CN116475506B

CN116475506B - Processing method and processing machine tool for high-hardness precise small threads

Info

Publication number: CN116475506B
Application number: CN202310523879.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘巧侠
Original assignee: Suzhou Lianjia Precision Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Lianjia Precision Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-10
Filing date: 2023-05-10
Publication date: 2023-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2043-05-10
Also published as: CN116475506A

Abstract

The invention relates to a processing method of high-hardness precise small threads and a processing machine tool thereof, belonging to the technical field of machine tool equipment. According to the invention, after tapping operation of the tap is completed, the diameter of the thread part of the tap can be reduced, contact between the outer thread surface of the tap and a high-hardness workpiece is avoided or reduced, further abrasion aggravation caused by contact with chips is avoided, and by arranging the strip-shaped grooves, when each combined rod is stressed, the protrusions arranged on the combined rod can be clamped into the strip-shaped grooves, so that a larger contact area is provided, damage caused by overlarge stress of the sliding rod is avoided, and the force borne by the combined rod can be shared.

Description

Processing method and processing machine tool for high-hardness precise small threads

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool equipment, and particularly relates to a processing method of high-hardness precise small threads and a processing machine tool thereof.

Background

Internal threading for high hardness workpieces is typically performed by tapping, which brings the rotating tap into contact with the workpiece to form internal threads.

The prior art discloses a drilling and tapping integrated machine with the publication number of CN114102147A, and the patent name is that the drilling and tapping integrated machine comprises a frame, drilling equipment and tapping equipment, wherein the drilling equipment and the tapping equipment are fixed on the frame, the drilling equipment and the tapping equipment are arranged around a rotary platform, the rotary platform is rotatably arranged on the frame, and a clamp for fixing a workpiece is uniformly arranged on the rotary platform along the circumferential direction of the rotary platform; the machine frame is provided with a safety protection device, the safety protection device comprises a transparent fence, the machine frame is provided with vacuum suction equipment, the vacuum suction equipment pumps away chips of drilling equipment and tapping equipment, in the scheme, workpieces are continuously fed through a feeding manipulator, conveyed to a drilling station and a tapping station through a rotary platform, sequentially subjected to drilling and tapping operations, and finally discharged through a discharging manipulator.

In the above technology, the screw tap in the tapping station withdraws from the workpiece and then uses the vacuum suction device to suck the scraps, but the screw tap is required to withdraw from the workpiece completely in the process, and the scraps can start to be piled up due to the tight fit between the screw socket of the screw tap and the inner screw hole of the small workpiece, in particular, the machining of the precise inner screw hole of the high-hardness workpiece, so that the screw tap can be rubbed in the process of withdrawing from the screw tap after the screw tap is drilled, thereby affecting the service life of the screw tap.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-hardness precise small-thread processing machine tool, which can effectively solve the problem that a tap in the prior art is easy to damage due to chip friction between the tap and a high-hardness small workpiece.

Technical proposal

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a processing method of high-hardness precise small threads, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: fixing a workpiece to be processed on a frame;

step 2: starting a motor to drive the outer edge of the tap to carry out round corner treatment on one end of the workpiece;

step 3: driving the workpiece to move towards one side of the tap, and increasing the diameter of the tap to tap the workpiece;

step 4: reducing the diameter of the tap and driving the tap off the workpiece.

The invention also provides a processing machine tool for the high-hardness precise small threads, which is applied to the processing method for the high-hardness precise small threads, and comprises a frame and a screw tap, wherein the frame is provided with a driving shaft, the screw tap is wholly cylindrical, one end of the screw tap is fixed on the driving shaft and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the driving shaft, the screw tap comprises four circumferentially arranged combined rods, screw grooves are distributed at the outer end of each combined rod, and gaps are reserved between adjacent combined rods.

Wherein, each combined rod can slide along the radial direction of the tap simultaneously to reduce the diameter of the tap.

Further, the screw tap is kept away from the coaxial fillet platform that is equipped with of one end of drive shaft, the fillet platform is cylindric wholly, and keeps away from the one end of drive shaft and do the fillet processing, and one side of every combination pole is all movable mounting on the fillet platform.

Further, the middle part of screw tap is equipped with one can follow the reciprocal movable push rod of screw tap length direction, and the middle part of the interior terminal surface of every combination pole is equipped with an conflict strip respectively, conflict strip is the inclined plane towards screw tap axle center direction, and inclines towards one side of keeping away from the drive shaft, wherein, conflict strip is located the travel path of push rod.

Further, two sides of the inner end surface of each combined rod are respectively provided with a guide rail, and one end of each push rod, which faces each combined rod, is respectively guided and slid on the guide rail.

Further, a pushing arm is vertically arranged at the side end of the pushing rod, and a pushing piece capable of pushing the pushing arm to reciprocate is arranged on the frame.

Further, the pushing arms are provided with two pushing pieces which are symmetrically distributed on the side end faces of the pushing rods, and the pushing pieces are in a shape of a Chinese character 'kou' and are matched with the two pushing rods at the same time.

Further, a hollow groove is formed in the tap along the radial direction of the tap, a sliding rod is arranged in each hollow groove, four sliding rods are also arranged on the round corner table, two ends of each combined rod are respectively embedded into the hollow groove and sleeved on the sliding rods to slide, a spring is respectively sleeved on each sliding rod, and one end of each spring is abutted against one end of the combined rod, which is far away from the axis of the tap.

Further, the two sides of the empty slot are respectively provided with a strip-shaped slot, and the two sides of the combined rod embedded into the empty slot are respectively provided with a bulge which can be clamped into the strip-shaped slot.

Further, a guide bar is arranged at the side end of the sliding bar, and a groove body matched with the guide bar is arranged on the combined bar and is guided to slide on the sliding bar.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the known public technology, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, after tapping operation of the tap is completed, the diameter of the thread part of the tap is reduced, so that contact between the outer screw surface of the tap and a high-hardness workpiece is avoided or reduced, and further the abrasion aggravation caused by contact with chips is avoided;

through setting up the bar groove, can be when every combination pole atress, the protruding of setting up on the combination pole can block into the bar inslot, provides bigger area of contact, avoids the too big damage that leads to of slide bar atress to can share the atress that the combination pole receives.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a tap according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a modular pole according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of a fillet table according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a corner rounding table according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a putter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure A in FIG. 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a sectional bar structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 (a) is a schematic view of a combination post and push rod mating structure (push rod not in contact with the combination post) in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 (b) is a schematic view of the structure of the combination post and push rod engaging structure (push rod contacts with the combination post) according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of a fillet table according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the rear side structure of the combination post according to the embodiment of the invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a frame; 11. a motor; 12. a drive shaft; 13. a pushing member; 2. a tap; 21. a combination rod; 211. a collision strip; 212. a guide rail; 213. a protrusion; 22. round corner table; 23. a push rod; 231. pushing arms; 24. a hollow groove; 241. a bar-shaped groove; 25. a slide bar; 251. a spring; 252. and a guide bar.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., azimuth or positional relationship are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplification of operations, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.

The invention is further described below with reference to examples.

In the prior art, tapping of high-hardness metal workpieces is formed by contacting a high-speed rotating tap with the workpiece, and most taps are cylindrical with threads at the outer ends.

Since the tap is gradually screwed into the workpiece, and a part of chips generated by the workpiece when the tap is screwed into the workpiece is embedded into the outer thread groove of the tap, another part of chips is extruded into the inner thread just formed by the workpiece, the subsequent tap threads are continuously screwed into the workpiece, so that the chips continuously rub against the chips in the inner thread, the chips embedded into the tap threads are gradually increased, the density of the chips is gradually reduced, and the tap is generally unscrewed for cleaning and then is continuously screwed into the workpiece.

However, this approach has an excessive frequency of cleaning the tap and the chips in the threaded holes of the workpiece, which affects the machining efficiency.

Examples:

referring to fig. 1-11, the method for processing the high-hardness precise small thread in the scheme comprises the following steps:

firstly, a high-hardness workpiece to be processed needs to be fixed on a frame 1, and different workpiece clamps are selected according to different workpieces, so that the scheme is not repeated, and meanwhile, the drawing is not shown.

After the workpiece is fixed, the motor 11 is started, the output shaft of the motor 11 drives the driving shaft 12 to rotate, and the driving shaft 12d can enable the tap 2 to rotate, so that the outer edge part of the tap 2 can rotate at a high speed, and one end of the workpiece is rounded.

After the round corner treatment, the workpiece clamp starts to move to drive the workpiece to move towards one side of the tap 2, in the practical use process, the motor 11 can also use a certain driving structure to enable the tap 2 to move towards one side of the workpiece, and when the workpiece is contacted with the tap 2, the diameter of the tap 2 is increased at the same time, so that the workpiece is tapped.

After the tapping process is completed, the diameter of the tap 2 is reduced and the tap 2 is driven off the workpiece, at which point the workpiece and the surface of the tap 2 are cleaned of debris.

In the present case, a processing machine tool for high-hardness precise small threads is provided, which is applied to the processing method for high-hardness precise small threads, and mainly comprises two parts of a frame 1 and a tap 2, wherein a driving shaft 12 is arranged on the frame 1, the tap 2 is integrally cylindrical, one end of the tap 2 is fixed on the driving shaft 12 and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the driving shaft 12, the tap 2 comprises four circumferentially arranged combined rods 21, screw grooves are distributed at the outer end of each combined rod 21, and gaps are reserved between adjacent combined rods 21.

During the rotation of the tap 2, due to a certain gap between the adjacent combination rods 21, when the combination rods 21 apply force to the workpiece, the scraps can partially fall into the gap between the combination rods 21 and accumulate, and when the tap 2 is continuously screwed in, the scraps can remain in the gap, only a small amount of scraps adhere to the internal threads of the workpiece, and can be pushed into the gap during the subsequent screwing in, so that during the rotation of the combination rods 21, excessive frequency friction can not be caused during the movement of the combination rods 21, and abrasion is reduced.

When the tap 2 is withdrawn, scraps are easily taken down from the threaded hole and the tap 2, so that the frequency of cleaning the tap and the workpiece is greatly reduced, and the tapping efficiency of the workpiece is improved.

In this case, a round-corner table 22 is coaxially disposed at one end of the tap 2 far away from the driving shaft 12, the round-corner table 22 is cylindrical as a whole, and one end far away from the driving shaft 12 is rounded, and one side of each combined rod 21 is movably mounted on the round-corner table 22.

And after the tap 2 completes the tapping process, each combined rod 21 can simultaneously slide along the tap 2 in the radial direction to reduce the diameter of the tap 2, so that the friction frequency between the outer end surface of the tap 2 and chips is reduced when the tap 2 is withdrawn from the workpiece.

Specifically, a push rod 23 capable of reciprocating along the length direction of the tap 2 is arranged in the middle of the tap 2, a push arm 231 is vertically arranged at the side end of the push rod 23, a pushing piece 13 capable of pushing the push arm 231 to reciprocate is arranged on the frame 1, after the tapping process is completed, the pushing piece 13 starts to move, so that the push rod 23 moves towards the direction far away from a workpiece, an abutting strip 211 is respectively arranged in the middle of the inner end surface of each combined rod 21, the abutting strip 211 is inclined towards the axis direction of the tap 2, and is inclined towards the side far away from the driving shaft 12.

That is, the thickness of the abutting strip 211 gradually increases toward one side of the workpiece (not shown), and the abutting strip 211 is located on the moving path of the push rod 23, when the push rod 23 gradually moves to the thicker end surface of the abutting strip 211, the combined rod 21 is pushed to move away from the axis direction of the tap 2, and in a certain distance of the abutting strip 211 away from the workpiece, the push rod 23 is not contacted with the abutting strip 211.

In order to ensure the smoothness of the movement of the push rod 23, two sides of the inner end surface of each combination rod 21 are respectively provided with a guide rail 212, and the push rod 23 slides on the guide rail 212 in a guiding way towards one end of each combination rod 21.

And the guide rail 212 has a concave structure, and the width of the notch is larger than the thickness of the guide rail at the matching position of the two sides of the push rod 23.

The push arms 231 are provided with two push members 13 symmetrically distributed on the side end surfaces of the push rods 23, and the push members 13 are shaped like a Chinese character 'kou' and simultaneously cooperate with the two push rods 23, so that a linear driving mechanism for driving the push members 13 to move is a known technology and will not be described in detail.

In this case, an empty slot 24 is provided on the tap 2 along the radial direction of the tap 2, a sliding rod 25 is provided in each empty slot 24, four sliding rods 25 are also provided on the round corner platform 22, two ends of each combined rod 21 are respectively embedded into the empty slot 24 and sleeved on the sliding rods 25 to slide, wherein, a spring 251 is respectively sleeved on each sliding rod 25, one end of the spring 251 is abutted against one end of the combined rod 21 far away from the axis of the tap 2, and when the push rod 23 moves, two side ends of the combined rod 21 are abutted against the spring 251 and deform the spring 251.

Further, in order to ensure that the combination rod 21 is not damaged when being contacted with a workpiece during high-speed rotation, two sides of the empty slot 24 are respectively provided with a bar slot 241, the cross section of the bar slot 241 is triangular, the bar slot 241 is arranged along the extending direction of the empty slot 24, and meanwhile, the wider side of the bar slot 241 faces the middle of the empty slot 24.

It is noted that at least two bar grooves 241 are provided, two sides of the combination bar 21 embedded into the empty groove 24 are respectively provided with a protrusion 213 capable of being blocked into the bar grooves 241, the cross section of the protrusion 213 is also triangular, when the combination bar 21 collides with a workpiece, the combination bar 21 can generate a certain displacement, the protrusion 213 can be blocked into the bar grooves 241, and the inner wall of the empty groove 24, namely the bar grooves 241 can share the force suffered by the combination bar 21, so that the breakage of the sliding bar 25 caused by the abutment of the combination bar 21 on the sliding bar 25 is avoided, and meanwhile, the damage of the combination bar 21 is also avoided.

Referring to fig. 10, in this case, two side ends of the sliding rod 25 are respectively provided with a guiding strip 252, the combined rod 21 is provided with a groove body matched with the guiding strip 252 and is guided to slide on the sliding rod 25, the depth of the groove body is greater than the width of the guiding strip 252, and when the guiding strip 252 on one side of the sliding rod 25 is embedded into the groove body on one side, the guiding strip 252 on the other side is not completely separated from the groove body on the other side, i.e. the guiding strips 252 on both sides are always in the groove bodies on both sides.

When the combined rod 21 rotates at a high speed, a certain tangential force is generated, so that the combined rod 21 moves a certain distance along the radial direction of the sliding rod 25, a certain radial displacement is generated at the position of the combined rod 21 sleeved on the sliding rod 25, the bulge 213 at the side surface of the combined rod 21 contacts the round corner table 22 before the groove body of the combined rod 21 sleeved on the sliding rod 25, the sliding rod 25 is prevented from being directly acted on, the sliding rod 25 is prevented from being damaged and bent, and the sliding of the combined rod 21 is influenced.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high hardness precision small thread processing machine tool, comprising:

the device comprises a frame (1), wherein a driving shaft (12) is arranged on the frame (1);

the screw tap (2), the whole screw tap (2) is cylindrical, one end of the screw tap is fixed on the driving shaft (12) and synchronously rotates along with the rotation of the driving shaft (12), the screw tap (2) comprises four circumferentially arranged combined rods (21), screw grooves are distributed at the outer end of each combined rod (21), and gaps are reserved between adjacent combined rods (21);

wherein each combined rod (21) can simultaneously slide along the radial direction of the tap (2) to reduce the diameter of the tap (2);

one end of the tap (2) far away from the driving shaft (12) is coaxially provided with a round corner table (22), the round corner table (22) is integrally cylindrical, one end far away from the driving shaft (12) is subjected to round corner treatment, and one side of each combined rod (21) is movably arranged on the round corner table (22);

the middle part of the tap (2) is provided with a push rod (23) capable of reciprocating along the length direction of the tap (2), the middle part of the inner end surface of each combined rod (21) is respectively provided with an abutting strip (211), and the abutting strips (211) are inclined towards the axis direction of the tap (2) and incline towards one side far away from the driving shaft (12); wherein the abutting strip (211) is positioned on the moving path of the push rod (23);

two sides of the inner end surface of each combined rod (21) are respectively provided with a guide rail strip (212), and one end of each push rod (23) facing each combined rod (21) is respectively guided and slid on the guide rail strip (212);

the side end of the push rod (23) is vertically provided with a push arm (231), and the frame (1) is provided with a pushing piece (13) capable of pushing the push arm (231) to reciprocate;

the pushing arms (231) are provided with two pushing pieces which are symmetrically distributed on the side end surfaces of the pushing rods (23), and the pushing pieces (13) are shaped like a Chinese character 'kou' and are matched with the two pushing rods (23) at the same time;

the screw tap (2) is provided with a hollow groove (24) along the radial direction of the screw tap (2), each hollow groove (24) is respectively provided with a slide bar (25), the round corner table (22) is also provided with four slide bars (25), and two ends of each combined bar (21) are respectively embedded into the hollow groove (24) and sleeved on the slide bars (25) to slide;

wherein, each slide bar (25) is respectively sleeved with a spring (251), and one end of the spring (251) is abutted against one end of the combined rod (21) far away from the axis of the tap (2);

the two sides of the empty groove (24) are respectively provided with a strip-shaped groove (241), and the two sides of the combined rod (21) embedded into the empty groove (24) are respectively provided with a bulge (213) which can be clamped into the strip-shaped groove (241);

the method for processing the high-hardness precise small threads in the machine tool structure comprises the following steps of:

step 1: fixing a workpiece to be processed on a frame (1);

step 2: starting a motor (11) to drive the outer edge of the tap (2) to carry out round corner treatment on one end of the workpiece;

step 3: driving the workpiece to move towards one side of the tap (2), and increasing the diameter of the tap (2) to tap the workpiece;

step 4: reducing the diameter of the tap (2) and driving the tap (2) off the workpiece.

2. The machine tool for machining high-hardness precise small threads according to claim 1, wherein a guide bar (252) is arranged at the side end of the sliding bar (25), and a groove body matched with the guide bar (252) is formed in the combined bar (21) and is guided to slide on the sliding bar (25).