CN116514471B - Antifreezing and anti-cracking concrete - Google Patents
Antifreezing and anti-cracking concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN116514471B CN116514471B CN202310278162.0A CN202310278162A CN116514471B CN 116514471 B CN116514471 B CN 116514471B CN 202310278162 A CN202310278162 A CN 202310278162A CN 116514471 B CN116514471 B CN 116514471B
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- concrete
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical class NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 alcohol amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLPJNCYCZORXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-morpholin-4-ylprop-2-en-1-one Chemical group C=CC(=O)N1CCOCC1 XLPJNCYCZORXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002544 Olefin fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004767 olefin fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical group N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJNMFMSIMLIAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol ethane-1,2-diol propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound C(CO)O.N(CCO)(CCO)CCO.OCC(O)CO XJNMFMSIMLIAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZBXJXCTMBQLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.CN(C(C=C)=O)C Chemical compound C(C(=C)C)(=O)OC.CN(C(C=C)=O)C XZBXJXCTMBQLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCOKYJIOMRGFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O CC(O)=[S+]C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=S Chemical group CC(O)=[S+]C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=S GCOKYJIOMRGFOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZZUREPNXYGMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O.COC(=O)C(C)=C QZZUREPNXYGMTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical group [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00
- C08F261/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08F261/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of oxygen-containing monomers as defined in group C08F16/00 on to polymers of unsaturated alcohols on to polymers of vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
- C04B2103/0051—Water-absorbing polymers, hydrophilic polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
- C04B2103/304—Air-entrainers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to concrete, in particular to anti-freezing and anti-cracking concrete, modified fibers, an anti-freezing agent and a stream polymer are added into concrete raw materials, wherein the water-absorbing polymer is a polyacrylamide polymer, and a branched chain of the water-absorbing polymer is grafted with polyvinyl alcohol. The anti-freezing concrete provided by the application has stronger anti-cracking performance, can still realize low-temperature construction under the conditions of high grade and low water-cement ratio, and still has better construction performance under the conditions of lower than 0 ℃ and even-20 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to concrete, in particular to anti-freezing and anti-cracking concrete.
Background
During the construction process of the concrete, the silicon-calcium gel is formed in the system through hydration reaction, which is also the key of the strength of the concrete. In the hydration process, the reaction is continuously exothermic, so that the hydration reaction is further promoted to further continuously coagulate the concrete, and therefore, the temperature control is an important ring in the concrete engineering.
However, most concrete construction projects are carried out outdoors, and in part of areas and part of time, the external cold environment can cause the slow rate of concrete hydration reaction or even incomplete hydration, so that constructors are required to additionally provide heat sources and even adjust construction periods, and the construction cost and the construction efficiency are seriously affected.
In the prior art, besides adopting modes of electric heating, hydrothermal and the like to improve the construction temperature, the concrete can still smoothly generate hydration reaction at a lower temperature by adding part of antifreezing agent. The antifreeze generally includes an antifreeze component for lowering the freezing point or generating heat, an early strength component for accelerating the hydration rate, and a water reducing agent. However, at present, the early strength agent has a certain influence on the concrete processing performance, especially on the concrete with high strength and grade, and the fluidity and workability of the concrete with high grade are obviously weakened after the antifreezing agent is added, so that the construction of the concrete with high grade at low temperature is still a difficult problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The application relates to an antifreezing anti-cracking concrete which has stronger anti-cracking performance, can still realize low-temperature construction under the conditions of high grade and low water-gel ratio, and still has better construction performance under the conditions of lower than 0 ℃ and even-20 ℃. The application relates to an antifreezing and anti-cracking concrete which adopts the following technical scheme:
the antifreezing and anti-cracking concrete comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2-5 parts of water-absorbing polymer;
10-20 parts of modified fiber;
500-550 parts of coarse aggregate;
360-440 parts of fine aggregate;
350-380 parts of cement
5-10 Parts of polycarboxylate water reducer;
1-2 parts of rosin ester air entraining agent
The water-gel ratio is 0.3-0.5 after water is added;
The anti-freezing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1-3 parts of organic alcohol amine;
0.1-1 part of polyalcohol;
the antifreezing agent does not contain inorganic salt antifreezing agents;
The modified fiber is obtained by crosslinking and modifying at least one of poly aliphatic olefin fiber, poly aromatic olefin fiber, polyester fiber and polyurethane fiber with an organosilicon compound;
the water-absorbing polymer is polyacrylamide polymer, and the branched chain of the water-absorbing polymer is grafted with polyvinyl alcohol.
In the system, the water-absorbing polymer can play a role in water retention, and in the construction process, the water-absorbing polymer can absorb and store a certain amount of water, so that hydration reaction can occur under a controllable condition, and the effect of optimizing the concrete processability is achieved. As inorganic salt does not exist in the system, the polyacrylamide polymer grafted with polyvinyl alcohol can well exert the water absorption performance, the phenomena of flocculation reaction and the like which are not easy to induce rapid generation in concrete are avoided, and the reduction of the ionic strength in the system is also beneficial to the better exerting of the reinforcing effect of the modified fiber. After the organic silicon is modified, the modified fiber can be better combined with an inorganic phase in a concrete system, so that the cracking phenomenon caused by uneven hydration of the concrete due to low temperature is reduced, and the effects of freezing resistance and cracking resistance are achieved.
In high-grade concrete, the cement-water ratio and the fluidity are generally poor, and the phenomena are more likely to cause fine ice crystals in the concrete at low temperature, so that the concrete is likely to generate phenomena of cracking, incomplete hydration reaction, uneven coagulation and the like when the concrete is coagulated at low temperature. Besides good water absorbability, the system of the polyacrylamide grafted polyvinyl alcohol has better compatibility with inorganic phase, and the larger molecular surface area of the system can form bridging phenomenon among particles, and a water system without ice crystals is provided among the bridged particles, so that the smooth progress of hydration reaction is ensured.
Preferably, the polyacrylamide polymer comprises the following monomers: any alkyl substituted or unsubstituted acrylamide monomer, any alkyl substituted or unsubstituted acrylate monomer, and maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer, wherein the molar ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the acrylate monomer, and the maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer is from 10:1 to 2:0.5 to 1, wherein the acrylate monomer may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl, alkoxy, and the acrylamide monomer may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted with alkyl on nitrogen.
Preferably, in the water-absorbent polymer, the polyvinyl alcohol is PVA0399 or PVA0499.
Preferably, the water-absorbing polymer is prepared as follows: after dissolving and mixing acrylamide monomers in proportion, carrying out prepolymerization treatment through a catalyst and a RAFT reagent for 5-10 h, adding alkyl substituted acrylate monomers and maleic anhydride after prepolymerization, and continuously reacting for 2-5 h to obtain a prepolymerization product, wherein the temperature of the step is controlled to be not higher than 70 ℃;
Separating the prepolymerization product, adding the prepolymerization product into a mixed system of polyvinyl alcohol and water, adding an initiator, reacting for 8-15 h at 50-60 ℃, and then separating the product to obtain the water-absorbing polymer.
Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sum of the mass of the acrylamide monomer, the acrylate monomer and the mass of the maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer is 0.02-0.2:1.
Preferably, the acrylate monomer is at least one of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate and methyl ethacrylate.
Preferably, the diameter of the modified fiber before modification is not more than 0.1mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 100-1000.
Preferably, the modified fiber is obtained by crosslinking and modifying polyurethane fiber and an organosilicon compound.
Preferably, the slag powder also comprises 10 to 30 parts by mass of slag powder.
Preferably, the antifreezing agent further comprises 5-8 parts by mass of hydroxyl silicone oil.
The concrete prepared by the proportion can be normally constructed at the low temperature below minus 10 ℃, the concrete with the compressive strength of more than 50mPa can be prepared by adopting high-grade cement, the cement-cement ratio is low, and meanwhile, the concrete has good fluidity, and the problem that the high-strength concrete is difficult to construct in the low-temperature state caused by the difficulty in applying the high-grade cement at the low temperature is overcome.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described through the following specific embodiments.
The preparation examples A1 to A14 are antifreezing agents added into concrete, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
According to the proportion shown in Table 1, under the protection of nitrogen, dissolving an acrylamide monomer in dioxane, adding a catalyst and a RAFT reagent, reacting for 8 hours at 70 ℃, then adding an acrylic ester monomer and maleic anhydride, continuing to react for 5 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain a prepolymer;
the prepolymer is added into water, heated to be dissolved, added with polyvinyl alcohol and an initiator, reacted for 8 hours at 50 ℃, and then the water is distilled off in vacuum, thus obtaining the water-absorbing polymer.
TABLE 1 mass ratio (unit: g) of water-absorbent polymer raw materials
Wherein the catalyst is AIBN, the dosage is 0.5g, the initiator is ammonium persulfate, the dosage is 0.1g, the dosage of dioxane is 300mL, the dosage of water is 350mL, the RAFT reagent is S- (thiobenzoyl) thioacetic acid, and the dosage is 1.5g.
The acrylamide monomer is acrylamide, the acrylic acid ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, and the polyvinyl alcohol is PVA0339.
On the basis of preparation A2, equimolar amounts of the different monomer types were exchanged, giving preparations A15 to A4, the details of which are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 selection of different preparation examples monomers
| Numbering device | Acrylamide monomer | Acrylic ester monomer |
| A15 | N-acryloylmorpholine | Methyl methacrylate |
| A16 | N, N-dimethylacrylamide | Methyl methacrylate |
| A17 | N-phenyl methacrylamide | Methyl methacrylate |
| A18 | Methacrylamide | Methyl methacrylate |
| A19 | Ethylacrylamide | Methyl methacrylate |
| A20 | N-acryloylmorpholine | Ethyl methyl acrylate |
| A21 | N-acryloylmorpholine | Methacrylic acid ethyl ester |
| A22 | Acrylamide | Ethyl methyl acrylate |
| A23 | Acrylamide | Isopropyl methacrylate |
| A24 | N-acryloylmorpholine | Isopropyl ethacrylate |
Further, the preparation method of preparation example A2 was adjusted to obtain the following preparation example.
Preparation 25, the method of preparation is as follows: under the protection of nitrogen, dissolving an acrylamide monomer into dioxane, adding a catalyst and a RAFT reagent, reacting for 10 hours at 70 ℃, then adding an acrylic ester monomer and maleic anhydride, continuously reacting for 2 hours, and distilling under reduced pressure to remove a solvent to obtain a prepolymer;
the prepolymer is added into water, heated to be dissolved, added with polyvinyl alcohol and an initiator, reacted for 15 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, and then the water is distilled off in vacuum, thus obtaining the water-absorbing polymer.
Preparation examples B1 to B8 are modification of fibers, in which the fibers are crosslinked and modified with silicone, and the specific method is as follows: the fiber was immersed in an aqueous solution containing a silane coupling agent at a concentration of 0.1g/L and an amount of 5g/L.
Preparation examples A26 to 28 were replaced with different polyvinyl alcohols of equal mass based on preparation example A2, and the following was concrete.
In preparation example A26, PVA0499 was used as the polyvinyl alcohol.
In preparation example A27, PVA1799 was used as the polyvinyl alcohol.
In preparation example A28, PVA2299 was used as the polyvinyl alcohol.
The types and aspect ratios of the fibers selected in B1 to B8 are shown in Table 3.
Table 3, fiber characteristics table
On the basis of the above preparation examples, the following examples can be prepared.
In examples 1 to 25, the water-absorbent polymers in preparation examples A1 to A25 were used, respectively, and the fibers in preparation example B-7 were used.
Table 4, the proportions (parts by mass) of the components in examples 1 to 28
| Coarse aggregate | 500 |
| Fine aggregate | 440 |
| Cement and its preparation method | 350 |
| Polycarboxylate water reducer | 5 |
| Rosin ester air entraining agent | 1 |
| Water and its preparation method | 175 |
| Antifreezing agent | 2 |
| Water-absorbing polymers | 2 |
| Fiber | 10 |
The antifreeze shown in the embodiment 1 to 28 has 1 part by mass of triethanolamine and 1 part by mass of ethylene glycol.
Example 29 the fiber of preparation B1 was selected for equal mass of fiber based on example 2.
Example 30 the fiber of preparation example B2 was selected for equal mass based on example 2.
Example 31 the fiber of preparation B3 was selected for equal mass of fiber based on example 2.
Example 32 the fiber of preparation B4 was selected for equal mass of fiber based on example 2.
Example 33 the fiber of preparation example B5 was selected for equal mass based on example 2.
Example 34 the fiber of preparation B6 was selected for equal mass on the basis of example 2.
Example 35 the fiber of preparation B8 was selected for equal mass on the basis of example 2.
Example 36 the fiber of preparation B9 was selected for equal mass on the basis of example 2.
Example 37 based on example 2, unmodified polyurethane fibers with an average diameter of 0.1mm and an average length of 69mm were used.
The antifreeze shown in Table 5 is specifically modified in examples 38 to 44.
Table 5, antifreeze shown in examples 38-44 according to the proportion (parts by mass)
| Numbering device | Triethanolamine salt | Ethylene glycol | Glycerol | Hydroxy silicone oil |
| Example 38 | 1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 39 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 40 | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Example 41 | 1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Example 42 | 3 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Example 43 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Example 44 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
Wherein the viscosity of the hydroxy silicone oil is 20cps.
Examples 45 to 47 were prepared by adjusting the overall material ratios based on example 2, and the specific ratios are shown in table 6.
Table 6, the concrete overall composition (parts by mass)
In the above examples, each material had the following properties.
The cement was 625 cement.
The fine aggregate is machine-made sand, the coarse aggregate is pebble, and the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate are continuous grading.
The rosin ester air entraining agent is sodium abietate.
The polycarboxylic acid water reducer is
The rest components are all commercially available.
The preparation method of the concrete comprises the following steps:
the materials were mixed and then added to a stirrer, stirred at a stirring speed of 45rpm for 20s, stirred at a stirring speed of 30rpm for 17s, and then discharged, and then cured at-20℃and the relevant properties were measured.
The properties of the concrete were measured as follows.
1. Mechanical properties the compressive strength of the above-mentioned concretes 7d and 28d was measured.
2. Freeze thawing resistance: the antifreeze grade of concrete is determined with reference to GB 50164. Because of the large error in freeze thawing experiments, 15 samples were measured for each measurement and the median was taken.
3. The processing performance is as follows: slump of the concrete at-20℃was measured while observing cohesiveness thereof when not cured.
First, the experimental results of examples 1 to 28 were measured and specifically shown in table 7.
Table 7, examples 1 to 28 Experimental results
In the above-described examples, the polymer composition of the water absorbent resin was mainly adjusted. The water-absorbent resin system composed of the acrylamide, the acrylic acid ester and the maleic anhydride has good effects of improving the freeze-thawing resistance and the low-temperature fluidity, and the water-absorbent resin system does not contain inorganic salt and is also helpful for reducing the corrosion of the concrete to internal metal structures (such as steel bars).
The richer grid structure formed by adding the polyvinyl alcohol is favorable for improving the water retention performance, and meanwhile, the volume change in the system is reduced in the low-temperature environment and the freeze thawing process, so that the fluidity and the freeze thawing resistance are greatly improved. The mixing of the three monomers and the re-grafting of acrylic acid are necessary conditions for the above effect. The maleic anhydride monomer provides good grafting capability and good compatibility, so that the formed water absorption is better mixed in a system of concrete. The proportion of the acrylamide monomer and the acrylic ester is used for balancing the alkalinity of the amide group, so that the influence on the coagulation hydration process is reduced. The data show that all three monomers play an important role. However, too much acrylic monomer may cause deterioration of cohesiveness in the system. Too much maleic anhydride can result in increased system stiffness, reduced elasticity, no obvious change in strength but poor freeze-thaw resistance.
In examples 15 to 24, different acrylamide monomers and acrylic acid ester monomers were exchanged, and it was found that when acrylamide and acryloylmorpholine were used as the acrylamide monomers, the overall antifreeze effect was optimal, wherein the acryloylmorpholine monomers had stronger freeze resistance than acrylamide, but the advantage was not obvious, and the cost of acryloylmorpholine was higher, so that the subsequent experiments were carried out using acrylamide monomers. Comparing examples 26 to 28 with example 2, it can be seen that the polyvinyl alcohol is suitably selected from the two types 0399 and 0499, and the polyvinyl alcohol with too large molecular weight has too high water absorption, which results in poor fluidity and poor processability.
The experimental data of examples 29 to 45 are shown in Table 8.
Table 8, examples 29 to 37 Experimental results
In examples 29 to 37, different fibers were adjusted, wherein the unmodified fibers were significantly inferior in strength to the silane-modified fibers, and among many fibers, polyurethane fibers were reinforced while helping to reduce internal cracking, and had certain advantages in terms of both freezing resistance and workability, because of their better elasticity and softness.
The freezing point regulator can be used by triethanolamine and polyalcohol in examples 38-45, which can reduce the formation of ice crystals in concrete, and the hydroxyl silicone oil has good lubricating property, and the additional experiments prove that the hydroxyl silicone oil has good fluidity improvement and cracking reduction effects when the viscosity is not higher than 50 cps.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (7)
1. The antifreezing and anti-cracking concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
2-5 parts of water-absorbing polymer;
10-20 parts of fiber;
500-550 parts of coarse aggregate;
360-440 parts of fine aggregate;
350-380 parts of cement
5-10 Parts of polycarboxylate water reducer;
1-2 parts of rosin ester air entraining agent
The water-gel ratio is 0.3-0.5 after water is added;
The anti-freezing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1-3 parts of organic alcohol amine;
0.1-1 part of polyalcohol;
the antifreezing agent does not contain inorganic salt antifreezing agents;
the fiber is obtained by crosslinking and modifying at least one of polyurethane fiber, polyester fiber and polyaromatic olefin fiber with an organosilicon compound; the diameter of the fiber before modification is not more than 0.1mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 100-1000;
the water-absorbing polymer is polyacrylamide polymer, and a branched chain of the water-absorbing polymer is grafted with polyvinyl alcohol;
The polyacrylamide polymer comprises the following monomers: an optionally alkyl substituted or unsubstituted acrylamide monomer, an optionally alkyl substituted or unsubstituted acrylate monomer, a maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer, wherein the molar ratio of the acrylamide monomer, the acrylate monomer, and the maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer is from 10:1 to 2:0.5 to 1, wherein the acrylate monomer may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted with an alkyl, an alkoxy, and the acrylamide monomer may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted with an alkyl on nitrogen; the polyvinyl alcohol is PVA0399 or PVA0499.
2. The antifreeze crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymer is prepared by the following method: after dissolving and mixing acrylamide monomers in proportion, carrying out prepolymerization treatment through a catalyst and a RAFT reagent for 5-10 h, adding alkyl substituted acrylate monomers and maleic anhydride after prepolymerization, and continuously reacting for 2-5 h to obtain a prepolymerization product, wherein the temperature of the step is controlled to be not higher than 70 ℃;
Separating the prepolymerization product, adding the prepolymerization product into a mixed system of polyvinyl alcohol and water, adding an initiator, reacting for 8-15 h at 50-60 ℃, and then separating the product to obtain the water-absorbing polymer.
3. The antifreeze crack-resistant concrete according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sum of the mass of the acrylamide monomer, the acrylate monomer and the maleic acid/maleic anhydride monomer is 0.005-0.01:1.
4. The antifreeze crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the acrylate monomer is at least one of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate and methyl ethacrylate, and the acrylamide monomer is N-acryloylmorpholine or acrylamide.
5. An antifreeze crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the fibres are polyurethane fibres.
6. The antifreeze and crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, further comprising 10 to 30 parts by mass of slag micropowder.
7. The antifreeze crack-resistant concrete according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze further comprises 5 to 8 parts by mass of hydroxyl silicone oil.
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| JPH08157823A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-06-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Cb mortar composition and suppression of permeation of cb mortar and fixing foundation structure in soil |
| US6069196A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 2000-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Molded articles for photographic photo-sensitive materials |
| WO2005092816A2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-10-06 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of polymer powder compositions that can be redispersed in water for loam construction materials |
| CN109796163A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-05-24 | 浙江三门永泰建材有限公司 | A kind of anti-shrinkage concrete and its preparation process |
| CN112851180A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-28 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Viscosity and shrinkage stress reducing additive for prefabricated thin-wall structure concrete and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6069196A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 2000-05-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Molded articles for photographic photo-sensitive materials |
| JPH08157823A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-06-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Cb mortar composition and suppression of permeation of cb mortar and fixing foundation structure in soil |
| WO2005092816A2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-10-06 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Use of polymer powder compositions that can be redispersed in water for loam construction materials |
| CN109796163A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-05-24 | 浙江三门永泰建材有限公司 | A kind of anti-shrinkage concrete and its preparation process |
| CN112851180A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-28 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Viscosity and shrinkage stress reducing additive for prefabricated thin-wall structure concrete and preparation method thereof |
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