CN116454149A - Building photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Building photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN116454149A CN116454149A CN202211090615.9A CN202211090615A CN116454149A CN 116454149 A CN116454149 A CN 116454149A CN 202211090615 A CN202211090615 A CN 202211090615A CN 116454149 A CN116454149 A CN 116454149A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 292
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005344 low-emissivity glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a building photovoltaic module comprising: the photovoltaic module comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer. Wherein the first glass layer is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is positioned on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. A hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low emissivity layer is positioned between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is etched to form a plurality of light-transmitting areas. The plurality of light-transmitting regions are arranged to have a periodic shape and the size of the plurality of light-transmitting regions is millimeter or less. The photovoltaic chip layer is positioned between the second glass layer and the hollow layer or between the hollow layer and the third glass layer so as to reduce the Moire phenomenon of the building photovoltaic module.
Description
The application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application (202210539393.8), the application date of the original application is (2022, 5 months and 18 days), and the name of the application is building photovoltaic module.
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of photovoltaic industry, in particular, to a building photovoltaic module.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation systems (photovoltaic for short) utilize the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Along with the development of the photovoltaic power generation technology, the photovoltaic power generation technology and curtain wall technology adopted in a building are combined together to form a photovoltaic curtain wall. The photovoltaic curtain wall may be composed of a plurality of building photovoltaic modules. In building photovoltaic modules, solar cells (photovoltaic chips) are embedded with special resins between two sheets of glass of the building photovoltaic module. Thus, when sunlight irradiates the building photovoltaic module of the building, the photovoltaic chip can convert solar energy into electric energy for electric appliances in the building.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments described herein provide a building photovoltaic module.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a building photovoltaic module is provided. The building photovoltaic module includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer. Wherein the first glass layer is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is positioned on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. A hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low emissivity layer is positioned between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is located inside the low emissivity layer and outside the third glass layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the low emissivity layer and the second glass layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a transparent insulating layer is disposed between the photovoltaic chip layer and the low-emissivity layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the second glass layer and the hollow layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the hollow layer and the third glass layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the architectural photovoltaic module further comprises at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. Wherein the at least one antireflective coating is located at least one of the following positions: an outer surface of the second glass layer, an inner surface of the second glass layer, an outer surface of the third glass layer, and an inner surface of the third glass layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single antireflective coating comprises multiple film layers with different refractive indices.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second glass layer is made of a low reflection, high transmission glass.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the third glass layer is made of a low reflection, high transmission glass.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a building photovoltaic module is provided. The building photovoltaic module includes: the photovoltaic module comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer. Wherein the first glass layer is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is positioned on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. A hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low emissivity layer is positioned between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is located between the first glass layer and the low-emissivity layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the architectural photovoltaic module further comprises at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. Wherein the at least one antireflective coating is located at least one of the following positions: an outer surface of the second glass layer, an inner surface of the second glass layer, an outer surface of the third glass layer, and an inner surface of the third glass layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a single antireflective coating comprises multiple film layers with different refractive indices.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a transparent insulating layer is disposed between the photovoltaic chip layer and the low-emissivity layer.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second glass layer is made of a low reflection, high transmission glass.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the third glass layer is made of a low reflection, high transmission glass.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following brief description of the drawings of the embodiments will be given, it being understood that the drawings described below relate only to some embodiments of the present disclosure, not to limitations of the present disclosure, in which:
FIG. 1a is an exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module;
FIG. 1b is an exemplary block diagram of another architectural photovoltaic module;
fig. 2 is a first exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a second exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a third exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a fourth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a fifth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a sixth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a seventh exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is an eighth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 10 is a ninth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Elements in the figures are illustrated schematically and not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure without the need for creative efforts, are also within the scope of the protection of the present disclosure.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the specification and relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. Terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one component (or portion of a component) from another component (or another portion of a component).
Fig. 1a shows an exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 100 a. The building photovoltaic module 100a includes: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. In this context, the surface of each layer facing outward (side facing the sunlight irradiation direction) is referred to as a first surface. The surface of each layer facing inward (side facing away from the direction of solar radiation) is referred to as a second surface. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the architectural photovoltaic module 100 a. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the first glass layer 120 is in contact with the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A hollow layer and a low-emissivity layer 140 are disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 is disposed (plated) on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 and the third glass layer 150 as a whole may be referred to as low emissivity glass. The low-emissivity layer 140 is made of silver, tin oxide, or the like, and has a high reflectance to far infrared rays. The low-emissivity layer 140 has a low heat transfer coefficient and infrared ray reflection characteristics compared to the conventional glass layers (the first glass layer 120, the second glass layer 130, and the third glass layer 150), and thus has good light transmittance and excellent heat insulation effect. The low-emissivity layer 140 is provided in the building photovoltaic module to reduce heat exchange between the indoor and outdoor sides due to heat radiation, which is advantageous for maintaining indoor temperature. Between the second surface of the second glass layer 130 and the first surface of the low emissivity layer 140 is a hollow layer. The hollow layer may be filled with air or inert gas for heat insulation and noise insulation.
As shown in fig. 1a, to maintain the light transmission of the building photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is etched with a plurality of light transmission regions. The black portion in the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is a solar cell (opaque region), and the white portion is a light-transmitting region after etching. For industrial production, the light-transmitting areas in the photovoltaic chip layer 110 are arranged to have a periodic shape, for example in the form of a grid. The periodic arrangement of the photovoltaic chips results in a periodicity of the spatial modulation frequency. Furthermore, the size of the light-transmitting region in the photovoltaic chip layer 110 may be in the order of millimeters or less for aesthetic purposes. For both reasons mentioned above, moire phenomena occur in architectural photovoltaic modules. Moire is a stripe formed by overlapping two patterns with close spatial modulation frequencies. The moire phenomenon of the light-transmitting building photovoltaic module can bring serious visual interference to people, and can cause huge damage to the appearance and the shape of the building, so that the building aesthetic requirement is not met.
The reason for the moire generation in the architectural photovoltaic module is described below in connection with the example of fig. 1 a. In the example of fig. 1a, light ray 1 (represented by a dashed line) enters the architectural photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, the light-transmitting region (represented by a white square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, the second glass layer 130, and the hollow layer, and is reflected at the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The reflected light ray 1 passes through the second glass layer 130, the light-transmitting region of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the first glass layer 120 to reach the position of the human eye in fig. 1 a. Light ray 2 (represented by the solid line) enters the architectural photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, and is reflected at the opaque region (represented by the black square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The reflected light 2 passes through the first glass layer 120 to reach the position of the human eye in fig. 1 a. The light seen by the human eye comprises reflected light rays 1 and reflected light rays 2. The spatial modulation frequencies of the reflected light ray 1 and the reflected light ray 2 are close and have optical path differences, so that the reflected light ray 1 and the reflected light ray 2 are overlapped to form moire. For ease of illustration, ray 1 and ray 2 are drawn separately in fig. 1a, in practice overlapping.
In the example of fig. 1a, due to the strongly reflective nature of the low-emissivity layer 140, the light ray 1 still has a higher intensity after reflection on the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140, and thus moire formed by the superposition of the reflected light ray 1 and the reflected light ray 2 is easily observed by the human eye.
Fig. 1b shows an exemplary block diagram of another architectural photovoltaic module 100 b. The building photovoltaic module 100b includes: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. The first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the architectural photovoltaic module 100 b. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located between the first glass layer 120 and the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the first glass layer 120 is in contact with the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A hollow layer and a low-emissivity layer 140 are disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 is disposed (plated) on the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The low emissivity layer 140 and the second glass layer 130 as a whole may be referred to as low emissivity glass. As described in the example of fig. 1a, providing the low-emissivity layer 140 in the building photovoltaic module may reduce heat exchange between the indoor and outdoor caused by heat radiation, facilitating maintenance of indoor temperature. Between the second surface of the low emissivity layer 140 and the first surface of the third glass layer 150 is a hollow layer. The hollow layer may be filled with air or inert gas for heat insulation and noise insulation.
The reason for the moire generation in the architectural photovoltaic module is described below in connection with the example of fig. 1 b. In the example of fig. 1b, light ray 1 (represented by the dashed line) enters the architectural photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, the light-transmitting region (represented by the white square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the second glass layer 130, and is reflected at the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140. The reflected light ray 1 passes through the second glass layer 130, the light-transmitting region of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the first glass layer 120 to reach the position of the human eye in fig. 1 b. Light ray 2 (represented by the solid line) enters the architectural photovoltaic module from the first surface of the first glass layer 120, passes through the first glass layer 120, and is reflected at the opaque region (represented by the black square) of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The reflected light 2 passes through the first glass layer 120 to reach the position of the human eye in fig. 1 b. The light seen by the human eye comprises reflected light rays 1 and reflected light rays 2. The spatial modulation frequencies of the reflected light ray 1 and the reflected light ray 2 are close and have optical path differences, so that the reflected light ray 1 and the reflected light ray 2 are overlapped to form moire. For ease of illustration, ray 1 and ray 2 are drawn separately in fig. 1b, in practice overlapping.
Similar to fig. 1a, in the example of fig. 1b, due to the strongly reflective nature of the low-emissivity layer 140, ray 1 still has a higher intensity after reflection on the first surface of the low-emissivity layer 140, and thus moire formed by the superposition of reflected ray 1 and reflected ray 2 is easily observed by the human eye.
Combining the examples of fig. 1a and 1b, it can be found that one important reason for the formation of moire patterns in architectural photovoltaic modules is the strong reflectivity of the low emissivity layer 140. The presence of the low-emissivity layer 140 allows the light seen by the human eye to be a superposition of the light reflected from the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the light reflected by the low-emissivity layer 140 and to exhibit a periodic variation as the angle of view of the human eye changes. The superimposed light forms mole patterns which change in a certain rule. The low-emissivity layer 140 has the characteristics of low heat transfer coefficient and infrared reflection, can reduce heat exchange between the indoor and outdoor parts caused by heat radiation, and is favorable for maintaining the indoor temperature, so that the low-emissivity layer is indispensable in building a photovoltaic module. Therefore, moire phenomenon should not be alleviated by removing the low emissivity layer 140 in the architectural photovoltaic module.
According to the above study, in a first aspect of the present disclosure, an architectural photovoltaic module is proposed that can mitigate moire phenomenon. The architectural photovoltaic module may include: the photovoltaic module comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer. Wherein the first glass layer is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is positioned on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. A hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low emissivity layer is positioned between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is located inside the low emissivity layer and outside the third glass layer. Fig. 2 to 6 show a construction photovoltaic module having the above-described structure. How the architectural photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mitigates moire phenomenon is specifically described below in connection with the examples of fig. 2 to 6.
Fig. 2 shows a first exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example of fig. 2, the architectural photovoltaic module 200 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. In this context, the left side of the first surface of each layer is referred to as the front side, according to the orientation shown in the figures. The right side of the second surface of each layer is referred to as the rear face. Wherein the first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer 130 is positioned between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located inside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. A transparent insulating layer (e.g., a pellicle layer) may be disposed between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 to avoid interference of the electrical signals of the two.
In contrast to the architectural photovoltaic module 100a shown in fig. 1a and the architectural photovoltaic module 100b shown in fig. 1b, the architectural photovoltaic module 200 shown in fig. 2 moves the low-emissivity layer 140 to the front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 such that the low-emissivity layer 140 is located between the second surface of the first glass layer 120 and the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. Since the low-emissivity layer 140 is moved to the front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, a portion of the light may be reflected before impinging on the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and thus the intensity of the light reflected at the opaque regions of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is reduced. Light not reflected by the low-emissivity layer 140 may be transmitted through the light-transmitting region of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the second glass layer 130, and reflected on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The third glass layer 150 has a lower reflectivity than the low-emissivity layer 140, so that the reflected light superimposed with the reflected light of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 in fig. 2 is weaker than the examples of fig. 1a and 1b, thereby reducing moire phenomenon.
Fig. 3 illustrates a second exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example of fig. 3, the architectural photovoltaic module 300 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. Wherein the first glass layer 120 is located on the outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer 130 is positioned between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located inside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.
In contrast to the architectural photovoltaic module 100a shown in fig. 1a and the architectural photovoltaic module 100b shown in fig. 1b, the architectural photovoltaic module 300 shown in fig. 3 moves the low-emissivity layer 140 to the front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 such that the low-emissivity layer 140 is located between the second surface of the first glass layer 120 and the first surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. As described in the example of fig. 2, moving the low-emissivity layer 140 in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 may mitigate moire phenomena. In contrast to the architectural photovoltaic module 200 shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 of the architectural photovoltaic module 300 shown in fig. 3 is moved behind the second glass layer 130 such that the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located between the second surface of the second glass layer 130 and the hollow layer. Since the hollow layer is filled with air or inert gas, the normal operation of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 is not affected. Alternatively or additionally, a transparent insulating layer (e.g., a film layer) may be provided between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the hollow layer to avoid the operation of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 from being affected.
As can be seen from a combination of the examples of fig. 2 and 3, the moire phenomenon can be alleviated by disposing the low emissivity layer 140 in front of the photovoltaic chip layer 110, and the position of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 can be changed according to the specific structure of the building photovoltaic module. For example, on the basis of the examples of fig. 2 and 3, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 may also be arranged on the first surface of the third glass layer 130. If the architectural photovoltaic module has more than three layers of glass, the photovoltaic chip layer 110 may also be disposed at any suitable location behind the low emissivity layer 140 and in front of the second surface of the last glass layer.
Further, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the architectural photovoltaic module can further include at least one anti-reflection coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. Wherein the at least one antireflective coating may be located at least one of the following locations: a first surface of the second glass layer 130, a second surface of the second glass layer 130, a first surface of the third glass layer 150, and a second surface of the third glass layer 150. A single antireflective coating may comprise multiple film layers with different refractive indices. By controlling the film thickness of each film, multiple interference cancellation effects can be formed, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the glass and weakening the reflected light. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, materials such as magnesium fluoride, titanium oxide, silicon nitride, lead sulfide, lead selenide, and the like may be used to make the antireflective coating.
Fig. 4 shows a third exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 400 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 400 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass 150 layer, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first antireflective coating 160, and a second antireflective coating 170. The architectural photovoltaic module 400 shown in fig. 4 has the first and second antireflective coatings 160 and 170 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 200 shown in fig. 2. In the example of fig. 4, the first surface of the first anti-reflection coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first anti-reflection coating 160 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second anti-reflection coating 170 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150.
Further, the second glass layer 130 and/or the third glass layer 150 may be made of low reflection, high transmission glass. The low reflection high transmission glass can weaken the imaging effect of the regular stripes on the glass, thereby reducing the moire phenomenon.
Although both the first antireflective coating 160 and the second antireflective coating 170 are shown in the example of fig. 4, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that only the first antireflective coating 160, or only the second antireflective coating 170, may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 400.
Fig. 5 shows a fourth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 500 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190. The architectural photovoltaic module 500 shown in fig. 5 has a third antireflective coating 180 and a fourth antireflective coating 190 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 200 shown in fig. 2. In the example of fig. 5, the first surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the third anti-reflection coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The third anti-reflective coating 180 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth anti-reflection coating 190 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.
Although both the third antireflective coating 180 and the fourth antireflective coating 190 are shown in the example of fig. 5, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that only the third antireflective coating 180, or only the fourth antireflective coating 190, may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 500.
Fig. 6 shows a fifth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 600 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first antireflective coating 160, a second antireflective coating 170, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190. The architectural photovoltaic module 600 shown in fig. 6 has a first antireflective coating 160, a second antireflective coating 170, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 200 shown in fig. 2. In the example of fig. 6, the first surface of the first anti-reflection coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the third anti-reflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110. The second surface of the third anti-reflection coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The first anti-reflection coating 160 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second anti-reflection coating 170 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The third anti-reflective coating 180 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth anti-reflection coating 190 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.
The example of fig. 6 provides more antireflective coatings than the examples of fig. 4 and 5, which better attenuate reflected light and thus reduce moire.
Although four of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 are shown in the example of fig. 6, one skilled in the art will appreciate that only one, two, or three of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 600.
In a second aspect of the present disclosure, another architectural photovoltaic module is presented that can mitigate moire phenomena. The architectural photovoltaic module may include: the photovoltaic module comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low-radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer. Wherein the first glass layer is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer is positioned on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer. A hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer. The low emissivity layer is positioned between the first glass layer and the second glass layer. The photovoltaic chip layer is located between the first glass layer and the low-emissivity layer. Fig. 7 to 10 show a construction photovoltaic module having the above-described structure. How the architectural photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure mitigates moire phenomenon is specifically described below in connection with the examples of fig. 7 to 10.
Fig. 7 shows a sixth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 700 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example of fig. 7, a building photovoltaic module 700 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, and a photovoltaic chip layer 110. Wherein the first glass 120 is located outside of the architectural photovoltaic module. The third glass layer 150 is located on the inside of the building photovoltaic module. The second glass layer 130 is positioned between the first glass layer 120 and the third glass layer 150. A hollow layer is disposed between the second glass layer 130 and the third glass layer 150. The low emissivity layer 140 may be disposed (plated) on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The photovoltaic chip layer 110 is located outside the low-emissivity layer 140 and may be disposed (plated) on the second surface of the first glass layer 120. A transparent insulating layer (e.g., a pellicle layer) may be disposed between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 to avoid interference of the electrical signals of the two. The thickness of the transparent insulating layer may be set as small as possible to reduce the optical path difference between the light reflected on the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the light reflected on the low-emissivity layer 140.
In contrast to the architectural photovoltaic module 100a shown in fig. 1a and the architectural photovoltaic module 100b shown in fig. 1b, the architectural photovoltaic module 700 shown in fig. 7 moves the low-emissivity layer 140 to a position immediately adjacent to the photovoltaic chip layer 110 such that the low-emissivity layer 140 is located between the second surface of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the first surface of the second glass layer 130. Since the thickness of the transparent insulating layer between the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the low-emissivity layer 140 is set as small as possible, the optical path difference between the light reflected on the photovoltaic chip layer 110 and the light reflected on the low-emissivity layer 140 is small and negligible, so that the moire phenomenon can be reduced. Further, as described in the example of fig. 2, the reflectivity of the third glass layer 150 is weaker than that of the low-emissivity layer 140, so that the reflected light superimposed with the reflected light of the photovoltaic chip layer 110 in fig. 7 is weaker than in the examples of fig. 1a and 1b, thereby alleviating moire phenomenon.
Further, based on the example of fig. 7, the architectural photovoltaic module may further include at least one anti-reflection coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass. Wherein the at least one antireflective coating may be located at least one of the following locations: a first surface of the second glass layer 130, a second surface of the second glass layer 130, a first surface of the third glass layer 150, and a second surface of the third glass layer 150. A single antireflective coating may comprise multiple film layers with different refractive indices. By controlling the film thickness of each film, multiple interference cancellation effects can be formed, thereby increasing the light transmittance of the glass and weakening the reflected light.
Fig. 8 shows a seventh exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 800 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 800 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first antireflective coating 160, and a second antireflective coating 170. The architectural photovoltaic module 800 shown in fig. 8 has the first and second antireflective coatings 160 and 170 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 700 shown in fig. 7. In the example of fig. 8, the first surface of the first anti-reflection coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first anti-reflection coating 160 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second anti-reflection coating 170 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150.
As described above, the second glass layer 130 and/or the third glass layer 150 may be made of low reflection, high transmission glass. The low reflection high transmission glass can weaken the imaging effect of the regular stripes on the glass, thereby reducing the moire phenomenon.
Although both the first antireflective coating 160 and the second antireflective coating 170 are shown in the example of fig. 8, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that only the first antireflective coating 160, or only the second antireflective coating 170, may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 800.
Fig. 9 shows an eighth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 900 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190. The architectural photovoltaic module 900 shown in fig. 9 has a third antireflective coating 180 and a fourth antireflective coating 190 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 700 shown in fig. 7. In the example of fig. 9, the first surface of the third antireflective coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the low emissivity layer 140. The second surface of the third anti-reflection coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The third anti-reflective coating 180 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth anti-reflection coating 190 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.
Although both the third antireflective coating 180 and the fourth antireflective coating 190 are shown in the example of fig. 9, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that only the third antireflective coating 180, or only the fourth antireflective coating 190, may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 900.
Fig. 10 shows a ninth exemplary block diagram of a building photovoltaic module 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The architectural photovoltaic module 1000 can include: a first glass layer 120, a second glass layer 130, a third glass layer 150, a hollow layer, a low emissivity layer 140, a photovoltaic chip layer 110, a first antireflective coating 160, a second antireflective coating 170, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190. The architectural photovoltaic module 1000 shown in fig. 10 has a first antireflective coating 160, a second antireflective coating 170, a third antireflective coating 180, and a fourth antireflective coating 190 added to the architectural photovoltaic module 700 shown in fig. 7. In the example of fig. 10, the first surface of the first anti-reflection coating 160 is in contact with the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the hollow layer. The second surface of the second anti-reflection coating 170 is in contact with the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The first surface of the third anti-reflection coating 180 is in contact with the second surface of the low emissivity layer 140. The second surface of the third anti-reflection coating 180 is in contact with the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The first surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the second surface of the second glass layer 130. The second surface of the fourth anti-reflection coating 190 is in contact with the hollow layer. The first anti-reflection coating 160 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the third glass layer 150. The second anti-reflection coating 170 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the third glass layer 150. The third anti-reflective coating 180 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the first surface of the second glass layer 130. The fourth anti-reflection coating 190 may be used to attenuate reflection of light on the second surface of the second glass layer 130.
The example of fig. 10 provides more antireflective coatings than the examples of fig. 8 and 9, which better attenuate reflected light and thus reduce moire.
Although four of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 are shown in the example of fig. 10, one skilled in the art will appreciate that only one, two, or three of the first antireflective coating 160, the second antireflective coating 170, the third antireflective coating 180, and the fourth antireflective coating 190 may be provided in the architectural photovoltaic module 1000.
In summary, the architectural photovoltaic module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure alleviates moire phenomenon by three aspects, and thus can provide a more beautiful architectural facade:
(1) Disposing the low-emissivity layer on the outside (side near the viewer) of the photovoltaic chip layer such that a portion of the light is reflected on the low-emissivity layer before striking the photovoltaic chip layer, and thus the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer is attenuated, such that the superposition of the reflected light with the reflected light on the low-emissivity layer is attenuated or cannot be superimposed for imaging, and thus moire is attenuated (changing the front-to-back relationship between the projection surface and the body);
(2) By reducing the distance between the low-emissivity layer and the photovoltaic chip layer, the superposition of the reflected light on the low-emissivity layer and the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer is weakened or cannot be imaged in a superposition way, so that the moire is weakened (the distance between the projection surface and the body is changed);
(3) By adding an anti-reflection coating on the front and rear surfaces of one or more glass layers inside the photovoltaic chip layer (on the side facing away from the viewer), the reflected light on this glass layer is reduced, so that the superposition of this reflected light with the reflected light on the photovoltaic chip layer is reduced, and thus the moire is reduced (the imaging effect of the projection carrier is reduced).
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus and methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms of words include the plural and vice versa, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, when referring to the singular, the plural of the corresponding term is generally included. Similarly, the terms "comprising" and "including" are to be construed as being inclusive rather than exclusive. Likewise, the terms "comprising" and "or" should be interpreted as inclusive, unless such an interpretation is expressly prohibited herein. Where the term "example" is used herein, particularly when it follows a set of terms, the "example" is merely exemplary and illustrative and should not be considered exclusive or broad.
Further aspects and scope of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that various aspects of the present application may be implemented alone or in combination with one or more other aspects. It should also be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
While several embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A building photovoltaic module comprising: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer,
the first glass layer is located on the outer side of the building photovoltaic module, the third glass layer is located on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module, the second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer, a hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer, the low-radiation layer is located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, the photovoltaic chip layer is etched to form a plurality of light-transmitting areas, the light-transmitting areas are arranged to have a periodic shape, the size of the light-transmitting areas is below millimeter level, and the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the second glass layer and the hollow layer to reduce the moire phenomenon of the building photovoltaic module.
2. The architectural photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass, wherein the at least one antireflective coating is located at least one of the following locations:
the outer surface of the second glass layer,
the inner surface of the second glass layer,
the outer surface of the third glass layer
An inner surface of the third glass layer.
3. The architectural photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein a single antireflective coating comprises multiple film layers having different refractive indices.
4. A building photovoltaic module comprising: a first glass layer, a second glass layer, a third glass layer, a hollow layer, a low radiation layer and a photovoltaic chip layer,
the first glass layer is located on the outer side of the building photovoltaic module, the third glass layer is located on the inner side of the building photovoltaic module, the second glass layer is located between the first glass layer and the third glass layer, a hollow layer is arranged between the second glass layer and the third glass layer, the low-radiation layer is located between the first glass layer and the second glass layer, the photovoltaic chip layer is etched to form a plurality of light-transmitting areas, the light-transmitting areas are arranged to have a periodic shape, the size of the light-transmitting areas is below millimeter level, and the photovoltaic chip layer is located between the hollow layer and the third glass layer to reduce the moire phenomenon of the building photovoltaic module.
5. The architectural photovoltaic module of claim 4, further comprising at least one antireflective coating for increasing the light transmittance of the glass, wherein the at least one antireflective coating is located at least one of the following locations:
the outer surface of the second glass layer,
the inner surface of the second glass layer,
the outer surface of the third glass layer
An inner surface of the third glass layer.
6. The architectural photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein a single antireflective coating comprises multiple film layers with different refractive indices.
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| NL2026856B1 (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-06-27 | Exa Ip Bv | Photovoltaic Devices |
| CN113241384A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-10 | 永臻科技(滁州)有限公司 | Solar photovoltaic module and solar-based shutter |
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2022
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| CN114639747A (en) | 2022-06-17 |
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