CN116472684A

CN116472684A - Apparatus and method for wireless communication

Info

Publication number: CN116472684A
Application number: CN202180078831.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林浩
Original assignee: Orope France SARL
Current assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2023-07-21

Abstract

An apparatus and method of wireless communication are provided. The method is performed by a User Equipment (UE), and includes: the UE obtains the first information and/or the second information from the base station, and the UE uses the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission. This may solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

Description

Apparatus and method for wireless communication

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method of wireless communication that may provide good communication performance and/or high reliability.

Background

Non-terrestrial network (non-terrestrial network, NTN) refers to a network or network segment that uses an on-board or on-board aircraft for transmission. The spaceborne aircraft includes satellites including low earth orbit (low earth orbiting, LEO) satellites, medium earth orbit (medium earth orbiting, MEO) satellites, geostationary orbit (geostationary earth orbiting, GEO) satellites, and high elliptical orbit (highly elliptical orbiting, HEO) satellites. The airborne aircraft comprises an aerial platform (high altitude platform, HAP) containing an unmanned system (unmanned aircraft system, UAS) comprising a UAS that is Lighter Than Air (LTA) and a UAS that is Heavier Than Air (HTA), all of which typically fly quasi-stationary at a height of between 8km and 50 km.

The communication via satellite is an interesting way due to its well-known coverage, which can bring the coverage to locations where the cellular operators are usually unwilling to deploy due to unstable crowd-potential customers (e.g. extremely remote rural areas) or to deploy due to high deployment costs (e.g. mid-sea or mountain peaks). Today, satellite communication is a technology independent of third generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project,3GPP) cellular technology. In the 5G era, these two technologies can be combined, i.e. we can imagine a 5G terminal with one access to both cellular and satellite networks. NTN may be a good candidate for achieving this. It will be designed based on the 3GPP New Radio (NR) and make necessary enhancements.

In NTN, different satellite deployment scenarios may be used. When an LEO satellite is deployed, the speed of the satellite can be increased to over 7km/s, which greatly exceeds the maximum speed of movement experienced by the ground network, e.g., 500km/h for a high speed train. For this reason, the transmitter and receiver will face a wider range of frequency offsets and/or doppler offsets (frequency shifts). Such frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) will be serious problems to be solved in NTN networks due to the high speed motion of satellites. However, on conventional terrestrial systems, there is no specific study on frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) mitigation.

Accordingly, there is a need for a wireless communication apparatus (e.g., user Equipment (UE) and/or base station) and a wireless communication method that can solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present disclosure to propose a wireless communication device (e.g. a User Equipment (UE) and/or a base station) and a method which are capable of solving the problems of the prior art, providing synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reducing signaling overhead, providing good communication performance and/or providing high reliability.

In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a wireless communication method performed by a UE, the method comprising: the UE obtains the first information and/or the second information from the base station, and the UE uses the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of the above method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is related to frequency domain synchronization.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency domain synchronization comprises at least one of: one or more frequency offsets or one or more doppler offsets.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is at least one of: a traffic link or a feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset experienced on the traffic link and/or feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset on the traffic link and/or on the feeder link that is compensated for by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the UE, the link between the satellite and the UE comprising a link from the satellite to the UE and/or a link from the UE to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the base station, the link between the satellite and the base station comprising a link from the satellite to the base station and/or a link from the base station to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the second information is related to satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite ephemeris data comprises at least one of: one or more satellite positions, one or more satellite speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more satellite positions and/or the one or more satellite speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the reference point state comprises at least one of: one or more reference point locations, one or more reference point speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more reference point locations and/or the one or more reference point speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity comprises at least one of the following forms: two-dimensional coordinates or three-dimensional coordinates.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the three-dimensional coordinates comprise three coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the three coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the two-dimensional coordinates comprise two coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the two coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is transmitted in at least one of: system information block (system information block, SIB), radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message, medium access control (medium access control, MAC) Control Element (CE), or downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI).

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the SIB comprises SIB x, wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes at least one of: cell-specific RRC messages or UE-specific RRC messages.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes an RRC information element (information element, IE) for intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements are based on a synchronization signal block (synchronization signal block, SSB) and/or a channel state information reference signal (channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS).

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC IE comprises MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is associated with one or more cell indexes and/or one or more beam indexes and/or one or more frequencies.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise at least one of: SSB frequency or reference frequency of CSI-RS.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise a first point for mapping CSI-RS to physical resources.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the SSB frequency is related to MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more beam indices comprise at least one of: SSB index, CSI-RS resource index, or CSI-RS resource set index.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, one or more beam indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, one or more cell indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE performing downlink reception and/or uplink transmission using the first information and/or the second information comprises: the UE compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in downlink reception and/or the UE compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: a second frequency offset or a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the second frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point state.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are subtracted or the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are added.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third frequency offset reductions or the second and third frequency offset additions based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a difference between the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: a second doppler shift or a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the second doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: the second and third doppler shifts are subtracted or the second and third doppler shifts are added.

In some embodiments of any of the methods described above according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third doppler shifts minus or the second and third doppler shifts plus based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a second doppler shift and a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a difference between the second doppler shift and the third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset comprises N times Fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in hertz (Hz) and N is an integer.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, N comprises a positive sign and/or a negative sign.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset or doppler offset is zero at the reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the downlink reception comprises at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the uplink transmission comprises at least one of: physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is further configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset and/or a common offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the common offset comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl ul on the uplink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl ul on the uplink link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on a traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point comprises an uplink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point is equal to the second reference point plus or minus a duplex offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the second reference point comprises a downlink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the duplex offset is preconfigured or predefined.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on an uplink traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link is determined according to at least one of: satellite ephemeris data, UE position or UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to determine the downlink nominal frequency of the base station (gnb_f_dl) according to at least one of: rx_f, f3, f2_dl, or f1, where rx_f is the downlink nominal frequency of the UE or the reference downlink received frequency, f3 is the residual frequency shift, f2_dl is the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link, and f1 is the common frequency precompensation.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, gnb_f_dl=rx_f+f3-f2_dl+f1; or gnb_f_dl=rx_f-f3-f2_dl+f1.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, f3 is a remaining frequency comprising a frequency shift between a frequency at which the downlink signal arrives at the UE and rx_f, and/or f2_dl is a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception comprising a UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception is determined from satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, f1 is indicated by the base station and/or f1 is performed by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, f1 comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl dl on the downlink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl dl on the downstream feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, rx_f plus f3 or rx_f minus f3 is determined from the downlink reference signal.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the value of f1 provided by the base station to the UE and/or the value of f1 comprises zero.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the common offset is provided by the base station to the UE; and/or the common offset is indicated to the UE by the base station; and/or the common offset is indicated in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI.

In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a wireless communication method performed by a base station, the method comprising: the base station indicates the first information and/or the second information to the UE, and the base station configures the UE to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of the above method according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is related to frequency domain synchronization.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency domain synchronization comprises at least one of: one or more frequency offsets or one or more doppler offsets.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is at least one of: a traffic link or a feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset experienced on the traffic link and/or feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset on the traffic link and/or the feeder link that is compensated for by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the UE, the link between the satellite and the UE comprising a link from the satellite to the UE and/or a link from the UE to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the base station, the link between the satellite and the base station comprising a link from the satellite to the base station and/or a link from the base station to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the second information is related to satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite ephemeris data comprises at least one of: one or more satellite positions, one or more satellite speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more satellite positions and/or the one or more satellite speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the reference point state comprises at least one of: one or more reference point locations, one or more reference point speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more reference point locations and/or the one or more reference point speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity comprises at least one of the following forms: two-dimensional coordinates or three-dimensional coordinates.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the three-dimensional coordinates comprise three coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the three coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the two-dimensional coordinates comprise two coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the two coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is transmitted in at least one of: system information block (system information block, SIB), radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message, medium access control (medium access control, MAC) Control Element (CE), or downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI).

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the SIB comprises SIB x, wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes at least one of: cell-specific RRC messages or UE-specific RRC messages.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes an RRC information element (information element, IE) for intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements are based on a synchronization signal block (synchronization signal block, SSB) and/or a channel state information reference signal (channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS).

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC IE comprises MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is associated with one or more cell indexes and/or one or more beam indexes and/or one or more frequencies.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise at least one of: SSB frequency or reference frequency of CSI-RS.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise a first point for mapping CSI-RS to physical resources.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the SSB frequency is related to MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more beam indices comprise at least one of: SSB index, CSI-RS resource index, or CSI-RS resource set index.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, one or more beam indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, one or more cell indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the base station configuring the UE for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission using the first information and/or the second information comprises: the base station configures the UE to compensate for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in downlink reception and/or to compensate for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: a second frequency offset or a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the second frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are subtracted or the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are added.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third frequency offset reductions or the second and third frequency offset additions based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a difference between the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: a second doppler shift or a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the second doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: the second and third doppler shifts are subtracted or the second and third doppler shifts are added.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third doppler shifts minus or the second and third doppler shifts plus based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a second doppler shift and a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a difference between the second doppler shift and the third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset comprises N times Fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in hertz (Hz) and N is an integer.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, N comprises a positive sign and/or a negative sign.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset or doppler offset is zero at the reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the downlink reception comprises at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the uplink transmission comprises at least one of: physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission relative to the first reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is further configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset and/or a common offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the common offset comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl ul on the uplink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl ul on the uplink link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on a traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point comprises an uplink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point is equal to the second reference point plus or minus the duplex offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the second reference point comprises a downlink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the duplex offset is preconfigured or predefined.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on an uplink traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link is determined according to at least one of: satellite ephemeris data, UE position or UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to determine the downlink nominal frequency of the base station (gnb_f_dl) according to at least one of: rx_f, f3, f2_dl, or f1, where rx_f is the downlink nominal frequency of the UE or the reference downlink received frequency, f3 is the residual frequency shift, f2_dl is the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link, and f1 is the common frequency precompensation.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, gnb_f_dl=rx_f+f3-f2_dl+f1; or gnb_f_dl=rx_f-f3-f2_dl+f1.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, f3 is a remaining frequency comprising a frequency shift between a frequency at which the downlink signal arrives at the UE and rx_f, and/or f2_dl is a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception, the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link comprising a UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception is determined from satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, f1 is indicated by the base station and/or f1 is performed by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, f1 comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl dl on the downlink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl dl on the downstream feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, rx_f plus f3 or rx_f minus f3 is determined from the downlink reference signal.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the value of f1 provided by the base station to the UE and/or the value of f1 comprises zero.

In some embodiments of any of the above methods according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the common offset is provided to the UE by the base station; and/or the common offset is indicated to the UE by the base station; and/or the common offset is indicated in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI.

In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The processor is configured to obtain the first information and/or the second information from the base station and the processor is configured to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of the above embodiments according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is related to frequency domain synchronization.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency domain synchronization comprises at least one of: one or more frequency offsets or one or more doppler offsets.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is at least one of: a traffic link or a feeder link.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset experienced on the traffic link and/or feeder link.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset on the traffic link and/or on the feeder link that is compensated for by the base station.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the UE, the link between the satellite and the UE comprising a link from the satellite to the UE and/or a link from the UE to the satellite.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the base station, the link between the satellite and the base station comprising a link from the satellite to the base station and/or a link from the base station to the satellite.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the second information is related to satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite ephemeris data comprises at least one of: one or more satellite positions, one or more satellite speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more satellite positions and/or the one or more satellite speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the reference point state comprises at least one of: one or more reference point locations, one or more reference point speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more reference point locations and/or the one or more reference point speeds.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity comprises at least one of the following forms: two-dimensional coordinates or three-dimensional coordinates.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the three-dimensional coordinates comprise three coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the three coordinate axes.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the two-dimensional coordinates comprise two coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the two coordinate axes.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is transmitted in at least one of: system information block (system information block, SIB), radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message, medium access control (medium access control, MAC) Control Element (CE), or downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI).

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the SIB comprises SIB x, wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes at least one of: cell-specific RRC messages or UE-specific RRC messages.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes an RRC information element (information element, IE) for intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements are based on a synchronization signal block (synchronization signal block, SSB) and/or a channel state information reference signal (channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS).

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC IE comprises MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is associated with one or more cell indexes and/or one or more beam indexes and/or one or more frequencies.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise at least one of: SSB frequency or reference frequency of CSI-RS.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise a first point for mapping CSI-RS to physical resources.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the SSB frequency is associated with MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more beam indices comprise at least one of: SSB index, CSI-RS resource index, or CSI-RS resource set index.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, one or more beam indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, one or more cell indexes are configured in the MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the processor performing downlink reception and/or uplink transmission using the first information and/or the second information comprises: the processor compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in downlink reception and/or the processor compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: a second frequency offset or a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the second frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived by the processor from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are subtracted or the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are added.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third frequency offset subtractions or the second and third frequency offsets additions based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a difference between the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: a second doppler shift or a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the second doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived by the processor from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: the second and third doppler shifts are subtracted or the second and third doppler shifts are added.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third doppler shifts minus or the second and third doppler shifts plus based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a second doppler shift and a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a difference between the second doppler shift and the third doppler shift.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset comprises N times Fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in hertz (Hz) and N is an integer.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, N comprises a positive sign and/or a negative sign.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset or doppler offset is zero at the reference point.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the downlink reception comprises at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the uplink transmission comprises at least one of: physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the processor is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the processor is further configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset and/or a common offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the common offset comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl ul on the uplink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl ul on the uplink link.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on a traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point comprises an uplink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point is equal to the second reference point plus or minus the duplex offset.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the second reference point comprises a downlink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the duplex offset is preconfigured or predefined.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset of the uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on an uplink traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link is determined according to at least one of: satellite ephemeris data, UE position or UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to determine the downlink nominal frequency of the base station (gnb_f_dl) according to at least one of: rx_f, f3, f2_dl, or f1, where rx_f is the downlink nominal frequency of the UE or the reference downlink received frequency, f3 is the residual frequency shift, f2_dl is the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link, and f1 is the common frequency precompensation.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, gnb_f_dl=rx_f+f3-f2_dl+f1; or gnb_f_dl=rx_f-f3-f2_dl+f1.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, f3 is a remaining frequency comprising a frequency shift between a frequency at which the downlink signal arrives at the UE and rx_f, and/or f2_dl is a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception comprising a UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception is determined from satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, f1 is indicated by the base station and/or f1 is performed by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, f1 comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl dl on the downlink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl dl on the downstream feeder link.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, rx_f plus f3 or rx_f minus f3 is determined from the downlink reference signal.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the value of f1 provided by the base station to the UE and/or the value of f1 comprises zero.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the third aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the common offset is provided by the base station to the UE; and/or the common offset is indicated to the UE by the base station; and/or the common offset is indicated in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI.

In a fourth aspect of the disclosure, a base station includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The processor is configured to indicate the first information and/or the second information to the UE, and the processor is configured to configure the UE to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is related to frequency domain synchronization.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency domain synchronization comprises at least one of: one or more frequency offsets or one or more doppler offsets.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is at least one of: a traffic link or a feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset experienced on the traffic link and/or feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset on the traffic link and/or the feeder link that is compensated for by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the UE, the link between the satellite and the UE comprising a link from the satellite to the UE and/or a link from the UE to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on a link between the satellite and the base station, and the link with the base station comprises a link from the satellite to the base station and/or a link from the base station to the satellite.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the second information is related to satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite ephemeris data comprises at least one of: one or more satellite positions, one or more satellite speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more satellite positions and/or the one or more satellite speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the reference point state comprises at least one of: one or more reference point locations, one or more reference point speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more reference point locations and/or the one or more reference point speeds.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity comprises at least one of the following forms: two-dimensional coordinates or three-dimensional coordinates.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the three-dimensional coordinates comprise three coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the three coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the two-dimensional coordinates comprise two coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the two coordinate axes.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is transmitted in at least one of: system information block (system information block, SIB), radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message, medium access control (medium access control, MAC) Control Element (CE), or downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI).

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the SIB comprises SIB x, wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes at least one of: cell-specific RRC messages or UE-specific RRC messages.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC message includes an RRC information element (information element, IE) for intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements are based on a synchronization signal block (synchronization signal block, SSB) and/or a channel state information reference signal (channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS).

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the RRC IE comprises MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first information and/or the second information is associated with one or more cell indexes and/or one or more beam indexes and/or one or more frequencies.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise at least one of: SSB frequency or reference frequency of CSI-RS.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more frequencies comprise a first point for mapping CSI-RS to physical resources.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the SSB frequency is related to MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the one or more beam indexes comprise at least one of: SSB index, CSI-RS resource index, or CSI-RS resource set index.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, one or more beam indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, one or more cell indexes are configured in the MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the processor configuring the UE to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission comprises: the processor configures the UE to compensate for a first frequency offset or a first doppler offset in downlink reception and/or to compensate for a first frequency offset or a first doppler offset in uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: a second frequency offset or a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the second frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are subtracted or the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are added.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third frequency offset subtractions or the second and third frequency offset additions based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first frequency offset comprises a difference between the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: a second doppler shift or a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the second doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived from the second information.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is derived by the UE from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third doppler shift is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: the second and third doppler shifts are subtracted or the second and third doppler shifts are added.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE determines the second and third doppler shifts minus or the second and third doppler shifts plus based on downlink reception or uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a second doppler shift and a third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first doppler shift comprises a difference between the second doppler shift and the third doppler shift.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset comprises N times Fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in hertz (Hz) and N is an integer.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, N comprises a positive and/or negative sign.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the frequency offset or doppler offset is zero at the reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the downlink reception comprises at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the uplink transmission comprises at least one of: physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments according to any of the above embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is further configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset and/or a common offset in the uplink transmission with respect to the first reference point.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the common offset comprises at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl ul on the uplink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl ul on the uplink feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on a traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point comprises an uplink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the first reference point is equal to the second reference point plus or minus the duplex offset.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the second reference point comprises a downlink nominal frequency of the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the duplex offset is preconfigured or predefined.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on an uplink traffic link for uplink transmission.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link is determined according to at least one of: satellite ephemeris data, UE position or UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link.

In some embodiments according to any one of the above embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE is configured to determine the downlink nominal frequency of the base station (gnb_f_dl) according to at least one of: rx_f, f3, f2_dl, or f1, where rx_f is the downlink nominal frequency of the UE or the reference downlink received frequency, f3 is the residual frequency shift, f2_dl is the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link, and f1 is the common frequency precompensation.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, gnb_f_dl=rx_f+f3-f2_dl+f1; or gnb_f_dl=rx_f-f3-f2_dl+f1.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, f3 is a remaining frequency comprising a frequency shift between a frequency at which the downlink signal arrives at the UE and rx_f, and/or f2_dl is a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception, the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link comprising a UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception is determined from satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, f1 is indicated by the base station and/or f1 is performed by the base station.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, f1 comprises at least one of: comFd sl dl as a common frequency offset on the downlink traffic link; or Fd fl dl as a frequency offset on the downstream feeder link.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, rx_f plus f3 or rx_f minus f3 is determined from the downlink reference signal.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the value of f1 provided by the base station to the UE and/or the value of f1 comprises zero.

In some embodiments of any of the above embodiments according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, the value of the common offset is provided by the base station to the UE; and/or the common offset is indicated to the UE by the base station; and/or the common offset is indicated in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI.

In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described method.

In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a chip comprising a processor configured to invoke and run a computer program stored in a memory, so that a device on which the chip is mounted performs the above-described method.

In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute the above-described method is provided.

In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, the computer program causing a computer to perform the above method.

In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program is provided to cause a computer to perform the above method.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art, the following drawings described in the embodiments will be briefly introduced. It is evident that these drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, from which one of ordinary skill in the art could obtain other drawings without undue effort.

Fig. 1A is a block diagram of one or more UEs and base stations (e.g., a gNB or eNB) communicating in a communication network system (e.g., a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or a terrestrial network) according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 1B is a block diagram of one or more UEs and base stations (e.g., a gNB or eNB) communicating in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication performed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication performed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication system including a Base Station (BS) and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a BS transmitting 3 beams to the ground forming 3 coverage areas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of frequency synchronization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Technical gist, structural features, achievement purposes and effects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In particular, the terminology used in the embodiments of the disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure.

Fig. 1A illustrates that in some embodiments, one or more UEs 10 and base stations (e.g., gnbs or enbs) 20 for transmission adjustment in a communication network system 30 (e.g., a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or a terrestrial network) according to embodiments of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 30 includes a base station 20 and one or more UEs 10. One or more UEs 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The base station 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11 or 21 may be configured to implement the proposed functions, processes and/or methods described in the present specification. The layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 and stores various information to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and/or receives wireless signals.

The processor 11 or 21 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipset, logic circuit, and/or data processing device. The memory 12 or 22 may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (random access memory, RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and/or other storage devices. The transceiver 13 or 23 may include baseband circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. These modules may be stored in the memory 12 or 22 and executed by the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 may be implemented within the processor 11 or 21 or external to the processor 11 or 21, in which case the memory 12 or 22 can be communicatively coupled to the processor 11 or 21 via various means as is known in the art.

In some embodiments, the communication between the UE 10 and the BS 20 includes non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication. In some embodiments, the base station 20 comprises a satellite-borne or airborne platform or an aerial platform station. The base station 20 may communicate with the UE 10 via an on-board or airborne platform (e.g., NTN satellite 40), as shown in fig. 1B.

Fig. 1B shows a system comprising a base station 20 and one or more UEs 10. Alternatively, the system may comprise more than one base station 20, and each base station 20 may be connected to one or more UEs 10. In the present disclosure, there is no limitation. As an example, the base station 20 as shown in fig. 1B may be a mobile base station, for example, a satellite-borne vehicle (satellite) or an airborne vehicle (drone). The UE 10 may send transmissions to the base station 20 and the UE 10 may also receive transmissions from the base station 20. Alternatively, not shown in fig. 1B, the mobile base station may also act as a relay, relaying transmissions received from the UE 10 to the terrestrial base station, and vice versa. Alternatively, the satellite 40 may be considered a relay point relaying communications between the UE 10 and the base station 20 (e.g., the gNB/eNB). The satellite-borne platform includes satellites 40, the satellites 40 including low earth orbit (low earth orbiting, LEO) satellites, medium earth orbit (medium earth orbiting, MEO) satellites, and geostationary orbit (geostationary earth orbiting, GEO) satellites. As the satellites 40 move, LEO satellites and MEO satellites move relative to a given location on the earth. However, for GEO satellites, GEO satellites are relatively stationary with respect to a given location on the earth. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, some embodiments focus on LEO satellite types or MEO satellite types for which some embodiments of the present disclosure aim to address a wider range of frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) issues.

The satellite-borne platform comprises satellites including LEO satellites, MEO satellites and GEO satellites. The LEO satellites and MEO satellites move relative to a given location on the earth as the satellites move. However, for GEO satellites, GEO satellites are relatively stationary with respect to a given location on the earth.

In some embodiments, the processor 11 is configured to obtain the first information and/or the second information from the base station 20, and the processor 11 is configured to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission. This may solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the processor 21 is configured to indicate the first information and/or the second information to the UE 10, and the processor 21 is configured to configure the UE 10 to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission. This may solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

Fig. 2 illustrates a method 200 of wireless communication performed by a UE 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 200 includes: at block 202, the ue 10 obtains first information and/or second information from the base station 20. The ue 10 uses the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission, block 204. This may solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

Fig. 3 illustrates a method 300 of wireless communication performed by a base station 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 300 includes: the base station 10 indicates the first information and/or the second information to the UE 10, block 302. At block 304, the base station 20 configures the UE 10 for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission using the first information and/or the second information. This may solve the problems of the prior art, provide synchronization for reception and/or transmission, reduce signaling overhead, provide good communication performance, and/or provide high reliability.

In some embodiments, the first information and/or the second information is related to frequency domain synchronization. In some embodiments, the frequency domain synchronization includes at least one of: one or more frequency offsets, or one or more doppler offsets. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or the doppler offset is at least one of: a traffic link or a feeder link. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is the offset experienced on the traffic link and/or feeder link. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset is an offset on the traffic link and/or on the feeder link that is compensated for by the base station. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on the link between satellite 40 and UE 10, and the link between satellite 40 and UE 10 comprises a link from satellite 40 to UE 10 and/or a link from UE 10 to satellite 40. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on the link between satellite 40 and base station 20, and the link between satellite 40 and base station 20 comprises a link from satellite to base station 20 and/or a link from base station 20 to satellite 40. In some embodiments, the second information is related to satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point status. In some embodiments, the satellite ephemeris data comprises at least one of: one or more satellite positions, one or more satellite speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more satellite positions and/or the one or more satellite speeds.

In some embodiments, the reference point state includes at least one of: one or more reference point locations, one or more reference point speeds, one or more reference times corresponding to the one or more reference point locations and/or the one or more reference point speeds. In some embodiments, the satellite positions and/or satellite velocities and/or reference point positions and/or reference point velocities comprise at least one of the following forms: two-dimensional coordinates, or three-dimensional coordinates. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional coordinates include three coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the three coordinate axes. In some embodiments, the two-dimensional coordinates include two coordinate axes, and the satellite position and/or satellite velocity and/or reference point position and/or reference point velocity are represented by the two coordinate axes. In some embodiments, the first information and/or the second information is transmitted in at least one of: a system information block (system information block, SIB), a radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) message, a medium access control (medium access control, MAC) Control Element (CE), or downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI). In some embodiments, the SIB includes SIB x, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In some embodiments, the RRC message includes at least one of: cell-specific RRC messages or UE-specific RRC messages. In some embodiments, the RRC message includes RRC information elements (information element, IE) for intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements. In some embodiments, the intra-frequency measurements and/or inter-frequency measurements are based on a synchronization signal block (synchronization signal block, SSB) and/or a channel state information reference signal (channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS). In some embodiments, the RRC IE includes MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments, the first information and/or the second information is associated with one or more cell indexes and/or one or more beam indexes and/or one or more frequencies. In some embodiments, the one or more frequencies include at least one of: SSB frequency or reference frequency of CSI-RS. In some embodiments, the one or more frequencies include a first point, point a, for mapping CSI-RS to physical resources according to TS 38.211 clause 7.4.1.5.3. In some embodiments, SSB frequencies are associated with MeasObjectNR.

In some embodiments, the one or more beam indexes include at least one of: SSB index, CSI-RS resource index, or CSI-RS resource set index. In some embodiments, one or more beam indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR. In some embodiments, one or more cell indexes are configured in MeasObjectNR. In some embodiments, the method, the UE 10 performing downlink reception and/or uplink transmission using the first information and/or the second information includes: the UE 10 compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in downlink reception and/or the UE 10 compensates for the first frequency offset or the first doppler offset in uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: a second frequency offset or a third frequency offset. In some embodiments, the second frequency offset is obtained from the first information. In some embodiments, a third frequency offset is derived from the second information. In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is derived by the UE 10 from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point state. In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is obtained from the first information.

In some embodiments, the first frequency offset is derived from at least one of: the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are subtracted or the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset are added. In some embodiments, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: a second doppler shift or a third doppler shift. In some embodiments, the second doppler shift is obtained from the first information. In some embodiments, a third Doppler shift is derived from the second information. In some embodiments, the third doppler bias is derived by the UE 10 from satellite ephemeris data and/or reference point states. In some embodiments, a third Doppler shift is obtained from the first information. In some embodiments, the first doppler shift is derived from at least one of: the second and third doppler shifts are subtracted or the second and third doppler shifts are added. In some embodiments, the UE 10 determines the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset to subtract or add based on the downlink reception or the uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the first frequency offset includes a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset. In some embodiments, the first frequency offset comprises a difference between the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset. In some embodiments, the UE 10 determines the second and third doppler offsets to subtract or add based on downlink reception or uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the first doppler shift comprises a second doppler shift and a third doppler shift. In some embodiments, the first doppler shift comprises a difference between the second doppler shift and the third doppler shift.

In some examples, the UE 10 may obtain the second frequency offset from the first information and derive the third frequency offset from the satellite ephemeris data and the reference point state in the second information. The third frequency offset may be the actual frequency offset on the traffic link and the second frequency offset may be the frequency offset on the traffic link that is compensated by the base station 20. For downlink reception, the UE 10 may compensate for a first frequency offset on the downlink transmission, where the first frequency offset is the difference between the actual frequency offset and the base station compensated frequency offset, i.e., the first frequency offset is the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset minus. Alternatively, the second frequency offset may be the frequency offset on the feeder link from the satellite 40 to the base station 20, and the third frequency offset is the actual frequency offset on the traffic link from the UE 10 to the satellite 40. When the UE 10 sends an uplink transmission, the UE 10 compensates for the uplink transmission with a first frequency offset, wherein the first frequency offset comprises both a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset, i.e. the first frequency offset is the sum of the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset.

In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset comprises N times Fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in hertz and N is an integer. In some embodiments, N includes a positive sign and/or a negative sign. In some embodiments, the frequency offset or doppler offset is zero at the reference point.

In some embodiments, the downlink reception includes at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception. In some embodiments, the uplink transmission includes at least one of: physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

In some embodiments, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission relative to the first reference point. In some embodiments, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset and/or a common offset in the uplink transmission relative to the first reference point. In some embodiments, the common offset is indicated to the UE by the base station. In some embodiments, the common offset is indicated in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI. In some embodiments, the common offset includes at least one of: as a common frequency offset comFd sl ul on the uplink traffic link; or as a frequency offset Fd fl ul on the uplink feeder link. In some embodiments, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on a traffic link for uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the first reference point comprises an uplink nominal frequency of the base station. In some embodiments, the first reference point is equal to the second reference point plus or minus the duplex offset.

In some embodiments, the second reference point comprises a downlink nominal frequency of the base station. In some embodiments, the duplex offset is preconfigured or predefined. In some embodiments, the UE is configured to compensate for a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset in the uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the third frequency offset or third doppler offset comprises a UE-specific doppler shift on an uplink traffic link for uplink transmission. In some embodiments, the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link is determined from at least one of: satellite ephemeris data, UE position or UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link. In some embodiments, the UE is configured to determine the downlink nominal frequency of the base station (gnb_f_dl) according to at least one of: rx_f, f3, f2_dl, or f1, where rx_f is the downlink nominal frequency of the UE or the reference downlink received frequency, f3 is the residual frequency shift, f2_dl is the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link, and f1 is the common frequency precompensation. In some embodiments, gnb_f_dl=rx_f+f3-f2_dl+f1; or gnb_f_dl=rx_f-f3-f2_dl+f1.

In some embodiments, f3 is the residual frequency shift, including the frequency shift between the frequency at which the downlink signal arrives at the UE and rx_f. In some embodiments, f2_dl is a third frequency offset or a third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception, the third frequency offset or the third doppler offset on the downlink traffic link comprising a UE-specific doppler shift on the downlink traffic link for downlink reception. In some embodiments, a UE-specific doppler shift on a downlink traffic link for downlink reception is determined from satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position. In some embodiments, f1 is indicated by the base station and/or f1 is performed by the base station. In some embodiments, f1 comprises at least one of: comFd sl dl as a common frequency offset on the downstream traffic link or Fd fl dl as a frequency offset on the downstream feeder link. In some embodiments, rx_f plus f3 or rx_f minus f3 is determined by the downlink reference signal. In some embodiments, the value of f1 is provided to the UE by the base station. In some embodiments, the value of the common offset is provided by the base station to the UE. In some embodiments, the value of f1 comprises zero.

Fig. 4 illustrates a communication system including a Base Station (BS) and a UE according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Alternatively, the communication system may comprise more than one base station, and each base station may be connected to one or more UEs. In the present disclosure, there is no limitation. As an example, the base station as shown in fig. 1A may be a mobile base station, for example, a satellite-borne vehicle (satellite) or an airborne vehicle (drone). The UE may send transmissions to the base station and the UE may also receive transmissions from the base station. Alternatively, not shown in fig. 4, the mobile base station may also act as a relay, relaying the transmissions received from the UE to the terrestrial base station, and vice versa.

The satellite-borne platform comprises satellites including LEO satellites, MEO satellites and GEO satellites. The LEO satellites and MEO satellites move relative to a given location on the earth as the satellites move. However, for GEO satellites, GEO satellites are relatively stationary with respect to a given location on the earth. A mobile base station or satellite (e.g., in particular a LEO satellite or drone) communicates with UEs on the ground. Due to the large distance between the UE and the base station on the satellite, a beam forming transmission is required to extend the coverage.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 5, where the base station is integrated in a satellite or drone, and the base station transmits one or more beams to the ground, one or more coverage areas, referred to as coverage areas (footprints), are formed. In fig. 5, the BS transmits three beams (beam 1, beam 2, and beam 3) to form three coverage areas (coverage area 1, coverage area 2, and coverage area 3), respectively, as illustrated. Alternatively, the 3 beams are transmitted at 3 different frequencies. In this example, the bit positions are associated with the beams. Fig. 5 illustrates that in some embodiments, a mobile base station (e.g., in particular a LEO satellite or drone) communicates with UEs on the ground. Due to the large distance between the UE and the base station on the satellite, a beam forming transmission is required to extend the coverage. As shown in fig. 5, where the base station transmits three beams to the earth, three coverage areas, called coverage areas, are formed. Furthermore, each beam may be transmitted at a dedicated frequency such that the beams for coverage area 1, coverage area 2, and coverage area 3 do not overlap in the frequency domain. An advantage of having different frequencies corresponding to different beams is that interference between the beams can be minimized.

In some embodiments, a mobile Base Station (BS) (e.g., in particular a LEO satellite or drone) communicates with UEs on the ground. The Round Trip Time (RTT) between the BS and the UE varies with time. The RTT change is related to a distance change between the BS and the UE. The RTT change rate is proportional to the motion speed of the BS. To ensure good uplink synchronization, the BS will adjust uplink transmission timing and/or frequency for the UE. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for uplink synchronization adjustment is provided, and the uplink synchronization adjustment includes at least one of: transmission timing adjustment or transmission frequency adjustment. Optionally, the transmission timing adjustment further includes a Timing Advance (TA) adjustment.

Fig. 6 illustrates an uplink-downlink timing relationship according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 illustrates that in some embodiments, downlink, uplink, and side-link transmissions are organized to have a duration T _f ＝(Δf _max N _f /100)·T _c A plurality of frames of 10ms, each frame consisting of a duration T _sf ＝(Δf _max N _f /1000)·T _c Ten subframes of 1 ms. T (T) _f Refers to the radio frame duration. Δf refers to subcarrier spacing. n is n _f Representing a system frame number (system frame number, SFN). T (T) _c Refers to the basic time unit of NR. T (T) _sf Refers to the duration of the subframe. The number of consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (orthogonal frequency division multiplexed, OFDM) symbols per subframe is Refers to the number of OFDM symbols per subframe for the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. />Refers to the number of symbols per slot. />Refers to the number of slots per subframe for the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. Each frame is divided into two equal sized half frames, each half frame comprising five subframes, wherein half frame 0 consists of subframes 0-4 and half frame 1 consists of subframes 5-9. On one carrier there is a set of frames in the uplink and a set of frames in the downlink. Except for using T on physical uplink shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) _TA In addition to message a (msgA) transmission of =0, the uplink frame number i of the transmission from the UE starts T before the corresponding downlink frame at the UE starts _TA ＝(N _TA +N _TA,offset T _c ) Wherein N is _TA,offset Given by TS 38.213. T (T) _TA Refers to timing advance between downlink and uplink. N (N) _TA Refers to timing advance between downlink and uplink. N (N) _TA,offset Is used forA fixed offset of the timing advance is calculated. T (T) _c Refers to the basic time unit of NR.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure cover two cases: earth moving beams and earth fixed beams. The earth moving beam means that the transmitting beam transmitted by the satellite is a fixed beam and cannot be adjusted. In this case, as the satellite moves, the transmit beam is also moving. On the other hand, an earth-fixed beam means that as the satellite moves, the satellite adjusts the transmit beam to ensure that its projection or coverage on the earth is unchanged.

A Feeder Link (FL) is located between the satellite and the base station. The uplink feeder link (fl_ul) refers to the transmission link from the satellite to the base station, and the downlink feeder link (fl_dl) refers to the transmission link from the base station to the satellite. A Service Link (SL) is located between the satellite and the UE. The uplink traffic link (sl_ul) refers to the transmission link from the UE to the satellite. The downlink traffic link (sl_dl) refers to the transmission link from the satellite to the UE. In some examples, the frequencies of fl_ul, fl_dl, sl_ul, and sl_dl may be different. In some examples, the frequencies of sl_ul and sl_dl may be the same. In some examples, the frequencies of fl_ul and fl_dl may be the same.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, resfd_sl_dl represents the remaining frequency offset on the downlink traffic link; resFd_sl_ul represents the remaining frequency offset on the uplink traffic link; fd_sl_dl represents the frequency offset on the downstream traffic link; fd_sl_ul represents the frequency offset on the uplink traffic link; comFd sl dl represents the common frequency offset on the downlink traffic link compensated by the base station; comFd_sl_ul represents the common frequency offset on the uplink traffic link compensated by the base station; fd_fl_dl represents the frequency offset on the downlink link; fd_fl_ul represents the frequency offset on the uplink link.

In some examples, as shown in fig. 1B, in an NTN system, when a base station 20 sends a downlink transmission to a UE 10, the transmission may pass through a feeder link between the base station 20 (gateway) and a satellite 40, and the transmission may further pass through a traffic link between the satellite 40 and the UE 10. Due to the mobility of the satellites 40, frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) may be introduced in the feeder link and the traffic link. The base station 20 may pre-compensate for a portion of the frequency offset and/or doppler offset on the feeder link and/or traffic link. With this pre-compensation, the UE 10 may experience a smaller frequency offset and/or doppler shift range, which will make it easier for the UE 10 to detect synchronization signals, such as primary synchronization sequences (primary synchronization sequence, PSS). In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) on the traffic link comprises a frequency shift on the link between satellite 40 and UE 10, and the link between satellite 40 and UE 10 comprises an uplink and/or a downlink. In some embodiments, the frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) on the feeder link comprises a frequency shift on the link between satellite 40 and base station 20, and the link between satellite 40 and base station 20 comprises a link from satellite to base station 20 and/or a link from base station 20 to satellite 40. In some embodiments, the downlink reception includes at least one of: physical downlink shared channel (physical downlink sharing channel, PDSCH) reception, physical downlink control channel (physical downlink control channel, PDCCH) reception, SSB reception, or CSI-RS reception.

Since the base station 20 does not know the exact location of the UE 10, the base station 20 may pre-compensate only for part of the frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) on the traffic link. In this case, there is still some residual frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) on the traffic link. To reduce the remaining frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift), the UE 10 may estimate or calculate the remaining frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) based on a downlink reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS). Alternatively, the UE may estimate or calculate the residual frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) by refd_sl_dl = fd_sl_dl-comfd_sl_dl, where refd_sl_dl is the residual frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) or the residual frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) on the traffic link; fd sl dl is the true frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) on the traffic link; comFd sl dl is the frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) on the traffic link that is pre-compensated by the network. The UE 10 may obtain the true frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) on the traffic link (fd_sl_dl) based on the UE position and velocity and the satellite position and velocity. In this case, the base station 20 may need to notify the UE 10 of satellite ephemeris data.

The ephemeris data contains information about the orbit of the satellite. Ephemeris data is in different possible forms of representation. One possible representation is to use orbit parameters such as semi-major axis, eccentricity, dip, ascending intersection, right ascent, near-place argument, straight-ahead point angle of reference time point and epoch. The first five parameters may determine the orbital plane and the other two parameters are used to determine the precise satellite position at a time. Another possible option is to provide the satellite's position in coordinates (x, y, z) (e.g., ECEF coordinates). For any parameter other than GEO, a velocity vector (vx, vy, vz) and a reference point in time are also required. Description of track parameters table 1 and corresponding description are as follows.

TABLE 1 essential elements of the ephemeris

Ephemeris is represented in an ASCII file using a two-line element (TLE) format. The TLE data format encodes a list of orbital elements of an earth orbit object into two 70-column rows. The contents of the TLE table are shown below. The reference time includes global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) time or coordinated universal time (coordinated universal time, UTC) time.

TABLE 2 first row of ephemeris

TABLE 3 second row of ephemeris

After obtaining the satellite ephemeris data, the UE 10 may use the satellite ephemeris data and the UE position to calculate fd_sl_dl. In some examples, the base station 20 may also notify the UE 10 of comfd_sl_dl so that the UE 10 may derive the remaining frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) refsl dl by removing the comfd_sl_dl portion from fd_sl_dl. Alternatively, the base station 10 informs the UE 10 of comfd_sl_dl, and the base station 20 lets the UE 10 decide whether to use comfd_sl_dl to derive resfd_sl_dl.

In some examples, base station 20 may send comfd_sl dl directly to UE 10. Alternatively, the base station 20 may transmit a reference point position, and the UE 10 may derive comfd_sl_dl based on the satellite position and the reference point position. Note that the reference point is the point where the frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) is zero, i.e. fully precompensated by the base station 20. The advantage of sending the reference point location is that in case of a time-varying comFd sl dl, the UE 10 can directly adjust the comFd sl dl value without the need to update the signaling, resulting in reduced signaling overhead. In some examples, comfd_sl_dl or reference point position may be sent in at least one of: system information including SIB x, where x is an integer; cell-specific RRC; UE-specific RRC; MAC-CE; or DCI. In some examples, when base station 20 transmits the comFd sl dl signal, it may be in Hz. Alternatively, the base station 20 may transmit a value of N, where N is the transmitted value, and the UE 10 derives comfd_sl_dl from comfd_sl_dl=n×fs, where Fs is the frequency granularity in Hz. Optionally, the value of N is an integer.

In some examples, the base station 20 configures the UE 10 to perform measurements on the serving cell or one or more neighboring cells in the MeasObjectNR (MO) IE. In this IE, the base station 20 configures a frequency point at which the UE 10 performs SSB measurement. In addition, in the MO IE, the base station 20 may also configure one or more target cells for measurement by the UE 10. The IE MeasObjectNR specifies information applicable to SS/PBCH block intra/inter-frequency measurements and/or CSI-RS intra/inter-frequency measurements. The MeasObjectNR information element and MeasObjectNR field description may refer to TS 38.331. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when the UE 10 detects SSB, it may derive an associated cell index and further check whether the associated cell index belongs to the configured target cell or cells. Further, in the MO IE, the base station 20 may provide at least one of the following information: satellite ephemeris data corresponding to one or more configured target cells; information relating to reference point locations corresponding to one or more configured target cells; or comFd sl dl-related information corresponding to one or more configured target cells. Optionally, the information may be further related to a beam index, such as an SSB index and/or a CSI-RS resource index. For example, when the information relates to a reference point location, base station 20 may provide a set of Reference Point (RP) locations associated with a set of SSB indices, such as RP0 for SSB index 0, RP1 for SSB index 1, and so on. Alternatively, the satellite ephemeris data and/or information about comfd_sl_dl may be associated with a frequency associated with MeasObjectNR, such as ssbFrequency or refFreqCSI-RS. In some examples, when the satellite ephemeris data and/or information about comfd_sl_dl is associated with a frequency, the UE considers the satellite ephemeris data and/or information about comfd_sl_dl to be the same in a set of cell indexes and/or a set of beam indexes configured in the same MeasObjectNR.

In some examples, when the UE 10 performs an uplink transmission to the base station 20, the UE pre-compensates for the frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift), e.g., the uplink transmission may be represented as follows:

s(t)＝e ^-j2παt *s ₁ (t) wherein s ₁ (t) is the OFDM baseband signal generated according to section 5.3 of TS 38.211, α being related to the frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) of the uplink transmission to be precompensated. In some examples, α includes at least one of the following: the remaining frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) refsl ul of the uplink; the true frequency offset and/or doppler offset (frequency shift) fd_sl_ul on the uplink traffic link; or the true frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) fd_fl_ul on the feeder link. In some examples, resfd_sl_ul is related to resfd_sl_dl, or resfd_sl_ul may be derived from resfd_sl_dl. In some examples, fd_sl_ul is related to fd_sl_dl, or fd_sl_ul may be derived from fd_sl_dl. In some cases showIn an example, the UE 10 compensates for a first frequency offset of the uplink, wherein the first frequency offset includes a second frequency offset and a third frequency offset. The second frequency offset is a feeder link frequency offset and the third frequency offset is a traffic link frequency offset. The second frequency offset is indicated by the base station 20 and the third frequency offset is derived by the UE 10 from the satellite ephemeris data and the reference point location. In some examples, the frequency offset on the uplink traffic link refers to the frequency offset on the link from the UE 10 to the satellite 40. The frequency offset on the downlink traffic link refers to the frequency offset on the link of the satellite 40 to the UE 10. In some examples, the uplink traffic link is at a different frequency than the downlink traffic link. In some examples, the frequency offset on the uplink traffic link may be derived from the frequency offset on the downlink traffic link based on their respective frequencies, e.g., fd_sl_ul is proportional to (f_ul/f_dl), where f_ul is the uplink frequency and f_dl is the downlink frequency. Optionally, similar examples apply to the remaining frequency offsets on the traffic link, i.e., resfd_sl_ul and resfd_sl_dl, and/or the frequency offsets on the feeder link, i.e., fd_fl_ul and fd_fl_dl. In some examples, the base station 20 indicates whether the UE 10 performs frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) precompensation. In some examples, the UE 10 performs frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) precompensation when the base station 20 provides information related to α. In some examples, the UE 10 does not perform frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) precompensation when the base station 20 does not provide information related to α. In some examples, base station 20 provides information related to α in at least one of: system information including SIB x, where x is an integer; cell-specific RRC; UE-specific RRC; MAC-CE; or DCI. In some examples, the frequency offset and/or the doppler offset (frequency shift) α is time-varying. In this case, the base station 20 provides a set of α, each α corresponding to a dedicated time interval. The UE 10 selects α corresponding to a time interval in which the uplink is to be transmitted and performs frequency offset and/or doppler shift (frequency shift) precompensation for the uplink transmission using the selected α. In some embodiments, the uplink transmission includes at least one of: physical uplink Shared channel (physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH) transmission, physical uplink control channel (physical uplink control channel, PUCCH) transmission, physical random access channel (physical random access channel, PRACH) transmission, or sounding reference signal (sounding reference signal, SRS) transmission.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of frequency synchronization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, a UE in a connected state, an idle state, or a UE in an inactive state will be able to support self-estimation of the frequency shift of the traffic link. Thus, frequency synchronization will utilize the UE capacity. Fig. 7 illustrates that in some embodiments, a UE receives a downlink signal from a gNB. Some embodiments assume that the gNB transmits a downlink signal at a reference frequency or nominal frequency of the downlink; and the nominal frequency of the UE for receiving the downlink signal is denoted by rx_f. In some examples, there is a frequency error between the nominal frequency of the gNB and the nominal frequency of the UE, which is denoted by f4 in fig. 7. When the UE receives a downlink reference signal, the downlink reference signal will arrive at the UE side, which has a frequency shift due to e.g. doppler shift, and the UE can estimate the frequency shift between the frequency of the downlink signal arrival and rx_f, which is denoted by f 3. However, if the UE directly applies f3 as a pre-compensation with respect to tx_f, which is the UE uplink nominal frequency, and tx_f is a frequency offset by a duplex offset with respect to rx_f, uplink frequencies between different UEs cannot be synchronized, resulting in serious orthogonality problems between UEs. From this example, due to the large UE-specific doppler shift on the traffic link, only pre-compensation of the remaining doppler shift does not work. Thus, the UE must pre-compensate for the UE-specific doppler shift on the uplink traffic link based on the nominal frequency of the gNB for the uplink transmission. For this purpose, the UE needs to know the gnb_f_ul frequency. The uplink nominal frequency of the gNB is obtained from the downlink nominal frequency of the gNB shifted by a duplex shift. Thus, the UE may determine gnb_f_ul as long as the UE obtains the downlink nominal frequency of the gNB. It should be noted that the UE knows the duplex offset in advance.

For frequency synchronization, the UE pre-compensating only the remaining frequency shift of the uplink may introduce orthogonality problems between different UEs. Fig. 7 illustrates that in some embodiments, it is an efficient way that the UE will pre-compensate for UE-specific doppler shift on the traffic link. But to do so, the UE needs to know the downlink nominal frequency of the gNB. In practice, the UE does not need to know the exact location of the gNB nominal frequency. Conversely, the UE may assume: gnb_f_dl=rx_f +/-f3-f2_dl+f1, where rx_f +/-f3 is represented in the example as a receiver frequency shift and is determined by the DL reference signal. Note that based on the downlink reference signal or downlink synchronization signal, e.g. SSB or tracking reference signal (tracking referene signal, TRS), the UE can estimate whether the downlink signal arrives at the UE side with a frequency lower or higher than rx_f. Assuming an absolute frequency shift value of f3, when the arrival frequency is lower than Rx_f, the UE will determine the frequency shift as Rx-f3. When the arrival frequency is higher than rx_f, the UE will determine the frequency shift to rx+f3. Alternatively, if f3 is not assumed to be an absolute frequency shift value, and it may be positive, negative or zero, then when f3 is positive, this means that the arrival frequency is higher than rx_f. When f3 is negative, this means that the arrival frequency is lower than Rx_f. In this case, the UE determines the frequency shift as rx_f+f3, f2_dl is the UE-specific doppler shift on the traffic link, which is determined by satellite ephemeris and/or UE position; f1 is the common frequency precompensation (C) that may be performed on the gNB side, which may be indicated by gNB. In some examples, the UE considers f1=0 when the gNB does not indicate f1, or the UE does not obtain information about f1 from the gNB. Once the UE determines the gnb_f_dl, the UE may perform precompensation for the uplink transmission with respect to the gnb_f_ul by f2_ul and/or a common offset (C). In some examples, f2_ul is obtained through satellite ephemeris data and/or UE position. Optionally f2_ul is derived from f2_dl and scaled in proportion to the ratio between the downlink nominal frequency and the uplink nominal frequency. In some examples, gnb_f_ul is obtained from gnb_f_dl and a duplex offset. In some examples, the gNB provides the common offset (C) to the UE in at least one of: system information, RRC message, MAC-CE, or DCI. Alternatively, the UE considers the common offset to be zero when the UE does not obtain any information about the common offset from the gNB. Thereby, orthogonality between UEs can be maintained. In this example, a scheme is provided for uplink frequency synchronization, i.e. the UE should pre-compensate for UE-specific doppler shift on the traffic link with respect to the uplink nominal frequency of the gNB.

The commercial benefits of some embodiments are as follows. 1. Solves the problems in the prior art. 2. Synchronization is provided for reception and/or transmission. 3. The signaling overhead is reduced. 4. Providing good communication performance. 5. Providing high reliability. 6. The user of some embodiments of the present disclosure includes: 5G-NR chipset vendor; V2X communication system development suppliers; vehicle manufacturers including automobiles, trains, trucks, buses, bicycles, motorcycles, helmets, and the like; unmanned aerial vehicles (unmanned aerial vehicles); smart phone manufacturer; a communication device for public safety purposes; augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) device manufacturers, AR/VR devices are used for example for gaming, conference/seminar, educational purposes. Some embodiments of the present disclosure are a combination of "technologies/procedures" that may be employed in the 3GPP specifications to create the end product. Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be employed in 5G NR unlicensed band communications. Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a technical mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an example system 700 for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The embodiments described herein may be implemented in a system using any suitably configured hardware and/or software. Fig. 8 illustrates a system 700, the system 700 comprising Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 710, baseband circuitry 720, application circuitry 730, memory/storage 740, display 750, camera 760, sensor 770, and input/output (I/O) interface 780 coupled to one another at least as shown. Application circuitry 730 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may comprise any combination of general-purpose processors and special-purpose processors, such as graphics processors, application processors. The processor may be coupled to the memory/storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to implement various applications and/or operating systems running on the system.

Baseband circuitry 720 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor may comprise a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various wireless control functions capable of communicating with one or more wireless networks via radio frequency circuitry. The wireless control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, and the like. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide communications compatible with one or more wireless technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (evolved universal terrestrial radio access network, EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (wireless metropolitan area network, WMAN), wireless local area networks (wireless local area network, WLAN), wireless personal area networks (wireless personal area network, WPAN). In an embodiment, a baseband circuit configured to support wireless communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as a multi-mode baseband circuit.

In various embodiments, baseband circuitry 720 may include circuitry that operates with signals that are not strictly considered to be at baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may include circuitry that operates using signals having intermediate frequencies between baseband frequencies and radio frequencies. The radio frequency circuitry 710 may use modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium to enable communication with a wireless network. In various embodiments, the radio frequency circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, and the like to facilitate communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the radio frequency circuitry 710 may include circuitry that operates using signals that are not strictly considered to be in the radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, the radio frequency circuitry may include circuitry that operates using signals having an intermediate frequency between baseband frequency and radio frequency.

In various embodiments, the transmit, control, or receive circuitry discussed above with respect to the user equipment, eNB, or gNB may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of radio frequency circuitry, baseband circuitry, and/or application circuitry. As used herein, "circuitry" may refer to, or be part of, or include the following: an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in or the functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, application circuitry, and/or memory/storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC). Memory/storage 740 may be used to load and store data and/or instructions, for example, for the system. The memory/storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory (e.g., dynamic random access memory (dynamic random access memory, DRAM)) and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory).

In various embodiments, the I/O interface 780 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable a user to interact with the system and/or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral components to interact with the system. The user interface may include, but is not limited to, a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, and the like. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, non-volatile memory ports, universal serial bus (universal serial bus, USB) ports, audio jacks, and power interfaces. In various embodiments, the sensor 770 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and/or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, gyroscopic sensors, accelerometers, proximity sensors, ambient light sensors, and positioning units. The positioning unit may also be part of or interact with baseband circuitry and/or radio frequency circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, such as a global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) satellite.

In various embodiments, display 750 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, system 700 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computer device, a tablet computer device, a netbook, a super book, a smartphone, AR/VR glasses, and the like. In various embodiments, the system may have more or fewer components and/or different architectures. The methods described herein may be implemented as computer programs, where appropriate. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium such as a non-transitory storage medium.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each of the elements, algorithms, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented using electronic hardware or a combination of computer and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the technology. One of ordinary skill in the art may implement the functionality of each particular application in a different manner without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that since the operation of the above-described systems, devices and units are substantially the same, he/she may refer to the operation of the systems, devices and units in the above-described embodiments. For convenience of description and simplification, these working processes will not be described in detail.

It will be appreciated that the systems, devices, and methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments are merely exemplary. The partitioning of the cells is based solely on logic functions, while other partitions exist in the implementation. Multiple units or components may be combined or integrated in another system. Certain features may be omitted or skipped. On the other hand, the mutual coupling, direct coupling or communicative coupling shown or discussed operates through some ports, devices or units, whether indirectly or communicatively through electrical, mechanical or other type of means.

The units, which are separate components for explanation, are physically separated or not. The units for displaying are physical units or not physical units, i.e. located in one place or distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units are used according to the purpose of the embodiment. Furthermore, each functional unit in embodiments may be physically integrated in one processing unit independently, or integrated in one processing unit having two or more units.

If the software functional unit is implemented, used and sold as a product, it may be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions proposed by the present disclosure may be implemented substantially or partly in the form of a software product. Alternatively, a part of the technical solution that contributes to the prior art may be implemented in the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including several commands for a computing device (e.g., a personal computer, server, or network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), a floppy disk, or other type of medium capable of storing program code.

While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the broadest interpretation of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method performed by a User Equipment (UE), the method comprising:

the UE acquires first information and/or second information from a base station; and

the UE uses the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

2. A wireless communication method performed by a base station, the method comprising:

the base station indicates the first information and/or the second information to a User Equipment (UE); and

the base station configures the UE to use the first information and/or the second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

3. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:

a memory;

a transceiver; and

a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;

wherein the processor is configured to obtain the first information and/or the second information from the base station; and

the processor is configured to use the first information and/or second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

4. A base station, comprising:

a memory;

a transceiver; and

a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;

wherein the processor is configured to indicate the first information and/or the second information to a User Equipment (UE); and

the processor is configured to configure the UE to use the first information and/or second information for downlink reception and/or uplink transmission.

5. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of claim 1 or 2.

6. A chip, comprising:

a processor configured to invoke and run a computer program stored in a memory, so that a device on which the chip is installed performs the method according to claim 1 or 2.

7. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform the method according to claim 1 or 2.

8. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform the method according to claim 1 or 2.

9. A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to perform the method according to claim 1 or 2.