CN116462807B

CN116462807B - Formula of silica gel, preparation method of silica gel, shower outlet net and shower

Info

Publication number: CN116462807B
Application number: CN202310303511.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢炜; 邱玉超; 李焕新
Original assignee: Arrow Home Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Arrow Home Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-24
Filing date: 2023-03-24
Publication date: 2024-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-24
Also published as: CN116462807A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of silica gel, in particular to a silica gel formula and a preparation method thereof, a shower outlet net and a shower. The silica gel comprises, by mass, 40 to 70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1 to 5 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups, 1 to 4 parts of fluorine-containing acrylate and 0.1 to 0.5 part of platinum catalyst. The borneol ester has an antibacterial effect, and the borneol ester is grafted onto the molecular chain of the polysiloxane through the chemical reaction of the borneol ester containing the reactive group and the vinyl polysiloxane under the condition of a platinum catalyst, so that the polysiloxane has an antibacterial function. The fluorine-containing acrylic ester reacts with vinyl polysiloxane and is directly grafted to a molecular chain of the polysiloxane, so that the antifouling performance of the silica gel is more durable, and the polysiloxane is a raw material for preparing the silica gel.

Description

Formula of silica gel, preparation method of silica gel, shower outlet net and shower

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of silica gel, in particular to a silica gel formula and a preparation method thereof, a shower outlet net and a shower.

Background

The silica gel is a thermosetting elastomer, has the advantages of safety, no toxicity or smell, no dissolution in water and any solvent, stable chemical property, no reaction with any substances except strong alkali and hydrofluoric acid, high adsorption performance, good thermal stability and stable chemical property, and can be widely applied to food and industrial products.

In order to improve the safety of use of silica gel products, there is a scheme of adding an antibacterial agent to silica gel, for example, by using antibacterial ability of metals such as silver, copper, zinc, etc., fixing metals such as silver, copper, zinc, etc. on the surface of porous materials such as zeolite, silica gel, etc. by physical adsorption, ion exchange, etc., to prepare an antibacterial agent, and then adding the antibacterial agent to the corresponding products to obtain materials having antibacterial ability. However, the antibacterial agent has a long lasting effect in a long-term water environment, and particularly when the antibacterial agent is exposed to hot water with the temperature of more than 40 ℃ for a long time, metal cations are easy to ionize, so that the concentration of the surface antibacterial agent is reduced, and the antibacterial effect is lost. Meanwhile, although the surface energy of the silica gel is lower, the silica gel has certain antifouling performance compared with the common materials, in actual use, the antifouling effect of the silica gel needs to be continuously enhanced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a formula of silica gel, which aims to improve the lasting antibacterial property and the antifouling property of the silica gel.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the formula of the silica gel provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight:

40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane;

1-5 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups;

1-4 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester;

and 0.1 to 0.5 part of platinum catalyst.

Optionally, the silica gel further comprises fumed silica, and preferably, the fumed silica comprises 25-45 parts by mass.

Optionally, the formula of the silica gel further comprises a silane coupling agent, and preferably, the mass part of the silane coupling agent is 1-4 parts.

Optionally, the silica gel formulation further comprises a low-hydrogen polysiloxane, preferably, the low-hydrogen polysiloxane is 1-10 parts by mass, preferably, the low-hydrogen polysiloxane has a hydrogen mass percentage ranging from 0.05% to 1%, preferably, the low-hydrogen polysiloxane has a hydrogen mass percentage ranging from 0.06% to 1%;

and/or the formula of the silica gel further comprises an inhibitor, preferably, the mass part of the inhibitor is 0.05 to 0.3 part, and preferably, the inhibitor comprises at least one of polyvinyl polysiloxane, alkynol compound, amide compound or cyano compound.

Optionally, the borneol esters containing reactive groups include at least one of borneol acrylate, 2-methacrylate, 2-ethyl borneol acrylate having unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds.

Optionally, the fluorine-containing acrylate comprises one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate and trideoxyfluoride methacrylate.

Optionally, the vinyl polysiloxane has a vinyl mass percent of 0.2% to 1.0% and a viscosity of 5000mpa.s to 12000mpa.s at 25 ℃.

Optionally, the platinum catalyst comprises one or more of a chloroplatinic acid tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane complex, a platinum-alkyne based complex and an isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid;

and/or the mass content of platinum in the platinum catalyst is 1000ppm-2000ppm.

Optionally, the silane coupling agent comprises one or more of dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethylcyclosiloxane and hexamethyldisilazane.

Optionally, the fumed silica meets SiO ₂ Content of>99.8％，SiO ₂ The particle diameter is 5nm to 80nm, and the specific surface area is 120m ² /g-300m ² /g。

The application also provides a preparation method of the silica gel, which comprises the following steps:

Preparing a component A, wherein the component A comprises 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester and 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst according to parts by weight;

uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester and 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst to obtain a component A;

preparing a component B, wherein the component B comprises 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups according to parts by weight;

uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain a component B;

uniformly mixing the component A and the component B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture;

and injecting the mixture into an injection machine, and pressurizing and curing at the reaction temperature to obtain the silica gel.

Optionally, preparing a component A, wherein the component A comprises 40-70 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts by weight of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts by weight of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.2-1 part by weight of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts by weight of fluorine-containing acrylic ester;

uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester to obtain a component A;

Preparing a component B, wherein the component B comprises 40-70 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts by weight of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts by weight of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts by weight of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part by weight of inhibitor and 2-10 parts by weight of borneol ester containing reactive groups;

uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain a component B;

Optionally, preparing a component A, and uniformly heating and mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 50% of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester to obtain the component A;

preparing a component B, namely uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 1-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain the component B;

The component A and the component B are configured according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the platinum catalyst with the residual formula amount in the component A is added and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

The application also provides a shower outlet net, wherein the material formula of the shower outlet net comprises the formula of the silica gel.

The application also provides a shower head, the shower head comprises a shower head water outlet net.

The silica gel comprises, by mass, 40 to 70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1 to 5 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups, 1 to 4 parts of fluorine-containing acrylate and 0.1 to 0.5 part of platinum catalyst. The borneol ester has an antibacterial effect, and the borneol ester is grafted onto the molecular chain of the polysiloxane through the chemical reaction of the borneol ester containing the reactive group and the vinyl polysiloxane under the condition of a platinum catalyst, so that the polysiloxane has an antibacterial function. The fluorine-containing acrylic ester reacts with vinyl polysiloxane and is directly grafted to a molecular chain of the polysiloxane, so that the antifouling performance of the silica gel is more durable, and the polysiloxane is a raw material for preparing the silica gel.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained from the structures shown in these drawings without inventive labor for those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shower head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of D-borneol;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of L-borneol;

FIG. 4 is a schematic chemical structure of isoborneol.

Reference numerals illustrate:

reference numerals	Name of the name	Reference numerals	Name of the name
				1	Decorative ring	4	Push button
2	Water outlet net	5	Shower body
				3	Decorative panel

The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout is meant to include three side-by-side schemes, for example, "a and/or B", including a scheme, or B scheme, or a scheme that is satisfied by both a and B. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

The silica gel is a thermosetting elastomer, has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, no odor, stable chemical property, no reaction with any substances except strong alkali and hydrofluoric acid, high adsorption performance, good thermal stability and stable chemical property, is insoluble in water and any solvent, and is widely applied to food and industrial products. The Si-O main chain in the silica gel is spiral, the rotation is easy, and the polarities are mutually offset due to the symmetry of the molecules, and the whole molecule is nonpolar, so that the organosilicon material has very low surface tension and generates excellent hydrophobicity, thereby playing a role in resisting dirt.

In order to improve the safety of use of silica gel products, there is a scheme of adding an antibacterial agent to silica gel, for example, by using antibacterial ability of metals such as silver, copper, zinc, etc., fixing metals such as silver, copper, zinc, etc. on the surface of porous materials such as zeolite, silica gel, etc. by physical adsorption, ion exchange, etc., to prepare an antibacterial agent, and then adding the antibacterial agent to the corresponding products to obtain materials having antibacterial ability. However, the antibacterial agent has a long lasting effect in a long-term water environment, and particularly when the antibacterial agent is exposed to hot water with the temperature of more than 40 ℃ for a long time, metal cations are easy to ionize, so that the concentration of the surface antibacterial agent is reduced, and the antibacterial effect is lost.

In order to solve the problems, the silica gel comprises, by mass, 40 to 70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1 to 5 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups, 1 to 4 parts of fluorine-containing acrylate and 0.1 to 0.5 part of platinum catalyst.

Polysiloxane is a polymer with repeated Si-O bond as main chain and organic radical connected directly to silicon atom, and the polysiloxane rubber is silicon rubber. Vinyl polysiloxanes, polysiloxanes with vinyl groups to react with reactive groups in the borneol esters to graft the borneol esters to the polysiloxanes.

Borneol: borneol, also called as flake brain, orange flake, moxa flake, borneol, plum blossom borneol, capricorn-Blume, plum blossom brain, borneol brain, plum blossom ice, etc., and has chemical composition of 2-alcohol and chemical formula of C ₁₀ H ₁₈ O. Is prepared from stems and leaves of blumea balsamifera of Compositae or branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora of Lauraceae by steam distillation and recrystallization, and is prepared from turpentine by a series of chemical processes. The synthetic borneol is prepared by using alpha-pinene and dehydrated oxalic acid in turpentine as raw materials, catalyzing and condensing to obtain borneol oxalate, and saponifying with caustic soda, and contains uncontrollable byproducts such as isoborneol, camphor and the like, and is a racemate.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the chemical structures of right-handed borneol, left-handed borneol and isoborneol are respectively shown.

The borneol is a semitransparent plum petal-like, powdery or flaky crystal, white to light grey brown, fragrant in smell, crisp in texture and easy to form a film. It is dissolved in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.

Borneol has a variety of excellent properties: first, it is a natural herb, which is present in a variety of medicinal plants, such as: lavender, chamomile, etc.; secondly, it has various biomedical functions, and borneol can be used for treating closed syndrome unconsciousness, conjunctival congestion and swelling pain, sore throat and aphtha, sore ulcer and swelling pain, unhealed ulcer and the like. The "Ben Cao Jing Shu" describes "wind pathogen not foreign to stroke is contraindicated for patients with deficiency of qi and blood; the infantile vomiting and diarrhea with convulsions is caused by chronic spleen wind, acute convulsions are caused by excessive heat, and chronic convulsions are caused by deficiency-cold and are not caused by excessive cold; it is not suitable for people with dim eyes due to liver and kidney deficiency. ".

The platinum catalyst is an addition type silica gel catalyst.

The borneol ester has an antibacterial effect, and the borneol ester is grafted onto the molecular chain of the polysiloxane through the chemical reaction of the borneol ester containing the reactive group and the vinyl polysiloxane under the condition of a platinum catalyst, so that the polysiloxane has an antibacterial function. The polysiloxane is a raw material for preparing silica gel, and the raw material with an antibacterial function is adopted for preparing the silica gel to prepare a silica gel product with lasting antibacterial performance.

The fluorine-containing acrylic ester has very low surface energy, is a good hydrophobic and oleophobic modification auxiliary agent, and can enable the product to have better antifouling function by grafting the fluorine-containing acrylic ester monomer onto polysiloxane through a crosslinking reaction. It will be appreciated that the double bonds in the fluoroacrylate can react with the double bonds in the vinyl polysiloxane to effect grafting of the fluoroacrylate onto the polysiloxane.

It will be appreciated that the reaction of the fluoroacrylate with the vinyl polysiloxane, and the direct grafting onto the polysiloxane molecular chain, results in a silica gel having a longer lasting antifouling performance, and that the fluoroacrylate in the present embodiment is less likely to migrate from the silica gel than if the reactive components were blended with a hydrophobic oleophobic substance, and that the use of this grafting approach avoids migration of the fluorochemical into the environment, particularly when the silica gel of the present application is used in the preparation of a shower head, and that the shower head is subject to continuous water-flushing, and that the use of the physical blending approach would greatly reduce the risk of migration of the fluorochemical into the environment if the fluorochemical is blended with the silica gel.

The mass portion of the vinyl polysiloxane is 40-70 portions; 1-5 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups; 1-4 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester; the mass portion of the platinum catalyst is 0.1 to 0.5 portion.

In order to ensure that the silica gel prepared by the above formulation has moderate hardness so that the living goods prepared by the silica gel meet the needs of people, for example, the silica gel is used for the preparation of shower heads, the mass part of vinyl polysiloxane is 40-70 parts, and since the borneol ester containing the reactive group and the fluorine-containing acrylate are grafted on the polysiloxane through the crosslinking reaction, the crosslinking degree of the silica gel is increased, which contributes to the improvement of hardness, and thus, the vinyl polysiloxane can be suitably reduced, for example, the minimum mass part of the vinyl polysiloxane is 40 parts.

The antibacterial effect of the silica gel is positively correlated with the mass of the borneol ester containing the reactive group in the silica gel formula, the insufficient usage of the borneol ester containing the reactive group can cause poor antibacterial effect of the silica gel, but excessive borneol ester containing the reactive group can cause waste of raw materials, so that the antibacterial effect is excellent when the mass part of the borneol ester containing the reactive group is 1-5 parts, and meanwhile, the excessive borneol ester is avoided, so that the production cost is increased.

The anti-fouling effect of the silica gel is positively correlated with the mass of the fluorine-containing acrylic ester in the silica gel formula, the insufficient dosage of the fluorine-containing acrylic ester can cause poor anti-fouling effect of the silica gel, but excessive fluorine-containing acrylic ester can cause waste of raw materials, so that when the mass part of the fluorine-containing acrylic ester is 1-4 parts, the anti-fouling effect is excellent, and meanwhile, the excessive fluorine-containing acrylic ester is avoided, and the production cost is increased.

The platinum catalyst is required to be added in the curing and forming process of the silica gel, the curing is incomplete due to the fact that the dosage of the platinum catalyst is too low, the vulcanization speed is too high due to the fact that the dosage of the platinum catalyst is too high, and the product performance is reduced. For this reason, the mass fraction of the platinum catalyst is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.5 part, so that the prepared silica gel product is excellent in performance.

Among the above 40 parts to 70 parts, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts, and the like.

Among the above 1 part to 5 parts, values include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between such minimum value and maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, point values in the examples and 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts, 5 parts, and the like.

Among the above 0.1 parts to 0.5 parts, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 0.1 part, 0.15 part, 0.2 part, 0.25 part, 0.3 part, 0.35 part, 0.4 part, 0.45 part, 0.5 part, and the like.

Among the above 1 part to 4 parts, values include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between such minimum value and maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, and the like.

In one embodiment, the silica gel formulation further includes fumed silica.

The reinforcing agent of the fumed silica, the silica and the silica gel improves the mechanical strength of the silica gel.

In order to adjust the proper hardness and proper mechanical strength of the silica gel, the silica gel also comprises fumed silica.

In one embodiment, the mass portion of the fumed silica is 25-45.

The gas-phase white carbon black is used as a reinforcing filler, the mechanical property of the silica gel is greatly improved by adding the reinforcing filler, but the excessive use of the gas-phase white carbon black can cause serious structuring of the sizing material and poor operability, so that the mass part of the gas-phase white carbon black in the silica gel formula is 25-45 parts.

Among the above 25 parts to 45 parts, values include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between such minimum value and maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 25 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, 35 parts, 37 parts, 39 parts, 40 parts, 42 parts, 43 parts, 45 parts, and the like.

In one embodiment, the formulation of the silica gel further includes a silane coupling agent.

The molecular structural formula of the silane coupling agent is generally Y-R-Si (OR) 3 (Y is an organic functional group and SiOR is silicon alkoxy). The siloxy groups are reactive with inorganic materials and the organic functional groups are reactive or compatible with organic materials. The silane coupling agent is used as a cross-linking agent, and is condensed with OH at the tail end of polysiloxane to form a cross-linked structure, and is formed by hydrolysis, polycondensation and solidification of trace water in air when in use.

When the silane coupling agent is interposed between the inorganic and organic interfaces, a bonding layer of an organic matrix-the silane coupling agent-the inorganic matrix can be formed.

The gas-phase white carbon black is an inorganic filler, and in order to improve the compatibility of the gas-phase white carbon black and vinyl polysiloxane, a silane coupling agent is used as a bridge, one end of the silane coupling agent can be combined with the inorganic filler, and the other end of the silane coupling agent can be combined with the organic rubber, so that the inorganic filler and the organic rubber are effectively combined together. For example, the ethoxy in the silane coupling agent is chemically bonded with the silicon hydroxyl on the surface of the white carbon black, so that the surface of the white carbon black is converted from polarity to non-polarity, and the compatibility and the dispersibility of the white carbon black in silica gel are improved.

In one embodiment, the mass fraction of the silane coupling agent is 1 part to 4 parts.

Too much silane coupling agent may deteriorate the performance of the silica gel, and for this reason, the mass part of the silane coupling agent is 1 to 4 parts. Considering that the formulation of the present application includes a borneol ester having a reactive group reactive with vinyl polysiloxane and a fluorine-containing acrylate, the degree of crosslinking increases, contributing to the improvement of hardness, and thus, the silane coupling agent may be suitably reduced.

In one embodiment, the formulation of the silica gel further comprises a low hydrogen containing polysiloxane.

The low hydrogen polysiloxane can be crosslinked at proper temperature under the action of metal catalyst, so as to improve the overall polymerization degree of the silica gel.

In one embodiment, the low hydrogen polysiloxane is 1 part to 10 parts by mass.

The weight portion of the low hydrogen polysiloxane is 1 to 10 portions, so that transitional crosslinking is avoided, and the performance of the silica gel is influenced. Among the above 1 part to 10 parts, values include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between such minimum value and maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, and the like.

In one embodiment, the formulation of the silica gel further comprises an inhibitor.

The inhibitor has inhibition pertinency to the addition polymerization reaction of vinyl polysiloxane and hydrogen-containing polysiloxane, and the increase of the amount of the inhibitor can slow down the reaction speed of the vinyl polysiloxane and the hydrogen-containing polysiloxane, so that the borneol ester containing the reactive group can be polymerized and connected to the macromolecular chain of the vinyl polysiloxane more fully.

In one embodiment, the inhibitor is 0.05 parts to 0.3 parts by mass.

The higher the inhibitor addition amount is, the water contact angle, the oil contact angle and the like of the inhibitor are characterized by the reduced hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of the material. For this purpose, the mass fraction of the inhibitor is 0.05 to 0.3 parts.

Among the above 0.05 parts to 0.3 parts, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 0.05 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.15 parts, 0.2 parts, 0.25 parts, 0.3 parts, and the like.

In one embodiment, the borneol esters containing reactive groups include at least one of borneol acrylate, 2-borneol methacrylate, 2-ethyl borneol acrylate having unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds.

It is understood that the borneol ester containing the reactive group may be one of the borneol acrylate, 2-methylacrylate and 2-ethylacrylate having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, or may be a mixture of a plurality of the borneol esters, and is not particularly limited.

In one embodiment, the fluoroacrylate includes one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate.

It is understood that the fluorine-containing acrylate includes one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate. Of course, other fluorinated acrylates are also possible, and the present application is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the vinyl polysiloxane has a vinyl mass percent of 0.2% to 1.0% and a viscosity of 5000mpa.s to 12000mpa.s at 25 ℃.

The vinyl is used as an active functional group and can react with the active group in the formula, the mass percent of the vinyl is too high, the crosslinking degree is improved, the hardness of the silica gel is improved, and in order to enable the silica gel to be in proper soft hardness performance, the mass percent of the vinyl polysiloxane is 0.2% -1.0%.

The viscosity of the vinyl silicone will affect the dispersibility during the preparation of the silica gel and will range from 5000mpa.s to 12000mpa.s at 25 c for ease of mixing.

The values in the range of 0.2% -1.0% include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between the minimum value and the maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, point values in the embodiments and 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, and the like.

Among the above 5000mpa.s-12000mpa.s, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 5000mpa.s, 6000mpa.s, 700 mpa.s, 800 mpa.s, 9000mpa.s, 10000mpa.s, 11000mpa.s, 12000mpa.s, and the like.

In one embodiment, the platinum catalyst comprises one or more of a chloroplatinic acid tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane complex, a platinum-alkyne based complex, and an isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid; and/or the mass content of platinum in the platinum catalyst is 1000ppm to 2000ppm.

It is understood that the platinum catalyst includes one or more of chloroplatinic acid tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane complex, platinum-alkyne based complex, and isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid, and is not particularly limited.

The mass content of platinum in the platinum catalyst is 1000ppm-2000ppm.

Among the above 1000ppm to 2000ppm, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, point values in the examples and 1000ppm, 1200ppm, 1400ppm, 1600ppm, 1800ppm, 1900ppm, 2000ppm, etc.

In one embodiment, the silane coupling agent comprises one or more of dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethylcyclosiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane.

It is understood that the silane coupling agent includes one or more of dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethylcyclosiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, and is not particularly limited.

In one embodiment, the fumed silica meets SiO ₂ Content of>99.8％，SiO ₂ The particle size is 5nm to 80nm, and the specific surface area is 120m2/g-300m2/g.

In order to improve the effect of impurities in fumed silica on the performance of the catalyst, for example, the impurities may cause catalyst poisoning and reduce the reaction performance, for which fumed silica meets SiO ₂ Content of>99.8％。

In order to improve the dispersibility of the gas-phase white carbon black and improve the bonding strength of the gas-phase white carbon black in silica gel, siO ₂ The particle size is 5nm to 80nm. The specific surface area of the fumed silica is 120m ² /g-300m ² And/g, improving agglomeration of the fumed silica, so that the mixture is uniform in the process of preparing the silica gel, and the performance of the silica gel is improved.

120m of the above ² /g-300m ² In/g, the values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, specific examples include, but are not limited to, the point values and 120m in the examples ² /g、150m ² /g、180m ² /g、200m ² /g、250m ² /g、280m ² /g、300m ² /g, etc.

In one embodiment, the low hydrogen containing polysiloxane ranges from 0.05% to 1% hydrogen by mass.

The low hydrogen containing polysiloxane can be cross-linked with vinyl polysiloxane, and the hydrogen mass percent of the low hydrogen containing polysiloxane is in the range of 0.05% -1% in order to control the proper degree of cross-linking.

The values in the range of 0.05% -1% include the minimum value and the maximum value of the range, and each value between the minimum value and the maximum value, and specific examples include, but are not limited to, point values in the embodiments and 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, and the like.

In one embodiment, the low hydrogen containing polysiloxane ranges from 0.06% to 1% hydrogen by mass.

Among the above 0.06% -1%, values include the minimum and maximum values of the range, and each value between such minimum and maximum values, specific examples include, but are not limited to, dot values in the examples and 0.06%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, etc.

In one embodiment, the inhibitor comprises at least one of a polyvinyl polysiloxane, an alkynol compound, an amide compound, or a cyano compound.

It is understood that the inhibitor includes at least one of polyvinyl polysiloxane, alkynol compound (such as 2-propyn-1-ol, methylbutynol, ethynyl cyclohexanol, tert-butylcyclohexanol, phenylbutynol, 3, 5-dimethyl-1-hexyne-3-ol), amide compound or cyano compound, and is not particularly limited.

The application provides a preparation method of silica gel, which comprises the following steps: preparing a component A, wherein the component A comprises 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester and 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst according to parts by weight; uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester and 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst to obtain a component A; preparing a component B, wherein the component B comprises 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups according to parts by weight; uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain a component B; uniformly mixing the component A and the component B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture; and injecting the mixture into an injection machine, and pressurizing and curing at the reaction temperature to obtain the silica gel.

The double bond in the borneol ester and the fluorine-containing acrylate containing the reactive group can react with the double bond in the vinyl polysiloxane, so that the borneol ester and the fluorine-containing acrylate containing the reactive group are grafted onto the polysiloxane. The antibacterial and anti-fouling effects of the silica gel are improved.

In one embodiment, the method for preparing the silica gel comprises: preparing a component A, wherein the component A comprises 40-70 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts by weight of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts by weight of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.2-1 part by weight of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts by weight of fluorine-containing acrylic ester; uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester to obtain a component A; preparing a component B, wherein the component B comprises 40-70 parts by weight of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts by weight of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts by weight of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts by weight of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part by weight of inhibitor and 2-10 parts by weight of borneol ester containing reactive groups; uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 2-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain a component B; uniformly mixing the component A and the component B according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture; and injecting the mixture into an injection machine, and pressurizing and curing at the reaction temperature to obtain the silica gel.

In one embodiment, the method for preparing the silica gel comprises: preparing a component A, namely uniformly heating and mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 50% of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester to obtain the component A; preparing a component B, namely uniformly mixing 40-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 2-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 1-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain the component B; the component A and the component B are configured according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the platinum catalyst with the residual formula amount in the component A is added and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; and injecting the mixture into an injection machine, and pressurizing and curing at the reaction temperature to obtain the silica gel.

In order to alleviate the competing reaction of the fluorine-containing acrylate and the borneol ester containing the reactive group in the reaction process with the vinyl polysiloxane and to alleviate the direct reaction of the fluorine-containing acrylate and the borneol ester containing the reactive group, the fluorine-containing acrylate and the borneol ester containing the reactive group are effectively grafted on the polysiloxane, the fluorine-containing acrylate and the vinyl polysiloxane are firstly reacted at a certain temperature in the preparation process of the component A, the fluorine-containing acrylate is firstly grafted on the polysiloxane, and then the component A, B is blended and then heated for reaction, so that the borneol ester containing the reactive group is grafted on the polysiloxane, and the fluorine-containing acrylate and the borneol ester containing the reactive group are effectively grafted on the polysiloxane. Thus, the direct reaction of fluorine-containing acrylic ester and borneol ester containing reactive groups can be effectively reduced, a compound containing the fluorine-containing acrylic ester and the borneol ester can be generated, and the subsequent migration risk of the compound from silica gel into the environment is reduced.

For example, in one embodiment, component A is prepared: the formula of the component A is as follows: 62.5 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 34.5 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.570 part of platinum catalyst and 2.5 parts of trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

Firstly, adding 50% of vinyl polysiloxane, 50% of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 50% of silane coupling agent, 50% of platinum catalyst and 50% of fumed silica into a stirrer, and stirring for 1-5 h at room temperature; heating to 110-170 ℃, stirring for 1-5 h under vacuum condition, stopping vacuum, keeping the temperature at 110-170 ℃, continuously adding the residual formula amount of vinyl polysiloxane for dilution, and stirring uniformly to obtain the component A.

And (3) preparing a component B: the formula of the component B is as follows: 50 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 27.6 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 15 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.4 part of inhibitor and 2 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups.

Firstly, adding 60% of vinyl polysiloxane, 60% of silane coupling agent and 60% of gas-phase white carbon black into a stirrer, and stirring for 1-5 h at room temperature; heating to 110-170 ℃, stirring for 1-5 h under vacuum condition, stopping vacuum, keeping the temperature at 110-170 ℃, and continuously adding the residual formula amount of vinyl polysiloxane for dilution; and adding hydrogen-containing polysiloxane and inhibitor in the amount of the formula, and uniformly stirring the borneol ester containing the reactive group in the amount of the formula to obtain the component B.

The prepared component A and component B are prepared according to the proportion of 1:1 by a quantitative device (feeder), platinum catalyst with the residual formula amount in the component A is added, the components are fully mixed by a mixer, and then pumped into a liquid silica gel injection machine, and silica gel is prepared at the reaction temperature (150 ℃ for example).

The shower outlet net in the market is mainly made of thermoplastic elastomer material TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer). Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), also known as thermoplastic rubbers, are a class of copolymers or physical blends of polymers (typically plastics and rubbers) composed of materials having thermoplastic and elastomeric properties with high strength, high resilience and injection-processible characteristics. For low-softness TPE (the Shore hardness of the shower water outlet net material is about 50A), a large proportion of softening agents (plasticizers such as naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, aromatic oil and ester plasticizers such as DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate), DBP (Dibutyl phthalate) and DOS (Dioctyl sebacate)) need to be filled, so that on one hand, the effects of softening and mixing materials, facilitating processing and reducing cost are achieved; on the other hand, the softness and hardness of the formula are reduced, and the softness is improved.

Because the TPE material uses a large proportion of softeners, the softeners are easy to separate out at high temperature, have influence on human bodies after long-term use, can give out oil and stick hands, adhere to stains, even more easily grow bacteria, and greatly influence the popularization of the TPE material.

In order to solve the problem of hand sticking and dirt sticking of a shower water outlet net, the main current solution method is to periodically clean or replace the water outlet net, and add a certain proportion of antibacterial agent into TPE materials, wherein most of the antibacterial agent is inorganic antibacterial agent, silver, copper, zinc and other metals (or ions thereof) are fixed on the surfaces of zeolite, silica gel and other porous materials to prepare the antibacterial agent by using the antibacterial capability of silver, copper, zinc and other metals through physical adsorption ion exchange and other methods, and then the antibacterial agent is added into corresponding products to obtain the material with antibacterial capability. However, the ionic inorganic antibacterial agent has a long lasting effect in a long-term water environment, and particularly when the inorganic antibacterial agent is exposed to hot water with the temperature of more than 40 ℃ for a long time, metal cations are easy to ionize, so that the concentration of the surface antibacterial agent is reduced, and the antibacterial effect is lost.

Aiming at the defects that the TPE shower water outlet net is easy to separate oil, sticky to hands, not resistant to pollution, easy to grow bacteria and the like in the prior art, the antibacterial silica gel shower water outlet net with high pollution resistance is developed. That is, in order to obtain a shower outlet net excellent in performance, in one embodiment, the shower outlet net is prepared using the above-described silica gel. Meanwhile, fluorine-containing acrylic ester is grafted in the silica gel through reaction, so that the pollution resistance is improved, the fluorine-containing compound is difficult to migrate into the environment, and the pollution of the fluorine-containing compound to the environment is reduced.

The application provides a shower outlet net, and a material formula of the shower outlet net comprises the formula of silica gel. The silica gel adopts all the technical schemes of all the embodiments, so that the silica gel has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiments, and the description is omitted here.

The application provides a gondola water faucet, as shown in fig. 1, the gondola water faucet includes gondola water faucet body 5, locates the button 4 of gondola water faucet body 5, locates decoration panel 3 of gondola water faucet body 5 one end to and locate decoration circle 1 and the play water net 2 of decoration panel 3. The shower head comprises the shower head water outlet net; or the shower head comprises the shower head water outlet net manufactured by the manufacturing method of the shower head water outlet net. The shower outlet net adopts all the technical schemes of all the embodiments, so that the shower outlet net has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical schemes of the embodiments, and the description is omitted.

Examples

Example 1

Preparation of an antibacterial and anti-fouling silica gel shower outlet net:

and (3) preparing a component A:

the formula of the component A is as follows: 62.5 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 34.5 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.5 part of platinum catalyst and 2.5 parts of trifluoroethyl methacrylate.

Firstly, adding 50% of vinyl polysiloxane, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, silane coupling agent, platinum catalyst and gas-phase white carbon black into a stirrer, and stirring for 3 hours at room temperature; heating to 150 ℃, stirring for 3 hours under vacuum condition, stopping vacuum, keeping the temperature at 150 ℃, continuously adding the residual formula amount of vinyl polysiloxane for dilution, and stirring uniformly to obtain the component A.

And (3) preparing a component B:

the formula of the component B is as follows: 50 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 27.6 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 15 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.4 part of inhibitor and 2 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups.

Firstly, adding 60% of vinyl polysiloxane, 60% of silane coupling agent and 60% of gas-phase white carbon black into a stirrer, and stirring for 3h at room temperature; heating to 150 ℃, stirring for 3 hours under vacuum condition, stopping vacuum, keeping the temperature at 150 ℃, and continuously adding the residual formula amount of vinyl polysiloxane for dilution; and adding hydrogen-containing polysiloxane and inhibitor in the amount of the formula, and uniformly stirring the borneol ester containing the reactive group in the amount of the formula to obtain the component B.

The component A and the component B are prepared according to the proportion of 1:1 by a quantifying device (feeder), platinum catalyst with the residual formula amount in the component A is added, the components are fully mixed by a mixer and pumped into a liquid silica gel injection machine, a sprinkler water net is manufactured by processing a sprinkler water net mould on the injection molding machine, the mould temperature is 150 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5min, and the mould pressure maintaining pressure is 60kg/cm ² And obtaining the antibacterial and pollution-resistant silica gel shower outlet net.

Examples 2 to 19 were obtained by changing the amount of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, the amount of borneol ester, the amount of inhibitor and the amount of fumed silica based on example 1.

Shore A hardness test: the test is carried out according to the specification of GB/T531-2008 Shore A hardness test method of vulcanized rubber. The smaller the Shore A hardness is, the better the softness of the sample is.

Water contact angle test: the test was carried out as specified in GB/T30693-2014 measurement of contact angle of Plastic film with Water. The water contact angle analyzer is used for testing the contact angle, and the larger the water contact angle is, the better the hydrophobic property of the sample is.

Oil contact angle test: the test was carried out with n-hexadecane as reagent, as specified in GB/T30693-2014 measurement of contact angle of Plastic film with Water. The contact angle is measured by a water contact angle analyzer and is used as a basis for evaluating the stain resistance of the glass. The greater the oil contact angle, the better the oleophobic properties of the sample.

Anti-fouling performance test: according to GB/T17657-2013 method for testing physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and decorative artificial boards, using pollutants such as nail polish, red liquid medicine and shoe polish to be placed on the surface of a silica gel shower water outlet piece for 24 hours, then adopting an organic solvent for cleaning, observing whether the appearance shape, luster and color of the surface of the silica gel shower water outlet piece are changed or not, and indicating that the worse the change is, the worse the pollution resistance of the material is; on the contrary, the change is slight or no trace, which indicates that the better the stain resistance of the material is.

5 stages: no obvious change exists;

4 stages: a slight change in gloss and/or color;

3 stages: a suitable change in gloss and/or color;

2 stages: a significant change in gloss and/or color;

stage 1: surface deformation and/or bubbling.

Antibacterial performance test:

A. antibacterial properties before aging: measured according to the method of GB/T31402-2015;

B. antibacterial properties after aging (after 10 days of water boiling): the sample was placed in a thermostatic water bath at 55℃for 15 days and then measured according to the method of GB/T31402-2015.

TABLE 1 silica gel shower Material formulation (influence of the amount of borneol esters and trifluoroethyl methacrylate on silica gel Performance)

TABLE 2 stain resistance test of silica gel shower nozzle (influence of the amount of borneol ester and trifluoroethyl methacrylate on the silica gel performance)

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TABLE 3 antibacterial durability of shower gel (influence of the amount of borneol ester and trifluoroethyl methacrylate on the antibacterial property of silica gel)

TABLE 4 silica gel shower Material formulation (influence of the amount of inhibitor in the B component on silica gel Performance)

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TABLE 5 stain resistance test of silica gel shower outlet Water sheet (influence of the amount of inhibitor in component B on silica gel Performance)

TABLE 6 antibacterial durability of shower gel (influence of the amount of inhibitor in component B on the Silicone gel Properties)

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TABLE 7 silica gel shower Material formulation (influence of the amount of fumed silica in the AB component on silica gel Performance)

TABLE 8 pollution resistance test of silica gel shower nozzle (influence of the amount of fumed silica in AB component on silica gel Performance)

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TABLE 9 antibacterial durability of shower nozzle (influence of the amount of fumed silica in AB component on silica gel Performance)

According to the experimental examples, under the condition that the content of other components is unchanged, the Shore A hardness of the borneol methacrylate is continuously improved along with the increase of the addition amount of the borneol methacrylate, and the antibacterial performance of the borneol methacrylate on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is continuously enhanced. In the component B, when the addition amount of the 2-borneol methacrylate is 10 parts, the antibacterial property is improved to 12 parts, and the change range of the antibacterial property is not large. Meanwhile, with the improvement of the inhibitor 2-propyne-1-ol, the Shore A hardness and the antibacterial performance of the material are continuously improved, because the inhibitor 2-propyne-1-ol has inhibition pertinence to the addition polymerization reaction of vinyl polysiloxane and hydrogen-containing polysiloxane, the improvement of the amount of the inhibitor can slow down the reaction speed of the vinyl polysiloxane and the hydrogen-containing polysiloxane, and thereby, the borneol ester containing the reactive group can be polymerized and connected to the vinyl polysiloxane macromolecular chain more fully. However, the higher the inhibitor addition amount, the water contact angle, the oil contact angle and the like of the material are characterized by the reduced hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. In the aspect of stain resistance, compared with the example 10, the example 4 adds 2.5 parts of trifluoroethyl methacrylate to carry out addition reaction with vinyl polysiloxane in a formula system, the water contact angle of the product after the reaction is improved by 2.88 degrees, the oil contact angle is improved by 17.60 degrees, and the stain resistance of nail polish, red liquid medicine and shoe polish is improved from 3 grade to 5 grade, so that the stain resistance is obviously improved.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as utilizing equivalent structural changes made in the description of the invention and the accompanying drawings, or as directly/indirectly employed in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of silica gel is characterized in that a component A is prepared, and the component A comprises, by mass, 62.5-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 0.2-1 part of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester;

uniformly mixing 62.5-70 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 30-50 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 50% of platinum catalyst and 2-8 parts of fluorine-containing acrylic ester to obtain a component A; the silane coupling agent is one or more of dimethyl diethoxy silane and dimethyl dimethoxy silane;

preparing a component B, wherein the component B comprises, by mass, 50 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 15-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 5-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups; the borneol ester containing the reactive group is acrylic acid borneol ester with unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond; the silane coupling agent is one or more of dimethyl diethoxy silane and dimethyl dimethoxy silane;

Uniformly mixing 50 parts of vinyl polysiloxane, 1-4 parts of silane coupling agent, 20-40 parts of gas-phase white carbon black, 15-20 parts of low-hydrogen polysiloxane, 0.1-0.6 part of inhibitor and 5-10 parts of borneol ester containing reactive groups to obtain a component B;

2. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen mass percentage of the low hydrogen-containing polysiloxane ranges from 0.05% to 1%.

3. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the inhibitor is 0.1 to 0.3 parts, and the inhibitor is at least one of polyvinyl polysiloxane, alkynol compound, amide compound or cyano compound.

4. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the borneol ester containing the reactive group is at least one of 2-methylacrylate and 2-ethylacrylate.

5. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing acrylate is one or more of trifluoroethyl methacrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate.

6. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the vinyl polysiloxane comprises 0.2 to 1.0% by mass of vinyl groups and has a viscosity of 5000mpa.s to 12000mpa.s at 25 ℃.

7. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the platinum catalyst comprises one or more of a chloroplatinic acid tetramethyl divinyl disiloxane complex, a platinum-alkyne based complex, and an isopropanol solution of chloroplatinic acid; the mass content of platinum in the platinum catalyst is 1000ppm-2000ppm.

8. The method for preparing silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the fumed silica satisfies SiO ₂ Content of>99.8%，SiO ₂ The particle diameter is 5nm to 80nm, and the specific surface area is 120m ² /g-300m ² /g。

9. A silica gel prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A shower outlet net, wherein the shower outlet net comprises the silica gel as set forth in claim 9.

11. A shower head comprising the shower outlet net of claim 10.