CN116480338A - Distributed optical fiber sound wave transceiver - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sound wave transceiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN116480338A CN116480338A CN202310260476.8A CN202310260476A CN116480338A CN 116480338 A CN116480338 A CN 116480338A CN 202310260476 A CN202310260476 A CN 202310260476A CN 116480338 A CN116480338 A CN 116480338A
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- optical fiber
- acoustic
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- receiving
- shell
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, comprising: the shell is of a hollow columnar structure; the backings are arranged in the shell, are axially arranged along the shell and are connected through the photoelectric connector; the optical fiber is arranged in the shell, the optical fiber is provided with a plurality of receiving sections, and the optical fiber of each receiving section is wound on the back lining according to a preset angle; at least one acoustic signal source. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the distributed acoustic features in the exploratory well are extracted in a large range and all directions, and the sensitivity of signal response is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver.
Background
With the continuous expansion of the drilling scale of oil and gas fields and the development of scientific technology, particularly the rapid development of logging technology, advanced scientific technology is urgently needed to play an important role in oil and gas field exploitation.
Acoustic characteristics such as changes in speed, amplitude, and frequency are also different when acoustic waves propagate in different media. Acoustic logging is a logging method that utilizes these acoustic properties of rock to study the geological profile of the well, judging the quality of the well cementation.
In the prior art, a piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transceiver is adopted, shallow layer detection with the depth smaller than 3m is generally carried out, and if the detection depth is increased, the result obtained by the detection of the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transceiver is a stratum average value.
It is found in practice that the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transceiver of the prior art has a certain defect in terms of detection depth and detection sensitivity, and may cause a problem that cracks and geological anomalies existing in formations far from the well wall around the well wall cannot be identified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver which improves the signal quality of acoustic detection.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, which comprises the following components: the shell is of a hollow columnar structure; the backings are arranged in the shell, and are axially arranged along the shell at intervals, and adjacent backings are connected through photoelectric connectors; the optical fiber is arranged in the shell, the optical fiber is provided with a plurality of receiving sections, and the optical fiber of each receiving section is wound on the back lining according to a preset angle; at least one acoustic signal source.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, a plurality of receiving sections are distributed according to preset distances to form an optical fiber receiving group; the optical fiber receiving group close to the sound wave signal source is a first optical fiber receiving group; the optical fiber receiving group far away from the sound wave signal source is a second optical fiber receiving group; the first optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving medium-high frequency sound wave signals; the second optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving low-frequency sound wave signals.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the housing is of a rigid structure, is provided with an interface for up-down connection, and is provided with a plurality of sound-transmitting windows.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the shell is provided with a plurality of sound insulation groove structures, and the sound insulation groove structures comprise a plurality of parallel and staggered notch grooves.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the back lining is provided with a spiral groove and a buckle for installing the optical fiber, and the pitch of the spiral groove is adjustable.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the optical fibers are tightly wound and coupled along the spiral groove, and the buckle fixes the optical fibers on the back lining.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the backing is a cylindrical solid body made of alloy steel or rust-proof cast iron high-density material.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, a Bragg type optical fiber grating is written in the fiber core of the optical fiber, and epoxy resin is used as an encapsulation material of the optical fiber.
According to the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, the acoustic signal source adopts a dipole transducer to excite the acoustic signal.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the distributed optical fiber receiving groups are arranged, so that the distributed acoustic characteristics in the exploratory well can be extracted in a large range and in an omnibearing manner, the interference influence of direct waves can be avoided to a large extent by adopting long-distance parallel staggered grooving and sound insulation groove structures as the shell, and the optical characteristics of the optical fibers can lead the optical fiber acoustic transceiver to generate larger phase change for slight vibration, so that the distributed optical fiber receiving groups can sensitively acquire sliding acoustic signals.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples;
fig. 1 is a diagram showing a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of downhole acoustic propagation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an application scenario of the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a shell 310, a sound-transmitting window 311, a receiving section 320, optical fibers 321, a backing 322, an optical fiber receiving group 330, an acoustic signal source 340 and a photoelectric connector 350.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement and the like should be construed broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver, which comprises a housing 310, which is a hollow columnar structure; a plurality of backings 322 disposed in the housing 310, and a plurality of backings 322 arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the housing 310, wherein adjacent backings 322 are connected by the photoelectric connector 350; an optical fiber 321 disposed in the housing 310, the optical fiber 321 being provided with a plurality of receiving sections 320, the optical fiber 321 of each receiving section 320 being wound on the backing 322 at a predetermined angle; at least one acoustic signal source 340.
In one embodiment, the acoustic wave signal source 340 is configured to emit acoustic wave signals at fixed frequencies in each direction at intervals. The acoustic wave signal source 340 employs a dipole transducer to excite an acoustic wave signal, where the acoustic wave signal source 340 includes an emission electronic circuit, an acoustic source emitter, where the acoustic source generator may be an array monopole, dipole or multipole piezoelectric ceramic, an electric spark source, an electromechanical source, and the like. Under the action of the ground control signal and the driving signal, the acoustic wave signal source 340 continuously emits high-power acoustic wave signals to the periphery of the borehole, the acoustic wave signals are radiated to the wall of the exploratory well at different angles, and acoustic wave signals such as reflection, diffraction, sliding and the like are generated, wherein the sliding acoustic wave signals are also continuously refracted at an incident angle of 90 degrees in the propagation process.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 2, acoustic signal source 340 emits acoustic waves into the medium surrounding the well, and according to Fresnel's law, when a signal propagates from a homogeneous medium having a refractive index of x1 to another homogeneous medium having a refractive index of x2, both reflections and refractions are simultaneously released at the junction between the two and the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence, and it is known that the emitted acoustic waves, after encountering the wave packet interface, are reflected back into the well and received by receiving section 320 through the housing. The positions in the receiving section 320 can generate stretching or compression with the same frequency along with the vibration of the sound wave, and at this time, the phases of the back Rayleigh scattering waves at the positions of the receiving section 320 are correspondingly changed, so that the loading of the sound wave is realized.
In one embodiment, the plurality of receiving segments 320 are arranged according to a predetermined distance to form an optical fiber receiving group 330; the optical fiber receiving group 330 near the acoustic signal source 340 is a first optical fiber receiving group; the optical fiber receiving group 330 far from the acoustic wave signal source 340 is a second optical fiber receiving group; the first optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving the medium-high frequency sound wave signals; the second optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving the low-frequency sound wave signals.
In one embodiment, the optical fiber 321 is wound on the backing 322 at a certain angle to form the receiving section 320, wherein a bragg fiber grating is written in the core of the optical fiber 321, and epoxy resin is used as the packaging material of the optical fiber 321 to sensitize the optical fiber 321 so as to improve the response sensitivity of the acoustic wave signal. The back lining 322 is a miniature cylindrical solid, and the shell of the back lining 322 is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant titanium alloy, metal, high-density alloy steel, cast iron with rust-proof treatment or other unrecited high-density materials; the backing 322 is provided with helical grooves of adjustable pitch and a snap-in structure, the helical grooves of the rigid backing 322 being mutually coupled with the optical fibers 321 to carry the sensitized optical fibers, the properties of the receiving section 320, such as receiving direction, frequency range, etc., being adjustable by adjusting the pitch and size of the helical grooves. The high-frequency sound wave signal has rich frequency resources and large system capacity, but the higher the frequency is, the larger the transmission loss is, and the closer the coverage distance is, the first optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving the medium-frequency sound wave signal and the high-frequency sound wave signal, and the performance of the receiving section 320 formed by the sensitized optical fibers, such as the receiving direction and the frequency range, can be adjusted by adjusting the pitch and the size of the spiral groove; by way of example, the pitch of the spiral groove is adjusted, and the pitch of the spiral groove is further reduced, so that the sensitized optical fiber is tightly wound, and acoustic signals in the middle and high frequency ranges are received as much as possible; the air is little to the sound wave absorption of low frequency, and the attenuation is little, and the sound wave signal transmission of low frequency is farther, and the second optic fibre is received the group and is used for receiving low frequency sound wave signal, and exemplified, the pitch of adjusting the helicla flute further increases the pitch of helicla flute for distributed microstructure sensitization optic fibre winding is sparse, receives the sound wave signal of low frequency range as far as, and optic fibre 321 passes through the wire winding groove wiring in addition, has protected optic fibre 321, has reduced the cracked risk of optic fibre 321. The angle of the helical groove may be adjusted so that the angle of winding the sensitized optical fiber around the backing 322 may be between 20 degrees and 70 degrees to enhance the performance of the receiving section 320.
In one embodiment, the plurality of fiber optic receiving groups 330 are sequentially arranged in a straight line and connected by a plurality of optical electrical connectors 350 to form a continuous structure, i.e. a distributed fiber optic acoustic wave receiver. The optical fiber receiving group 330 near the acoustic wave signal source 340 is a first optical fiber receiving group, which is used for receiving the medium-frequency and high-frequency acoustic wave signals, and the performance of the optical fiber receiving group 330 can be enhanced by adjusting the distance between the receiving sections 320 in the optical fiber receiving group 330, for example, the receiving sections 320 in the first optical fiber receiving group are closely arranged, for example, 10 receiving sections 320 are equally spaced to form a first group, wherein the interval is 10cm; the optical fiber receiving group 330 far from the acoustic wave signal source 340 is a second optical fiber receiving group for receiving the low frequency acoustic wave signal, for example, 10 receiving sections 320 are equally spaced to form the second group, or 10 receiving sections 320 are gradually spaced to form the second group, for example, 20cm,30cm,40cm,50cm, 1m.
The optical fiber receiving group 330 with different frequency bands is arranged, wherein the optical fiber receiving group 330 close to the sound wave signal source 340 is a conventional receiving group; the optical fiber receiving group 330 at the end of the acoustic signal source 340 is a low frequency receiving group. The transmission distance of the acoustic signal of the conventional frequency is relatively short, so that each receiving section 320 in the conventional receiving group is closely arranged to each other and is close to the transmitting unit; the transmission distance of the acoustic signal at the low frequency is relatively long, so that the receiving sections 320 in the low frequency receiving group are arranged sparsely with each other and far from the transmitting unit. The distributed optical fiber receiving groups 330 are arranged, so that the distributed acoustic characteristics in the exploratory well can be extracted in a large range and in an omnibearing manner, and the evaluation and interpretation of logging data are greatly improved.
In one embodiment, the housing 310 is a rigid structure and is provided with an interface for up-down connection, and a plurality of sound-transmitting windows 311 are provided on the housing 310. The housing 310 is provided with a plurality of sound insulation groove structures, and the sound insulation groove structures comprise a plurality of parallel and staggered notch grooves. The housing 310 includes an interface for connecting up and down and a plurality of sound-transmitting windows 311, wherein each sound-transmitting window 311 includes one or more windows for direct transmission of sliding acoustic signals, and loss in transmission of sliding acoustic signals is reduced, and the windows may be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed, or may be an annular large window. The shell 310 can be further provided with a plurality of parallel and staggered sound insulation groove structures, and the sound insulation groove structures can increase the transmission distance of the direct sound wave signals and further weaken the direct sound wave signals; or the direct sound wave signals with different phases are obtained along different propagation paths, and the direct sound wave signals with different phases are further overlapped to weaken the amplitude of the direct sound wave signals; or to buffer the vibrational coupling of the acoustic signal to the housing 310 to further reduce interference from the vibrational coupling. When the acoustic signal source 340 emits an acoustic signal, the acoustic signal propagating along the housing 310 is a direct acoustic signal, and the acoustic characteristic of the direct acoustic signal about the exploratory well is not recorded as an interference wave, and the direct acoustic signal is mostly attenuated by the sound insulation groove structure of the housing 310; the acoustic signal refracted along the well wall is a sliding acoustic signal, the acoustic property of the logging well is the acoustic signal to be tested, and the sliding acoustic signal enters the receiving section 320 through the window of the acoustic window 311.
The distributed optical fiber receiving groups 330 are arranged, so that the distributed acoustic characteristics in the exploratory well can be extracted in a large range and in an omnibearing manner, wherein the shell 310 adopts a long-distance and parallel staggered grooving and sound insulation groove structure, the interference influence of direct waves can be avoided to a large extent, the optical characteristics of the optical fiber 321 can cause the optical fiber acoustic transceiver to generate larger phase change for slight vibration, the distributed optical fiber receiving groups 330 can sensitively acquire sliding acoustic signals, and the depth and the sensitivity of the distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver are improved to a large extent.
Unlike traditional piezoelectric ceramic acoustic wave transceiver, which utilizes piezoelectric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic to realize mutual conversion of electric energy and acoustic energy, the distributed optical fiber acoustic wave transceiver of the present invention utilizes optical characteristic to realize conversion of optical energy and acoustic energy, is insensitive to electromagnetic interference and can bear extreme conditions including high temperature, high pressure and strong impact and vibration, and can measure geological and petrophysical parameters of stratum being drilled with high precision.
In one embodiment, a practical application scenario of sonic exploration well based on a distributed optical fiber sonic transceiver, as shown in fig. 3, the whole system comprises: an optoelectronic surface system 100, an optical cable system 200, and a downhole measurement system 300; the cable system 200 includes: a photoelectric composite cable 210 and a lifting pulley device 220, wherein the photoelectric composite cable 210 is wound on a pulley of the lifting pulley device 220, and the photoelectric composite cable 210 is used for transmitting signals; one end of the optical cable system 200 is connected with the underground measurement system 300, and the other end is connected with the photoelectric ground system 100, and is used for transmitting optical pulse signals and/or adjusting the depth of the underground measurement system 300 into a well; the optical-electrical ground system 100 is used for outputting, receiving and demodulating optical pulse signals; the downhole measurement system 300 is configured to load a measurement signal into an optical pulse signal to effect modulation of the optical pulse signal. The specific measurement steps are as follows:
s100, the photoelectric ground system 100 emits laser light and outputs an optical pulse signal, and the period of the optical pulse signal is preset. Different from sound waves, light is electromagnetic wave with extremely short wavelength, and the optical length of the light is obtained through the phase of the light, so that the light has higher sensitivity; the light has high propagation speed and can transmit two-dimensional information, and can be used for high-speed measurement; the frequency of the light is extremely high, the contained frequency band is wider, and more accurate measuring signals such as sound waves can be obtained by taking the light as a carrier in the modulation and demodulation by combining the advantages, wherein the period of the light pulse signal can be preset to be a numerical value which enables the measuring result to have higher accuracy through experiments.
S200, the downhole measurement system 300 responds to the change of the measurement signal, loads the measurement signal into the optical pulse signal and modulates the optical pulse signal. The measurement signals include temperature, acoustic waves, fluid flow, etc. The optical pulse signal is transmitted through an optical cable. The invention adopts a distributed optical fiber receiving sensor to respond to the measuring signal so as to measure the signal in a full-segment and sensitive way, and the optical fiber receiving sensor receives the measuring signal and changes the optical properties of the corresponding optical pulse signal such as intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, off-normal and the like along with the change of the measuring signal.
And S300, the photoelectric ground system 100 demodulates the modulated optical pulse signal and outputs the measurement signal. The optical pulse signal is decomposed to obtain a modulated optical pulse signal and an optical pulse signal to be modulated, and the existing demodulation methods such as a difference detection method and a homodyne detection method can be adopted.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A distributed fiber optic acoustic transceiver, comprising:
the shell is of a hollow columnar structure;
the backings are arranged in the shell, and are axially arranged along the shell at intervals, and adjacent backings are connected through photoelectric connectors;
the optical fiber is arranged in the shell, the optical fiber is provided with a plurality of receiving sections, and the optical fiber of each receiving section is wound on the back lining according to a preset angle;
at least one acoustic signal source.
2. The distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver of claim 1, wherein a plurality of said receiving sections are arranged at predetermined distances to form an optical fiber receiving group;
the optical fiber receiving group close to the sound wave signal source is a first optical fiber receiving group; the optical fiber receiving group far away from the sound wave signal source is a second optical fiber receiving group;
the first optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving medium-high frequency sound wave signals; the second optical fiber receiving group is used for receiving low-frequency sound wave signals.
3. The distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver of claim 2, wherein the housing is a rigid structure and is provided with an interface for up-down connection, and a plurality of acoustic windows are provided on the housing.
4. The distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver of claim 1, wherein the housing is provided with a plurality of acoustic isolation groove structures, the acoustic isolation groove structures comprising a plurality of parallel, offset notches.
5. The distributed fiber optic acoustic transceiver of claim 1, the backing being provided with a helical groove and a catch for mounting the optical fiber, the pitch of the helical groove being adjustable in size.
6. The distributed fiber optic acoustic transceiver of claim 5, the optical fibers being tightly wound coupled along the spiral groove, the clasp securing the optical fibers to the backing.
7. The distributed fiber optic acoustic transceiver of claim 1, the backing being a cylindrical solid made of a high density material of alloy steel or rust-resistant treated cast iron.
8. The distributed optical fiber acoustic transceiver of claim 1, wherein a bragg type fiber bragg grating is written in a core of the optical fiber, and an epoxy resin is used as an encapsulation material of the optical fiber.
9. The distributed fiber optic acoustic transceiver of claim 1, said acoustic signal source employing a dipole transducer for excitation of acoustic signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310260476.8A CN116480338A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Distributed optical fiber sound wave transceiver |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310260476.8A CN116480338A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Distributed optical fiber sound wave transceiver |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116480338A true CN116480338A (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310260476.8A Pending CN116480338A (en) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Distributed optical fiber sound wave transceiver |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116480338A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-03-17 CN CN202310260476.8A patent/CN116480338A/en active Pending
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