CN116500536A - Method for electric energy meter direct current and even harmonic influence test and alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device - Google Patents
Method for electric energy meter direct current and even harmonic influence test and alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116500536A CN116500536A CN202310402846.7A CN202310402846A CN116500536A CN 116500536 A CN116500536 A CN 116500536A CN 202310402846 A CN202310402846 A CN 202310402846A CN 116500536 A CN116500536 A CN 116500536A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/04—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of instruments for measuring time integral of power or current
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing direct current and even harmonic influence of an electric energy meter and an alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device. According to the method, a mode that an AC/DC electric energy meter testing device is directly connected with a tested meter is adopted, and a current source sampling end of the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device is directly connected with a half-wave current source to conduct direct current and even harmonic influence tests of the electric energy meter to be tested. In the method for testing the direct current and even harmonic influence of the electric energy meter, the tested meter and the alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device measure the same current, the current signal has no shunt problem, the problem of balancing impedance is also avoided, and the problem of debugging of impedance symmetry is solved from the source. Meanwhile, the linear constant current source is used as an input current source, so that the problems of waveform distortion and nonstandard direct current and harmonic content are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a standard test method of alternating current measuring equipment, in particular to a method for testing direct current and even harmonic influence of an electric energy meter and an alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device.
Background
According to the requirements of the national standard GB/T17215.321-2008 alternating current measuring equipment, the 21 st part and the static active electric energy meter (1 level and 2 level), the static active electric energy meter needs to pass direct current and even harmonic influence tests. The test circuit is shown in figure 1, and the amplitude of the alternating current before rectification is Imax +.The power factor of the test current and test voltage is 1.0, the error change caused by the level 1 table is not more than 3.0%, and the error change caused by the level 2 table is not more than 6.0%. The influence scale of the direct current and even harmonic influence test is as follows:
table 1 influence scale
The test was performed using the test line of fig. 1, using an ac constant current source to generate a sine wave, and two pairs of diodes to divide the sine wave into positive and negative half waves. The half-wave generation mode needs balanced impedance, adopts the same type of electric energy meter and the same type of diode, and introduces a resistor RB, so that two positive and negative currents are symmetrical. Thus, this test method has the following disadvantages:
1. it is difficult to ensure that the impedance of the positive and negative half-wave loops is symmetrical, and the influence of the degree of symmetry on error measurement is not well estimated. For example, in actual operation, the test chart passes a positive half-wave current of 30A, while the balance impedance passes a negative half-wave current of 29A.
2. The alternating current constant current source in the test line is limited by power (generally less than 500W), the maximum current of the direct access type electric energy meter is 60A or 100A, so the voltage amplitude output by the constant current source is generally less than 10V, but the current output by the direct access type electric energy meter has larger waveform distortion due to the existence of the conducting voltage (generally 0.7V) of the diode, and the duration of the current output is less than 10ms. Therefore, the waveform of the test current does not meet the specification of fig. 2, and the fundamental wave content, the direct current content, and the respective subharmonic content of the test current do not meet the requirements of fig. 3.
3. The standard electric energy meter adopted in the test circuit can only measure sine wave current because of adopting a current transformer for sampling, and huge measurement errors can be generated if half wave current is measured, so that the accurate requirement of the standard electric energy meter can not be met. The existing test circuit is used for measuring the total electric energy value of the positive half-wave circuit and the negative half-wave circuit, although the current measured by the standard meter is sine wave, the measured power and electric energy are accurate, but the problem of balanced impedance still exists, so that the measured data is not easy to correct the error of the tested meter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method and a device for testing the influence of direct current and even harmonic waves of an electric energy meter, which have simple test circuits and high test efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: the technical scheme adopted by the invention is an alternating current/direct current electric energy meter testing device which comprises a digital circuit, an analog signal acquisition circuit and a power supply circuit;
the digital circuit comprises a first microcontroller and a first controller peripheral circuit for realizing a main function, a second microcontroller and a second controller peripheral circuit for realizing a matched function, and a programmable logic device for realizing data communication between the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller; the main functions comprise electric energy calculation, harmonic analysis and man-machine interaction functions; the matched functions comprise external communication, wireless network connection and positioning time service;
the analog signal acquisition circuit comprises a current sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter, a range control module, a sampling resistor and a fluxgate current sensor which are connected in sequence; the synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter sends sampling data to the first microcontroller for calculation processing through the programmable logic device, the programmable logic device controls the synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter to automatically collect, and the programmable logic device controls the measuring range through the range control module.
The sampling signal isolates the programmable logic device and the analog signal acquisition circuit through the digital isolator. The fluxgate current sensor adopts a high-precision fluxgate current sensor, and the measuring precision range of the fluxgate current sensor is 0.01 level to 0.001 level. The voltage sampling circuit comprises a synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter, a range control module and a sampling resistor which are sequentially connected. The range control signal isolates the programmable logic device and the analog signal acquisition circuit through the photoelectric isolation device.
Preferably, the first microcontroller further comprises a vector algorithm for realizing electric energy and a fast Fourier transform algorithm, and supports data import and export of USB and TF cards. The second microcontroller is also used for monitoring the battery power and controlling the start and stop of the fan, the external communication adopts Bluetooth connection, the wireless network connection comprises data communication of 4G, WIFI, WAN, and the positioning time service adopts a Beidou positioning time service system.
The synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter adopts SPI serial bus to exchange data with the programmable logic device.
The invention also provides a method for testing the influence of direct current and even harmonic of the electric energy meter based on the alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device, wherein the testing circuit is as follows: the half-wave current source is used as an output current source to be connected to the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device and a current terminal of the tested direct-connected electric energy meter, the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device and a voltage sampling end of the tested electric energy meter are connected with the same voltage source, and the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device directly conducts an electric energy error test on the tested electric energy meter.
The half-wave current source outputs half-wave current meeting testing conditions in a linear constant current source mode.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device provided by the invention can test sine wave current, half wave current or other arbitrary waveforms, is not influenced by direct current and even harmonic waves, and the measurement error of the tested half wave current reaches 0.05 level. In the method for testing the direct current and even harmonic influence of the electric energy meter, the tested meter and the alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device measure the same current, the current signal has no shunt problem, the problem of balancing impedance is also avoided, and the problem of debugging of impedance symmetry is solved from the source. Meanwhile, the linear constant current source is used as an input current source, so that the problems of waveform distortion and nonstandard direct current and harmonic content are also improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional DC and even harmonic influence test;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a current waveform of a conventional DC and even harmonic influence test;
FIG. 3 is a graph of harmonic content versus an existing DC and even harmonic influence test;
FIG. 4 is a test circuit diagram of DC and even harmonic influence tests according to the invention;
fig. 5 is an ac/dc electric energy meter test device for dc and even harmonic influence tests according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The AC/DC electric energy meter testing device provided by the invention can measure half-wave current signals which are direct current and alternating current.
As shown in fig. 5, the ac/dc electric energy meter testing device may be divided into 3 large modules, which are a digital circuit area, an analog signal acquisition area, and a power supply area.
1. Digital circuit area
The digital circuit area is subdivided into: STM32F746 is the main functional area of the core, STM32F206 is the support functional area of the core, and FPGA area is implemented as a bridge and partial function.
The main functional area of STM32F746 is mainly responsible for the realization of core algorithms such as liquid crystal display, key input, data input and output of USB and TF card, most important electric energy calculation, FFT calculation, harmonic analysis, vector, angle and the like of man-machine conversation.
The STM32F205 is a core matched functional area and is mainly responsible for data communication of Bluetooth and 4G, WIFI, WAN, beidou positioning time service, battery power monitoring and fan control functions.
The FPGA area is mainly responsible for data interconnection and intercommunication between STM32F205 and STM32F746, and simultaneously adopts the FPGA logic programmable function to realize automatic acquisition of AD7606, the range control of an analog circuit, and in addition, the input and output of serial data and the input and output of electric energy pulses. The program operated by the FPGA is stored in a FLASH chip, and the program is automatically downloaded to the FPGA for operation through the CPLD when the instrument is powered on.
2. Analog signal acquisition region
The analog acquisition area mainly has ICT current measurement, ICT is a fluxgate current sensor, is an AC/DC dual-purpose high-precision current sensor, and can measure complex signals such as sine waves, half waves and the like. ICT can be produced domestically, such as Shenzhen navigation intelligence, and foreign Laima. The magnetic flux gate technology is adopted, and can be used for measuring complex current signals such as direct current, alternating current, impact, high frequency and the like; the measurement accuracy level is generally 0.01 to 0.001. The measuring errors caused by sampling resistor, linear operational amplifier, A/D, algorithm and the like adopted in the scheme of the invention are determined to be within 0.05 level, so that the accuracy level of the invention is 0.05 level under the half-wave current test condition. The accuracy level of the method is greatly improved compared with the accuracy level of which the standard table is 3 levels by using the error of-50 to 90 percent generated by a common current transformer or adopting an anti-direct current transformer. The method can be completely used for transmitting the error value of the electric energy meter error of 3% under half-wave current.
Sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 are standard resistors that convert the small current output by the ICT into a voltage.
Sample 4, sample 5 and sample 6 are small voltage signals that divide the input three-phase voltage into peak values of no more than 10V.
The program control OP_1 to the program control OP_6 control ICT or voltage signals through proper measuring ranges, so that output voltage is suitable for the measuring range of the AD7606, and the measuring precision of the instrument is improved.
The AD7606 is that an SPI serial bus is adopted to exchange data with the FPGA, and SPI data bus signals isolate the analog circuit from the FPGA circuit through a digital isolator (an adum140 chip). The range control signal isolates the analog circuit from the FPGA circuit through the photoelectric isolation device.
3. Power supply area
The external power supply is converted into 12V voltage through the AC/DC switch power supply module to supply power to the instrument, and the battery is charged through the charging circuit.
If no external 220V power supply is provided, the instrument is powered by the lithium battery.
The lithium battery and the external power supply use two diodes to realize priority determination of the power supply source.
The power supply circuit is respectively a digital circuit DC/DC, an analog circuit DC/DC and a communication DC/DC through three groups of DC/DC modules.
In the existing direct current and even harmonic influence test, if a half-wave current source is used as an input current source, a standard electric energy meter is directly connected with a tested meter for testing, and a current transformer is adopted in the standard meter for sampling, so that huge measurement errors can be generated in measuring the half-wave current, and the measurement errors are shown in a test error table 2 and a test error table 3. The internal sampling of the standard electric energy meter is required to be measured in an isolation mode, an alternating current transformer is generally adopted for sampling, and if the current transformer without DC resistance is under the condition that the primary side input current is half-wave current of Imax/[ v ] 2, the error is generally-50% -90%, and the error generated in the measurement of the standard electric energy meter is huge; if the current transformer with DC resistance is adopted, the error of the current transformer is-3% and the phase difference is 500' under the same test condition. The error brought by the measurement of the standard meter is larger, and the measured electric energy meter cannot be transmitted in magnitude.
Table 2 half-wave measurement error meter of standard electric energy meter sampled by common current transformer
| Half-wave current (A) | Ib(5A) | Imax/√2(60/√2A) | Imax(60A) |
| Error (%) | -60.3 | -75 | -89 |
Half-wave measurement error meter of standard electric energy meter adopting anti-direct current transformer for sampling
| Half-wave current (A) | Ib(5A) | Imax/√2(60/√2A) | Imax(60A) |
| Error (%) | -2.1 | -2.3 | -2.5 |
Table 4 half-wave measurement error meter using the ac/dc electric energy meter test device of the present invention
| Half-wave current (A) | Ib(5A) | Imax/√2(60/√2A) | Imax(60A) |
| Error (%) | +0.022 | +0.026 | +0.029 |
As can be seen from the 3 test error meters, the half-wave current is tested by adopting the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device provided by the invention, compared with the existing standard electric energy meter, the half-wave current has extremely accurate results, and the accuracy is improved by two orders of magnitude.
Based on the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device, the invention provides a method for testing the influence of DC and even harmonic waves of an electric energy meter. The standard meter in the test line is required to adopt the AC/DC electric energy meter test device, and a test line diagram of the test is shown in figure 4.
The phase angles of the half-wave current source and the voltage source are adjustable, and different power factors can be set. The half wave source can output 0A-1.2 Imax current.
The half-wave current source can adopt a common current source to output sine waves and then adopts a diode to rectify half-wave current, so that the symmetry problem of positive and negative half waves is not needed to be considered, but the problems of waveform distortion and nonstandard direct current and various subharmonic contents are also existed. The scheme adopts a measurement mode implemented in the prior art, can save certain equipment cost, and can carry out half-wave error verification of the direct access type electric energy meter by using the original test device to configure the AC/DC electric energy meter calibrator.
However, the half-wave waveform is narrowed by diode rectification, the harmonic content of the waveform is different from the regulation of fig. 2, the direct current content is only 38-42% under the condition of low current, and the fundamental wave content is about 48%. At the moment, the waveform is unqualified, and the error of the electric energy meter is also unqualified even if the standard meter is tested accurately.
The invention also provides a better scheme, which adopts a linear constant current source mode to generate half-wave current, the waveform of the half-wave current strictly follows the specification of a standard description figure 2, the harmonic content also accords with the requirement of figure 3, the error of each subharmonic content is not more than +/-0.5%, the most important direct current content is 45% +/-0.5%, wherein the direct current content is 45% of the standard content, and the fundamental wave content is 50% +/-0.2%.
Because the power measured by the standard meter is the power of the loop of the electric energy meter to be measured under half wave and the power generated by the balance load, the balance load and the loop of the meter to be measured are hardly balanced in practice, and the proportion of the power of the balance load and the loop of the meter to be measured is hardly 50%, therefore, the power measured by the standard meter is not strict when the power error of the standard meter is multiplied by 0.5. Therefore, the method for testing the direct current and even harmonic influence of the electric energy meter is adopted to test the electric energy meter, and the influence meter needs to be formulated again.
Claims (10)
1. The alternating current/direct current electric energy meter testing device is characterized by comprising a digital circuit, an analog signal acquisition circuit and a power supply circuit;
the digital circuit comprises a first microcontroller and a first controller peripheral circuit for realizing a main function, a second microcontroller and a second controller peripheral circuit for realizing a matched function, and a programmable logic device for realizing data communication between the first microcontroller and the second microcontroller; the main functions comprise electric energy calculation, harmonic analysis and man-machine interaction functions; the matched functions comprise external communication, wireless network connection and positioning time service;
the analog signal acquisition circuit comprises a current sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter, a range control module, a sampling resistor and a fluxgate current sensor which are connected in sequence; the synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter sends sampling data to the first microcontroller for calculation processing through the programmable logic device, the programmable logic device controls the synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter to automatically collect, and the programmable logic device controls the measuring range through the range control module.
2. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the sampling signal isolates the programmable logic device and the analog signal acquisition circuit through the digital isolator.
3. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the fluxgate current sensor adopts a high-precision fluxgate current sensor, and the measuring precision range of the fluxgate current sensor is 0.01 level to 0.001 level.
4. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage sampling circuit comprises a synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter, a range control module and a sampling resistor which are sequentially connected.
5. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the range control signal isolates the programmable logic device and the analog signal acquisition circuit through the photoelectric isolation device.
6. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the first microcontroller also comprises a vector algorithm for realizing electric energy and a fast Fourier transform algorithm, and supports data import and export of USB and TF cards.
7. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the second microcontroller is also used for monitoring the battery power and controlling the start and stop of the fan, the external communication adopts Bluetooth connection, the wireless network connection comprises data communication of 4G, WIFI, WAN, and the positioning time service adopts a Beidou positioning time service system.
8. The ac/dc electric energy meter testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter adopts SPI serial bus to exchange data with the programmable logic device.
9. The method for testing the influence of direct current and even harmonic waves of the electric energy meter based on the alternating current-direct current electric energy meter testing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the testing circuit is as follows: the half-wave current source is used as an output current source to be connected to the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device and a current terminal of the tested direct-connected electric energy meter, the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device and a voltage sampling end of the tested electric energy meter are connected with the same voltage source, and the AC/DC electric energy meter testing device directly conducts an electric energy error test on the tested electric energy meter.
10. The method for electric energy meter direct current and even harmonic influence test according to claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the half-wave current source outputs half-wave current meeting test conditions in a linear constant current source mode.
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