CN116500699A - Fracture body identification and characterization method for fracture and crack development area - Google Patents
Fracture body identification and characterization method for fracture and crack development area Download PDFInfo
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- CN116500699A CN116500699A CN202310588482.6A CN202310588482A CN116500699A CN 116500699 A CN116500699 A CN 116500699A CN 202310588482 A CN202310588482 A CN 202310588482A CN 116500699 A CN116500699 A CN 116500699A
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- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 175
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture body identification and depiction method for fracture and fracture development areas, which belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir exploration and development, and utilizes the advantages of high-precision three-dimensional seismic data coverage to tightly combine geological-logging-geophysical prospecting analysis methods and restrict each other to form a set of key technology for identifying and depicting fracture bodies by a point-line-surface-system, and utilizes the technologies of fusion data bodies, fracture hollowed-out, attribute characteristic value difference analysis and the like to define reasonable threshold values, and combines sand body distribution to carry out three-dimensional fine carving on the fracture bodies so as to define the spread form of the fracture bodies in space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil reservoir exploration and development, in particular to a fracture body identification and characterization method of a fracture development area.
Background
In the oil-gas basin, the development characteristics of fracture and crack have important control function on the oil and gas reservoir, and can be used as an migration channel and also can form an oil reservoir trap. From the current global production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the hydrocarbon reservoirs affected by fractures and fissures account for approximately half of the total resources. The fracture and the crack form are various, the formation mechanism is different, the stress property is complex, and the distribution state of the underground fracture and the crack is unknown, so that the fracture and the crack form a serious difficulty in oil and gas exploration and development research.
Aiming at a reservoir layer with fracture and cracks commonly developed in an oil-gas basin, a fracture body concept is introduced, namely, a tight low-permeability sandstone is taken as a basic geological unit, and the side surface and the upper part of the reservoir body formed by fracture and the transformation of an associated fracture zone are plugged by the tight layer, the impermeable mudstone and the like. At present, although partial scholars have described and researched fracture bodies through different means such as logging, earthquake and the like, the fracture bodies are generally in a primary stage, and well shocks are not effectively combined to form a research technology of a system.
Therefore, a brand new method for identifying and describing the broken seam body is provided, the broken seam body is subjected to three-dimensional fine engraving, and the spread form of the broken seam body in space is clarified, so that the problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a fracture body identification and characterization method for fracture development areas, which combines geology-logging-geophysical prospecting analysis methods tightly and restricts each other to form a set of fracture body identification and characterization technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fracture body identification and characterization method for fracture and crack development areas comprises the following steps:
finely explaining fracture and crack band distribution characteristics in a research area, and defining a fracture plane boundary in the research area according to an explanation result;
delineating fracture body section boundaries in a research area based on a maximum likelihood method;
and the broken seam body plane boundary and the broken seam body section boundary are combined with the sand body spread cloth to delineate the broken seam body.
Preferably, the fine explanation of fracture and fracture zone distribution characteristics in the investigation region delineates fracture body plane boundaries in the investigation region, comprising:
the distribution characteristics of fracture and fracture zones in the research area are finely explained by combining three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake, and superposition calibration and correction are carried out; and further performing superposition analysis on the development characteristics of the sand body in the research area and the corrected fracture-crack to complete the delineation of the plane boundary of the fracture body.
Preferably, the method for carrying out fine explanation on fracture and fracture zone distribution characteristics in the research area by combining three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake comprises the following steps:
in the aspect of geology, determining the influence range of fracture on a fracture zone according to the fracture density and the distance from fracture;
in the aspect of real drilling, determining the development limit of a fracture zone according to the real drilling fracture points;
and in the aspect of earthquake, obtaining a maximum likelihood body threshold value through maximum likelihood body analysis, and delineating the plane boundary of the fracture body according to the maximum likelihood body threshold value.
Preferably, the delineating the fracture plane boundary according to the maximum likelihood body threshold value includes: and when the maximum likelihood body threshold value is greater than 0.1, the boundary of the fracture body is obtained.
Preferably, the fracture plane boundary delineation is performed in three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake, and meanwhile, the calibration is performed by using rock core, logging and real drilling data.
Preferably, delineating fracture body section boundaries in the investigation region based on a maximum likelihood method comprises:
firstly, delineating a fracture development zone on a seismic section by using a maximum likelihood method, and predicting a fracture development range; then further interactively verifying the specification with the sand body spreading; and performing verification calibration by combining geological drilling and logging analysis, and finally defining the section boundary of the fracture body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a fracture body identification and characterization method for fracture and crack development areas, which utilizes the advantages of high-precision three-dimensional seismic data coverage, closely combines geological-logging-geophysical prospecting analysis methods, restricts and limits the methods to each other to form a set of key technology for identifying and characterizing the fracture body by a point-line-surface-system, utilizes the technologies of fusion data body, fracture hollowed-out, attribute characteristic value difference analysis and the like to limit reasonable threshold values, combines sand body distribution to carry out three-dimensional fine carving on the fracture body, and determines the spread form of the fracture body in space.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the distribution relation of fracture density and fracture distance, and fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the distance between the main fractures in NW direction and NE direction and the real-drilled fracture points;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of well-to-seismic joint fracture boundary resolution;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a boundary delineation result of a fracture body section;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional characterization result diagram of the fracture body.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fracture body identification and characterization method of a fracture development area, which comprises the steps of firstly, determining the boundary of the fracture body and determining the development range of the fracture body. The development boundaries of the fracture are delineated from planes and sections, respectively, using a method of combining earthquake, geology, drilling and logging, see fig. 1.
Basic geological data (such as data of surface outcrop, core observation of cracks, imaging logging interpretation of the cracks and the like) are utilized to conduct detailed study on basic characteristics (such as characteristics of crack density, trend, opening degree and the like) of the cracks, and conventional logging parameters (such as resistivity, acoustic time difference and the like) are combined to conduct quantitative identification on a crack development section, namely specific numerical values of the corresponding logging parameters of the crack development section are determined. Meanwhile, based on the seismic data, the crack is detected by 5 methods (coherence, curvature gradient, and the like), five explanation results are compared and analyzed, and finally, the crack detection is performed by a maximum likelihood method is preferred. Based on the three-dimensional seismic data, the fracture of the block is finely interpreted. And when the fracture and the crack are explained, the result of the explanation is checked by using imaging logging, rock core observation and real drilling crack, so that the reasonable and accurate explanation is ensured. Finally, according to the definition of the fracture body, the sand body spread cloth is combined to carry out delineation and three-dimensional fine painting on the fracture body.
Specifically, the well logging crack identification in fig. 1, the crack detection by 5 methods, and the seismic fracture identification are used for delineating the plane boundary of the fracture body, and the maximum likelihood method and the seismic fracture identification are used for delineating the section boundary of the fracture body.
Further, in the process of defining the plane boundary of the fracture body, three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake are integrated to carry out fine explanation on fracture and fracture zone distribution characteristics in a research area, obtain fracture logging response characteristics and carry out quantitative description on fracture parameters, and the method is specifically as follows:
geology, mainly carries out intersection analysis by fracture density and distance from fracture, thereby the influence scope of fracture on the fracture zone is decided. From the distribution of the fracture density and the fracture distance counted by the core and the imaging logging (fig. 2 (a)), the correlation is better, the closer to the main fracture, the more the fracture develops, the higher the density value is, the lower the fracture development degree is, the influence range of the main fracture is limited to be within 3200m, the nearest 15m to the main fracture is the closest 15m, the corresponding fracture density is 3.2 pieces/m, the maximum 3200m is the corresponding fracture density value is 0.16 pieces/m, and the fracture hardly develops.
In the real drilling process, the real drilling crack point can objectively and truly determine the development limit of the fracture zone. At the same time, statistical analysis is carried out on the distances between the main fractures of the NW direction and the NE direction and the real drill fracture points respectively (fig. 2 (b)), and the results show that the fracture sweep range of the NE direction fracture and the NW direction fracture is generally within 3000m, and the regional fracture beyond the range is generally underdeveloped. Comprehensively analyzing the distribution distance of the NW direction and the NE direction to the real-drilling fracture point, and considering that the sweep range of the main fracture to the fracture zone is 2200m, the region with a longer distance mainly develops a plurality of diagenetic joints and joint joints, is irrelevant to the construction activity, and has little influence of the main fracture.
In the aspect of seismic interpretation, a fracture boundary is defined by analyzing a plurality of attributes, preferably a maximum likelihood (fault likelihood), wherein the fracture boundary is the maximum likelihood threshold value which is larger than 0.1, the development degree of fracture is intuitively displayed by utilizing color display, and red, yellow and green areas indicate the development range of a fracture zone, namely the fracture boundary, of the fracture. Meanwhile, the interpretation results are checked by using the imaging logging, core fracture and real drilling fracture point conditions of the HH26 and other wells, and the interpretation results are completely matched. From measurements (fig. 3), the range of the fracture zones varies from several hundred meters to more than two thousand meters, but is generally within 2500 m.
And when the three aspects are combined, the fracture boundary delineation is performed, and meanwhile, the data such as the rock core, the well logging, the real drilling and the like are utilized for demarcation.
In general, the fracture body plane boundary delineation flow is:
firstly, the distribution characteristics of fracture and fracture zones in a region are explained finely, and superposition calibration and correction are carried out by using data such as rock cores, well logging, real drilling and the like. Core observation cracks, actual drilling crack points and imaging logging interpretation cracks serve as reliable bases for crack judgment. Based on fracture and crack interpretation, the method utilizes imaging logging, core observation and real drilling cracks to carry out superposition calibration and correction on the interpreted fracture and crack, and ensures reasonable and accurate interpretation results.
And then, further overlapping and analyzing the development characteristics of the sand body in the research area and the corrected fracture-crack, namely finishing the boundary delineation of the fracture body on the plane, wherein in the actual detection process, the development characteristics of the sand body refer to the spreading form and development area of the sand body in the block. The fracture body is formed by the fracture and the sand body, so that further correction and verification of the sand body are required on the basis of fracture and fracture ring setting.
On the section, a fracture development zone is defined on the seismic section by using a maximum likelihood method, and a fracture development range is predicted. And then further interactively verifying the definition with the reservoir (sand spread). And performing verification calibration by combining means such as geological drilling, logging analysis and the like, and finally, delineating a fracture boundary in the longitudinal direction (figure 4), wherein figures 4(1), (2) and (3) respectively represent three different longitudinal sections, particularly the section at the red line position at the lower left corner of the figure.
The principle of predicting the crack development range is that a fracture development zone is defined in a seismic section by using a maximum likelihood method: likelihoods are based on similarity (sembalance) calculations, and the specific formulas are as follows:
in the above formula, S is similarity, and the numerical range is 0-1; g is a three-dimensional seismic data volume; (. Cndot. s To perform structural steering smoothing on seismic data volumes within brackets; [] f To filter again along the fracture strike and dip, for enhanced S stability.
The calculation formula of the Likelihood attribute is as follows:
L＝1-S 8 (2)；
the above formula shows that the Likelihood attribute is the difference between the exponent power of the Semblance attribute and 1, the numerical range is 0-1, and the Likelihood attribute has an obvious amplifying effect on the similarity comparison relationship between adjacent sample points, so that the phenomenon of cracking is more favorable. According to equation (2), the Likelihood property can also be expressed as the probability of crack development at the sample point. The more continuous the same phase axis of the earthquake is, the larger the similarity attribute S is, the smaller the L attribute is, namely the less development of cracks is caused; at the break point, the continuity of the same phase axis of the earthquake is poor, S is small, the L attribute is large, and the possibility of the existence of cracks is increased.
And (5) carrying out fine characterization on the three-dimensional spread cloth of the fracture body through delineation of the plane and the section boundary of the fracture body and combining with the spread cloth of the sand body to obtain the three-dimensional spread cloth (figure 5).
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The fracture body identification and characterization method for the fracture and crack development area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
finely explaining fracture and crack band distribution characteristics in a research area, and defining a fracture plane boundary in the research area according to an explanation result;
delineating fracture body section boundaries in a research area based on a maximum likelihood method;
and the broken seam body plane boundary and the broken seam body section boundary are combined with the sand body spread cloth to delineate the broken seam body.
2. The method for identifying and describing the fracture body of the fracture and crack development zone according to claim 1, wherein the method for finely interpreting the fracture and crack band distribution characteristics in the research zone and defining the fracture body plane boundary in the research zone according to the interpretation result comprises the following steps:
the distribution characteristics of fracture and fracture zones in the research area are finely explained by combining three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake, and superposition calibration and correction are carried out; and further superposing the development characteristics of the sand body in the research area and the corrected fracture-crack to complete the delineation of the plane boundary of the fracture body.
3. The method for identifying and describing the fracture body of the fracture and fracture development zone according to claim 2, wherein the method for finely explaining the fracture and fracture zone distribution characteristics in the research zone by combining three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake comprises the following steps:
in the aspect of geology, determining the influence range of fracture on a fracture zone according to the fracture density and the distance from fracture;
in the aspect of real drilling, determining the development limit of a fracture zone according to the real drilling fracture points;
in the aspect of earthquake, a maximum likelihood body threshold value is obtained through a maximum likelihood body, and the fracture body plane boundary is delineated according to the maximum likelihood body threshold value.
4. A method of identifying and delineating a fracture body of a fracture and fracture development zone according to claim 3, wherein delineating the fracture body plane boundary based on the maximum likelihood body threshold comprises: and when the maximum likelihood body threshold value is greater than 0.1, the boundary of the fracture body is obtained.
5. The method for identifying and describing the fracture body of the fracture and fracture development area according to claim 3, wherein the method is characterized in that the rock core, logging and real drilling data are used for calibrating while the plane boundary of the fracture body is defined in three aspects of geology, real drilling and earthquake.
6. The method for identifying and characterizing a fracture body of a fracture and fracture development zone according to claim 1, wherein defining fracture body section boundaries in a study zone based on a maximum likelihood method comprises:
firstly, delineating a fracture development zone on a seismic section by using a maximum likelihood method, and predicting a fracture development range; and then correcting and verifying by combining sand spreading, verifying and calibrating by combining geological drilling and logging analysis, and finally defining the section boundary of the fracture body.
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Application publication date: 20230728 |