CN116496045B - 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes - Google Patents
3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN116496045B CN116496045B CN202310472894.3A CN202310472894A CN116496045B CN 116496045 B CN116496045 B CN 116496045B CN 202310472894 A CN202310472894 A CN 202310472894A CN 116496045 B CN116496045 B CN 116496045B
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 41
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- WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;hydrate Chemical group O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 WPJGWJITSIEFRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2623—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
- C04B2103/0051—Water-absorbing polymers, hydrophilic polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00258—Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with an air cavity, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# Portland cement: 5-7 parts of silica fume: 0.4 to 0.6 part of spherical water-absorbent resin: 0.39 to 0.78 portion of quartz sand: 4.8-5.2 parts of copper slag: 1.4 to 1.6 portions of thickener: 0.002-0.006 part of water reducing agent: 0.009-0.011 parts of water: 1.7 to 1.8 portions; the spherical water-absorbent resin is made of polyvinyl alcohol and has the density of 1.016g/cm 3 The spherical water-absorbent resin is obtained after the spherical water-absorbent resin absorbs water completely, and the spherical water-absorbent resin has an average diameter of 3-4 mm. The 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with different regular holes is prepared by using spherical wet water-absorbing resin after saturated water absorption, so that the wave-absorbing effect can be improved according to different incident wave wavelengths, and the use of wave-absorbing frequency can be widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete, in particular to 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes.
Background
Along with the wider and wider application of electromagnetic waves in life, negative effects such as the influence of electromagnetic wave radiation on human health, the influence of electromagnetic wave interference on electronic equipment, the detection and interference of radar signals and the like are brought. Therefore, the research of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material has important practical application value and has positive promotion effect on the development of communication, electronics, national defense, environment and the like.
Electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete refers to a material that is capable of effectively absorbing electromagnetic wave energy, causing the electromagnetic wave energy to be converted into heat energy or other forms of energy in the material. Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have many advantages, such as high absorptivity, wide operating frequency, thin and light weight, and are widely used in the fields of electromagnetic wave stealth, electromagnetic shielding, electromagnetic wave treatment, and the like.
The 3D printing of the building has the characteristics of high integration and environmental protection, has good development prospect, and the 3D printing concrete can realize template-free construction, improve the productivity and the quality, reduce the material waste and improve the degree of freedom and the safety of the building. The principle of 3D printing concrete is 'spray extrusion stacking', which comprises material preparation and feeding, extrusion into filaments, filament connection layering, layer-by-layer accumulation and the like. The technology has the advantages of high-degree-of-freedom design, high construction speed, low cost, high automation degree, environmental protection and the like, and can be widely focused and popularized. For example, chinese patent ZL201810288246.1 discloses a 3D printable electromagnetic wave-absorbing copper slag concrete and a method for using the same, wherein the 3D printable electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete is obtained by using copper slag and copper powder, and the electromagnetic wave is absorbed by more than 90% in the 3.4GHz frequency band. But the electromagnetic performance is to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with the air cavities, and the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with different regular cavities is prepared by using spherical wet water-absorbing resin after soaking saturated water absorption, so that the wave-absorbing effect can be improved according to the different incident wave wavelengths, and the use of wave-absorbing frequency can be widened.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with the air cavities comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# Portland cement: 5-7 parts of silica fume: 0.4 to 0.6 part of spherical water-absorbent resin: 0.39 to 0.78 portion of quartz sand: 4.8-5.2 parts of copper slag: 1.4 to 1.6 portions of thickener: 0.002-0.006 part of water reducing agent: 0.009-0.011 parts of water: 1.7 to 1.8 portions;
the spherical water-absorbent resin is made of polyvinyl alcohol and has the density of 1.016g/cm 3 Obtaining spherical wet water-absorbing resin after the spherical water-absorbing resin absorbs water completely, wherein the spherical wet water-absorbing resin has an average diameter of spherical particles of 3-4 mm;
the specific preparation process is as follows:
s1, soaking spherical water-absorbent resin in advance with water until the spherical water-absorbent resin is saturated with water, and keeping the spherical water-absorbent resin in a soaked state for standby use to obtain spherical wet water-absorbent resin;
s2, mixing and stirring 5-7 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 0.4-0.6 part by weight of silica fume, 4.8-5.2 parts by weight of quartz sand and 1.4-1.6 parts by weight of copper slag uniformly;
s3, adding 0.002-0.006 parts of thickener into the step S2, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
s4, adding 0.009-0.011 part of water reducer and 1.7-1.8 parts of water into the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding the spherical wet water-absorbent resin soaked in the step S1, removing excessive water from the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin, pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin at one time, slowly pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin, slowly stirring until the mixture is uniform and particles are not seen on the surface of the concrete, stopping stirring, and controlling the stirring time to be 250-350 seconds to obtain printing slurry;
s5, conveying the printing slurry obtained in the step S4 into a printing nozzle of the 3D printer, and setting the outlet cross section area of the printing nozzle to be 120mm 2 The horizontal printing speed is 150-160 cm/min, and the vertical printing speed is 05 to 0.6m/h, and the extrusion speed is 0.01 to 0.04m 3 The printing is then carried out in a step/h,
and (3) protecting the 3D printed sample by using a protective film, watering once every 3-4 hours, curing for 28 days by water after 24 hours, and drying to obtain the 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the spherical moisture-absorbing resin is creatively filled in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete composite material, the water-absorbing resin is shrunk and dried after the concrete is hardened, and the spherical moisture-absorbing resin with saturated water is dehydrated to form air cavities with different irregular shapes and different distribution sizes in the concrete after curing and solidification, so that the spherical moisture-absorbing resin is equivalent to a closed cell honeycomb structure with irregular shapes, an air-concrete-conductive material multiphase composite structure is formed, and the electromagnetic wave-absorbing performance of the concrete is effectively improved.
2. According to the invention, different stirring speeds and stirring times can be set to obtain air cavities with different shapes, the air cavities mainly comprise spherical air cavities, and meanwhile, the air cavities are filled with irregular chip-shaped void cavities with different sizes, such as sectors, triangles and the like, the air cavity distribution with different dispersion degrees can be obtained through stirring process control and adjustment of filling quantity of spherical moisture absorbent resin, specific wave absorbing effects on different incident waves are shown, the irregular cavity distribution is dispersed, the corresponding absorbable wavelength is shorter, the frequency is higher, the irregular cavity distribution is denser, the corresponding absorbable wavelength is shorter, and the frequency rate is lower.
3. The invention can effectively improve the matching performance of the impedance of the concrete composite material and the impedance of the space electromagnetic wave, and reduce the direct reflection effect of the electromagnetic wave caused by the strong magnetic conduction conductive material; when the electromagnetic wave is incident into the concrete for propagation, multiple reflection and scattering can occur on the surfaces of honeycomb structure particles with different sizes and shapes, so that the energy of the electromagnetic wave is lost; in addition, when electromagnetic waves are incident to adjacent holes from one closed hole, phase change is interfered in the direction of the hole wall, and electromagnetic energy is further attenuated; in the process of printing and stirring, part of spherical water-absorbent resin particles are crushed, complex three-dimensional structures with different sizes are formed inside the printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete, and belts are formed into sheets, spheres, fragments and the like, so that the gradient of the air-concrete-metal wave-absorbing agent is further enhanced, and the absorption bandwidth of electromagnetic waves is further improved.
4. In terms of printing performance, the invention adopts reasonable material proportion and matching arrangement, so that the concrete has good fluidity and extrudability, and meets the construction requirement of the 3D printed concrete structure. The prepared 3D printing concrete has the characteristics of good rheological property, strong standing property, quick setting time, high early strength, no collapse of later strength, good durability and the like.
5. Electromagnetic wave absorbing performance: the spherical wet water-absorbing resin with the volume doping amount of 20% after soaking can absorb more than 90% of electromagnetic waves on the 13.84GHz frequency band width, and the absorption peak reflectivity of the concrete reaches-18.136 dB on the 7.22GHz frequency band, so that 98.46% of electromagnetic waves are absorbed. The electromagnetic wave absorption frequency width (1.5-2 GHz) and the reflectivity of the traditional cast concrete are greatly exceeded, and the method can be widely applied to the field of electromagnetic protection. The complex three-dimensional structure formed by the copper slag and the spherical wet water-absorbing resin increases the interference cancellation process of electromagnetic waves, and the copper slag and the spherical wet water-absorbing resin can absorb most electromagnetic waves under the synergistic action of the copper slag and the spherical wet water-absorbing resin.
6. The environmental protection benefit is high, accords with the double carbon policy: the invention adopts a large amount of copper slag, namely industrial waste, and water-absorbent resin, namely environment-friendly materials, so that the damage of natural sand stone to the environment and ecology is reduced to a great extent, the price of concrete materials is reduced, the effect of green and environment-friendly is achieved, the requirements of double-carbon policies are met, and the invention is beneficial to promoting the practical engineering application of 3D printed concrete.
7. The application fields are wide: the invention can be widely applied to the fields of electromagnetic protection, electromagnetic interference, anti-radar detection and the like, can improve the electromagnetic radiation protection capability of a building, reduce the influence of electromagnetic interference and promote the physical and mental health of human beings in an electromagnetic environment. In addition, the method can also be used for improving the stealth capability of anti-radar detection of military structures, and has important military significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparative graph of 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete samples of examples 1-3.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of reflectance tests of electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete electromagnetic wave absorbing examples 1-3 for 3D printing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the wave absorbing principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
According to the invention, 3D printing is carried out on the concrete, and related performance tests, namely construction evaluation and electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation, are carried out on the printed structure, and the concrete structure is printed according to the test, so that the smooth proceeding of the printing process can be ensured on the premise of meeting the proposed printing requirement, and the printed structure is stable and firm.
The electromagnetic wave absorption reflectivity test adopts an arched frame reflection method, and uses a vector network analyzer (Agilent N5232A) to emit electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic wave absorption reflectivity of the material is tested through the transmission of a transmitting head and a receiving head. The electromagnetic wave absorbing performance test of the invention refers to the national military standard method for testing the reflectivity of radar absorbing materials (GJB 2038-1994). The concrete involved in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing reflectivity test must undergo standard curing (relative humidity 95.+ -. 5% and curing temperature 20.+ -. 1 ℃) for at least 28 days. After curing, the concrete test block is dried at a low temperature of 60 ℃ to reduce the influence of the moisture content on the electromagnetic wave reflectivity. A 180mm smooth aluminum plate was then placed under the test block and tested in the 1-18GHz band.
Example 1
The embodiment 3D prints electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete, the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# Portland cement: 5 parts of silica fume: 0.5 part of quartz sand: 5 parts of copper slag: 1.5 parts of thickener: 0.002 parts of water reducing agent: 0.01 part of water: 1.75 parts.
The specific surface area of the 42.5-grade ordinary Portland cement is 348m 2 Per kg, density of 3.0g/cm 3 The water consumption of the standard consistency is 25.9%, the initial setting time is 170min, the final setting time is 210min, the loss on ignition is 3.5%, the magnesium oxide content is 2.18%, the flexural strength in 3 days is 5.7MPa, and the compressive strength in 3 days is 30MPa.
The density of the silica fume is 2.3g/cm 3 Specific surface area of 25-29 m 2 /g; the quartz sand is 90-110 meshes; the density of the copper slag is 2.6g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The average grain diameter is 106 mu m, and the solid content of ferric oxide is 53%; the thickener is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the specification is 20 ten thousand viscosity; the quartz sand is 90-110 meshes, and the water reducer is a melamine water reducer, and the model is F10.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 5 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 0.5 part of silica fume, 5 parts of quartz sand and 1.5 parts of copper slag by weight;
s2, adding 0.002 parts of thickener in the step S1, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
s3, adding 0.01 part of water reducer and 1.75 parts of water into the step S2, mixing and stirring uniformly for 400 seconds;
s4, conveying the printing slurry obtained in the step S3 into a printing nozzle of the 3D printer, and setting the outlet cross section area of the printing nozzle to be 120mm 2 The horizontal printing speed is 180cm/min, the vertical printing speed is 0.8m/h, and the extrusion speed is 0.04m 3 And (3) printing, and curing for 28 days to obtain the 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete.
Use under higher extrusion speed in this embodiment, can form deeper 3D and print texture feature, and can not appear printing the phenomenon, reasonable extrusion speed's setting has improved electromagnetic wave absorbing performance, also can not appear vertical material simultaneously and pile up the problem of printing the shower nozzle.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
the embodiment tests according to the requirements of the method for testing the reflectivity of radar absorbing materials (GJB 2038-1994). The test result of the example 1 is shown in figure 2, and the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete prepared by spherical wet water-absorbing resin which is not added with 20-40% of volume doping amount after soaking has the absorptivity of more than 90% in the 13.08GHz frequency band, which is far more than the electromagnetic wave-absorbing frequency bandwidth (1.5-2 GHz) of the traditional casting concrete. In addition, the concrete also shows an absorption peak reflectivity reaching-15.24 dB and absorbs 97.01% of electromagnetic waves in the 7.42GHz frequency band. This means that most of electromagnetic waves are absorbed, and reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves can be effectively suppressed. This not only improves the absorption efficiency of electromagnetic waves, but also protects surrounding equipment and the environment from electromagnetic radiation.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes, wherein the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# quick set Portland Cement: 5.5 parts of silica fume: 0.5 part of spherical water-absorbent resin: 0.39 parts of quartz sand: 5 parts of copper slag: 1.5 parts of thickener: 0.0057 parts of water reducing agent: 0.01 part of water: 1.75 parts.
The specific surface area of the 42.5-grade ordinary Portland cement is 348m 2 Per kg, density of 3.0g/cm 3 The water consumption of the standard consistency is 25.9%, the initial setting time is 170min, the final setting time is 210min, the loss on ignition is 3.5%, the magnesium oxide content is 2.18%, the flexural strength in 3 days is 5.7MPa, and the compressive strength in 3 days is 30MPa.
The spherical water-absorbent resin in this example was made of polyvinyl alcohol and had a density of 1.016g/cm 3 Obtaining spherical wet water-absorbent resin after the spherical water-absorbent resin absorbs water completely, wherein the spherical wet water-absorbent resin has an average diameter of 3-4 mm, and the volume mixing amount of the spherical wet water-absorbent resin is 20%;
the density of the silica fume is 2.3g/cm 3 Specific surface area of 25-29 m 2 /g; the quartz sand is 90-110 meshes; the density of the copper slag is 2.6g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The average grain diameter is 106 mu m, and the solid content of ferric oxide is 53%; the thickener is carboxymethyl cellulose, and the specification is 20 ten thousand viscosity; the quartz sand is 90-110 meshes, and the water reducer is a melamine water reducer, and the model is F10.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking spherical water-absorbent resin in advance with water until the spherical water-absorbent resin is saturated with water, and keeping the spherical water-absorbent resin in a soaked state for standby use to obtain spherical wet water-absorbent resin;
s2, mixing and stirring 5.5 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 0.5 part by weight of silica fume, 5 parts by weight of quartz sand and 1.5 parts by weight of copper slag uniformly;
s3, adding 0.0057 part of thickener into the step S2, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
s4, adding 0.01 part of water reducer and 1.75 parts of water into the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding the spherical wet water-absorbent resin soaked in the step S1, pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin once after removing excessive water, slowly pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin, slowly stirring until the mixture is uniform and particles are not seen on the surface of the concrete, and stopping stirring until the stirring time is controlled to be about 300 seconds, thus obtaining the printing paste; the method has the advantages that as many spherical air cavities as possible can be obtained, the air cavities are more regular, the overlong stirring time is prevented, the time for adding the spherical wet absorbent resin is too long, and the excessive spherical wet absorbent resin structure is damaged to a great extent, so that the interference cancellation capability is weakened, and the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance is reduced;
s5, conveying the printing slurry obtained in the step S4 into a printing nozzle of the 3D printer, and setting the outlet cross section area of the printing nozzle to be 120mm 2 The horizontal printing speed is 155cm/min, the vertical printing speed is 0.55m/h, and the extrusion speed is 0.015m 3 The printing is then carried out in a step/h,
and (3) protecting the 3D printed sample by using a protective film, watering once every 4 hours, curing for 28 days by water after 24 hours, and drying to obtain the 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes.
The damage of the spherical moisture-absorbing resin can be reduced at lower printing and extrusion speeds, so that more regular air cavities are formed, and the 3D printed spherical moisture-absorbing resin electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete is obtained.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
the embodiment tests according to the requirements of the method for testing the reflectivity of radar absorbing materials (GJB 2038-1994). The test result of the example 2 is shown in figure 2, and the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete prepared by adding 20% by volume of spherical wet water-absorbing resin after soaking has the absorptivity reaching more than 90% in the wide band of absorbing 13.84GHz frequency, which is far more than the electromagnetic wave-absorbing frequency band width (1.5-2 GHz) of the traditional cast concrete. In addition, on the 7.22GHz frequency band, the concrete has the absorption peak reflectivity reaching-18.136 dB and absorbs 98.136% of electromagnetic waves. Compared with experimental example 1, the frequency bandwidth is 0.76GHz, and the absorption peak value is also improved by 1.126%.
Example 3
The composition and preparation method of each part of this example are the same as those of example 2, except that spherical water-absorbent resin is added in this example: 0.078 part (40% volume) of the concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# Portland cement: 6.65 parts of silica fume: 0.5 parts of spherical wet absorbent resin: 0.78 part of quartz sand: 5 parts of copper slag: 1.5 parts of thickener: 0.0057 parts of water reducing agent: 0.01 part of water: 1.75 parts.
The 3D printing process comprises the following steps: delivering printing slurry into a printing nozzle of a 3D printer, wherein the cross section area of an outlet of the printing nozzle is 120mm 2 The horizontal printing speed is 150cm/min, the vertical printing speed is 0.5m/h, and the extrusion speed is 0.01m 3 The printing is then carried out in a step/h,
and (3) protecting the 3D printed sample by using a protective film, watering once every 4 hours, curing for 28 days by water after 24 hours, and drying to obtain the 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes.
The water-absorbent resin content is increased, and the number of damage to the spherical wet water-absorbent resin after soaking can be reduced by reducing the printing and extrusion speed, so that more regular spherical air cavities are formed.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance evaluation:
the embodiment tests according to the requirements of the method for testing the reflectivity of radar absorbing materials (GJB 2038-1994). The test result of the embodiment 3 is shown in figure 2, and the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete prepared by adding spherical wet absorbent resin with the volume doping amount of 40% after soaking has the absorptivity of more than 90% in the 13.51GHz frequency band, which is far more than the electromagnetic wave-absorbing frequency band width (1.5-2 GHz) of the traditional casting concrete. In addition, on the 7.34GHz frequency band, the concrete has absorption peak reflectivity reaching-16.39 dB and absorbs 97.70% of electromagnetic waves. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment has the advantages that the frequency bandwidth is 0.43GHz, the absorption peak value is also improved by 0.69%, and the embodiment 1 has the good electromagnetic wave absorption effect mainly due to the remarkable improvement of the extrusion speed, so that the surface texture structure of the concrete has a beneficial effect on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In both the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3, the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance is further improved on the basis of lower surface texture structure change, and compared with the embodiment 1, the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance is remarkably improved.
Example 3 also reduced the absorption peak by 0.436% as compared to example 2, which is a 0.33GHz shorter frequency band. This is because the principle of preparing the 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete by adding 20 to 40% by volume of the soaked spherical wet water-absorbing resin is the same, but the water-absorbing resin (example 2) of 20% by volume forms a closed cell honeycomb structure relatively less in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete than the water-absorbing resin (example 3) of 40%, but the metal content is relatively higher, so that example 2 can obtain better electromagnetic wave-absorbing performance at 20% by volume, and the water-absorbing resin of 40% or more causes lower extrusion speed and more air holes, but rather causes the wave-absorbing performance of the system to be lowered. Example 2 shifted to a lower frequency band with respect to the absorption frequency of example 3, and had a lower absorption peak reflectance.
The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.
Claims (3)
1. The 3D printing electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with the air cavities comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42.5# Portland cement: 5-7 parts of silica fume: 0.4 to 0.6 part of spherical water-absorbent resin: 0.39 to 0.78 portion of quartz sand: 4.8-5.2 parts of copper slag: 1.4 to 1.6 portions of thickener: 0.002-0.006 part of water reducing agent: 0.009-0.011 parts of water: 1.7 to 1.8 portions;
the spherical water-absorbent resin is made of polyvinyl alcohol and has the density of 1.016g/cm 3 Obtaining spherical wet water-absorbing resin after the spherical water-absorbing resin absorbs water completely, wherein the spherical wet water-absorbing resin has an average diameter of spherical particles of 3-4 mm;
the specific preparation process is as follows:
s1, soaking spherical water-absorbent resin in advance with water until the spherical water-absorbent resin is saturated with water, and keeping the spherical water-absorbent resin in a soaked state for standby use to obtain spherical wet water-absorbent resin;
s2, mixing and stirring 5-7 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement, 0.4-0.6 part by weight of silica fume, 4.8-5.2 parts by weight of quartz sand and 1.4-1.6 parts by weight of copper slag uniformly;
s3, adding 0.002-0.006 parts of thickener into the step S2, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
s4, adding 0.009-0.011 part of water reducer and 1.7-1.8 parts of water into the step S3, mixing and stirring uniformly, adding the spherical wet water-absorbent resin soaked in the step S1, removing excessive water from the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin, pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin at one time, slowly pouring the soaked spherical wet water-absorbent resin, slowly stirring until the mixture is uniform and particles are not seen on the surface of the concrete, stopping stirring, and controlling the stirring time to be 250-350 seconds to obtain printing slurry;
s5, conveying the printing slurry obtained in the step S4 into a printing nozzle of the 3D printer, and setting the outlet cross section area of the printing nozzle to be 120mm 2 The horizontal printing speed is 150-160 cm/min, the vertical printing speed is 0.5-0.6 m/h, and the extrusion speed is 0.01-0.04 m 3 The printing is then carried out in a step/h,
and (3) protecting the 3D printed sample by using a protective film, watering once every 3-4 hours, curing for 28 days after 24 hours, and drying to obtain the 3D printed electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete with air holes.
2. The 3D printed electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete with air cavities according to claim 1, wherein the thickener is carboxymethyl cellulose with a specification of 20 ten thousand viscosity; the quartz sand is 90-110 meshes, the water reducer is a melamine water reducer, and the model is F10; the average grain diameter of the copper slag ranges from 100 to 150 mu m.
3. The 3D printed electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete with air cavities according to claim 1, wherein the air cavities form irregular air cavities with different sizes in the concrete, and the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of a specific frequency band can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the air cavities with different densities of the irregular shapes and the distribution.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104558370A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉大学 | Application of modified water-absorbing resin as concrete antifreezing reinforcing material |
| CN106278001A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108609947A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-02 | 河北工业大学 | Copper furnace slag electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete capable of being printed in 3D mode and using method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104558370A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-29 | 武汉大学 | Application of modified water-absorbing resin as concrete antifreezing reinforcing material |
| CN106278001A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of electromagnetic wave absorption concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108609947A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-10-02 | 河北工业大学 | Copper furnace slag electromagnetic wave-absorbing concrete capable of being printed in 3D mode and using method thereof |
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