CN116488126B - Pressure relief device, submarine cable system and submarine cable voltage relief method - Google Patents
Pressure relief device, submarine cable system and submarine cable voltage relief method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116488126B CN116488126B CN202310735359.2A CN202310735359A CN116488126B CN 116488126 B CN116488126 B CN 116488126B CN 202310735359 A CN202310735359 A CN 202310735359A CN 116488126 B CN116488126 B CN 116488126B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The application provides a pressure relief device, a submarine cable system and a submarine cable voltage relief method, wherein the pressure relief device can acquire surge current generated when a submarine cable line is powered off or loses power, a first relay is closed firstly, partial electric energy in the submarine cable line can be converted into heat energy through a current limiter, the surge current is reduced to be within the current bearing range of a second relay, the second relay is closed again, the current limiter is short-circuited, and therefore the residual high voltage in the submarine cable line is quickly relieved under the condition that the second relay is not damaged by the surge current. The pressure relief device reduces the time of voltage relief through two pressure relief stages, and improves the safety of the pressure relief process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of submarine optical cable transmission, in particular to a pressure relief device, a submarine cable system and a submarine cable voltage relief method.
Background
Submarine cables, also known as submarine cables, are used in long distance communication networks, such as between long distance islands, offshore facilities, etc. During operation of the submarine cable, a remote power supply system (power feeding equipment, PFE) is used to provide the submarine cable with the electrical power required for operation. The remote power supply system is provided in the end station and can convert a low voltage of-48V to a high voltage of 18kV in order to supply constant current to the underwater equipment.
When the power supply of the submarine cable is closed or an abnormal power failure condition occurs, in order to protect the remote power supply system from being damaged, the submarine cable line is required to be connected with the grounding equipment, and high voltage in the submarine cable and the remote power supply system is completely discharged, however, the voltage difference between the submarine cable line and the grounding equipment is large in the process of discharging the high voltage, surge current can be formed in the discharging process, the high voltage discharging speed is low, and the discharging time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a pressure relief device, a submarine cable system and a submarine cable voltage relief method, wherein the pressure relief device can be used for rapidly relieving high voltage in a submarine cable after eliminating surge current so as to solve the problem of long relief time in the submarine cable system pressure relief process.
In a first aspect, the application provides a pressure relief device, comprising a first relay, a second relay and a current limiter, wherein one end of the first relay is connected with a submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay is connected with the current limiter in series; the current limiter is used for reducing the surge current generated by the submarine cable circuit to be within the current bearing range of the second relay. One end of the second relay is connected with the submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay is connected between the current limiter and the first relay so as to enable the second relay to be connected with the current limiter in parallel; the second relay is used for closing when the surge current falls into the current bearing range so as to short-circuit the current limiter and discharge the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
When the first relay is closed, part of the voltage in the submarine cable line can be converted from electric energy to heat energy through a current limiter connected with the first relay in series, so that surge current in the submarine cable line is reduced. When the surge current falls into a safe current range which can be born by the second relay, the second relay can safely work, and the second relay is closed at the moment, so that the current limiter is short-circuited, and the residual voltage in the submarine cable line is discharged to the sea water. The second relay starts to work when the surge current is reduced to be within the current bearing range, so that the voltage in the submarine cable can be discharged while the second relay is not damaged.
In one implementation, the pressure relief device further includes a switching mechanism, the switching mechanism includes a signal input end and an instruction output end, the signal input end is connected with the submarine cable line, the signal input end is used for obtaining the surge current, the instruction output end is connected with the second relay, and the instruction output end is used for closing the second relay when the surge current is in a current bearing range of the second relay. The signal input end can be connected with the submarine cable line to acquire surge current in real time, and when the surge current reaches the current bearing range of the second relay, a switching instruction is output through the instruction output end, and the second relay is closed to quickly discharge residual voltage in the submarine cable line through the second relay.
In one implementation, the pressure relief device further includes a controller that establishes a communication connection with the switching mechanism, the controller configured to: starting timing when the first relay is closed; generating a switching signal after a preset time period elapses; the switching signal is used for controlling the switching mechanism to close the second relay; and then sends the switching signal to the switching mechanism. The controller can start timing when the first relay is closed, and after the surge current is reduced to a fixed duration within the current bearing range of the second relay, the controller directly controls the switching mechanism to close the second relay, so that the residual voltage is discharged.
In one implementation, the preset duration is a duration during which the surge current drops to a maximum value of the withstand current of the second relay. When the surge current is reduced to the maximum value of the bearing current of the second relay, the time is shortest, so that the residual voltage can be quickly discharged through the second relay at the first time by setting the preset time length to be the time length when the surge current is reduced to the maximum value of the bearing current of the second relay.
In one implementation, a first relay of the pressure relief device, when operated, bleeds a portion of the voltage at a first rate; the second relay is operated to discharge the residual voltage at a second rate; the first rate and the second rate are used to characterize a voltage bleed value per unit time, the first rate being less than the second rate. When the first relay is closed, the speed of the discharge voltage is the first speed due to the existence of the current limiter. When the second relay is closed, the current limiter is short-circuited by the second relay, and the residual voltage in the submarine cable is directly discharged through the circuit at a second speed which is higher than the first speed, so that the gradual voltage discharge from slow to fast is realized, and the stability of the submarine cable line voltage discharge process is improved.
In one implementation, the pressure relief device further comprises a ground cable through which the first relay is grounded, the ground cable comprising at least one ground electrode extending outside the pressure relief device, the ground electrode being in contact with sea water and/or ocean ground. The grounding cable extends to the outside of the pressure relief device through the grounding electrode and is in contact with the sea water and/or the ocean ground, so that a grounding circuit is formed with the sea water and/or the ocean ground, the sea cable voltage is discharged into the sea water and/or the ocean ground through the grounding cable, and the safe discharge of the voltage is realized.
In one implementation, the current limiter comprises a combination of one or more of a current limiting resistor, a current limiting inductance, and a semiconductor current limiting circuit. When the first relay is closed, the current limiter can convert electric energy corresponding to the surge current into other forms of energy through one or more of a current limiting resistor, a current limiting inductor and a semiconductor current limiting circuit, so that current impact caused by high surge current is relieved, and partial voltage in the submarine cable is discharged.
In one implementation, the current limiter is a current limiting resistor; the current limiting resistor is used for converting the voltage discharged by the first relay into heat energy. In the process of releasing the voltage in the submarine cable, when the current in the submarine cable passes through the current limiting resistor, the electric energy in the submarine cable is converted into heat energy through the current limiting resistor and is released through seawater, so that surge current is limited to a safe current range which can be born by the second relay, and the second relay is prevented from being damaged by surge current impact.
In one implementation, the pressure relief device further includes a heat dissipation diaphragm wrapped outside the current limiting resistor, the heat dissipation diaphragm including a heat dissipation portion made of a heat absorbing material, the heat dissipation portion being configured to absorb heat energy released by the current limiting resistor. The heat dissipation diaphragm can absorb the heat energy that the current-limiting resistor was released, alleviates the heat and piles up the overheated problem that damages of device shell that causes pressure relief device to and separation sea water dipperse, alleviate the device damage, extension pressure relief device's life.
In one implementation, one section of the second relay is connected with the submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay is connected to a circuit formed by the current limiter and the first relay, so that the second relay is connected with the current in parallel, and the second relay independently controls the closing of the pressure release circuit, and the pressure release efficiency is improved.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a submarine cable system, including a plurality of submarine cable lines, a power supply device, and the pressure relief device provided in the first aspect, where the submarine cable lines may be connected to the power supply device and the pressure relief device, respectively, and the power supply device is configured to provide power to the submarine cable lines, so as to ensure that the submarine cable lines operate normally. The pressure relief device is used for relieving the surge current in the submarine cable line so as to ensure that the voltage in the submarine cable is relieved when the pressure relief device is in a safe current range.
In one implementation, the submarine cable system further comprises a current protection device disposed between the submarine cable line and the power supply unit. The current protection device can buffer the current transmitted by the power supply device when the power supply device supplies power to the submarine cable line, and high current impact transmitted by the submarine cable line when the power supply device is started is relieved.
In a third aspect, the present application further provides a submarine cable voltage discharging method, which is applied to the submarine cable system provided in the second aspect, wherein the submarine cable system includes a pressure relief device, the pressure relief device includes a first relay, a second relay and a current limiter, and the submarine cable voltage discharging method includes:
detecting surge current in a submarine cable system;
generating a pressure relief signal according to the surge current;
controlling the first relay to be closed in response to the pressure relief signal so as to reduce the surge current to be within the current bearing range of the second relay through the current limiter;
and after the surge current is reduced to be within the current bearing range of the second relay, controlling the second relay to be closed so as to short-circuit the current limiter and discharge the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
The submarine cable voltage discharging method can detect the surge current in the submarine cable system, and converts partial voltage from electric energy into heat energy through the current limiter in the pressure relief device, so that the surge current in the submarine cable system is reduced. When the surge current falls into a safe current range which can be born by the second relay, the second relay can safely work, and the second relay is closed at the moment, so that the current limiter is short-circuited, and the residual voltage in the submarine cable system is discharged into seawater.
As can be seen from the above, the present application provides a pressure relief device, a submarine cable system and a submarine cable voltage relief method, where the pressure relief device can obtain a surge current generated when a submarine cable line is powered off or fails, close a first relay, convert part of electric energy in the submarine cable line into heat energy through a current limiter, reduce the surge current to a current bearing range of a second relay, close the second relay, and short the current limiter, so that the residual high voltage in the submarine cable line is rapidly relieved under the condition that the second relay is not damaged by the surge current. The pressure relief device reduces the time of voltage relief through two pressure relief stages, and improves the safety of the pressure relief process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional pressure relief device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an improved pressure relief device;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure relief device according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current limiter according to an embodiment of the present application to block the flow of surge current;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief device sequentially closing a first relay and a second relay in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure relief device according to a second embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a switching mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a controller sending a switching signal to a switching device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of connection of a grounding cable according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the embodiment of the application, the submarine cable is a cable capable of long-distance communication data transmission, and is also called a submarine cable line because the cable is laid on the sea floor. The submarine cable line can transmit optical communication signals between the end stations, and because the submarine cable line is in a seawater medium, the submarine cable line can effectively block the interference of external electromagnetic waves due to seawater, has low transmission delay and strong transmission capacity, and can realize a communication function of a cross-sea area. Submarine cable systems may enable long-range communications, for example, data communications may be accomplished across tens of thousands of kilometers of the ocean.
The sea cable line is laid in a cross-sea manner, the head end of the sea cable line can be fixed in the coast or the sea, the rest sea cable line is pulled through the sea transportation equipment, and finally the tail end of the sea cable is anchored at a designated position.
A plurality of underwater electrical devices may be provided on the submarine cable, and the underwater electrical devices may obtain electrical energy through a power supply device connected to the submarine cable to maintain normal operation of the underwater electrical devices. The power supply equipment can be a remote power supply system (power feeding equipment, PFE), the remote power supply system is a constant current power supply system, the remote power supply system is arranged in the end station and can provide electric energy for a submarine cable system corresponding to a submarine cable line, and particularly, the remote power supply system can safely convert low voltage of-48V into a voltage value of 18kV and provide electric energy for normal operation of underwater electrical equipment.
When the power supply of the submarine cable is turned off or abnormal power failure occurs, the power supply of the remote power supply system is required to be turned off, so that the submarine cable system is maintained, and the service life of the submarine cable system is prolonged. After the power supply of the remote power supply system is turned off, high voltage for maintaining the operation of the underwater electrical equipment remains in the remote power supply system and the submarine cable line, and in order to protect the equipment and the remote power supply system from being damaged by high voltage impact when the operation is stopped, the high voltage remaining in the remote power supply system and the submarine cable line needs to be discharged.
In the process of discharging the high voltage in the submarine cable line, as shown in fig. 1, the relay RL may be used as a switching device of the high voltage discharge, and the high voltage in the submarine cable line is discharged by closing the relay RL. The relay RL can play the roles of automatic regulation, safety protection, circuit switching and the like in the circuit. However, since the switching device is not provided with the anti-surge device at the switching point, the switching device will generate a surge current with a peak value up to 760A at the switching point at the switching instant, and the relay RL has weak capability of bearing the surge current, and the maximum surge current that can be borne is 90A. If the relay RL is used alone as a switching device for discharging high voltage, the relay RL may be damaged due to the fact that the relay RL cannot bear high surge current, and thus high voltage discharging of the submarine cable line is affected.
In order to protect the relay RL from being damaged by surge current during the high-voltage discharging process of the submarine cable, as shown in fig. 2, the switching device may be improved in some embodiments, that is, a current limiting resistor R1 connected in series with the relay RL is provided, and the current limiting resistor R1 can buffer the surge current with a high peak value, so that the surge current is limited in a current range that the relay RL can bear. For example, when a 300 Ω current limiting resistor R1 is provided, the surge current is rapidly reduced from 760A to 50A, and reaches the current bearing range of the relay RL, so that the high voltage in the submarine cable line can be discharged through the relay.
After the current limiting resistor R1 is connected in series, the current limiting resistor R1 can prevent current from passing through, so that the current limiting resistor R1 heats, namely, the current limiting resistor R1 reduces surge current in a mode of converting electric energy into heat energy, the consumed time in the process is long, the high-voltage discharge speed in the submarine cable is low, and the safety of the discharge process is reduced.
In order to improve the release speed of the submarine cable voltage and shorten the release time of the voltage in the submarine cable, some embodiments of the present application provide a pressure relief device, which can be applied to a submarine cable system to eliminate the surge current in the submarine cable line and quickly release the voltage in the submarine cable line. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the pressure relief devices all use the submarine cable line as an application object of the relief voltage, but the pressure relief module provided in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to be applied to the relief of the voltage for the submarine cable line, and may be applied to other cable lines or power supply devices that can generate a surge current in the switching process.
As shown in fig. 3, the pressure relief device includes a first relay RL1, a second relay RL2, and a restrictor Rt. One end of the first relay RL1 is connected with the submarine cable line and is used for providing a path for discharging voltage for the submarine cable line, the other end of the first relay RL1 is connected with the current limiter Rt, the first relay RL1 is connected with the current limiter Rt in series, the current limiter Rt can buffer surge current, the surge current is reduced by reducing the voltage in the submarine cable line, and therefore the first relay RL1 is protected from being damaged by high-peak current impact.
One end of the second relay RL2 is connected with the sea cable line, and the other end of the second relay RL2 is connected between the current limiter Rt and the first relay RL1, so that the second relay RL2 is connected in parallel with the current limiter Rt, thereby forming two circuits in the pressure relief device, wherein one circuit is composed of the first relay RL1 and the current limiter Rt connected with the first relay RL1 in series, and the other circuit is composed of only the second relay RL2. It should be noted that the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 are connected to the same submarine cable line, or the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 may be connected to a plurality of submarine cable lines bundled together, and the pressure relief device may release the voltage corresponding to the submarine cable lines according to the number of the connected submarine cable lines.
In the embodiment of the application, the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 may be an electromagnetic relay, a voltage relay, a time relay, a pressure relay, a thermal relay, an overvoltage relay, a static voltage relay, a hot wire relay, a solid state relay, a heat sensitive dry spring relay, or the like.
When the pressure relief device operates, because there is high peak surge current, the relay damage can be caused by surge current impact when the single relay is used for discharging, so that in order to protect the first relay RL1, the current limiter Rt is required to limit the surge current, and at the moment, the first relay RL1 is closed, and the second relay RL2 is opened. Because one end of the pressure relief device is grounded at 0 potential and the voltage present in the submarine cable line is much greater than the 0 potential in the pressure relief device, current will flow from the submarine cable line to the pressure relief device. At this time, the current limiter Rt starts to work, as shown in fig. 4, when the surge current passes through the current limiter Rt, the current limiter Rt converts part of the electric energy in the submarine cable line into other forms of energy to release the electric energy, so as to reduce the surge current, and in the process, the pressure release circuit can release part of the voltage in the submarine cable line.
Since the magnitude of the inrush current depends on the potential difference between the high voltage region and the low voltage region, i.e., the larger the potential difference, the larger the formed inrush current. Therefore, in order to perform a better current limiting function, the current limiting capability of the current limiter Rt is positively correlated with the potential difference between the high voltage area and the low voltage area, i.e. the larger the potential difference is, the larger the resistance value of the current limiter Rt is correspondingly selected.
In an embodiment of the present application, the current limiter Rt may include one or more of a current limiting resistor, a current limiting inductor, and a semiconductor current limiting circuit. The current limiting resistor may be a current limiting resistor, or may be other electronic components capable of limiting current, such as a current limiting inductor, a semiconductor, etc., or may be a combination of various electronic components, such as a current limiting resistor, a current limiting inductor, and a semiconductor circuit. When the first relay RL1 works, the current limiter Rt can relieve the current impact of high surge current and discharge partial voltage in the submarine cable so as to protect the first relay RL1 from being damaged by the surge current impact. Specifically, due to the current limiting effect of the current limiter Rt, during the operation of the surge current passing through the current limiter Rt, the electric energy corresponding to the surge current is converted into other forms of energy, such as heat energy, magnetic energy, light energy, and the like.
In one implementation, the current limiter Rt is a current limiting resistor, and the current limiting resistor can convert the voltage discharged by the first relay RL1 into heat energy to release the heat energy, so as to limit the surge current to a safe current range that the second relay RL2 can bear.
When the current limiter Rt reduces the surge current to be within the withstand current range of the second relay RL2, both the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 can operate within the safe current range. However, after the surge current decreases, the current limiter Rt still blocks the current flow in the submarine cable line, and it can be seen that after eliminating part of the surge current, the current limiter Rt affects the voltage release speed in the submarine cable line.
At this time, the pressure release device closes the second relay RL2, as shown in fig. 5, since the second relay RL2 is connected in parallel with the current limiter Rt, the current in the submarine cable line will not pass through the current limiter Rt any more, but will not block the current flow in the submarine cable line any more instead of passing through the current limiter Rt, and the submarine cable line will quickly release the residual voltage in the submarine cable line through the pressure release device.
Since the second relay RL2 is connected in parallel with the current limiter Rt, the first relay RL1 is provided on the main circuit connected in series with the parallel circuit formed by the current limiter Rt and the second relay RL2, and therefore, when the second relay RL2 is closed, the pressure release circuit in the pressure release device is controlled to be opened and closed by the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 together.
In the above embodiment, in order to complete the relief of the voltage in the submarine cable, the pressure relief device must ensure that the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 are in a closed state together. And because the voltage of the submarine cable line is larger, the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 can select to use the relay with high shock resistance.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, the first relay RL1 may also be disposed on a circuit connected in parallel with the second relay RL2, that is, one section of the second relay RL2 is connected to a submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay RL2 is connected in parallel with a circuit formed by connecting the first relay RL1 and the current limiter Rt in series. When the pressure release device closes the second relay RL2, the first relay RL1 and the current limiter Rt can be together shorted, so that the second relay RL2 can independently control the opening and closing of the pressure release circuit. Because the first relay RL1 is on the short-circuited circuit, the second relay RL2 is not affected to rapidly release the residual voltage in the submarine cable line, and at this time, in order to protect the first relay RL1, the first relay RL1 can be disconnected, so as to improve the service life of the first relay RL 1. In addition, the influence of the internal resistance in the first relay RL1 on the blocking of the discharge voltage can be eliminated, and the speed of the discharge voltage of the pressure relief device can be improved.
In one implementation, the current limiter Rt may also be a resistor with variable capability, such as a sliding varistor, which may be adjusted to a maximum value for protecting the circuit when the first relay RL1 is closed, and then slid the varistor member to reduce the resistance of the current limiter Rt to eliminate the surge current. The resistance of the sliding rheostat may be set to a constant value, for example, the resistance of the sliding rheostat is shifted to 300 Ω, so that the surge current is stably reduced. The resistance of the sliding rheostat can be adjusted according to the voltage in the bleeder circuit, for example, the voltage of the bleeder circuit is kept constant, and the resistance of the sliding rheostat is reduced according to the descending trend of the current, so that the surge current is stably reduced.
In the above embodiment, when the surge current falls to the current receiving range of the second relay RL2, there are two switching modes. The first switching mode is to adjust the resistance value of the sliding rheostat to 0 omega, at the moment, the sliding rheostat has no current limiting function, and the voltage in the submarine cable line can be directly discharged from the pressure release circuit through the first relay RL 1. The second switching mode is to close the second relay RL2, short-circuit the sliding rheostat, and discharge the voltage in the submarine cable line from the pressure release circuit through the second relay RL 2.
In order to close the second relay RL2 at the first time, the pressure relief device further needs to monitor the surge current, and the pressure relief device may further include a detection unit, where the detection unit may be a current detection instrument, and since the peak value of the surge current generated in the submarine cable line is higher, a wide-range detection instrument should be selected, for example, a wide-range current tester, a current sensor, or a current recorder, where the detection unit is used to monitor the surge current, and generate a prompt message to prompt an operator to prepare to close the second relay RL2 when the surge current is about to fall to the current bearing range of the second relay RL2.
However, since the operator cannot accurately control the falling speed of the surge current, if the second relay RL2 is closed prematurely, the surge current has not fallen to the current bearing range of the second relay RL2, causing damage to the second relay RL2. If the second relay RL2 is closed too late, the pressure release speed of the submarine cable line can be influenced, and the pressure release time is too long.
In order to accurately control the closing time point of the second relay RL2, the pressure relief device may further comprise a switching mechanism comprising a signal input and a command output. As shown in fig. 7, the signal input end of the switching mechanism is connected to the marine cable line, and the signal input end is used for acquiring the surge current and inputting the surge current as a continuous current signal. When the current limiter Rt reduces the surge current through energy conversion, the signal input end can also monitor the falling speed of the surge current continuously, and when the surge current falls into the current bearing range of the second relay RL2, or the second relay RL2 is about to fall into the current bearing range of the second relay RL2, a switching instruction is generated, and the switching instruction is sent to the instruction output end, and the switching instruction is output through the instruction output end.
In the above-described process, if the surge current falls within the current receiving range of the second relay RL2, the signal input terminal may immediately generate a switching instruction and send the switching instruction to the instruction output terminal to close the second relay RL 2. If the surge current is about to drop to the bearing range of the second relay RL2, the instruction output end can predict the time period required when the current surge current drops to the bearing current range of the second relay RL2 according to the monitored current signal, and generate a switching instruction after the corresponding time period.
The command output end is connected with the second relay RL2, and when receiving a switching command sent by the signal input end, the command output end indicates that the surge current is in the current bearing range of the second relay RL2, and the command output end executes the switching command to close the second relay RL2 so as to rapidly discharge the voltage.
In the embodiment of the application, the surge current is determined to be in the current bearing range of the second relay RL2 to be reduced according to the preset current difference value. For example, the peak value of the surge current is 760A, the maximum value of the current that the second relay RL2 can withstand is 90A, and the surge current continuously drops from 760A when the surge current passes through the current limiter Rt. At this time, 300A may be set as a current difference, that is, a time period required for the instruction output terminal to start calculating a time period required for the inrush current to reach a maximum current that can be borne by the second relay RL2 according to a current falling speed when the inrush current reaches 390A.
Since the current limiter Rt has the capability of blocking the flow of current, the current falling speed of the surge current tends to be constant, i.e., to fall at a steady speed, under the condition that the parameters of the current limiter Rt are unchanged. The time period during which the surge current falls from the peak value to a certain current value can also be calculated to predict the time period required for the surge current at the present time to fall to the maximum value of the current that the second relay RL2 can withstand. For example, taking the data of the above embodiment as an example, 130ms is used when the surge current decreases from 760A to 500A, it is possible to calculate the current decrease rate to be 2A/ms, that is, 2A per millisecond. The command output terminal can calculate the duration required by the surge current distance at the current time point to be reduced to the maximum value of the current which can be born by the second relay RL2 according to the calculated current reduction speed.
And under the condition that the current falling speed tends to be constant, the duration of time used when the surge current falls from the peak value to the bearing range of the second relay RL2 is the same, and the pressure relief device can also close the second relay RL2 according to the duration of time elapsed after the surge current is generated. The pressure relief device may also include a controller that may establish a communication connection with the switching mechanism to close the second relay RL2 via the switching mechanism. As shown in fig. 8, the controller is configured to perform the steps of:
S100: when the first relay is closed, a timer is started.
When the first relay RL1 starts to be closed, it indicates that the submarine cable line has started to eliminate the surge current through the pressure relief device, the surge current starts to drop, and at this time, timing is started to obtain the drop time of the surge current.
The circuit in which the first relay RL1 is located may also be connected to a current timer, which may automatically start counting when a current passes and automatically end counting when a current disappears. When the first relay RL1 is closed, the pressure release circuit is turned on, and the current timer can rapidly start to count.
S200: and generating a switching signal after a preset time period passes.
Wherein the switching signal is used for controlling the switching mechanism to close the second relay RL2. The preset time period is a time period used when the surge current falls from the peak value to the current receiving range of the second relay RL2. The preset duration can be obtained by performing simulation calculation on the pressure relief process of the pressure relief device through a simulation test, or can be set according to the historical pressure relief data statistical analysis result of the submarine cable line.
After a preset period of time, the surge current will drop from the peak value just generated to the current bearing range of the second relay RL2, and at this time, the controller generates a switching signal for controlling the switching mechanism to close the second relay RL2.
Since the current receiving range of the second relay RL2 is a section of a current value, for example, the current receiving range is 0A to 90A, and the time period for which the surge current of 760A at peak value decreases to 90A is smaller than the time period for which the surge current of 760A at peak value decreases to 50A. Obviously, the duration of the surge current is minimized when it drops to the maximum current value within the current bearing range. Therefore, in order to reduce the falling time of the inrush current, the preset duration may be set to a duration in which the inrush current falls from the peak value to the withstand current maximum value of the second relay RL 2.
The preset time period can also be set according to the surge bearing capacity of the second relay RL2, the stronger the surge bearing capacity of the second relay RL2 is, the higher the maximum current value of the current bearing range is, and the surge current is generated according to the high voltage in the submarine cable line, namely the peak value of the surge current is unchanged. For example, when the maximum value of the withstand current of the second relay RL2 is 120A, the first preset time period is a time period from 760A to 120A, and when the maximum value of the withstand current of the second relay RL2 is 90A, the second preset time period is a time period from 760A to 90A. Obviously, the larger the current value dropped, the shorter the time taken, with the same current peak. Therefore, the first preset time period is smaller than the second preset time period. Therefore, the stronger the surge withstand capability of the second relay, the shorter the duration taken for the surge current to fall to the current withstand range, and correspondingly, the shorter the preset duration.
S300: the switching signal is sent to the switching mechanism.
After receiving the switching signal sent by the controller, the switching mechanism can close the second relay RL2 to release the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
It should be noted that, the execution start of the controller may be performed by controlling the remote control device, for example, a corresponding control application program is provided in the remote control device, and an operator may switch the running state of the controller by controlling the control application program.
In the process of sequentially operating the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2, the voltage in the submarine cable line is discharged twice. The first relay RL1 is operated to discharge a partial voltage at a first rate, and the second relay RL2 is operated to discharge a residual voltage at a second rate. The first rate and the second rate are used to characterize the voltage bleed value per unit time. When the pressure release device closes the first relay RL1, the first relay RL1 starts to work, and the current limiter Rt can release a part of voltage while eliminating surge current.
The restrictor Rt converts this voltage in the submarine cable line into thermal energy for release into the sea or ocean floor, but the first rate is less than the second rate due to the restrictor Rt's restrictor effect. When the second relay RL2 is closed, the current limiter Rt is short-circuited, no current is limited in the pressure relief circuit, the residual voltage in the submarine cable line is directly discharged through the discharging circuit controlled by the second relay RL2, the gradual discharging of the voltage from slow to fast is realized, and the stability of the submarine cable line voltage discharging process is improved.
For safe voltage relief, the pressure relief device may further comprise a ground cable, which may drain the voltage in the sea cable circuit into the sea water. The first relay RL1 may be grounded through a ground cable to discharge the voltage in the sea cable along the ground cable. The grounding cable comprises at least one grounding electrode, the grounding electrode extends to the outside of the pressure relief device and is in contact with seawater, so that voltage is discharged into the seawater.
The ground electrode in the ground cable may extend to contact the ocean ground, and in the process of pressure relief of the pressure relief device, the voltage in the ocean cable line is released into the ocean ground through the ground cable.
In the embodiment of the application, the pressure relief device can be arranged in the ocean or on land. When the pressure relief device is arranged on land, the pressure relief device can be connected with the head end of the sea cable line, and the grounding electrode in the grounding cable extends from the pressure relief device into the sea to be contacted with sea water or sea land. Because the pressure relief device is arranged on the land, the grounding electrode can be directly contacted with the land, so that the voltage in the submarine cable line is relieved to the ground.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a grounding cable, when the pressure relief device is disposed in the ocean, as shown in fig. 9, if the pressure relief device is close to the shore land, the grounding cable can be selectively contacted with the sea, the ocean land or the land, so as to form a grounding circuit with the sea and/or the ocean land or the land, and the sea cable voltage is discharged into the sea and/or the ocean land or the land through the grounding cable, so that the safe discharge of the voltage is realized. If the pressure relief device is arranged in a deep sea area, the pressure relief device can only release the voltage in the submarine cable line into the sea water or into the ocean ground due to the fact that the pressure relief device is far away from the land, and the grounding electrode can only selectively contact the sea water and/or the ocean ground.
For quick release of heat, the pressure relief device may further comprise a heat dissipating membrane, which may comprise a heat dissipating portion made of a heat absorbing material, arranged outside the flow restrictor Rt. Taking the current limiter Rt as an example of a current limiting resistor, the heat dissipation diaphragm wraps the outside of the current limiting resistor, when the current limiting resistor converts electric energy in a submarine cable line into heat energy, the heat dissipation part can absorb a large amount of heat released by the current resistor, so that overheat damage of a shell of the pressure relief device caused by heat accumulation is relieved, sea water immersion is blocked, damage of the device is relieved, and the service life of the pressure relief device is prolonged.
If the heat is too high, the temperature of the heat dissipation part can gradually rise when the heat exceeds the heat bearing range of the heat dissipation part, and at the moment, the heat dissipation part can release part of the heat through the device shell of the pressure relief device. When the pressure relief device is arranged in the ocean, the device shell of the pressure relief device is in contact with the sea water, so that extra heat which cannot be absorbed by the heat dissipation part can be released.
However, when the submarine cable line is debugged, the submarine cable line is continuously electrified and powered off so as to test the health state of the submarine cable line. Therefore, the pressure relief device can be reciprocally circulated in the process of releasing heat and naturally cooling, but after the device shell of the pressure relief device is repeatedly heated and cooled, the material can be damaged, seawater is invaded, and the device is damaged.
In one implementation, the heat sink may extend outside the pressure relief device, and the heat sink membrane may absorb heat released by the current limiting resistor and release the heat into the sea through the heat sink extending outside the pressure relief device. The heat dissipation portion may be provided with an extended distance, and may be extended to a distance far from the pressure relief device in order not to cause heat accumulation of the seawater around the pressure relief device.
In the above embodiment, the outside of the pressure relief device may be further provided with a propeller, and the pressure relief device may drive the propeller in the pressure relief process, and at this time, the propeller may push out the high-temperature seawater stacked outside the pressure relief device, so as to fuse with the normal-temperature seawater, and reduce the temperature of the seawater near the pressure relief device. Considering that the pressure relief device can also receive the driving force of the screw propeller when pushing the sea water, therefore, the power of the screw propeller is set according to the self gravity of the pressure relief device and the buoyancy in the sea water, and the driving force of the screw propeller to the pressure relief device is ensured not to influence the connection of the pressure relief device and a sea cable circuit.
In the process of releasing the residual voltage of the submarine cable line by the pressure release device, operators also need to pay attention to the voltage release condition of the submarine cable line. For the convenience of the operator, the pressure relief device may further comprise a voltage detection device connected to the submarine cable line, and since the maximum voltage in the submarine cable line is 18kV, the maximum range of the voltage detection device should exceed 18kV. The operator can know the voltage relief condition in the submarine cable line by observing the voltage change condition in the voltage detection device.
It should be noted that, since the current limiter Rt is present in the pressure relief device, the voltage value in the voltage detection device further includes the voltage value at the current limiter Rt, and thus the actual voltage in the submarine cable line should be the difference between the voltage in the voltage detection device and the voltage at the current limiter Rt.
Based on the pressure relief device, some embodiments of the present application further provide a submarine cable system, which includes a plurality of submarine cable lines, a power supply device, and the pressure relief device, where the submarine cable lines are respectively connected with the power supply device and the pressure relief device. The power supply equipment is used for providing power for the submarine cable line, can be a current source, and can provide a constant current of 1.5A for the submarine cable line so as to maintain the normal operation of the submarine cable line. The pressure relief device may be connected to one or more submarine cable lines in the submarine cable system. The pressure relief device is used for rapidly relieving surge current in the submarine cable line. In order to rapidly bleed the voltage in the sea cable, the bleed device may comprise a first relay RL1, a second relay RL2 and a current limiter Rt, the first relay RL1 being connected in series with the current limiter Rt to eliminate the surge current through the current limiter Rt and to close the second relay RL2 to short the current limiter Rt when the current falls within the current-carrying range of the second relay RL2, bleeding the residual voltage in the sea cable line.
The submarine cable system can also supply power to electrical equipment on the sea floor when in operation, and the submarine cable system also needs to convert low voltage into high voltage so as to provide power supply reserve for the power supply equipment. In order to provide stable voltage for the power supply equipment, the submarine cable system can further comprise a remote power supply system, wherein the remote power supply system is used for safely converting low voltage of-48V into a voltage value of 18kV, providing a large amount of power supply reserve for the power supply equipment, and further providing electric energy for normal operation of the underwater electric equipment.
However, when the submarine cable system is started, high voltage can impact electrical equipment in the submarine cable system, so that current far exceeding the range of the electrical equipment exists in the electrical equipment, and the electrical equipment is damaged. In order to protect the electrical equipment in the submarine cable system, a current protection device can be further included in the submarine cable system, and the current protection device is arranged between the submarine cable line and the power supply equipment. The current protection device can be a fixed-value resistor or a sliding rheostat, and can buffer current generated by high-voltage when the submarine cable system is started, so that the damage of electric equipment in the submarine cable system caused by the impact of the current is relieved.
Based on the submarine cable system, some embodiments of the present application further provide a submarine cable voltage discharging method, where the submarine cable voltage discharging method is applied to the submarine cable system, and the method can instruct an operator to discharge a high-voltage in a remote power supply system and a submarine cable line when the power supply of the submarine cable system is switched, or when the power supply of the submarine cable system is powered off, loses power, or the quality of the power does not reach the requirements and cannot work normally, so as to protect the submarine cable system from being damaged. The submarine cable voltage discharging method comprises the following steps:
S1: and detecting the surge current in the submarine cable system.
S2: and generating a pressure release signal according to the surge current.
S3: in response to the pressure relief signal, the first relay is controlled to close to reduce the inrush current through the current limiter to within the current-carrying range of the second relay.
S4: and after the surge current is reduced to be within the current bearing range of the second relay, controlling the second relay to be closed so as to short-circuit the current limiter and discharge the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
When the power supply of the submarine cable system is switched, or the power supply of the submarine cable system is powered off, loses power or the quality of the power cannot meet the requirements and cannot work normally, surge current can be generated in the submarine cable system. When an in-rush current is detected in the submarine cable system, the submarine cable system needs to eliminate the in-rush current and discharge high voltage in the submarine cable line. At this time, the submarine cable system can generate a pressure release signal according to the surge current, and after the first relay RL1 and the second relay RL2 are sequentially closed according to the pressure release signal to eliminate the surge current through the pressure release device, the voltage in the submarine cable line is quickly released.
Since the generation of the surge current depends on the operation state of the power supply equipment, when the power supply equipment is powered off or loses power, the operation state of the submarine cable line can also change correspondingly, and therefore whether the surge current occurs in the submarine cable system can be judged through the change of the operation state of the power supply equipment. If the operation state of the power supply equipment is switched from the working state to the stopping state, the submarine cable system is disconnected from the power supply or is switched. If the operating state is switched from the operating state to the abnormal state, the abnormal fault of the power supply equipment is indicated, and the abnormal fault can comprise overheat of the power supply equipment, overhigh or overlow output voltage and the like. When the power supply equipment has the two conditions, surge current can be generated in the submarine cable system, and the submarine cable system can correspondingly generate pressure relief signals according to the running state change of the power supply equipment.
According to the scheme, the pressure relief device, the submarine cable system and the submarine cable voltage relief method are provided, surge current generated when a submarine cable circuit is powered off or loses power can be obtained, the first relay is closed, the surge current is reduced to be within the bearing current range of the second relay through the current limiter, high voltage in the submarine cable circuit is quickly relieved under the condition that the second relay is not damaged by surge current impact, the time for releasing the voltage is shortened, and therefore safety of operators is guaranteed.
In the embodiment of the application, a control unit, such as a control circuit composed of a built-in processor, a memory and the like, can also be arranged in the submarine cable system or the pressure relief device, and the control is completed by the respective control units. The processor may call a corresponding control program from the memory, and control the power supply state by executing the control program. The processor may be a central processor (central processing unit, CPU), a network processor (network processor, NP) or a combination of CPU and NP. The processor may also further comprise a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (programmable logic device, PLD), or a combination thereof.
The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device, CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA), general-purpose array logic (generic array logic, GAL), or any combination thereof.
The memory may include volatile memory such as random-access memory (RAM); the memory may also include a nonvolatile memory such as a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a hard disk, or a solid state disk; the memory may also comprise a combination of the above types of memories.
The control unit can further comprise a controller, and the controller can execute the submarine cable voltage discharging method to control the pressure relief device to rapidly discharge the voltage in the submarine cable line after eliminating the surge current, so that the discharging time is shortened, and the operation risk of operators is reduced.
Embodiments of the present application are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (13)
1. The pressure relief device is characterized by comprising a first relay, a second relay and a current limiter, wherein one end of the first relay is connected with a submarine cable line, and the other end of the first relay is connected with the current limiter in series; the current limiter is used for reducing surge current generated by the submarine cable line to be within the current bearing range of the second relay;
one end of the second relay is connected with the submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay is connected between the current limiter and the first relay so that the second relay is connected with the current limiter in parallel;
the second relay is used for closing when the surge current falls into the current bearing range so as to short-circuit the current limiter and discharge the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
2. The pressure relief device of claim 1, further comprising a switching mechanism comprising a signal input and a command output, the signal input connected to the submarine cable line, the signal input for obtaining the surge current, the command output connected to the second relay, the command output for closing the second relay when the surge current is within a current-carrying range of the second relay.
3. The pressure relief device of claim 2, further comprising a controller in communication with the switching mechanism, the controller configured to:
starting timing when the first relay is closed;
generating a switching signal after a preset time period elapses; the switching signal is used for controlling the switching mechanism to close the second relay;
and sending the switching signal to the switching mechanism.
4. The pressure relief device according to claim 3, wherein said predetermined period of time is a period of time during which said surge current drops to a maximum value of withstand current of said second relay.
5. The pressure relief device of claim 1, wherein the first relay is operable to bleed a portion of the voltage at a first rate; the second relay is used for discharging residual voltage at a second rate when working; the first rate and the second rate are used to characterize a voltage bleed value per unit time, the first rate being less than the second rate.
6. The pressure relief device of claim 5, further comprising a ground cable through which the first relay is grounded, the ground cable including at least one ground electrode extending outside the pressure relief device, the ground electrode being in contact with sea water and/or ocean ground.
7. The pressure relief device of claim 1, wherein the current limiter comprises a combination of one or more of a current limiting resistor, a current limiting inductance, and a semiconductor current limiting circuit.
8. The pressure relief device according to claim 7, wherein said current limiter is a current limiting resistor; the current limiting resistor is used for converting the voltage discharged by the first relay into heat energy.
9. The pressure relief device according to claim 8, further comprising a heat dissipating diaphragm wrapped around said flow limiting resistor, said heat dissipating diaphragm comprising a heat dissipating portion of heat absorbing material for absorbing thermal energy released by said flow limiting resistor.
10. The pressure relief device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the second relay is connected to the submarine cable line, and the other end of the second relay is connected to a circuit formed by the current limiter and the first relay, such that the second relay is connected in parallel with the circuit.
11. A submarine cable system comprising a plurality of submarine cable lines, a power supply unit and a pressure relief device according to any one of claims 1 to 10;
The submarine cable line is respectively connected with the power supply equipment and the pressure relief device, the power supply equipment is used for providing power for the submarine cable line, and the pressure relief device is used for relieving surge current in the submarine cable line.
12. The submarine cable system according to claim 11, further comprising a current protection device disposed between the submarine cable line and the power supply unit.
13. A submarine cable voltage relief method, characterized by being applied to a submarine cable system, the submarine cable system comprising the pressure relief device of any one of claims 1-10, the pressure relief device comprising a first relay, a second relay, and a current limiter, the submarine cable voltage relief method comprising:
detecting surge current in a submarine cable system;
generating a pressure relief signal according to the surge current;
controlling the first relay to be closed in response to the pressure relief signal so as to reduce the surge current to be within the current bearing range of the second relay through the current limiter;
and after the surge current is reduced to be within the current bearing range of the second relay, controlling the second relay to be closed so as to short-circuit the current limiter and discharge the residual voltage in the submarine cable line.
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