.
D2-6: 2.0 parts of 2,4-D and naphthylacetic acid are compounded according to the mass ratio of 1:1 and are used for replacing three plant hormones (0.5 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1.0 part of 2,4-D and 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid) in the example 1.
The procedure of Experimental example 1 was followed, except that groups D2-4, D2-5 and D2-6 were added. And diluting the foliar fertilizer prepared by the groups D2-4, D2-5 and D2-6 by 400 times, and spraying. The fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are counted, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of dual plant hormone on fruit-protecting and yield-increasing effects of watermelon
From the statistics of tables 3 and 4, the dual phytohormone treatment increased the fruit retention and yield of the watermelons compared to the single phytohormone treatment. However, it is notable that the treatment with the group D2-4 of the bishormones (sodium nitrophenolate and naphthylacetic acid) did not increase in terms of the fruit setting rate and acre yield of the watermelons. This suggests that 2,4-D has an important harmonizing effect in the watermelon fruit retention formula.
The amounts of the above single and double plant hormones are suitable amounts determined by a preliminary experiment, and the amounts of the above single and double plant hormones are replaced by the amounts of the above mass parts, although the amounts of the above single and double plant hormones are not replaced by the amounts of the three plant hormones in example 1.
Comparative example 3
In order to explore the influence of sodium alginate and the dosage proportion thereof on the fruit-preserving effect of watermelons, the invention provides a comparative example 3. Comprising the following steps:
d3-1: sodium alginate was omitted on the basis of example 1, and the preparation steps associated with sodium alginate were omitted;
d3-2: the amount of sodium alginate was reduced to 10 parts by mass based on example 1, with other conditions unchanged;
d3-3: the amount of sodium alginate was increased to 80 parts by mass based on example 1, with the other conditions unchanged.
The procedure of Experimental example 1 was followed, except that groups D3-1, D3-2 and D3-3 were added. And diluting the foliar fertilizer prepared by the groups D3-1, D3-2 and D3-3 by 400 times, and spraying. The fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are counted, and the results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of sodium alginate on watermelon fruit retention and yield increase Effect
| Treatment of | Fruit setting rate/% | Rate of deformity/% | Mu yield/kg |
| D3-1 | 78.6 | 3.9 | 6550 |
| D3-2 | 80.9 | 4.2 | 7030 |
| D3-3 | 75.3 | 6.4 | 6485 |
As is clear from Table 5, in the group D3-1 without sodium alginate, the fruit setting rate and the deformity rate were not significantly improved, and the yield was also at a general level. The fruit setting rate and the acre yield of the groups D3-2 and D3-3 with the addition amount of sodium alginate changed are obviously lower than those of the example 1, and the deformity rate of the group D3-3 is obviously increased. This may be related to the promotion of sodium alginate, and the adjustment of the sodium alginate addition changes the absorption and utilization efficiency of the watermelon plant to the phytohormone, so that the effective dose of the phytohormone is higher or lower, and finally the watermelon fruiting performance is reduced.
Comparative example 4
In order to explore the influence of the potassium fulvate and the dosage proportion thereof on the fruit-preserving effect of watermelons, the invention provides a comparative example 4. Comprising the following steps:
d4-1: omitting potassium fulvate on the basis of example 1 and omitting the preparation steps related to potassium fulvate;
d4-2: the amount of potassium fulvate was reduced to 5 parts by mass based on example 1, with the other conditions unchanged;
d4-3: the amount of potassium fulvate was increased to 30 parts by mass based on example 1, with the other conditions unchanged.
The procedure of Experimental example 1 was followed, except that groups D4-1, D4-2 and D4-3 were added. And diluting the foliar fertilizer prepared by the groups D4-1, D4-2 and D4-3 by 400 times, and spraying. The fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are counted, and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 influence of potassium fulvate on fruit retention and yield increase effects of watermelon
| Treatment of | Fruit setting rate/% | Rate of deformity/% | Mu yield/kg |
| D4-1 | 86.7 | 1.9 | 7188 |
| D4-2 | 88.9 | 2.2 | 7356 |
| D4-3 | 90.5 | 1.8 | 7250 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the fruit setting rate and the acre yield of the watermelons are affected to a certain extent, but the deformity rate is not affected after the potassium fulvate is omitted or the adding proportion of the potassium fulvate is changed as a functional nutrient component. Therefore, the proper addition of the potassium fulvate is beneficial to improving the fruit-preserving and yield-increasing effects of the watermelons.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example 5 was modified in the preparation method of example 1, and each component was weighed according to example 1, directly mixed with water, and stirred uniformly to obtain a foliar fertilizer.
The foliar fertilizer prepared in comparative example 5 was diluted 400 times and sprayed according to the method of experimental example 1, with the additional D5 group. And (5) counting the fruit setting rate, the malformation rate and the acre yield of the watermelons. The fruiting rate of the watermelon is 75.5%, the malformation rate is 2.9%, and the acre yield is 6698kg. The preparation method provided by the invention has a remarkable synergistic effect on improving the fruit retention and yield increase effects of the foliar fertilizer.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 to 1.0 part of 2,4-D, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 30 to 50 parts of sodium alginate, 10 to 20 parts of potassium fulvate and 50 to 100 parts of water.
2. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 to 0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.7 to 0.9 part of 2,4-D, 0.9 to 1.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 35 to 45 parts of sodium alginate, 12 to 18 parts of potassium fulvate and 70 to 90 parts of water.
3. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 2, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.3 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.8 part of 2,4-D, 1.0 part of naphthylacetic acid, 40 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium fulvate and 80 parts of water.
4. A method for preparing the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing sodium alginate with water to obtain sodium alginate solution;
(2) And sequentially adding potassium fulvate, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-D and compound sodium nitrophenolate into the sodium alginate solution to obtain the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the mixing in the step (1) is 80 to 90 ℃.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of adding the potassium fulvate in the step (2) is 80-90 ℃; the temperature of adding naphthalene acetic acid is 50-60 ℃; the temperature of adding 2,4-D is 30-40 ℃; the temperature of adding the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 20-30 ℃.
7. The watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the application method of the watermelon fruit retention foliar fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the foliar fertilizer is diluted 300 to 500 times and then sprayed on the surfaces of leaves or fruits.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in an amount of 10-30 mL of stock solution per mu.
9. The use according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the foliar fertilizer is used for the vine stage and/or fruiting stage of watermelons.
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