CN116495795A - Technological research of novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material - Google Patents

Technological research of novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material Download PDF

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CN116495795A
CN116495795A CN202211237813.3A CN202211237813A CN116495795A CN 116495795 A CN116495795 A CN 116495795A CN 202211237813 A CN202211237813 A CN 202211237813A CN 116495795 A CN116495795 A CN 116495795A
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lithium
positive electrode
source
carbon
precursor material
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耿幸雅
邱泇于
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Green Energy Fiber Material Chongqing Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a process research of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary anode precursor material, which specifically comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials, adding carboxymethyl cellulose lithium into deionized water, stirring and dissolving at a high speed in a reaction kettle to form slurry of the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium, adding a proper amount of nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source, lithium source and dispersant auxiliary agent into the slurry, uniformly stirring at a high speed for synthesis, treating at a high temperature in a rotary kiln for 10-20 hours to obtain precursor particles, and calcining at a high temperature for synthesis to obtain the ternary positive electrode composite material with relatively uniform carbon doping and lithium doping. The technological research of the novel carbon and lithium doped ternary anode precursor material disclosed by the invention has the effects of reducing high energy consumption, high pollution and high cost of the existing carbon doping process, and simultaneously solving the defect brought by the fact that the lithium doping and the lithium supplementing are additionally carried out only on the surface in the existing lithium battery process. The carboxymethyl cellulose salt (sodium salt, lithium salt, ammonium salt and other metal ion salts) has very good suspension and dispersion functions, and can suspend and disperse the precursor powder very well, and when carbonization coating is carried out, a very uniform carbon coating (carbon doping) layer and even a layer of lithium doped carbonization layer are formed, so that the electrochemical performance of the material in the application process is improved.

Description

Technological research of novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a process research of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material.
Background
Ternary cathode material integrating LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 And LiMnO 2 The advantages of the three materials are one of the positive electrode materials with the most development potential at present, and particularly the high-nickel ternary material has become the application direction of the future high-energy-density power battery. In recent years, ternary positive electrode materials gradually develop towards high specific capacity, high compaction, high voltage and low cost, but the problem of surface residual alkali of ternary materials is always a prominent problem affecting the practical application of ternary materials, and the main reason is that the surface residual alkali (LiOH and Li2 CO) 3 ) The electrolyte is easy to react to generate gas, so that the battery is inflated and deformed to generate potential safety hazard.
At present, the method for reducing the residual alkali on the surface of the ternary material, which can be used for industrialization, is mainly carried out by increasing the sintering temperature and washing the ternary material by a solvent. The surface residual alkali can be obviously reduced by increasing the sintering temperature, but the method leads to larger primary particles of the material, increased hardness, easy increase of fine powder amount in the post-treatment process, and difficulty in obtaining high-quality material, and the increase of the sintering temperature leads to aggravation of lithium nickel mixed discharge degree and reduction of product capacity. The surface residual alkali can be effectively reduced by a (solvent) washing mode, and the adopted solvents are generally as follows: ethanol, deionized water, organic weak acid, nonaqueous organic solvent, boric acid, citric acid, etc. But both leaching, slurrying and press washing increase the difficulty of industrialized operation and are at the expense of consistency and partial performance of the materials.
In addition, the conventional ternary material is sintered, the temperature is high, the hardness is high, the crushing strength is required to be improved in the post-treatment, and the proper product granularity distribution can be controlled, so that the particle morphology is damaged to a certain extent, fine powder is easier to generate, and the existing carbon doping process has the defects of high energy consumption, high pollution and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a process research of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary anode precursor material, and aims to solve the technical problems that the conventional ternary material provided in the background art is sintered, the temperature is high, the hardness is high, the crushing strength is required to be improved in the post-treatment, the proper product granularity distribution can be controlled, so that the particle morphology is damaged to a certain extent, fine powder is easier to generate, and the existing carbon doping process has the defects of high energy consumption, high pollution and high cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the technological research of the novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials, adding 1-5 parts of lithium carboxymethyl cellulose into 50-100 parts of deionized water, and stirring and dissolving at a high speed in a reaction kettle to form slurry of the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose;
s2: adding a proper amount of nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source, lithium source and dispersant auxiliary agent into the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium slurry obtained in the step S1, and carrying out high-speed uniform stirring for synthesis to form stable slurry;
s3: then treating in a rotary kiln for 10-20h at a high temperature of 550-1000 ℃ to obtain precursor particles;
s4: and finally, calcining and synthesizing the precursor particles obtained in the step S3 at a high temperature to obtain the ternary positive electrode composite material with relatively uniform carbon doping and lithium doping.
Generally, the higher the concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium is, the higher the carbon doping and lithium doping content of the final product is, so that the corresponding carbon doping and lithium doping content of the nickel cobalt manganese lithium precursor or product is high, the conductivity of the product is better, the surface carbon coating of the nickel cobalt manganese lithium precursor or product is more uniform, and the coating of lithium is also more uniform.
In a preferred scheme, the step S2-S4 is required to be always under inert gas atmosphere, heating is carried out to 650-850 ℃ under the protection of the inert gas atmosphere, in the carbonization process, the particle size of the precursor can be regulated to be 1-10 microns according to the process condition, finally, the ternary positive electrode material with uniform carbon coating and lithium coating is obtained, uniformly dispersed stable mixed slurry is obtained by mixing according to a certain proportion in the inert gas atmosphere, the stable slurry is pre-coated in a certain time range at a certain temperature, the pre-coated material is heated to a high temperature for carbonization and heat preservation, and after cooling, the pre-coated material is crushed and sieved and classified by a jet mill, the sieved material is subjected to high temperature heat treatment, and the required ternary positive electrode material with different particle sizes and doped with lithium is obtained after cooling.
The carbon doping and lithium doping processes are not limited to various synthetic process routes for ternary positive electrode composites, including: the solid phase method, the liquid phase method, the high temperature solid phase reaction method, the carbothermic reduction method, the microwave synthesis method and the deposition method, the solution gel method, the hydrothermal synthesis method, the template method, the precipitation method, the solvothermal synthesis method and the like are all the technological routes for carrying out carbon doping or lithium doping by using suspension and dispersion of the carboxymethyl cellulose related products as an optimization process.
In a preferred scheme, the nickel source is at least one of nickel sulfate, nickel acetate and nickel nitrate, the cobalt source is at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate and cobalt nitrate, the manganese source is at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese acetate and manganese nitrate, the lithium source can also be at least one of lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium hydroxide, the stirring rate in the step S1 is 10 rpm-1000 rpm, and the reaction kettle is internally controlled: the pH value of the prepared slurry is 8.0-12.0, and the volume of the slurry is 1/6-2/3 of that of the reaction kettle; the temperature in the reaction process is 55-75 ℃, the stirring speed in the reaction process is 100-800 rpm, and the oxygen content in the reaction kettle is controlled by introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle.
In a preferred embodiment, the inert gas atmosphere is one or a combination of nitrogen, helium and argon, and the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor is NCM523 precursor material, and the molecular formula is: ni (Ni) 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 。
From the above, a process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material specifically comprises the following steps: s1: weighing raw materials, adding 1-5 parts of lithium carboxymethyl cellulose into 50-100 parts of deionized water, and stirring and dissolving at a high speed in a reaction kettle to form slurry of the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose; s2: adding a proper amount of nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source, lithium source and dispersant auxiliary agent into the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium slurry obtained in the step S1, and carrying out high-speed uniform stirring for synthesis to form stable slurry; s3: then treating in a rotary kiln for 10-20h at a high temperature of 550-1000 ℃ to obtain precursor particles; s4: and finally, calcining and synthesizing the precursor particles obtained in the step S3 at a high temperature to obtain the ternary positive electrode composite material with relatively uniform carbon doping and lithium doping.
The technological research of the novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium used in the invention has very good suspending and dispersing effects, and can suspend and disperse ternary positive electrode material precursors and other materials very well, so that a relatively uniformly coated carboxymethyl cellulose lithium solution is formed around the ternary positive electrode material, and a relatively uniform carbon source and a relatively uniform lithium source are formed, and then the precursor of the ternary positive electrode material doped with carbon and doped with lithium is obtained through high-temperature calcination, so that the carbon source on the surface of the ternary positive electrode material of the final formed terminal product is uniformly distributed, and the lithium source is uniformly distributed, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the ternary positive electrode material in the use process of the lithium battery. The method reduces the high energy consumption, high pollution and high cost of the existing carbon doping process, and simultaneously solves the defects of the existing lithium battery process that the additional doping lithium and the lithium supplementing are only carried out on the surface. The electrochemical performance in the new energy technological process can be greatly improved, the high multiplying power, the quick charge and the quick discharge are improved, the first effect is improved, the internal resistance is reduced, the ion conductivity is improved, the low-temperature performance is solved, and the multiplying power performance is improved.
Detailed Description
In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technological research of the novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials, adding 1-5 parts of lithium carboxymethyl cellulose into 50-100 parts of deionized water, and stirring and dissolving at a high speed in a reaction kettle to form slurry of the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose;
s2: adding a proper amount of nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source, lithium source and dispersant auxiliary agent into the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium slurry obtained in the step S1, and carrying out high-speed uniform stirring for synthesis to form stable slurry;
s3: then treating in a rotary kiln for 10-20h at a high temperature of 550-1000 ℃ to obtain precursor particles;
s4: and finally, calcining and synthesizing the precursor particles obtained in the step S3 at a high temperature to obtain the ternary positive electrode composite material with relatively uniform carbon doping and lithium doping.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S2-S4, the precursor is heated to 650-850 ℃ under the protection of inert gas atmosphere, during carbonization, the particles of the precursor can be regulated between 1-10 micrometers according to the process conditions, and finally the ternary positive electrode material with relatively uniform carbon coating and lithium coating is obtained, and in the inert gas atmosphere, the three materials are mixed according to the proportion to obtain the uniformly dispersed stable mixed slurry.
In a preferred embodiment, the nickel source is at least one of nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, and nickel nitrate, the cobalt source is at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, and cobalt nitrate, the manganese source is at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese acetate, and manganese nitrate, and the lithium source is at least one of lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, and lithium hydroxide.
In a preferred embodiment, the stirring rate in the step S1 is 100rpm to 1000rpm.
In a preferred embodiment, the reaction vessel controls: the pH value of the prepared slurry is 8.0-12.0, and the volume of the slurry is 1/6-2/3 of that of the reaction kettle; the temperature in the reaction process is 55-75 ℃, the stirring speed in the reaction process is 100-800 rpm, and the oxygen content in the reaction kettle is controlled by introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle.
In a preferred embodiment, the inert gas atmosphere is one or a combination of nitrogen, helium and argon.
In a preferred embodiment, the stable slurry is pre-coated at a certain temperature and within a certain time range, the pre-coated material is heated to a high temperature for carbonization and heat preservation, after cooling, the pre-coated material is crushed and sieved and classified by a jet mill, and the sieved material is subjected to high-temperature heat treatment and cooling to obtain the required carbon-doped and lithium-doped ternary cathode material with different particle sizes.
In a preferred embodiment, the nickel cobalt manganese ternary precursor is an NCM523 precursor material having the formula: ni (Ni) 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 (OH) 2 。
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A technological study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material, 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials, adding 1-5 parts of lithium carboxymethyl cellulose into 50-100 parts of deionized water, and stirring and dissolving at a high speed in a reaction kettle to form slurry of the lithium carboxymethyl cellulose;
s2: adding a proper amount of nickel source, cobalt source, manganese source, lithium source and dispersant auxiliary agent into the carboxymethyl cellulose lithium slurry obtained in the step S1, and carrying out high-speed uniform stirring for synthesis to form stable slurry;
s3: then treating in a rotary kiln for 10-20h at a high temperature of 550-1000 ℃ to obtain precursor particles;
s4: and finally, calcining and synthesizing the precursor particles obtained in the step S3 at a high temperature to obtain the ternary positive electrode composite material with relatively uniform carbon doping and lithium doping.
2. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary cathode precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the step of S2-S4 is required to be always under an inert gas atmosphere, heating is carried out to 650-850 ℃ under the protection of the inert gas atmosphere, particles of the precursor can be regulated between 1-100 microns according to the process condition in the carbonization process, and finally the ternary cathode material with relatively uniform carbon coating and lithium coating is obtained, and the ternary cathode material is firstly mixed according to a proportion under the inert gas atmosphere to obtain uniformly dispersed stable mixed slurry.
3. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary cathode precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the nickel source is at least one of nickel sulfate, nickel acetate and nickel nitrate, the cobalt source is at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate and cobalt nitrate, the manganese source is at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese acetate and manganese nitrate, and the lithium source can also be carboxymethyl cellulose lithium as a main material and is assisted by at least one or more of lithium carbonate, lithium acetate and lithium hydroxide.
4. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the stirring rate in step S1 is 10rpm to 1000rpm.
5. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the reaction kettle is internally controlled by: the pH value of the prepared slurry is 8.0-12.0, and the volume of the slurry is 1/6-2/3 of that of the reaction kettle; the temperature in the reaction process is 55-75 ℃, the stirring speed in the reaction process is 100-800 rpm, and the oxygen content in the reaction kettle is controlled by introducing inert gas into the reaction kettle.
6. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material according to claim 5, wherein the inert gas atmosphere is one or a combination of nitrogen, helium and argon.
7. The process study of the novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that stable slurry is pre-coated at a certain temperature and within a certain time range, pre-coated materials are heated to a high temperature for carbonization and heat preservation, after cooling, the materials are crushed and sieved and classified by a jet mill, the sieved materials are subjected to high-temperature heat treatment, and carbon doped and lithium doped ternary positive electrode materials with different particle sizes are obtained after cooling.
8. The process study of a novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the nickel cobalt manganese ternary precursor is a model NCM523, 622, 811 or 910 precursor material.
CN202211237813.3A 2022-10-11 2022-10-11 Technological research of novel carbon and lithium doped ternary positive electrode precursor material Pending CN116495795A (en)

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CN102875130A (en) * 2012-10-15 2013-01-16 福建师范大学 Method for preparing doped lithium-enriched solid solution cathode material by using carbon-added compound
CN103000903A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-27 哈尔滨工业大学 Precursor doped with carbon nanomaterial and preparation method thereof as well as spherical lithium metal oxide anode material and preparation method thereof
CN112635720A (en) * 2019-10-09 2021-04-09 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Electrode material lithium supplement additive, preparation method and application thereof, and lithium ion battery
CN113422009A (en) * 2021-06-01 2021-09-21 广东工业大学 Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method and application thereof
CN114551796A (en) * 2022-03-02 2022-05-27 蜂巢能源科技股份有限公司 Negative plate, preparation method thereof and lithium battery

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