CN116457491A - 使用具有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法 - Google Patents

使用具有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法 Download PDF

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CN116457491A
CN116457491A CN202180077113.XA CN202180077113A CN116457491A CN 116457491 A CN116457491 A CN 116457491A CN 202180077113 A CN202180077113 A CN 202180077113A CN 116457491 A CN116457491 A CN 116457491A
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intermetallic compound
steel sheet
alloy layer
compound alloy
based intermetallic
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严祥镐
吴振根
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Abstract

本发明的一个实施方案提供了利用具有Al‑Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:提供具有基础钢板和形成在基础钢板的一个表面或两个表面上的基于铝的镀层的镀覆钢板备用;对镀覆钢板进行热处理使得基于铝的镀覆层变为Al‑Fe基金属间化合物合金层;以及使经热处理的镀覆钢板经受对接焊接,其中,在焊接之前,将位于待焊接区域的Al‑Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分或全部去除。

Description

使用具有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼 焊坯件的方法
技术领域
本公开内容涉及使用热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,所述钢板其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层。
背景技术
为了确保在车辆碰撞情况下的碰撞安全性例如防侵入,通过具有马氏体或贝氏体-马氏体显微组织,使用通过具有马氏体或贝氏体-马氏体显微组织而具有高机械强度的钢材料对于保险杠、车门加强件、B柱加强件、车顶加强件等是需要的。
专利文献1公开了涂覆有铝或铝合金的热轧或冷轧钢板。将涂覆铝或铝合金的钢板在Ac1温度或更高温度下热处理,并在特定条件下冷却,以便对于具有所需形状的部件在成型时具有超过1500MPa的抗拉强度。在这种情况下,涂层在炉中热处理期间通过钢与铝之间的相互扩散形成表面合金层以防止金属脱碳和氧化,并且使得可以在制造最终部件时省略诸如喷砂加工的操作。
同时,在使用涂覆有铝或铝合金的钢板制造部件的热处理中,如果热处理不是在适当指定的加热条件下进行,例如当施加快速加热时,由于涂覆在其表面上的铝的熔化,在输送设备等中可能出现诸如污染和滞塞的问题。
为了解决该问题,已经提出了一种可以快速加热的热轧或冷轧钢板的技术,其虽然最终部件的性能与常规部件的类似,但是具有其中表面镀覆层仅由金属间化合物合金层组成的铝镀覆层。由此,当制造部件时可以快速加热,从而提高制造生产率并降低成本。
同时,为了减轻汽车的重量,已经开发了使具有不同合金组成或不同厚度的钢材料经受对接焊接的部件例如坯件。如此焊接的部件被称为“拼焊坯件”或“拼焊坯件”。作为用于制造这样的部件的优选方法,已经使用了激光束焊接,其就工艺灵活性、品质和生产率而言是有利的。所制造的坯件在冷压之后可以提供具有在部件本身内变化的机械强度、压制能力和减震作用的部件。因此,可以向合适的部分提供所需的特性而不产生高的成本。
以上描述的仅由铝-铁金属间化合物合金层构成的涂覆铝的钢板也作为这样的拼焊坯件制造,热压和加热淬火,使得其可以作为具有不同厚度的单个部件提供,理想地满足局部负载要求和独特的机械特性。
然而,当对具有仅由铝-铁金属间化合物合金层构成的涂覆层的钢板进行激光焊接时,涂覆层被混入到在焊接期间形成的熔化区域中,特别地,促进铁素体形成的Al组分根据液体金属的对流而被浓缩,以及在凝固期间具有最高浓度的液体组分在枝晶之间偏析。因此,当出于对焊接坯件进行淬火的目的而进行奥氏体处理(加热)时,富Al区域然后在冷却期间被转变为铁素体。也就是说,通过激光焊接形成的焊缝金属部分(熔化部分)具有期望的高的硬度和强度的马氏体和不期望的软的铁素体的混合配置。因此,当在最终部件的使用期间施加外力例如碰撞情况时,发生焊缝区的断裂,使得部件的预期功能丧失。
因此,需要能够防止铁素体形成的技术,铁素体是焊接部件中的断裂源。
[现有技术文献]
(专利文献1)EP 0971044
发明内容
技术问题
本公开内容的一个方面是提供利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法。
技术方案
根据本公开内容的一个实施方案,提供了利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:提供具有基础钢板和形成在基础钢板的一个表面或两个表面上的基于铝的镀覆层的镀覆钢板备用;对镀覆钢板进行热处理使得基于铝的镀覆层变为Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层;以及使经热处理的镀覆钢板经受对接焊接,其中,在焊接之前,将位于待焊接区域的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分或全部去除。
有益效果
如上所述,根据本公开内容的一个方面,可以提供使用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法。
附图说明
图1是示出形成在基础钢板上的基于铝的镀覆层通过热处理变为Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的示意图。
图2是示出形成在基础钢板上的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分被去除的示意图。
图3是示出去除了Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分的基础钢板在对接焊接之后的示意图。
图4是用光学显微镜观察到的根据本公开内容的一个实施方案制造的具有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的镀覆钢板的显微组织的照片。
最佳实施方式
在下文中,将描述根据本公开内容的一个实施方案的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法。
首先,提供具有基础钢板和形成在基础钢板的一个表面或两个表面上的基于铝的镀覆层的镀覆钢板备用。镀覆钢板可以通过将基础钢板浸在基于铝的镀覆浴中的方法获得。在本公开内容中,基础钢板的类型没有特别限制,并且可以使用本领域使用的所有类型的钢板。然而,优选地,可以使用在热成型之后具有1500MPa或更大的高强度的钢板。此外,在本公开内容中,基于铝的镀覆层的组成没有特别限制,并且可以使用本领域使用的所有类型的基于铝的镀覆层。同时,当将基础钢板浸入基于铝的镀覆浴中时,几μm的金属间化合物通过非常快速的反应在基础钢板的表面上结晶。然而,由于这些金属间化合物是相对脆性的,因此基于铝的镀覆浴还可以包含Si作为抑制剂以抑制金属间化合物的生长。也就是说,基于铝的镀覆层还可以包含Si,并且在这种情况下,Si的含量可以为8重量%至12重量%。
之后,对镀覆钢板进行热处理使得基于铝的镀覆层变为Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层。图1是示出形成在基础钢板上的基于铝的镀覆层通过热处理变为Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的示意图。如图1所示,当Fe通过热处理从基础钢板扩散时,形成在基础钢板10上的基于铝的镀覆层20变成Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层30。同时,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层有时可以包括第一层和第二层,其中第一层可以包含FeAl和Fe3Al中的至少一者,第二层可以包含Fe2Al5。第二层可以以层或岛的形式存在。此外,当基于铝的镀覆层中包含Si以及Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层也包含Si时,第二层还可以包含Al2Fe3Si3。第一层和第二层的组成不同的原因是由于从基础钢板扩散的Fe的量的差异。也就是说,更接近基础钢板的第一层比第二层具有更高的Fe含量,原因是Fe扩散在第一层中比离基础钢板相对远的第二层中更容易发生。第一层和第二层的厚度或组成可以根据热处理温度和时间变化,但是本公开内容不特别限于具体的条件。然而,热处理期间的温度优选低于Ac1,但是当热处理期间的温度高于Ac1时,由于钢板的显微组织变化,可能在以卷材状态下的加工中出现问题。同时,与仅通过镀覆而没有进行热处理形成的基于铝的镀覆层相比,通过热处理形成的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层具有在作为后处理的热成型期间能够快速加热的优点。此外,由于在本公开内容中通过热处理形成Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层,镀覆层的总厚度增加,因此基于铝的镀覆层的厚度可以减少。也就是说,可以减少镀覆Al的量,并因此可以改善诸如焊接缺陷等的问题,原因是与现有的Al-Si镀覆层相比,铝含量少。此外,现有的Al-Si镀覆层的金属间化合物合金层为FeAl3,FeAl3的熔点为1160℃,而本公开内容的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的第一层为FeAl和Fe3Al中的一者并且具有1310℃的更高的熔点,使得具有焊接期间热影响区的耐蚀性更优异的优点。
图2是示出形成在基础钢板上的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的区域的一部分被去除的示意图,图3是在对去除了Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的区域的一部分的基础钢板进行对接焊接之后的示意图。如图2和图3所示,在本公开内容中,在焊接之前,去除位于待焊接区域的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层30的一部分或全部。由此,防止Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层中包含的Al在焊接期间被混入熔化区域中,使得最终产品的显微组织不包含铁素体,因此可以确保高强度。Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层优选被完全去除,但是即使Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层通过部分去除而剩余,也不会显著影响确保最终产品的物理特性。然而,在Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层被部分去除之后,剩余的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的厚度优选为10μm或更小。如果其厚度超过10μm,则由于大量的Al组分在焊接期间被混入焊缝金属区中,热成型和淬火后的最终部件的焊缝区的机械特性可能劣化。在本公开内容中,去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的方法没有特别限制,例如,可以使用诸如涂刷、研磨、研磨、激光照射、化学溶液浸渍等的方法。Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的去除可以通过在焊接过程之前的预备操作进行,或者可以在进行焊接过程时紧接在焊接之前进行。同时,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的待去除的宽度W可以为Wb/2至Wb(mm)。在此,Wb意指在焊接之后获得的拼焊坯件的焊缝金属区40的平均宽度。当Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的待去除的宽度小于Wb/2时,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的Al组分可以被混入焊缝金属区中,而当其宽度大于Wb时,由于Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的过度去除,可能无法充分地保证耐蚀性。此外,当焊接具有不同厚度的钢板时,钢板的熔化区域可能彼此不同,因此,从钢板去除的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的宽度也可能彼此不同。
之后,可以通过对经热处理的镀覆钢板进行对接焊接来制造拼焊坯件。在本公开内容中,焊接方法没有特别限制,并且可以使用任何方法,只要其可以满足生产率和品质条件即可。例如,可以使用激光束焊接、GTAW、等离子体焊接、GMAW等。根据本公开内容,当存在于待焊接区域的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层在焊接期间被提前去除时,由于Al组分没有混入熔化部分中,因此具有通过作为后处理的热成型(奥氏体化热处理,成型/淬火)获得的最终产品的焊接金属部分的物理特性优异的优点。
同时,在对接焊接之后,可以对获得的拼焊坯件另外进行热压成型过程,从而使获得的最终产品可以优选被应用于汽车部件等。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将通过实施例更详细地描述本发明。然而,以下实施例仅是用于更详细地说明本发明的实施例,并不限制本发明的范围。
(实施例)
通过向广泛用作车体的碰撞构件的22MnB5钢(抗拉强度为1500MPa的硼钢)施加10% Si-Al镀覆层获得冷轧镀覆钢板。将冷轧镀覆钢板在500℃下热处理以形成如图4所示的包含FeAl、Fe3Al、Fe2Al5和Al2Fe3Si3的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层。在这种情况下,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的厚度基于一侧为约40μm。之后,将冷轧镀覆钢板切割成尺寸为500mm×120mm的矩形坯件,然后通过以下描述的各种方法去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分,以及使用激光束焊接进行对接焊接以制造拼焊坯件。之后,将拼焊坯件加热到920℃,保持4分钟,并进行热成型和淬火。在对如上所述制造的拼焊坯件的焊缝区的抗拉强度、伸长率和断裂率进行测量之后,将其结果示于以下表1中。同时,所制造的拼焊坯件在与基础钢板相对应的区域中的平均抗拉强度为1470MPa。
抗拉强度和伸长率是通过取焊缝区的一个区域来测量的,根据KS标准制造5个拉伸试验样品,对于每个样品,然后通过拉伸试验进行测量并且表示为平均值。在这种情况下,拉伸试验的速度为10mm/分钟。
焊缝区的断裂率表示为在拉伸试验期间与拉伸样品的数量相比断裂样品的百分比。
在发明例1中,使用Q开关脉冲激光去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的存在于待焊接区域的两个表面二者,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的去除宽度为1mm。此后,使用激光束焊接进行对接焊接。
在发明例2中,使用Q开关脉冲激光去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的存在于待焊接区域的两个表面的一部分,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的去除宽度为1mm,并且其剩余厚度为5μm。之后,使用激光束焊接进行对接焊接。
在发明例3中,使用研磨设备去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的存在于待焊接区域的两个表面二者,Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的去除宽度为1mm。之后,使用激光束焊接进行对接焊接。
在比较例1中,在不去除Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的情况下使用激光束焊接进行对接焊接。
在激光束焊接期间,使用在焦距处具有约0.4mm的光束直径的CO2激光焊接机,每分钟使用20升的He气作为保护气体,激光功率被设置为6kW,焊接速度被设置为6mpm。
[表1]
从表1可以看出,在为满足本公开内容的条件而制造的发明例1至3的情况下,示出了具有与基础钢板相似水平的强度和高伸长率。另一方面,在不满足本公开内容的条件的比较例1的情况下,可以看出强度和伸长率二者均较差。
[附图标记说明]
10、10':基础钢板
20:基于铝的镀覆层
30、30':Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层
40:焊缝金属区

Claims (8)

1.一种利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
提供具有基础钢板和形成在所述基础钢板的一个表面或两个表面上的基于铝的镀覆层的镀覆钢板备用;
对所述镀覆钢板进行热处理使得所述基于铝的镀覆层变为Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层;以及
使经热处理的镀覆钢板经受对接焊接,
其中,在所述焊接之前,将位于待焊接区域的所述Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分或全部去除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中所述基于铝的镀覆层还包含Si。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中所述Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层包括第一层和第二层,
所述第一层包含FeAl和Fe3Al中的至少一者,
所述第二层包含Fe2Al5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中所述Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层包括第一层和第二层,
所述第一层包含FeAl和Fe3Al中的至少一者,
所述第二层包含Fe2Al5和Al2Fe3Si3中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中在所述热处理期间的温度低于Ac1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中在去除所述Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的一部分之后,剩余的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的厚度为10μm或更小。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中被去除的Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的宽度为Wb/2至Wb(mm),
其中,Wb是指在焊接之后获得的所述拼焊坯件的焊缝金属区的平均宽度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的利用其上形成有Al-Fe基金属间化合物合金层的热压用钢板制造拼焊坯件的方法,其中,在所述对接焊接之后,另外进行热压成型过程。
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