CN116451406A - Construction method of long-distance communicated multicomponent three-dimensional digital core - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a long-distance communicated multicomponent three-dimensional digital core, and particularly relates to the technical field of core analysis and test. According to the method, a rock two-dimensional gray image is obtained by CT scanning of a rock sample, after image filtering and segmentation processing, a rock two-dimensional image containing pores and different mineral components is obtained, three-dimensional spaces of pores, clay minerals and heavy minerals are respectively generated by using a sequential indication simulation method, a clay mineral three-dimensional space submodel and a heavy mineral three-dimensional space submodel are saved, cyclic expansion operation and corrosion operation are carried out on the pore three-dimensional space until the absolute error between the porosity of the pore three-dimensional space and the porosity of a real rock is less than +/-0.5%, the pore three-dimensional space submodel is saved, and the three-dimensional space submodels of different rock components are overlapped, so that the construction of the long-distance communicated multi-mineral component three-dimensional digital core is completed. The method overcomes the defects of small average pore radius and poor pore connectivity of the three-dimensional digital rock core constructed by the sequential indication simulation method, improves the permeability of the three-dimensional digital rock core constructed, and adds clay mineral components and heavy mineral components in the three-dimensional digital rock core model, thereby laying a foundation for accurately analyzing the rock seepage characteristics and resistivity characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of core analysis and test, in particular to a construction method of a long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core.
Background
With the increase of the demand of oil and gas resources year by year, in order to improve the guarantee capability of the oil and gas resources, the center of gravity of oil and gas field exploration and development gradually extends from a shallow layer to a middle deep layer. Petrophysical experiments provide basic data for evaluating the effectiveness, heterogeneity and fracking of mid-depth layers, but it is difficult to provide rapid support for hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation because of the relatively few full diameter cores drilled in mid-depth layers and the relatively long time-consuming petrophysical experiments.
The digital core technology is used as a numerical simulation method, and can replace petrophysical experiments to a certain extent to rapidly evaluate hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the method for constructing the three-dimensional digital rock core, the sequential indication simulation method can quickly construct the digital rock core with the porosity and variation function similar to those of real rock by using the two-dimensional images of the rock. However, the digital rock core constructed by the method has small average pore size and poor pore connectivity, and cannot obtain accurate rock seepage characteristics. Meanwhile, the method only characterizes two rock components of the pore space and the framework, and is different from the component types of the real rock. Therefore, a construction method of a long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core is required to be provided, and the problems of poor connectivity and few rock component types of the constructed digital core are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a construction method of a long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital rock core.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital rock core specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a rock two-dimensional gray image;
step 2, dividing pores and mineral components in the rock two-dimensional gray level image;
step 3, generating a pore three-dimensional space, a clay mineral three-dimensional space and a heavy mineral three-dimensional space;
step 4, constructing a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model;
step 5, overlapping three-dimensional space sub-models of different rock components;
and 6, verifying the three-dimensional digital core with the multi-mineral components communicated in a long distance.
Preferably, in the step 1: collecting rock samples according to coring rock data, processing the rock samples, scanning the processed rock samples by adopting CT scanning equipment, and cutting to obtain the rock sample with the functions ofN×NRock two-dimensional gray scale image of individual voxels.
Preferably, in the step 2: the rock two-dimensional gray level image is processed by a non-local mean value filtering method, the two-dimensional gray level image is segmented by a watershed algorithm, the pore two-dimensional image, the quartz two-dimensional image, the clay mineral two-dimensional image and the heavy mineral two-dimensional image are respectively stored, and the porosity, the clay mineral duty ratio and the heavy mineral duty ratio are counted.
Preferably, the step 3 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
step 3.1: generating a pore three-dimensional space;
step 3.2: preserving a clay mineral three-dimensional space sub-model;
step 3.3: and (5) preserving the heavy mineral three-dimensional space submodel.
In step 3.1: using porosity and variation function of the two-dimensional image of the pore as constraint conditions, and generating the two-dimensional image with the pore by using a sequential indication simulation methodN×N×NA pore three-dimensional space of individual voxels;
in step 3.2: using clay mineral duty ratio of clay mineral two-dimensional image and variation function of clay mineral as constraint condition, using sequential indication simulation method to generate the image with the functions of three-dimensional imageN×N×NClay mineral three-dimensional space of each voxel is stored as clay mineral three-dimensional space submodel;
in step 3.3: generating the two-dimensional image with the weight mineral duty ratio and the variation function of the weight mineral as constraint conditions by using a sequential indication simulation methodN×N×NAnd (3) a heavy mineral three-dimensional space of each voxel, and storing the heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically includes the following substeps:
step 4.1: performing expansion operation;
step 4.2: performing corrosion operation;
step 4.3: and (5) preserving a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model.
In step 4.1: performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step 3.1, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Ain order to set the pores,Bthe expansion calculation is carried out on spherical structural elementsx, y, z) Is a three-dimensional space point, and is an expansion operator, and the number of the expansion operators is an empty set, and the spherical structural elements are spherical structural elementsBIs of the initial radius of (1)R B0 1 voxel;
in step 4.2: and (3) performing corrosion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step (4.1) after expansion operation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（2）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Cfor the corrosion operation of the spherical structural elements,for corrosion operators, spherical structural elementsCIs of the initial radius of (1)R C0 1 voxel;
in step 4.3: counting the porosity of the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step 4.2 after corrosion operation, if the absolute error of the porosity is less than +/-0.5% with the porosity counted in the step 2, storing the three-dimensional space of the pore as a long-distance communicated three-dimensional space submodel of the pore, and ending the step, otherwise, in the steps [1, 15]Two random numbers are selected at will and respectively used as spherical structural elementsBAnd structural elementsCAnd restarting step 4.1.
Preferably, in the step 5: overlapping the long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model, the clay mineral three-dimensional space sub-model and the heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model, and if the pore voxels and the clay mineral voxels are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxels as clay mineralsVoxel, if the pore voxel and heavy mineral voxel overlap in three-dimensional space, the overlapping voxel is assigned to the heavy mineral voxel, if the clay mineral voxel and heavy mineral voxel overlap in three-dimensional space, the overlapping voxel is assigned to the heavy mineral voxel, if a certain voxel does not represent pore, clay mineral or heavy mineral in three-dimensional space, the voxel is assigned to the quartz voxel, and the method is completedN×N×NAnd constructing the multi-component three-dimensional digital core through long-distance communication of each voxel.
Preferably, in the step 6: and (3) respectively calculating the three-dimensional space of the pore constructed in the step (3.1) and the permeability of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core constructed in the step (5) by utilizing lattice Boltzmann, and verifying the accuracy of the constructed long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core by comparing with the permeability results of rock physical experiments.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method realizes the construction of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core, overcomes the defects of small average pore radius and poor pore connectivity of the three-dimensional digital core constructed by a sequential indication simulation method, improves the permeability of the three-dimensional digital core constructed, adds clay mineral components and heavy mineral components in a three-dimensional digital core model, and lays a foundation for accurately analyzing the rock seepage characteristics and resistivity characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a long-distance connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional gray scale image of a conglomerate rock sample A;
FIG. 3 is a view of rock composition after segmentation of a two-dimensional gray scale image of rock;
fig. 4 is a constructed long-range connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core diagram.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
taking three-dimensional digital core construction of a sandy rock sample A of a certain oilfield in China as an example, the construction method of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core provided by the invention is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a rock two-dimensional gray level image;
collecting a sandy rock sample A of a certain oilfield in China, cleaning and drying the rock sample, performing CT scanning by using a Zeiss Xradia 500 Versa 3D X-ray microscope, and cutting to obtain a rock two-dimensional gray image with 200X 200 voxels, as shown in figure 2.
Step 2: dividing pores and mineral components in the rock two-dimensional gray scale image;
the rock two-dimensional gray image is processed by a non-local mean value filtering method, the two-dimensional gray image is segmented by a watershed algorithm, and as shown in fig. 3, the two-dimensional image of the pore, the two-dimensional image of quartz, the two-dimensional image of clay mineral and the two-dimensional image of heavy mineral are respectively stored, the statistical porosity is 17.25%, the clay mineral accounts for 3.90%, and the heavy mineral accounts for 0.38%.
Step 3: generating a pore three-dimensional space, a clay mineral three-dimensional space and a heavy mineral three-dimensional space, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: generating a pore three-dimensional space;
taking the porosity of the two-dimensional image of the pore and the variation function of the pore as constraint conditions, a pore three-dimensional space having 200 x 200 voxels is generated using a sequential indication simulation method.
Step 3.2: preserving a clay mineral three-dimensional space sub-model;
and using a clay mineral duty ratio and a variation function of the clay mineral two-dimensional image as constraint conditions, generating a clay mineral three-dimensional space with 200 multiplied by 200 voxels by using a sequential indication simulation method, and storing the clay mineral three-dimensional space as a clay mineral three-dimensional space submodel.
Step 3.3: preserving a heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model;
and generating a heavy mineral three-dimensional space with 200 multiplied by 200 voxels by using a sequential indication simulation method by taking the heavy mineral duty ratio of the heavy mineral two-dimensional image and the variation function of the heavy mineral as constraint conditions, and storing the heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model.
Step 4: constructing a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: performing expansion operation;
performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step 3.1, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Ain order to set the pores,Bthe expansion calculation is carried out on spherical structural elementsx, y, z) Is a three-dimensional space point, and is an expansion operator, and the number of the expansion operators is an empty set, and the spherical structural elements are spherical structural elementsBIs of the initial radius of (1)R B0 1 voxel;
step 4.2: performing corrosion operation;
and (3) performing corrosion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step (4.1) after expansion operation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（2）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Cfor the corrosion operation of the spherical structural elements,for corrosion operators, spherical structural elementsCIs of the initial radius of (1)R C0 1 voxel;
step 4.3: storing a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model;
the porosity of the three-dimensional space of the pore generated after the corrosion operation in the step 4.2 is counted to be 18.05 percent, and the absolute error of the porosity counted in the step 2 is more than +/-0.5 percent, thus, the porosity is counted in the steps [1, 15]Two random numbers are selected at will and respectively used as spherical structural elementsBAnd structural elementsCAnd restarting step 4.1 when repeating the cycle 7 th time, the spherical structural elementBAnd structural elementsCWhen the radius of the porous three-dimensional space is 7 voxels and 8 voxels respectively, the porosity of the three-dimensional space of the porous generated by the corrosion operation in the step 4.2 is 17.50 percent, the absolute error of the porosity counted in the step 2 is less than +/-0.5 percent, and the porosity is ensuredAnd storing the three-dimensional space of the pore as a long-distance communicated three-dimensional space sub-model of the pore, and ending the step.
Step 5, overlapping three-dimensional space sub-models of different rock components;
overlapping the long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space submodel, the clay mineral three-dimensional space submodel and the heavy mineral three-dimensional space submodel, if the pore voxels and the clay mineral voxels are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxels as clay mineral voxels, if the pore voxels and the heavy mineral voxels are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxels as heavy mineral voxels, if the clay mineral voxels and the heavy mineral voxels are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxels as heavy mineral voxels, and if a certain voxel in the three-dimensional space does not represent pores, clay minerals or heavy minerals, giving the voxel as quartz voxels, thus completing the construction of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital rock core with 200×200 voxels, as shown in fig. 4.
Step 6, three-dimensional digital core verification of communicating multiple mineral components for a long distance;
the three-dimensional space of the pore constructed in the step 3.1 and the permeability of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core constructed in the step 5 are respectively calculated by utilizing lattice Boltzmann and are 636.40 mD and 2990.48 mD respectively, and the permeability of the constructed long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core is found to be more consistent with an experimental permeability result through comparison with a petrophysical experimental permeability result (2103.21 mD), so that the accuracy of the long-distance communicated multi-mineral component three-dimensional digital core is verified.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The construction method of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital rock core is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring a rock two-dimensional gray image;
step 2, dividing pores and mineral components in the rock two-dimensional gray level image;
step 3, generating a pore three-dimensional space, a clay mineral three-dimensional space and a heavy mineral three-dimensional space;
step 4, constructing a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model;
step 5, overlapping three-dimensional space sub-models of different rock components;
and 6, verifying the three-dimensional digital core with the multi-mineral components communicated in a long distance.
2. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein in step 1: collecting rock samples according to coring rock data, processing the rock samples, scanning the processed rock samples by adopting CT scanning equipment, and cutting to obtain the rock sample with the functions ofN×NRock two-dimensional gray scale image of individual voxels.
3. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2: the rock two-dimensional gray level image is processed by a non-local mean value filtering method, the two-dimensional gray level image is segmented by a watershed algorithm, the pore two-dimensional image, the quartz two-dimensional image, the clay mineral two-dimensional image and the heavy mineral two-dimensional image are respectively stored, and the porosity, the clay mineral duty ratio and the heavy mineral duty ratio are counted.
4. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multi-component three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: using porosity and variation function of the two-dimensional image of the pore as constraint conditions, and generating the two-dimensional image with the pore by using a sequential indication simulation methodN×N×NA pore three-dimensional space of individual voxels;
step 3.2: using clay mineral duty ratio of clay mineral two-dimensional image and variation function of clay mineral as constraint condition, using sequential indication simulation method to generate the image with the functions of three-dimensional imageN×N×NClay mineral three-dimensional space of each voxel is stored as clay mineral three-dimensional space submodel;
step 3.3: generating the two-dimensional image with the weight mineral duty ratio and the variation function of the weight mineral as constraint conditions by using a sequential indication simulation methodN×N×NAnd (3) a heavy mineral three-dimensional space of each voxel, and storing the heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model.
5. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multi-component three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 4.1: performing expansion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step 3.1, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（1）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Ain order to set the pores,Bthe expansion calculation is carried out on spherical structural elementsx, y, z) Is a three-dimensional space point, and is an expansion operator, and the number of the expansion operators is an empty set, and the spherical structural elements are spherical structural elementsBIs of the initial radius of (1)R B0 1 voxel;
step 4.2: and (3) performing corrosion operation on the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step (4.1) after expansion operation, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
（2）
in the method, in the process of the invention,Cfor the corrosion operation of the spherical structural elements,for corrosion operators, spherical structural elementsCIs of the initial radius of (1)R C0 1 voxel;
step 4.3: counting the porosity of the three-dimensional space of the pore generated in the step 4.2 after corrosion operation, ifThe absolute error of the porosity calculated in the step (2) is less than +/-0.5%, the three-dimensional space of the pore is saved as a long-distance communicated three-dimensional space submodel of the pore, and the step is ended, otherwise, the step is finished in the steps (1, 15)]Two random numbers are selected at will and respectively used as spherical structural elementsBAnd structural elementsCAnd restarting step 4.1.
6. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5: overlapping a long-distance communicated pore three-dimensional space sub-model, a clay mineral three-dimensional space sub-model and a heavy mineral three-dimensional space sub-model, if a pore voxel and a clay mineral voxel are overlapped in a three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxel as a clay mineral voxel, if the pore voxel and the heavy mineral voxel are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxel as a heavy mineral voxel, if the clay mineral voxel and the heavy mineral voxel are overlapped in the three-dimensional space, giving the overlapped voxel as a heavy mineral voxel, and if a certain voxel in the three-dimensional space does not represent a pore, a clay mineral or a heavy mineral, giving the voxel as a quartz voxel, thereby completing the method with the functions ofN×N×NAnd constructing the multi-component three-dimensional digital core through long-distance communication of each voxel.
7. The method for constructing a long-distance connected multicomponent three-dimensional digital core according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6: and (3) respectively calculating the three-dimensional space of the pore constructed in the step (3.1) and the permeability of the long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core constructed in the step (5) by utilizing lattice Boltzmann, and verifying the accuracy of the constructed long-distance communicated multi-component three-dimensional digital core by comparing with the permeability results of rock physical experiments.
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