CN116462532A - Ceramic matrix composite material with bionic multi-stage structure and laser preparation method - Google Patents
Ceramic matrix composite material with bionic multi-stage structure and laser preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/0036—Laser treatment
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a ceramic matrix composite with a bionic multi-level structure and a laser preparation method, comprising a ceramic matrix composite body, wherein the surface of the ceramic matrix composite is provided with the bionic multi-level structure, the bionic multi-level structure comprises a first-level structure, and a second-level structure is arranged on the first-level structure; the first-stage structure is used for improving the contact area of the ceramic matrix composite body, improving the mechanical distribution of an interface and obviously improving the bonding strength of the environmental barrier coating prepared on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body; the second-stage mechanism is used for improving the wettability and the binding force of the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body, and further can realize the interface reinforcement of the protective coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature engines, and particularly relates to a ceramic matrix composite with a bionic multi-stage structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aero-engines and gas turbines are important research objects for development of aviation fields of various countries, and high thrust-weight ratio, high efficiency and low energy consumption are future development trends. The front inlet temperature of a turbine of the future aeroengine is higher than 1700 ℃, the service temperature of the traditional high-temperature alloy material is 1150 ℃, and Ni 3 The high-temperature limit temperature of the Al single crystal is 1200 ℃, and in order to meet the development requirement of an advanced aeroengine, a novel high-temperature structural material capable of replacing nickel-based alloy and stably using at a higher temperature is required to be searched. The ceramic matrix composite (Ceramic Matr ix Compos ite, CMC) has the advantages of low density, high hardness, high temperature resistance, high specific strength and the like, and is the preferred material for the hot end parts of future aeroengines. In a high-temperature drying environment, compact SiO can be generated on the surface of the silicon-based oxide ceramic material 2 The protective layer prevents further oxidation, but in the high flow rate steam combustion environment of the engine, the ceramic matrix composite is corroded by severe water oxygen and the stability is drastically reduced, so that the ceramic matrix composite for the hot end part of the aeroengine must be coated with an environmental barrier coating (Envi ronmenta l Barr ier Coat ings, EBCs) on the surface thereof to avoid corrosion caused by the steam and external sediments.
The environment barrier coating is a multi-layer material system, and the coating interface is the most complex and weakest position in the material system, so the strength of the coating interface is the most critical factor for determining the service life of the coating interface, and two methods are adopted at present at home for preparing the environment barrier coating on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material, wherein the first method is as follows: the preparation of the environmental barrier coating still uses the traditional sand blasting process to improve the bonding strength of the coating; the second method is to process a specific structure on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material, increase the bonding area of the coating and the matrix, and finally realize the interface reinforcement of the protective coating; the environment barrier coating is prepared by adopting the sand blasting to treat the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material, the sand blasting can cause the problems of fiber fracture, coating falling, uncontrollable interface and the like of the ceramic matrix composite material, and meanwhile, the spraying powder is not stuck on the surface of the local surface of the matrix after sand blasting due to the poor wettability, so that the mechanical property and interface bonding strength of the ceramic matrix composite material are low, and the application of CMC parts is severely restricted; at present, the surface of the ceramic matrix composite is treated by laser at home, the processed structure is a primary structure, the bonding strength of the surface coating of the ceramic matrix composite is improved only limited, and the use requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a ceramic matrix composite with a bionic multi-stage structure and a preparation method thereof, which solve the defect that the bonding strength of an interface between an environment barrier coating prepared on the surface of the existing ceramic matrix composite and the ceramic matrix composite is low.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a ceramic matrix composite with a bionic multi-stage structure, which comprises a ceramic matrix composite body, wherein the surface of the ceramic matrix composite is provided with the bionic multi-stage structure, the bionic multi-stage structure comprises a first-stage structure, and the first-stage structure is provided with a second-stage structure.
Preferably, the first stage structure comprises an array of micro-grooves comprising a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel, the plurality of grooves forming a wave-like structure.
Preferably, the second stage structure comprises a plurality of sets of chute, the plurality of sets of chute being arranged side by side on the first stage structure.
Preferably, each set of chute includes two oblique blind slots with a dovetail structure formed therebetween.
Preferably, the surface of the bionic multilevel structure is deposited with an environmental barrier coating.
A laser preparation method of a ceramic matrix composite material with a bionic multi-stage structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, preprocessing a ceramic matrix composite body;
and 2, sequentially processing a first-stage structure and a second-stage structure on the pretreated ceramic matrix composite body by using femtosecond laser processing equipment to obtain the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure on the surface.
Preferably, the first stage structure comprises an array of micro-grooves comprising a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel, the plurality of grooves forming a wave-like structure.
Preferably, the second stage structure comprises a plurality of sets of chute, the plurality of sets of chute being arranged side by side on the first stage structure.
Preferably, the ceramic matrix composite material with the surface having the bionic multilevel structure is deposited with an environmental barrier coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure, the first-stage structure and the second-stage structure are arranged on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body, the first-stage structure is used for improving the contact area of the ceramic matrix composite body, improving the mechanical distribution of an interface and remarkably improving the bonding strength of an environmental barrier coating prepared on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body; the second-stage mechanism is used for improving the wettability and the binding force of the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body, and further can realize the interface reinforcement of the protective coating.
Furthermore, the micro-groove structure arranged side by side can improve the specific surface area of the matrix, improve the mechanical distribution of the interface and remarkably improve the bonding strength of the environmental barrier coating prepared on the surface of the matrix.
Furthermore, the dovetail structure between the two inclined grooves is beneficial to liquid deposition and spreading in the coating preparation process, so that the wettability of the surface of the substrate is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical anchoring of the coating and the substrate can be further improved, namely, the bonding strength of the surface coating and the substrate is further improved, the peeling of the coating caused by insufficient interfacial bonding force of the substrate-coating system in a high-temperature environment can be avoided, the high-temperature performance experiment progress of the coating system is further ensured, and the high-temperature bearing capacity of the whole substrate-coating system is ensured.
Furthermore, the environmental barrier coating prepared on the multi-stage structure of the ceramic matrix composite body surface has high bonding strength, the environmental barrier coating prepared on the matrix surface with the multi-stage structure can improve the overall performance of the protective coating, the environmental barrier coating is used as the ceramic matrix composite surface structure, and the prepared environmental barrier coating can effectively avoid the problem of layering, peeling and invalidation of the coating.
According to the laser preparation method of the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure, disclosed by the invention, the multi-stage structure is subjected to shape control and control processing by using the femtosecond laser, so that the problems of fiber damage, uneven surface and the like of the ceramic matrix composite by traditional sand blasting can be effectively avoided; meanwhile, the ceramic matrix composite surface multilevel structure design preparation method is simple, the actual application effect is good, the conditions are controllable, and the ceramic matrix composite can be industrially prepared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-stage structure of a ceramic matrix composite surface;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view B-B;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the contact angle measurement results of a contact angle measurement instrument on an untreated ceramic matrix composite;
fig. 5 shows the contact angle test result of the contact angle measuring instrument on the ceramic matrix composite material with the bionic multi-stage structure.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system configurations, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when..once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]".
In addition, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure provided by the invention comprises a ceramic matrix composite body, wherein a first-stage structure is arranged on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite, and a second-stage structure is arranged on the first-stage structure.
The first-stage structure comprises an array micro-groove, wherein the array micro-groove comprises a plurality of grooves which are arranged in parallel, and the grooves form a wave-shaped structure.
The depth D of the micro groove is 145 mu m; the distance L between the two micro grooves is 100-500 mu m; preferably, the spacing L between two micro-grooves is 200 μm.
The second stage structure includes a plurality of sets of chute, the plurality of sets of chute being arranged side-by-side on the first stage structure.
Each group of chute comprises two oblique blind grooves, and a dovetail structure is formed between the two oblique blind grooves.
The bottom of each inclined blind groove is of an arc structure and is used for avoiding stress concentration.
The inclination angle between the axis of each inclined blind groove and the horizontal line is theta, and theta is 60-85 degrees, preferably, theta is 80 degrees.
The depth d of each oblique blind groove is 30 μm to 150 μm, preferably d is 140 μm.
The width h of the dovetail structure is 150 μm to 500 μm, preferably h is 300 μm.
The distance l between two adjacent dovetail structures is 300 μm to 900 μm, preferably l is 500 μm.
The invention provides a laser preparation method of a ceramic matrix composite material with a bionic multi-stage structure, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, ultrasonically cleaning a ceramic matrix composite material by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone and drying the surface, wherein the ceramic matrix composite material is SiC f A ceramic matrix composite or a SiC ceramic matrix composite;
step 2, sequentially processing a first-stage structure and a second-stage structure on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite by using femtosecond laser processing equipment; the surface of the ceramic matrix composite is processed into a first-stage structure and a second-stage structure, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
firstly, fixing a sample on a workbench of a femtosecond laser processing device, focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the surface of the sample, and processing a first-stage structure, wherein specific parameters are as follows: the femtosecond laser wavelength is 1030nm, the output pulse width is 240fs, the single pulse energy is 100-200 mu J, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz-50 kHz, the scanning speed is 1 mm/s-50 mm/s, and the scanning times are 1-50 times;
secondly, rotating a sample fixed on laser processing equipment by 90 degrees, focusing a femtosecond laser beam on the surface of the sample again, and processing a second-stage structure on the basis of the first-stage structure, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the femtosecond laser wavelength is 1030nm, the output pulse width is 240fs, the single pulse energy is 100-200 mu J, the repetition frequency is 1 kHz-50 kHz, the scanning speed is 1 mm/s-100 mm/s, and the scanning times are 1-100 times;
in the present embodiment, the laser used in the femtosecond laser processing equipment has an average power of 20WYb, KGW laser.
Step 3, preparing Si/Yb on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite processed with the multilevel structure by adopting a plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition system 2 Si 2 O 7 Two-layer system environmental barrier coating, si/Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 The two-layer system environment barrier coating comprises a bonding layer and Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 The ceramic surface layer is prepared by the following steps:
preparing a bonding layer, wherein the selected material is silicon powder, the purity of the selected silicon powder is 99.9%, and the particle size of the powder is 35-67 mu m:
firstly, preheating a ceramic matrix composite material processed with a multi-stage structure, wherein the preheating temperature is 400-600 ℃, and preferably, the preheating temperature is 500 ℃;
secondly, preparing a bonding layer on the surface of the preheated ceramic matrix composite material processed with the multilevel structure by adopting a plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition method, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the spraying distance is 300-650 mm, the power of the spray gun is 50-65 kW, the argon flow is 60-90 NPLM, the hydrogen flow is 3-8 NPLM, the powder feeding amount is 10-50 g/min, the spraying variable is 10-50 times, and the coating thickness is 50-75 mu m.
Preparation of Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 Ceramic surface layer, selected Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 The particle size of the spray powder is 15-50 mu m, specifically:
preheating the ceramic matrix composite material with the bonding layer, wherein the preheating temperature is 400 ℃;
preparation of Yb on bonding layer by plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition method 2 Si 2 O 7 The specific parameters of the ceramic surface layer are as follows: the spraying distance is 600-950 mm, the power of the spray gun is 50-65 kW, and the flow rate of argon is high60-90 NPLM, helium flow 10-25 NPLM, powder feeding amount 5-200 g/min, spraying variable 10-50 times, and coating thickness 50-150 μm.
And 4, carrying out heat treatment on the sprayed sample in a box-type muffle furnace at the temperature of 1300 ℃ for 3-20 hours to obtain the ceramic matrix composite material with the environment barrier coating.
FIG. 4 shows the contact angle test result of the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material which is not processed with the multi-stage structure, and the contact angle is larger; FIG. 5 shows the surface contact angle test result of the ceramic matrix composite material after processing the multi-stage structure, and the contact angle is obviously reduced; the multilevel structure can greatly improve the wetting characteristic of the surface of the matrix; meanwhile, an environment barrier coating is prepared on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material matrix with the multilevel structure, and the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is tested, so that the average bonding strength of the obtained coating is 25Mpa, and the bonding strength is improved by more than 50% compared with a sample with an unprocessed multilevel structure.
The invention relates to a two-stage structure, wherein a first-stage structure is used for improving the contact area between a protective coating and a ceramic matrix composite; the second-stage mechanism is used for improving the surface wettability of the ceramic matrix composite material, the second-stage structure is a micro-inclined groove with an angle, and the micro-inclined groove can promote liquid drops to flow on the surface under the action of capillary force so as to increase the surface wettability of the material; the primary structure and the secondary structure are mutually staggered, and the combination of the primary structure and the secondary structure can better promote the flowing and spreading of liquid drops, so that the wettability is greatly increased.
The bionic multilevel structure on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material can realize the deposition rate of spray powder in the preparation process of the environmental barrier coating, has the effect of improving the bonding strength of the environmental barrier coating and a matrix, and can ensure the service life of the environmental barrier coating in the service process. The femtosecond laser is utilized to control the shape and control the processing of the multilevel structure, so that the problems of fiber damage, uneven surface and the like of the ceramic matrix composite material caused by traditional sand blasting can be effectively avoided. The design of the bionic multilevel structure on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material and the laser manufacturing conditions are controllable, and the method can be applied to the industrialized preparation of the protective coating on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and are not limiting; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure is characterized by comprising a ceramic matrix composite body, wherein the bionic multi-stage structure is arranged on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite body and comprises a first-stage structure, and a second-stage structure is arranged on the first-stage structure.
2. The ceramic matrix composite of claim 1, wherein the first stage structure comprises an array of micro-grooves comprising a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel, the plurality of grooves forming a wave-like structure.
3. The ceramic matrix composite of claim 1, wherein the second stage structure comprises a plurality of sets of chute disposed side-by-side on the first stage structure.
4. A ceramic matrix composite having a biomimetic multi-stage structure according to claim 3, wherein each set of inclined slots comprises two inclined blind slots, a dovetail structure being formed between the two inclined blind slots.
5. The ceramic matrix composite having a biomimetic multi-stage structure of claim 1, wherein the surface of the biomimetic multi-stage structure is deposited with an environmental barrier coating.
6. The laser preparation method of the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preprocessing a ceramic matrix composite body;
and 2, sequentially processing a first-stage structure and a second-stage structure on the pretreated ceramic matrix composite body by using femtosecond laser processing equipment to obtain the ceramic matrix composite with the bionic multi-stage structure on the surface.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first-stage structure comprises an array of micro-grooves, the array of micro-grooves comprises a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel, and the plurality of grooves form a wave-shaped structure.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the second stage structure comprises a plurality of sets of chute, the plurality of sets of chute being arranged side-by-side on the first stage structure.
9. The method for preparing a ceramic matrix composite material with a bionic multi-stage structure according to claim 6, wherein an environmental barrier coating is deposited on the ceramic matrix composite material with the bionic multi-stage structure on the surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310238236.8A CN116462532B (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Ceramic matrix composite material with bionic multi-stage structure and laser preparation method |
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| CN114635116A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-17 | 山东科技大学 | Corrosion-resistant antifriction anti-icing coating with multi-stage structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106773545A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-31 | 吉林大学 | Method and the application of the multilevel hierarchy of compounding period are prepared using varied angle exposure |
| CN107522475A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-29 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of imitative shell ceramic matric composite and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112126889A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Method for optimizing thermal barrier coating stability by constructing bionic structure through 3D printing |
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