CN116495067A

CN116495067A - Traction seat with safety system and method for detecting hooking state

Info

Publication number: CN116495067A
Application number: CN202211468202.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 程铸; 张良; 徐学豹; 何月
Original assignee: Hefei Jiuxiang Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Hefei Jiuxiang Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-22
Filing date: 2022-11-22
Publication date: 2023-07-28

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile tractors, and solves the problem that a great potential safety hazard exists due to the fact that a tractors are easy to take off and hang in false mode in the use process, in particular to a tractors with a safety system. The invention achieves the purpose of carrying out omnibearing detection on the hanging state of the traction seat, and a driver can complete real-time monitoring on the traction seat in a cab and realize early safety early warning on the traction seat.

Description

Traction seat with safety system and method for detecting hooking state

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile traction seats, in particular to a traction seat with a safety system and a hanging state detection method.

Background

The general structure of the traction seat in the domestic and international markets is a single-hook manual structure, and a driver is positioned in a cab at the moment in the process of docking the traction seat with a trailer, and the driver should get off to check whether the trailer is hooked well or not to meet the requirements. In the actual operation process, the traction pin and the wedge block are often in a state of not being in butt joint and hanging (unhooking) or false hanging, and at the moment, if a driver does not get off to check and drive the vehicle, the driver can have great potential safety hazard. When not docking and hanging, the cargo vehicle can not drive the cargo vehicle to advance, and when the cargo vehicle and the cargo vehicle are separated, the cargo trailer stays in place and generates larger vibration, so that potential safety hazards such as falling of cargoes on the trailer and the risk of damage of cargoes are caused. When false hitching, the truck drives the trailer to move, and after a period of time, the traction seat central mechanism is separated under the action of traction force, so that the traction pin cannot be padlock, and unhooking is caused in the moving process, and at the moment, the truck is in a high-speed moving state, the trailer loses traction force, and the truck is separated from the truck and freely runs by self inertia, so that great potential safety hazards can be caused to personnel and property along the road.

Referring to an automatic tractor saddle with a Chinese patent publication number of CN109383645A and a use method thereof, although the arrangement mode of the scheme can achieve the purpose of detecting whether the lock hook and the trailer are in normal working conditions or not, safety detection is incomplete, only rotation of the hook can be detected singly, whether a traction pin is in place in the hook or not can not be detected, and meanwhile, whether safety of an operating lever is good or not can not be monitored, and meanwhile, the traction seat still cannot achieve the purpose of comprehensive safety.

Referring to the device for detecting and indicating the position of an automobile clutch assembly, which is disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN101180204B, the solution can only realize sensor detection in the traction seat, does not disclose safety detection in the detailed position of the traction seat, and cannot detect and analyze the fracture, existence and abrasion loss of the traction hook, the traction pin, the safety device and the supporting leg pin shaft in the traction seat, so as to realize early safety precaution on the traction seat, thus the safety detection effect is poor, the safety of the traction seat cannot be ensured more comprehensively, the purpose of more comprehensive safety detection on the inside of the traction seat cannot be achieved, and the use of the traction seat is quite unfavorable.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the traction seat with the safety system and the hanging state detection method, solves the problem that the traction seat is easy to have great potential safety hazards due to the fact that a traction pin is not in butt joint with a wedge block or the traction seat is in a false hanging state in the use process, achieves the aim of carrying out omnibearing detection on the hanging state of the traction seat, can complete real-time monitoring of the traction seat in a cab, and realizes early safety pre-warning on the traction seat.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the traction seat with the safety system comprises a shell assembly used as a carrier for installing each mechanism, wherein a traction hook mechanism used for engaging and locking a traction pin on a semitrailer is arranged in the center position inside the shell assembly, a movable operating lever mechanism is arranged in the shell assembly, the movable end of the operating lever mechanism is connected with a wedge block sliding on the inner wall of the shell assembly, and the operating lever mechanism is used for controlling the wedge block to slide and lock when the traction hook mechanism is closed;

the shell assembly is provided with a safety mechanism for fixing the operating lever mechanism, the shell assembly is provided with a support leg assembly for mounting the safety mechanism on the semi-trailer traction vehicle, and the shell assembly is internally provided with a safety detection system for detecting the joint condition of the traction pin and the traction hook mechanism.

Further, the safety detection system comprises a hitching state detection component for detecting the state of a hitching traction pin of the traction hook mechanism, a control rod detection component for detecting the state of a control rod mechanism, and a trailer surface detection component for detecting the distance between the control rod mechanism and the trailer surface, wherein the hitching state detection component, the control rod detection component and the trailer surface detection component are all arranged in the shell assembly.

Further, the hooking state detecting component comprises,

the traction hook position sensing matrix is arranged at the rotation connection position of the traction hook mechanism and the shell assembly and is used for detecting whether the tail end of the traction hook mechanism exists or not and judging whether the traction hook mechanism is opened in place or disconnected or not;

the traction pin position sensing matrix is arranged below the traction hook mechanism and is used for detecting the butt joint in-place condition of the traction pin on the semitrailer when the wedge block is in the leftmost open state;

and the wedge block position sensing matrix is arranged on the right side of the wedge block and is used for detecting the in-place closing state when the wedge block is positioned on the right side.

Further, the joystick detection assembly includes,

the pull rod position sensing matrix is arranged at the upper position of the pull rod in the control rod mechanism and is used for detecting the fluctuation position and the distance of the pull rod in the control rod mechanism;

the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix is arranged below the safety mechanism and is used for detecting the position of a cantilever of the safety mechanism;

the detection swing rod position sensing matrix is arranged below the swing rod at the lower end of the control rod mechanism and is used for detecting the normal return state of the swing rod at the lower end.

Further, the trailer surface detection assembly includes,

the sensing end is perpendicular to the downward trailer surface position sensing matrix of the shell assembly, and the trailer surface position sensing matrix is used for detecting the trailer surface distance and judging whether the trailer height is proper or not;

the support leg pin shaft sensing matrix is arranged on the inner wall of the support leg hole of the support leg assembly and is used for detecting displacement and abrasion loss of the pin shaft in the support leg hole.

Further, the fifth wheel includes, but is not limited to, any of a short rocker type, a straight pull type, a long rocker type, a double rocker type, and a double hook type.

The invention also provides a hitch detection method of the fifth wheel with the safety system, which comprises the following steps:

s1, acquiring real-time sensing data of a safety detection system on the state of a traction seat;

s2, judging the hooking state of the traction seat according to the sensing data;

s3, sending the hanging state to an alarm.

Further, in step S2, the judging of the hitching state of the fifth wheel according to the sensing data includes the following different states, and the specific states are as follows:

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix do not detect signals, the traction seat is in an open state at the moment, and no faults exist;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix and the wedge block position sensing matrix have no signals, the trailer surface position sensing matrix has signals which indicate that the trailer is not effectively connected in a butt joint mode;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have no signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix has signals, the wedge block and the trailer are represented to be faulty, namely the trailer is separated, but the traction pin is not separated;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix and the wedge block position sensing matrix have no signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have signals, the wedge block fault is represented;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism, the position sensing matrix of the traction pin and the position sensing matrix of the trailer surface are not provided with signals, the position sensing matrix of the wedge block is provided with signals, and the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state, namely the safety mechanism and the wedge block are in fault;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism and the position sensing matrix of the traction pin are not provided with signals, and the position sensing matrix of the wedge block and the position sensing matrix of the trailer surface are provided with signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state, namely the safety mechanism and the wedge block are in fault and are not hung;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have no signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix and the wedge block position sensing matrix have signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state, namely the safety mechanism and the trailer have faults, the trailer is separated, and the traction pin is not separated;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism is not provided with signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix are provided with signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state, namely the safety mechanism is in fault;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism has signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have no signals, the fault or damage of the central mechanism is indicated;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism and the position sensing matrix of the trailer surface have signals, and the position sensing matrix of the traction pin and the position sensing matrix of the wedge block have no signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state and fails, namely the central mechanism fails or is damaged and is not hung;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism and the position sensing matrix of the traction pin have signals, and the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have no signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state and fails, namely, the wedge block and the trailer fail, the trailer is separated, and the traction pin is not separated;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have signals, and the wedge block position sensing matrix has no signals, the wedge block fault is represented;

when the safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism and the wedge block position sensing matrix have signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have no signals, the empty mounting is represented;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have signals, and the traction pin position sensing matrix has no signals, the traction pin position sensing matrix is not hung;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix and the wedge block position sensing matrix have signals, and the trailer surface position sensing matrix has no signals, the traction seat is in a virtual hanging state, namely, the trailer is in fault, the trailer is separated, and the traction pin is not separated;

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have signals, the traction seat is in a mounting state.

Further, the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix is in direct proportion to the trailer surface distance, and when the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix exceeds a T2 value, the condition that the distance between the trailer and the saddle is too large is indicated, and the risk of falling off is possibly caused by unstable traction pin installation;

when the intensity of the output signal of the trailer surface position sensing matrix is lower than the T1 value, the abrasion of the upper surface of the saddle is serious, the thickness is lower than a safety threshold value, and the intensity risk exists.

Further, the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix is in direct proportion to the abrasion of the traction pin or the traction hook, and when the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix exceeds a T2 value, the fact that the distance from the traction pin to the hanging state is too large is indicated, and the traction pin is possibly damaged or not connected in a butt joint manner;

when the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix is lower than the T1 value, the traction pin or the traction hook possibly wears, the safety thickness of the traction pin or the traction hook is lower than the safety threshold, and the intensity risk exists.

By means of the technical scheme, the invention provides the traction seat with the safety system and the hanging state detection method, which at least have the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the sensor for detecting the state converts different state signals into signals which can be identified by the vehicle-mounted ECU system, so that the state of the vehicle is controlled to ensure the safe trip, timely and effective information support is provided for the analysis of the state and the problem of the vehicle by a driver, the driver can complete the real-time monitoring of the traction seat in the cab, the driver does not need to get off to check whether the trailer is well hung or not, the real-time safety detection can be carried out on the state that the traction pin is not hung on the wedge block in a butt joint and the false hanging state is carried out, the safety is greatly improved, and the monitoring of the traction seat by the driver is well facilitated.

2. The invention can realize detection and analysis of the fracture, existence and abrasion loss of the traction hook, the traction pin, the safety mechanism and the support pin shaft in the traction seat, realize early safety precaution of the traction seat, ensure the safety of the traction seat more comprehensively with good safety detection effect, and well achieve the aim of omnibearing detection of the hooking state of the traction seat, thereby detecting the hooking state of the traction seat and ensuring the safety.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short swing link traction seat of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the safety detection system of the present invention distributed on a short swing link fifth wheel;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the proportional relationship between the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix and the trailer surface distance;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the safety detection system of the present invention distributed on a long swing link fifth wheel;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the safety detection system of the present invention distributed on a pull-up fifth wheel.

In the figure: 1. a housing assembly; 2. a towing hook mechanism; 3. a joystick mechanism; 4. wedge blocks; 5. a safety mechanism; 6. a leg assembly; 7. a security detection system; 71. a hooking state detecting component; 72. a joystick detection assembly; 73. a trailer surface detection assembly; 711. a tow hook position sensing matrix; 712. a kingpin position sensing matrix; 713. wedge position sensing matrix; 721. a tie rod position sensing matrix; 722. a safety sensing matrix of the safety mechanism; 723. a swing rod position sensing matrix; 731. a trailer surface position sensing matrix; 732. the pin roll sensing matrix.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Fig. 1-5 illustrate one embodiment of the present invention: a traction seat with a safety system comprises a shell assembly 1 serving as a mounting carrier of each mechanism, a traction hook mechanism 2 used for engaging and locking a traction pin on a semitrailer is arranged in the center position inside the shell assembly 1, a movable operating lever mechanism 3 is arranged in the shell assembly 1, the movable end of the operating lever mechanism 3 is connected with a wedge block 4 sliding on the inner wall of the shell assembly 1, and the operating lever mechanism 3 is used for controlling the wedge block 4 to slide and lock the traction hook mechanism 2 when the traction hook mechanism 2 is closed.

The safety mechanism 5 for fixing the control lever mechanism 3 is arranged on the shell assembly 1, the support leg assembly 6 for installing the safety mechanism on the semi-trailer traction vehicle is arranged on the shell assembly 1, the safety detection system 7 for detecting the joint condition of the traction pin and the traction hook mechanism 2 is arranged in the shell assembly 1, the safety detection system 7 comprises a hanging state detection assembly 71 for detecting the hanging state of the traction pin of the traction hook mechanism 2, a control lever detection assembly 72 for detecting the state of the control lever mechanism 3, and a trailer surface detection assembly 73 for detecting the distance between the control lever and the trailer surface, and the hanging state detection assembly 71, the control lever detection assembly 72 and the trailer surface detection assembly 73 are all arranged in the shell assembly 1.

The hooking state detecting component 71 comprises a towing hook position sensing matrix 711 arranged at the rotation connection position of the towing hook mechanism 2 and the shell assembly 1, wherein the towing hook position sensing matrix 711 is used for detecting whether the tail end of the towing hook mechanism 2 exists or not and judging whether the towing hook mechanism is opened in place or disconnected; a kingpin position sensing matrix 712 mounted below the hitch mechanism 2, the kingpin position sensing matrix 712 being configured to detect a condition of docking of a kingpin on a semitrailer when the wedge 4 is in a leftmost open position; a wedge position sensing matrix 713 mounted on the right side of the wedge 4, the wedge position sensing matrix 713 being configured to detect the in-place closure of the wedge 4 when it is on the right side.

The lever detection assembly 72 includes a lever position sensing matrix 721 installed at a position above the lever in the lever mechanism 3, the lever position sensing matrix 721 for detecting a varying position and distance of the lever in the lever mechanism 3; a safety mechanism safety sensing matrix 722 installed below the safety mechanism 5, wherein the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix 722 is used for detecting the position of a cantilever of the safety mechanism 5; the detection swing rod position sensing matrix 723 is arranged below the swing rod at the lower end of the operating rod mechanism 3, and the detection swing rod position sensing matrix 723 is used for detecting the normal return state of the swing rod at the lower end.

The trailer surface detection component 73 comprises a trailer surface position sensing matrix 731 with a sensing end vertical to the shell assembly 1 downwards, wherein the trailer surface position sensing matrix 731 is used for detecting the distance between the trailer surfaces and judging whether the height of the trailer is proper or not; the supporting leg pin shaft sensing matrix 732 is arranged on the inner wall of the 6 supporting leg holes of the supporting leg assembly, and the supporting leg pin shaft sensing matrix 732 is used for detecting the displacement and the abrasion loss of the pin shafts in the supporting leg holes.

The hitch hook position sensing matrix 711, hitch pin position sensing matrix 712, chock block position sensing matrix 713, tie rod position sensing matrix 721, safety mechanism safety sensing matrix 722, swing link position sensing matrix 723, and foot pin shaft sensing matrix 732 are all position sensors of model GUH, and the trailer face position sensing matrix 731 is a photoelectric distance sensor of model SG-2 BC.

According to the embodiment, the sensor for detecting the state converts different state signals into signals which can be recognized by the vehicle-mounted ECU system, so that the state of the vehicle is controlled to ensure the purpose of safe trip, timely and effective information support is provided for the analysis of the state and the problem of the vehicle by a driver, the driver can complete real-time monitoring of the traction seat in a cab, the driver does not need to get off to check whether the trailer is hung up or not, the real-time safety detection can be carried out on the state that the traction pin is not hung up and is falsely hung up by the wedge, the safety is greatly improved, and the monitoring of the traction seat by the driver is very convenient.

The embodiment also provides a hitch detecting method for a fifth wheel, which comprises the following steps:

s3, sending the hanging state to an alarm.

In step S2, the judging of the hitching state of the fifth wheel according to the sensing data includes the following different states, and the specific states are as follows:

when the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix and the trailer surface position sensing matrix have signals, the traction seat is in a mounting state;

referring to fig. 3, the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix is directly proportional to the trailer surface distance, and when the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix exceeds the value T2, it indicates that the distance between the trailer and the saddle is too large (the distance exceeds D1-D2), and there is a risk of falling off if the traction pin is not firmly installed;

when the intensity of the output signal of the trailer surface position sensing matrix is lower than a T1 value, the abrasion of the upper surface of the saddle is possibly serious, the thickness is lower than a safety threshold value, and the intensity risk exists;

the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix is in direct proportion to the abrasion of the traction pin or the traction hook, and when the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix exceeds a T2 value, the traction pin is indicated to be too far away from the hanging state (the distance exceeds D1-D2), and the traction pin is possibly damaged or not connected in a butt joint manner;

when the intensity of the output signal of the traction pin position sensing matrix is lower than a T1 value, the traction pin or the traction hook possibly wears, the safety thickness of the traction pin or the traction hook is lower than a safety threshold, and intensity risks exist; referring to fig. 4 and fig. 5, the foregoing description of the foregoing scheme is one of the short swing link structures in the conventional single-hook traction seat, and the embodiment may be further translated into any one of the straight pull type, the long swing link type, the double swing link type and the double hook type in the conventional single-hook traction seat through the foregoing description scheme, and the detection modes of the traction seat in other forms are all selected by the sensor positions, and the detection of the area positions of the product pieces with similar functional components can be realized.

The specific working conditions of the hitch detection method of the fifth wheel of this embodiment are shown in table 1.

Table 1 fault details table of monitoring method for safety monitoring fifth wheel

In table 1, sensor a is a safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, wherein "+" for sensor a indicates a safety lock signal and "-" indicates a non-safety unlock signal; sensor B is a central system sensing and detecting component, wherein "+" corresponding to sensor B represents a central system opening signal, and "-" represents a central system locking signal; the sensor C is a traction pin position sensing matrix, wherein "+" corresponding to the sensor C represents a traction pin in-place signal, and "-" represents a traction pin disengagement signal; the sensor D is a trailer surface position sensing matrix, the "+" corresponding to the sensor D indicates a trailer surface in-place signal, and the "-" indicates a trailer surface out-of-place signal.

Specifically, the traction hook position sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix, the pull rod position sensing matrix, the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the swing rod position sensing matrix and the support pin shaft sensing matrix are in linkage fit use in the use process, and are designed and installed to be used in any combination according to the actual use condition of a user, and if all the traction hook position sensing matrix, the traction pin position sensing matrix, the wedge block position sensing matrix, the pull rod position sensing matrix, the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix, the swing rod position sensing matrix and the support pin shaft sensing matrix are relatively high in cost, but the safety is highest.

This implementation can realize detecting the analysis to the inside hook, the towing pin of towing, safety mechanism and stabilizer blade round pin axle of towing, have or not and the wearing and tearing volume, realizes carrying out the safety precaution in advance to the towing seat, and safety detection is effectual, more comprehensive assurance towing seat's safety, fine reached the purpose of carrying out more comprehensive safety detection to the inside of towing seat to detect the articulated state of towing seat, guarantee the security.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fifth wheel with safety system, comprising a housing assembly (1) as a mounting carrier for each mechanism, characterized in that: the center position inside the shell assembly (1) is provided with a traction hook mechanism (2) for engaging and locking a traction pin on a semitrailer, the shell assembly (1) is internally provided with a movable control rod mechanism (3), the movable end of the control rod mechanism (3) is connected with a wedge block (4) sliding on the inner wall of the shell assembly (1), and the control rod mechanism (3) is used for controlling the wedge block (4) to slide and lock the traction hook mechanism (2) when the traction hook mechanism (2) is closed;

the shell assembly (1) is provided with a safety mechanism (5) for fixing the operating lever mechanism (3), the shell assembly (1) is provided with a support leg assembly (6) for mounting the support leg assembly on the semi-trailer traction vehicle, and the shell assembly (1) is internally provided with a safety detection system (7) for detecting the joint condition of the traction pin and the traction hook mechanism (2).

2. The fifth wheel of claim 1, wherein: the safety detection system (7) comprises a hanging state detection assembly (71) for detecting the state of a hanging traction pin of the traction hook mechanism (2), a control rod detection assembly (72) for detecting the state of the control rod mechanism (3), and a trailer surface detection assembly (73) for detecting the distance between the vehicle surface and the trailer surface, wherein the hanging state detection assembly (71), the control rod detection assembly (72) and the trailer surface detection assembly (73) are all arranged in the shell assembly (1).

3. The fifth wheel of claim 2, wherein: the hooking state detecting component (71) comprises,

the traction hook position sensing matrix (711) is arranged at the rotation connection position of the traction hook mechanism (2) and the shell assembly (1), and the traction hook position sensing matrix (711) is used for detecting whether the tail end of the traction hook mechanism (2) exists or not and judging whether the traction hook mechanism is opened in place or disconnected;

a traction pin position sensing matrix (712) arranged below the traction hook mechanism (2), wherein the traction pin position sensing matrix (712) is used for detecting the butt joint in-place condition of the traction pin on the semitrailer when the wedge block (4) is in the leftmost open state;

and the wedge block position sensing matrix (713) is arranged on the right side of the wedge block (4), and the wedge block position sensing matrix (713) is used for detecting the in-place closing state when the wedge block (4) is positioned on the right side.

4. The fifth wheel of claim 2, wherein: the joystick detection assembly (72) includes,

a lever position sensing matrix (721) installed at a position above the lever in the lever mechanism (3), the lever position sensing matrix (721) being for detecting a varying position and distance of the lever in the lever mechanism (3);

a safety mechanism safety sensing matrix (722) arranged below the safety mechanism (5), wherein the safety mechanism safety sensing matrix (722) is used for detecting the position of a cantilever of the safety mechanism (5);

the detection swing rod position sensing matrix (723) is arranged below the swing rod at the lower end of the control rod mechanism (3), and the detection swing rod position sensing matrix (723) is used for detecting the normal return state of the swing rod at the lower end.

5. The fifth wheel of claim 2, wherein: the trailer surface detection assembly (73) includes,

the sensing end vertical shell assembly (1) comprises a downward trailer surface position sensing matrix (731), wherein the trailer surface position sensing matrix (731) is used for detecting the distance between the trailer surfaces and judging whether the height of the trailer is proper or not;

and the support pin shaft sensing matrix (732) is arranged on the inner wall of the support pin hole of the support pin assembly (6), and the support pin shaft sensing matrix (732) is used for detecting the displacement and the abrasion loss of the pin shaft in the support pin hole.

6. The fifth wheel of claim 1, wherein: the fifth wheel includes, but is not limited to, any of a short rocker, a straight pull, a long rocker, a double rocker, and a double hook.

7. A method for detecting the hitch condition of a fifth wheel, using a fifth wheel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

s3, sending the hanging state to an alarm.

8. The hitch state detection method of a fifth wheel of claim 7, wherein: in step S2, the judging of the hitching state of the fifth wheel according to the sensing data includes the following different states, and the specific states are as follows:

9. The hitch state detection method of a fifth wheel of claim 7, wherein: the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix is in direct proportion to the trailer surface distance, and when the output signal intensity of the trailer surface position sensing matrix exceeds a T2 value, the condition that the distance between the trailer and the saddle is too large is indicated, and the risk of falling off is possibly caused by unstable traction pin installation;

10. The hitch state detection method of a fifth wheel of claim 7, wherein: the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix is in direct proportion to the abrasion of the traction pin or the traction hook, and when the output signal intensity of the traction pin position sensing matrix exceeds a T2 value, the fact that the distance from the traction pin to the hanging state is too large is indicated, and the traction pin is possibly damaged or not connected in a butt joint manner;