CN116481192A - Two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system - Google Patents
Two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116481192A CN116481192A CN202310544157.XA CN202310544157A CN116481192A CN 116481192 A CN116481192 A CN 116481192A CN 202310544157 A CN202310544157 A CN 202310544157A CN 116481192 A CN116481192 A CN 116481192A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
- F24S2070/62—Heat traps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A two-phase flow substance heat transmission heat absorption system for a tower type solar photo-thermal power generation system comprises a heat absorption tower, a heat transmission pipeline, a working medium transmission device and a heat storage device; the system utilizes the phase change working medium to carry out heat transmission, and the heat absorber is a sleeve heat exchanger working by utilizing the heat pipe principle; the heat pipe principle is utilized comprehensively with various solar radiation heat transfer enhancement technical measures and the sleeve heat exchanger structure is suitable for the internal structure of the heat absorption tower, so that the internal space of the heat absorption tower is fully utilized, the size or volume of the heat absorption tower is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost or the cost of the process of manufacturing, transporting, installing and the like of the heat absorber can be effectively reduced; the heat pipe structure and the phase change heat transfer working medium are also beneficial to reducing the heat absorption temperature and improving the heat storage temperature, so that the heat efficiency of the system can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar tower type photo-thermal power generation, in particular to a heat absorber and a heat transmission system for tower type photo-thermal power generation.
Background
At present, solar power generation mainly adopts solar photovoltaic power generation and solar photo-thermal power generation.
In solar photo-thermal power generation, classification is based on the form of light condensation, and can be divided into: tower type, groove type, disc type and linear Fresnel type, and the current mainstream solar photo-thermal power generation mode is tower type.
In a tower solar thermal power generation system, a heat absorber is an important component, and is a heat exchange device for converting high-density radiant energy reflected by a heliostat system into high-temperature heat energy of a heat transmission working medium.
The currently used heat absorber is mainly an exposed tube type heat absorber, and the main component of the heat absorber is a heat absorbing tube panel.
In order to fully contact the solar radiation reflected by the solar field, the absorber tube panel needs to be mounted on a cylindrical surface close to the solar receiver mirror, which makes the space of the middle part of the cylinder formed by the solar absorber mirror underutilized.
In order to ensure the required heat exchange area, the overall size of the heat absorber is larger, namely the diameter is larger, the height is higher, and the space in the middle part of the heat absorber cannot be fully utilized, so that the installation part of the whole heat absorber is large in size and the manufacturing cost is further increased. For example: the external dimensions of the exposed tube type heat absorber with the heat absorption capacity of 5MW at present are about: diameter 12 meters and height 15 to 20 meters, which does not include the space occupied by the associated insulation and anti-setting structures in the upper and lower parts of the heat absorber. The larger external dimensions of this absorber give a larger external surface area, which gives another negative effect, namely: the heat absorber has large heat dissipation capacity on the outer surface, so that heat dissipation loss is increased, and solar energy absorption efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a solar photo-thermal heat absorber system adopting a two-phase flow heat transmission technology, which aims to overcome the defects that the conventional tube panel type heat absorber is large in size, the internal space of a heat absorption tower cannot be fully utilized, the heat dissipation loss is high and the like.
The concrete explanation is as follows:
a two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system comprises a heat absorption tower, a heat transmission working medium, a heat transmission pipeline, a working medium power circulation device and a heat storage device;
the heat absorption tower comprises a heat preservation cover, a heat absorber and a solar receiving mirror, and the heat absorber is a heat pipe type heat exchanger;
the heat transmission working medium is a substance which can generate a gas-liquid phase change process in the working temperature range;
the heat transmission working medium space of the heat absorber is communicated with a heat transmission pipeline;
the heat transmission pipeline comprises a working medium liquid pipeline and a working medium gas pipeline;
the heat transmission working medium circularly flows in the heat absorber, the heat storage device and the heat transmission pipeline through the working medium power circulation device.
Further, the heat absorber comprises a plurality of heat absorbing modules, wherein each heat absorbing module comprises a liquid header, a gas header, a heat absorbing pipe and a liquid separating pipe; the number of the heat absorption pipes and the liquid separation pipes is multiple;
one end of the heat absorption pipe is in a closed state, the other end of the heat absorption pipe is in an open state, and both ends of the liquid separation pipe are in an open state;
the outer diameter of the liquid separation pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat absorption pipe, the liquid separation pipe can be inserted into the heat absorption pipe, and a circulation space of gaseous working medium is reserved between the liquid separation pipe and the heat absorption pipe after the liquid separation pipe is inserted;
the gas header and the liquid header are generally horizontally arranged, and the liquid header is arranged above the gas header;
the tube wall at the lowest part of the gas header is uniformly provided with butt joint through holes of the heat absorption tubes along the axial direction, and the number of the holes is the same as that of the heat absorption tubes;
the uppermost pipe wall of the gas header is uniformly provided with butt joint through holes of the liquid separating pipes along the axial direction, and the number of the holes is the same as that of the liquid separating pipes;
the tube wall at the lowest part of the liquid collecting tube is uniformly provided with butt joint through holes of liquid distributing tubes along the axial direction, and the number of the holes is the same as that of the liquid distributing tubes;
the opening end of each heat absorption tube is butted with each butting hole at the lower part of the gas header;
one end of the liquid dividing pipe is butted with the liquid header, and the other end of the liquid dividing pipe is inserted into an upper butted hole of the gas header and further inserted into the heat absorbing pipe.
By adopting the heat absorption module structure, a special heat pipe heat exchange structure is realized. The heat pipe heat exchange structure has the advantages that the gas header and the liquid header are both arranged at the upper part, so that the heat pipe heat exchange structure is suitable for the characteristic that solar radiation of the whole heat absorber is emitted from the lower part, and the solar radiation rays are not blocked by the header with larger diameter.
Further, the heat absorber comprises a plurality of heat absorbing modules, 1 gas main pipe and one liquid main pipe; the gas header and the liquid header of each heat absorption module are respectively connected to the gas header and the liquid header in parallel; the gas manifold is connected to the working fluid gas lines and the liquid manifold is connected to the working fluid gas lines.
Further, the heat absorption tower comprises a tower column, a solar receiving mirror and a heat preservation cover; the heat absorber is arranged in an inner space surrounded by the heat insulation cover and the solar receiving mirror.
Further, an inner surface diffuse reflection mirror is mounted on the inner surface of the heat preservation cover.
Preferably, the heat absorbing tube is a conical tube, and the closed end of the conical tube is the end with smaller diameter.
The tapered structure of the tapered tube is beneficial to improving the area of solar light incident on the surface of the tapered tube, so that the light can irradiate the root of the heat absorption tube, the surface of the whole heat absorption tube can be effectively utilized, the surface of the gas collecting tube can be effectively utilized, and the surface of the gas collecting tube also becomes the heat absorption surface.
Further, the working medium power circulation device comprises a liquid storage device and a working medium circulating pump, wherein an inlet of the liquid storage device is connected with a working medium outlet of the heat storage device, and an outlet of the liquid storage device is connected with an inlet of the working medium circulating pump; the whole working medium power cycle device is arranged at a position lower than the heat storage device; the working medium circulating pump is arranged at a position lower than the liquid reservoir.
Further, the heat absorber further comprises an intermediate reflector arranged in the middle of the heat absorbing tower and near a straight line perpendicular to the ground, and the intermediate reflector is a diffuse reflector.
Compared with the existing system using the tube panel type molten salt working medium to circulate the photo-thermal heat absorber, the two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the two-phase flow working medium heat absorbers, the heat absorption pipes of each heat absorber can be basically and uniformly distributed in the whole installation space, so that the installation space can be fully utilized, and the pipe screen type molten salt heat absorber commonly used at present can only utilize the space inside the solar receiving mirror, which is close to the periphery of the cylindrical surface of the receiving mirror, to install the heat absorption pipes, namely: according to the technical scheme, the cylindrical-surface-mounted tube-screen heat exchanger is changed into the cylindrical-mounted two-phase flow working medium heat exchanger, and the air conditioner in the cylinder can be mostly utilized, so that the shape of the heat exchanger can be changeable, and the flexibility is greatly improved; the invention not only reduces the installation space of the heat absorbing and transporting system, but also has various embodiments;
because the volume of the heat absorber is reduced, the volume of the whole heat absorption tower is reduced, the outer surface area of the heat absorption tower is reduced, the heat dissipation capacity of the outer surface of the heat absorption tower is reduced, the heat absorption efficiency is improved, and the energy efficiency is improved;
also, since the heat absorber is reduced in size, the size of the solar absorbing mirror can be reduced, the manufacturing cost can be further reduced, and the reflection of solar energy to the outside can be reduced, so that the efficiency can be further improved.
The diffuse reverse mirror is arranged on the inner surface of the heat absorption tower, so that solar radiation becomes uniform in the whole heat absorption tower, on one hand, uniform heat absorption of the heat absorber is facilitated, and on the other hand, the average temperature in the heat absorption tower is reduced, so that the performance requirement on the heat preservation cover is reduced, the investment of the heat preservation cover can be reduced, and the volume of the heat preservation cover is reduced.
The two-phase flow working medium is adopted for heat energy transmission, so that the heat transmission capacity of the working medium with unit mass is improved, and the circulation flow of the working medium is reduced, therefore, the diameter of a transmission pipeline can be reduced, the cost of the transmission pipeline is reduced, the volume of a heat absorption tower is reduced, and the diameter of a tower column is reduced.
The transmission power of the power transmission device is reduced due to the reduced mass flow of the transmission medium, which further improves the efficiency of the system.
The provided modularized technical scheme ensures that the heat exchanger is easy to manufacture, transport, hoist and assemble on site, and can further reduce the manufacturing cost of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of the present invention, in which a solar field, a solar receiver mirror, a thermal storage device, a power generation device, and a heat release line are also shown in association with the system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical absorber tower.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure and operation of one module of the heat sink (referred to as the "heat sink module"); this figure shows an embodiment in which the absorber module employs a cylindrical absorber tube of uniform cross section, wherein:
figure 3A is a front view of the heat absorbing module,
figure 3B is a left side view of the heat sink module,
figure 3C is a cross-sectional view of section A-A,
fig. 3D is a partial enlarged view of the B position.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of a constant-section columnar heat absorbing pipe in the heat absorbing module to a variable-section heat absorbing pipe (tapered pipe).
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a complete heat absorber structure comprising a plurality of heat absorbing modules in a heat absorbing tower.
The reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:
1. heat absorption tower
11. Thermal insulation cover
12. Inside surface diffuse reflector
13. Heat absorber
13M heat absorption module
131. Gas header
132. Liquid header
133. Liquid separating pipe
134. Heat absorbing pipe
135. Gas manifold
136. Liquid main pipe
14. Solar energy receiving mirror
15. Intermediate diffuse reflector
2. Solar radiation ray
3. Tower column
4. Working medium power circulation pipeline
41. Working medium liquid pipeline
42. Working medium gas pipeline
5. Heliostat
6. Working medium transmission device
61. Liquid storage device
62. Working medium circulating pump
7. Heat storage device
8. Heat transfer working medium
9. A power generation device.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural relationship and flow principle of each component of the two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system. For simplicity of description, the "two-phase flow heat transfer heat absorption system" will be simply referred to as "heat absorption system" hereinafter.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat absorbing system comprises a heat absorbing tower 1, a heat transmission pipeline 4, a working medium power circulation device 6, a heat storage device 7 and a heat transmission working medium 8. The heat transfer medium 8 is filled in the internal spaces of the heat absorber, the heat transfer pipeline 6 and the heat storage device 7.
For simplicity of description, the "working fluid" will be referred to as "heat transfer working fluid" in the following text where misunderstanding is not caused or where it is not specifically indicated.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat absorbing tower 1 is composed of a heat insulating cover 11, a heat absorber 13, a solar receiving mirror 14, and the like. The heat absorber 13 is arranged in an inner space surrounded by the heat insulation cover 11 and the solar receiving mirror 14; the heat-insulating cover 11 is internally provided with an inner surface diffuse reflection mirror 12 and an intermediate diffuse reflection mirror 15.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a preferred heat pipe heat exchanger for a heat absorber, which is one module of the entire heat absorber (hereinafter simply referred to as "heat absorbing module 13M"), each heat absorber 13 being composed of a plurality of heat absorbing modules 13M.
The heat absorbing module 13M is adapted to solar photo-thermal applications, and adopts a specially designed structural form, and mainly includes: gas manifold 131, liquid manifold 132, liquid dividing tube 133, heat absorbing tube 134, that is: each heat absorbing module 13M is composed of parts or components such as a gas header 131, a liquid header 132, a liquid separation tube 133, a heat absorbing tube 134, and the like;
the heat absorbing pipes 134 are arranged in a plurality and are butted with the lower part of the gas main pipe 131; the number of the liquid separation tubes 133 is the same as that of the heat absorption tubes, and the liquid separation tubes 133 are installed between the liquid header 132 and the gas header 131 in one-to-one correspondence with the heat absorption tubes 134.
As shown in fig. 3D, each of the liquid separation tubes 133 needs to be inserted into the heat absorption tube 134, and it should be noted that the depth of insertion of the liquid separation tube 133 into the heat absorption tube 134 should be deep enough, and it is preferable to insert the liquid separation tube into a place near the bottom of the heat absorption tube, specifically: the distance from the bottom of the heat absorbing pipe is equal to 1 to 5 times the diameter of the heat absorbing pipe.
The basic working principle of the heat absorbing module is as follows: after the liquid heat transfer medium 8 from the heat storage device 7 enters the liquid header 132, the liquid heat transfer medium enters the heat absorption pipes 134 through the liquid distribution pipes 133; the liquid working medium absorbs the heat energy of solar energy in the heat absorption tube 134 and evaporates into a gaseous working medium, and rises along the heat absorption tube 134, and enters the gas header 131 from the gap between the liquid separation tube 133 and the heat absorption tube 134; the gaseous working medium then returns to the heat storage device 7 along the working medium gas pipeline 42 and is condensed again into liquid working medium; the solar heat is stored in the heat storage device 7 by the continuous circulation.
Each liquid separating tube 133 and each heat absorbing tube 134 form a minimum heat absorbing unit; in practical design, the parameters such as the actual solar heat load, the number of heat absorption units, the working temperature and the like are combined to perform heat transfer mathematical calculation so as to calculate the diameters and the lengths of the liquid separation pipe and the heat absorption pipe.
The pipe joint positions of the gas header 131, the liquid header 132, the liquid separation pipe 133, the heat absorption pipe 134 and the like can be connected by welding, expansion joint and the like, and no matter which connecting mode is adopted, the sealing is required to be ensured.
The depth of insertion of the liquid separation tube 133 into the absorber tube 134 is preferably as deep as possible or near the end of the absorber tube at the closed end to prevent the liquid working medium from being carried into the gas header 131 by the gaseous working medium before it is gasified.
The interval between the liquid separation pipe and the heat absorption pipe needs to be moderate and larger as much as possible so as to reduce the flow resistance when the working medium flows in the liquid separation pipe.
Turning now again to fig. 1 and 2, the principles of operation of the system will be further described to further understand the system.
The heliostat 5 receives the rays irradiated by the sun (energy of the solar radiation), reflects the rays to the heat absorption tower 1, and is received by the solar energy receiving mirror 14;
the solar radiation ray 2 passes through the solar receiving mirror 14 and then enters the heat absorption tower 1;
the solar radiation rays 2 can directly irradiate the heat absorber 13, after reflected light irradiates the heat absorption tube 134 (see fig. 3), the energy is absorbed by the heat absorption tube 134, the absorbed energy is converted into heat and then transferred to a liquid heat transmission working medium in the heat absorption tube 134, the liquid heat transmission working medium is evaporated into a gaseous working medium, the gaseous working medium ascends along the heat absorption tube 134, enters the gas header 131, returns to the heat storage device 7 along the working medium gas pipeline 42, is condensed into liquid in the heat storage device 7, the liquid naturally flows into the liquid storage device 61 of the working medium power transmission device 6, and the liquid working medium is sent into the liquid header 132 along the working medium liquid pipeline 41 by the working medium circulating pump 62; in the process of continuously circulating the working medium, solar photo-thermal heat is absorbed by the heat absorption tower 1 and is continuously stored in the heat storage device 7.
The heat stored in the heat storage device 7 can release the heat according to the power generation requirement, and finally continuous electric energy output is formed; of course, the stored heat may also be used in other heat consuming devices, such as steam generators, so that the steam user may be provided with the required steam.
Fig. 5 provides a block diagram of a typical heat sink 13 consisting of a plurality of groups of heat absorption modules 13M, with all of the gas headers 131 of each heat absorption module 13M being connected in parallel to the gas header 135, and all of the liquid headers 132 being connected in parallel to the liquid header 136.
The whole heat absorber 13 is arranged inside the heat absorption tower 1; then, the gas manifold 135 and the liquid manifold 136 are respectively butted with the working fluid gas line 42 and the working fluid line 41.
As can be seen from this figure, the density of the heat absorption tubes 134 can be arranged higher, and thus the volume of the entire heat absorption device can be greatly reduced compared to the heat absorption tube panel type heat absorption tower which is currently used.
It should be noted that: the heat absorbing pipes 134 are not arranged so as to have an excessively large density, so that the solar radiation rays 2 cannot be irradiated to the surfaces of all the heat absorbing pipes 134. Therefore, in the practical implementation process, detailed thermodynamic calculation analysis is required for the density, length, diameter, etc. of the heat absorbing tube 134, and analysis calculation is also required for the angle and light density of the solar radiation light irradiation to fully utilize the heat exchanging area of the heat absorbing tube 134.
It can also be seen from this figure that the lengths of the heat absorption tubes 134 need not be the same, as the heat absorption tubes 134 utilize the heat pipe principles of operation, and the heat absorbed by the heat exchange surfaces is rapidly transferred away. That is to say: the structure of the heat absorber 13 can be flexibly designed in combination with factors such as the actual installation height of the heat absorber tower 1, the size of the solar receiver mirror, the installation angle, and the like.
In addition, since the entire heat absorber 13 is composed of a plurality of heat absorbing modules 13M, in a specific implementation, each heat absorbing module 13M can be conveniently designed and manufactured in a "modular" manner, transported and hoisted, and each module can be conveniently manufactured, transported and installed in a manner that is advantageous for manufacturing, transporting and hoisting, so that the cost of manufacturing, transporting and hoisting is advantageously reduced compared with the large-sized manufacturing, transporting and installing of the conventional heat absorbing tube panel heat exchanger.
In fig. 5, there is shown a heat absorber structure composed of a general heat absorbing pipe (refer to a pipe with a uniform cross section), and it has been previously mentioned that when the density of the heat absorbing pipe 134 is high, there may be a case where solar radiation rays are not uniformly irradiated to the surface of the heat absorbing pipe 134. To improve this, a "cone-shaped" absorber tube may be used, as shown in fig. 4.
The tapered heat absorption tube is used for improving the uniformity of the irradiation of solar radiation rays to the surface of the heat absorption tube 134 and improving the heat transfer efficiency. The advantage of adopting this kind of structure is that, the conical structure of conical tube is favorable to promoting the area that solar energy ray incident on conical tube surface, can make the light shine the root of heat absorption pipe 134, not only can effectively utilize the surface of whole heat absorption pipe 134, but also can effectively utilize the surface of gas header 131, makes the surface of gas header 131 become the heat absorption surface as well.
It should be noted that: the heat absorbing pipe 134 is made into a cone shape and the liquid separating pipe 133 is still a pipe with a uniform cross section, but the liquid separating pipe 133 still needs to be inserted near the bottom of the lower part of the heat absorbing pipe 134, and the distance from the bottom is preferably 1 to 3 times of the diameter of the bottom of the heat absorbing pipe 134; within this distance, overheating of the bottom of the absorber tube due to the high density of solar energy received can be avoided, while the purpose of fully utilizing the surface area of the absorber tube 134 is achieved.
In fig. 2, the use of the inner surface mirror 12 mounted inside the absorber tower is also shown. The mirror needs to be selected as a diffuse mirror, namely: after the light irradiates the reflecting mirror, the light is reflected in all directions, and finally the purpose of reflecting the light on each heat absorbing pipe 134 as uniformly as possible is achieved.
In order to enhance the diffuse reflection of light, fig. 2 also shows an embodiment in which a "middle diffuse reflector 15" is installed in the middle of the heat absorbing tower 1; obviously, this is also an effective way to uniformly enhance the reflection of light.
Also, more diffuse reflectors may be added in the heat absorption tower 1 at suitable places, for example, some diffuse reflectors may be installed between part of the heat absorption modules 13M to further enhance the uniformity of light, which will not be described herein.
As described above, the use of the diffuse reflection mirror makes the temperature inside the heat absorption tower more uniform, thereby reducing the maximum temperature and average temperature inside the heat absorption tower, which reduces the heat dissipation amount of the outer surface of the heat absorption tower 1, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of photo-thermal heat.
The temperature inside the heat absorption tower 1 is reduced, so that the heat preservation requirement on the heat absorption tower 1 is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the heat absorption tower heat preservation structure is reduced.
What needs to be further explained is: the heat transfer system also needs to be provided with a working medium power transfer device 6, which is a power-driven working medium transfer device, namely, the heat transfer working medium is forced to circulate in a pipeline system through the power device, and the power device is a working medium circulating pump 62.
Referring to fig. 1, the whole working medium transferring device mainly includes a liquid reservoir 61 and a working medium circulating pump 62.
The whole working medium power cycle flow is as follows: the heat storage device 7, the liquid reservoir 61, the working medium circulation pump 62, the working medium liquid pipe 41, the liquid header 136, the liquid header 132, the liquid dividing pipe 133, the heat absorbing pipe 134, the gas header 131, the gas header 135, the working medium gas pipe 42, and then return to the heat storage device 7.
Through the continuous circulation of the process, the heat transfer working medium continuously absorbs solar heat and then releases the heat into the heat storage device.
Because the heat transmission working medium is a phase change process in the heat absorption and release processes, the characteristic that the phase change latent heat of the phase change substance is large is utilized, and the heat energy transmission quantity of the working medium with unit mass is large, the circulating quality of the required working medium is low, and the heat transmission working medium has the beneficial effects that: the diameter of the working medium power circulation pipeline 4 can be made smaller, which is beneficial to reducing the size of related components or reducing the manufacturing cost.
A more important advantage of using such a phase change working fluid is: the temperature in the phase change process of heat absorption and heat release can be kept unchanged or changed slightly, which is beneficial to reducing the heat absorption temperature of the heat absorber, increasing the utilization efficiency of solar energy and improving the average heat storage temperature, thereby improving the availability of heat energy or reducing the use of a heat storage medium and the manufacturing cost of the heat storage device.
As described above, the technical solution of the present invention has the characteristics of flexible and convenient implementation, and in the specific implementation, the structures of the heat absorption tower 1 and the heat absorber 13 can be flexibly designed according to the overall design scheme of the heat absorption system.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a two-phase flow heat transfer heat absorption system, includes heat absorption tower, heat transfer working medium, heat transfer pipeline, working medium power cycle device, heat accumulation device, characterized by:
the heat absorption tower comprises a heat preservation cover, a heat absorber and a solar receiving mirror, and the heat absorber is a heat pipe type heat exchanger;
the heat transmission working medium is a substance which can generate a gas-liquid phase change process in the working temperature range;
the heat transmission working medium space of the heat absorber is communicated with a heat transmission pipeline;
the heat transmission pipeline comprises a working medium liquid pipeline and a working medium gas pipeline;
the heat transmission working medium circularly flows in the heat absorber, the heat storage device and the heat transmission pipeline through the working medium power circulation device.
2. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 1, wherein:
the heat absorber comprises a plurality of heat absorbing modules, wherein each heat absorbing module comprises a liquid header, a gas header, a heat absorbing pipe and a liquid dividing pipe, and the heat absorbing pipe and the liquid dividing pipe are multiple;
one end of the heat absorption pipe is in a closed state, and the other end of the heat absorption pipe is in an open state; both ends of the liquid separation pipe are in an opening state; the outer diameter of the liquid separation pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the heat absorption pipe, the liquid separation pipe can be inserted into the heat absorption pipe, and a working medium circulation space is reserved between the liquid separation pipe and the heat absorption pipe after the liquid separation pipe is inserted;
the gas header and the liquid header are generally installed in a horizontal state, and the liquid header is directly above the gas header;
the tube wall at the lowest part of the gas header is uniformly provided with butt joint through holes of the heat absorption tubes along the axial direction;
a liquid separation pipe butt joint through hole is formed in the uppermost pipe wall of the gas header along the axial direction, and the liquid separation pipe butt joint through hole is coaxial with the heat absorption pipe butt joint through hole;
the tube wall at the lowest part of the liquid collecting tube is uniformly provided with butt joint through holes of all liquid distributing tubes along the axial direction, and the distance of each butt joint through hole is the same as the hole distance on the gas collecting tube;
the opening end of each heat absorption tube is butted with each butting hole at the lower part of the gas header;
one end of the liquid separating pipe is abutted with the lower hole of the liquid header, and the other end of the liquid separating pipe is inserted into the upper abutting hole of the gas header and further inserted into the heat absorbing pipe.
3. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 1, wherein:
the heat absorber comprises a plurality of heat absorbing modules as set forth in claim 2, a gas manifold, and a liquid manifold; the gas header and the liquid header of each heat absorption module are respectively connected to the gas header and the liquid header in parallel; the gas manifold is connected to the working fluid gas lines and the liquid manifold is connected to the working fluid gas lines.
4. The dual phase flow heat transfer heat sink system as set forth in claim 1 wherein: the heat absorption tower comprises a tower column, a solar receiving mirror and a heat preservation cover; the heat absorber is arranged in an inner space surrounded by the heat insulation cover and the solar receiving mirror.
5. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 4, wherein: the inner surface of the heat preservation cover is provided with an inner surface diffuse reflection mirror.
6. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 2, wherein: the heat absorption tube is a conical tube, and the closed end of the conical tube is the end with smaller diameter.
7. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 1, wherein: the working medium power circulation device comprises a liquid storage device and a working medium circulating pump, wherein an inlet of the liquid storage device is connected with a working medium outlet of the heat storage device, and an outlet of the liquid storage device is connected with an inlet of the working medium circulating pump; the whole working medium power cycle device is arranged at a position lower than the heat storage device; the working medium circulating pump is arranged at a position lower than the liquid reservoir.
8. The two-phase flow heat transfer and absorption system of claim 2, wherein: the heat absorber further comprises an intermediate reflector installed near a straight line perpendicular to the ground in the middle of the heat absorbing tower, and the intermediate reflector is a diffuse reflector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310544157.XA CN116481192A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310544157.XA CN116481192A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system |
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| CN116481192A true CN116481192A (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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| CN202310544157.XA Pending CN116481192A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Two-phase flow heat transmission heat absorption system |
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| CN (1) | CN116481192A (en) |
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- 2023-05-15 CN CN202310544157.XA patent/CN116481192A/en active Pending
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