CN116493005B - ReO (Reo)2/TiO2Re composite photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
ReO (Reo)2/TiO2Re composite photocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002057 nanoflower Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910019599 ReO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/36—Rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/002—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by dehydrogenation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/39—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester
- C07C67/40—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester by oxidation of primary alcohols
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and discloses a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. In the catalyst, tiO 2 is in an anatase spherical nano flower shape, reO 2 particles and Re particles grow on the surface of TiO 2, (the mass ratio of ReO 2+Re)∶TiO2 is (0.5-8) to 100. (1), ammonium perrhenate and anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 are added into a solvent and uniformly dispersed, (2) the suspension obtained in the step (1) is evaporated at 80-100 ℃ to remove the solvent, and then the rest solid product is baked at 450-550 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or argon-hydrogen mixed gas for 3-9 h to obtain the catalyst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Titanium dioxide is used as a typical semiconductor photocatalyst, has the characteristics of no toxicity, high abundance, low price and the like, and can be used in the field of photolysis of water to produce hydrogen so as to solve the problems of energy crisis, low carbon emission and the like in the current world. However, titanium dioxide has low sunlight utilization rate and photocatalytic quantum efficiency due to the problems of wide band gap, easiness in recombination of photo-generated electrons and the like, and cannot meet the industrial requirements, so that improvement and design are needed. In addition, the photo-generated electrons are utilized to photolyze water to produce hydrogen and simultaneously utilize photo-generated holes, so that the co-production of the hydrogen and the organic products with high added values is more significant for practical industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of extremely low hydrogen production efficiency of photolysis water of a titanium dioxide catalyst in the prior art, and provides a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst, wherein TiO 2 is in an anatase spherical nano flower shape, reO 2 particles and Re particles grow on the surface of TiO 2, and the mass ratio of ReO 2 + Re)∶TiO2 is (0.5-8) to 100, wherein ReO 2 +Re is calculated by the total amount of metal Re.
Preferably, (ReO 2 + Re)∶TiO2 mass ratio is 1:100.
The preparation method of the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding ammonium perrhenate and anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 into a solvent, and uniformly dispersing; the solvent is water, absolute ethyl alcohol or methanol; the mass ratio of the ammonium perrhenate to the TiO 2 is (0.7-11.5) to 100, and the mass ratio of the ammonium perrhenate to the solvent is (0.7-11.5) mg to (30-50) mL;
(2) Evaporating the suspension obtained in the step (1) at 80-100 ℃ to remove the solvent, and roasting the residual solid product at 450-550 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or argon-hydrogen mixed gas for 3-9 h to obtain the catalyst.
Preferably, the hydrogen in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas accounts for 10-20 vol percent, and the hydrogen in the argon-hydrogen mixed gas accounts for 10-20 vol percent.
Preferably, the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 is prepared by the following steps:
(a) Adding tetrabutyl titanate into glacial acetic acid according to the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to glacial acetic acid= (0.5-2) to (30-50), and stirring to obtain emulsion; crystallizing the emulsion at 120-250deg.C for 6-15 h deg.C, naturally cooling to room temperature, removing supernatant, centrifuging, washing precipitate, and drying;
(b) And (c) roasting the dried product obtained in the step (a) at 400-600 ℃ for 2-4 h to obtain the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2.
Preferably, in step (a), tetrabutyl titanate is added into glacial acetic acid and stirred for 1-2 h to obtain emulsion.
Preferably, in step (a), the centrifugal washing is performed by washing with water and then washing with ethanol.
Preferably, in step (a), 12-18 h is dried at 80-100deg.C.
The ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst is applied to the preparation of hydrogen by photocatalytic hydrolysis or the preparation of propyl propionate by photocatalytic n-propanol.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can not only improve the reaction rate of producing hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting from 0.02 mmol.h -1·g-1 of pure titanium dioxide to 3.75 mmol.h -1·g-1, and improves the reaction rate by more than 187 times; the invention can also realize photocatalysis n-propanol decomposition and coupling reaction of hydrogen production, propionaldehyde and propyl propionate, wherein the conversion rate of n-propanol is 100%, and the selectivity of propyl propionate is 35%, so the invention is a method for solving energy crisis and has potential industrial applicability, and is a green synthesis means for producing ester substances.
Drawings
Fig. 1: electron Microscope (SEM) test of TiO 2 prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2: electron microscope photographs of 1wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests prepared in example 2.
Fig. 3: electron micrographs of 1 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) test prepared in example 2.
Fig. 4: a spectrum of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 1wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re prepared in example 2.
Fig. 5: characterization of Ti 2、0.5-8 wt% ReO2/TiO2/Re、ReO2 +Re prepared in examples 1-7 by X-ray diffractometry (XRD).
Fig. 6: a hydrogen production rate diagram (a) for producing hydrogen by photocatalytic hydrolysis and a rate diagram (b) for producing hydrogen, propyl propionate and propionaldehyde by photocatalytic n-propanol.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below for the purpose of making the present invention clearer and more specific. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) Tetrabutyl titanate (the mass concentration of the tetrabutyl titanate is more than 99%) produced by 1.5 mL national pharmaceutical group chemical reagent company is added into glacial acetic acid of 30 mL, and stirred for 1h to obtain emulsion; transferring the obtained emulsion into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle with a stainless steel substrate, and crystallizing the reaction kettle at a temperature of 150 ℃ for 12 h;
(2) After the reaction kettle in the step (1) is naturally cooled to room temperature, taking out the reaction liquid in the polytetrafluoroethylene reactor, washing and centrifuging for 4 times by using deionized water after supernatant is discarded, washing and centrifuging for 2 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying for 15 h at the temperature of 85 ℃;
(3) And (3) roasting the dried product obtained in the step (2) in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ for 3h to obtain the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2.
Example 2
A preparation method of a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Adding 0.0015 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain 40 min, adding 0.1000 g of TiO 2 prepared in example 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture to obtain a suspension, wherein the suspension is obtained by continuing ultrasonic treatment on 1.5 h;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, transferring the rest product into a tube furnace protected by argon-hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6 h at 500 ℃ to obtain the 1 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst (the total content of metal rhenium in the catalyst accounts for the percentage of TiO 2, and the same shall apply hereinafter, and no further description is given).
Example 3
A preparation method of a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Adding 0.0007 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain 40 min, adding 0.1000 g of TiO 2 prepared in example 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture to obtain a suspension, wherein the suspension is obtained by continuing ultrasonic treatment on 1.5 h;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, and transferring the residual product into a tube furnace protected by nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6h at 500 ℃ to obtain the 0.5 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst.
Example 4
A preparation method of a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Adding 0.0029 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain 40 min, adding 0.1000 g TiO 2 prepared in example 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture to obtain 1.5 h suspension;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, and transferring the residual product into a tube furnace protected by nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6h at 500 ℃ to obtain the 2 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst.
Example 5
A preparation method of a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Adding 0.0058 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, then performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain 40 min, then adding 0.1000 g TiO 2 prepared in example 1, and continuing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture to obtain 1.5 h suspension;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, and transferring the residual product into a tube furnace protected by a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6h at 500 ℃ to obtain the 4 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst.
Example 6
A preparation method of a ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Adding 0.0115 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain 40 min, adding 0.1000 g of TiO 2 prepared in example 1, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture to obtain a suspension, wherein the suspension is obtained by continuing ultrasonic treatment on 1.5 h;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, and transferring the residual product into a tube furnace protected by a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6 h at 500 ℃ to obtain the 8wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst.
Example 7
The preparation method of ReO 2 +Re comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 0.0015 g ammonium perrhenate into 40 mL absolute ethyl alcohol, and then performing ultrasonic treatment on the mixture by an ultrasonic machine to obtain a suspension;
(2) And (3) placing the suspension obtained in the step (1) into an oven at 85 ℃ for evaporating and removing ethanol, and transferring the residual product into a tube furnace protected by argon-hydrogen mixed gas (wherein hydrogen accounts for 20 vol%), and roasting for 6 h at 500 ℃ to obtain ReO 2 +Re.
Characterization of the product
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test of TiO 2 prepared in example 1; as can be seen from fig. 1: the shape of the prepared TiO 2 is spherical nanometer flower shape.
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a 1 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test prepared in example 2; from fig. 2 it can be seen that ReO 2 particles and Re particles grow on the surface of TiO 2.
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of a 1wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) test prepared in example 2; as can be seen from fig. 3: the crystal face (020) of ReO 2 has a lattice spacing of 0.24nm; a crystal face (101) of Re, the lattice spacing being 0.21nm; the crystal face (101) of TiO 2 has a lattice spacing of 0.35nm; it is well demonstrated that ReO 2 and Re co-grow on the surface of TiO 2.
FIG. 4 is a spectrum of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 1 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re prepared in example 2; the valence states of Ti, O, re can be seen in FIG. 4, indicating the presence of these elements in the sample.
FIG. 5 is a representation of the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) of Ti 2、0.5-8 wt% ReO2/TiO2/Re、ReO2 +Re prepared in examples 1-7; as can be seen from fig. 5: the XRD patterns of the ReO 2 +Re samples prepared in example 7 are consistent with the standard PDF cards 09-0274 of ReO 2 and the standard PDF cards 05-0702 of Re, and the XRD patterns of the TiO 2 samples prepared in example 1 are consistent with the standard PDF cards 21-1272 of TiO 2; from XRD patterns of 4 wt% and 8 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re, it can be seen that there is both a peak of ReO 2 +Re and a peak of TiO 2, thus indicating that the catalyst is a very well composited sample of ReO 2, re and TiO 2, whereas 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 2wt% of the sample of ReO 2/TiO2/Re has a low component content and a higher XRD detection limit, so there is no significant diffraction peak, but the results of the HRTEM of FIG. 3 fully confirm the co-presence of ReO 2 and Re.
Performance testing
The products TiO 2 and 0.5-8 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re、ReO2 +Re prepared in examples 1-7 of 0.025 g are uniformly dispersed in 90 mL water and 10 mL triethanolamine solution respectively, and detected by Beijing-Porphy photocatalytic hydrogen production equipment Labsolar A and Japanese Shimadzu GC-2014C gas chromatography.
0.025 G of the product prepared in example 2, 1 wt% ReO 2/TiO2/Re and 100mL of n-propanol are formed into a mixed solution, and the mixed solution is detected by a Beijing Porphy light hydrogen production system test, a Shimadzu GC-2014C chromatograph and a QP2010 Ultra gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.
FIG. 6 is a graph (a) of the hydrogen production rate of photocatalytic hydrolysis hydrogen production and a graph (b) of the rates of photocatalytic n-propanol hydrogen production, propyl propionate, and propionaldehyde production. As can be clearly seen from fig. 6 (a): the hydrogen production rate of the photocatalytic hydrolysis of the pure TiO 2 prepared by the invention is 0.02 mmol.h -1·g-1,0.5 wt%、1 wt%、2 wt%、4 wt%、8wt% ReO2/TiO2/Re, the hydrogen production rate of the photocatalytic hydrolysis is 2.39 mmol·h-1·g-1、3.75 mmol·h-1·g-1、3.09 mmol·h-1·g-1、2.66 mmol·h-1·g-1、1.84 mmol·h-1·g-1,, which is obviously improved compared with the hydrogen production rate of the pure TiO 2 of 0.02 mmol.h -1·g-1, and the improvement effects are respectively 119 times, 187 times, 154 times, 133 times and 92 times, which fully shows that the hydrogen production rate of the modified product of the invention is greatly improved compared with that of the pure TiO 2, and particularly 1 wt percent of ReO 2/TiO2/Re is optimal. As can be clearly seen from fig. 6 (b): the photocatalytic n-propanol with the hydrogen production rate of 1 wt percent of ReO 2/TiO2/Re is 1.112 mmol.h -1·g-1, the propionaldehyde production rate is 0.725 mmol.h -1·g-1, and the propyl propionate production rate is 0.198 mmol.h -1·g-1, wherein the conversion rate of n-propanol is 100 percent, and the propyl propionate selectivity is 35 percent.
Claims (9)
1. A ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst is characterized in that: in the catalyst, tiO 2 is in an anatase spherical nano flower shape, reO 2 particles and Re particles grow on the surface of TiO 2, the mass ratio of ReO 2+Re)∶TiO2 is (0.5-8) to 100, and ReO 2 +Re is calculated by the total amount of metal Re.
2. The ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: (the mass ratio of ReO 2+Re)∶TiO2 is 1:100.
3. A method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adding ammonium perrhenate and anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 into a solvent, and uniformly dispersing; the solvent is water, absolute ethyl alcohol or methanol; the mass ratio of the ammonium perrhenate to the TiO 2 is (0.7-11.5) to 100, and the mass ratio of the ammonium perrhenate to the solvent is (0.7-11.5) mg to (30-50) mL;
(2) Evaporating the suspension obtained in the step (1) at 80-100 ℃ to remove the solvent, and roasting the residual solid product at 450-550 ℃ under the atmosphere of nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas or argon-hydrogen mixed gas for 3-9 h to obtain the catalyst.
4. The method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas accounts for 10-20 vol percent, and the hydrogen in the argon-hydrogen mixed gas accounts for 10-20 vol percent.
5. The method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 3, wherein the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2 is prepared by the following steps:
(a) Adding tetrabutyl titanate into glacial acetic acid according to the volume ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to glacial acetic acid= (0.5-2) to (30-50), and stirring to obtain emulsion; crystallizing the emulsion at 120-250deg.C for 6-15 h deg.C, naturally cooling to room temperature, removing supernatant, centrifuging, washing precipitate, and drying;
(b) And (c) roasting the dried product obtained in the step (a) at 400-600 ℃ for 2-4 h to obtain the anatase spherical nano flower-shaped TiO 2.
6. The method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (a), tetrabutyl titanate is added into glacial acetic acid and stirred for 1-2 h to obtain emulsion.
7. The method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (a), the centrifugal washing is performed by washing with water and then washing with ethanol.
8. The method for preparing the ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step (a), 12-18 h is dried at 80-100deg.C.
9. Use of ReO 2/TiO2/Re composite photocatalyst according to claim 1 or 2 in photocatalytic hydrolysis of hydrogen or photocatalytic n-propanol to propyl propionate.
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