CN1164482A - Compact side inflator - Google Patents
Compact side inflator Download PDFInfo
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- CN1164482A CN1164482A CN 95117650 CN95117650A CN1164482A CN 1164482 A CN1164482 A CN 1164482A CN 95117650 CN95117650 CN 95117650 CN 95117650 A CN95117650 A CN 95117650A CN 1164482 A CN1164482 A CN 1164482A
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Abstract
A hybrid aerator of the invention is provided with an aerator shell with pressurizing medium. A bulk cavity is arranged inside the aerator shell and provided with a jet fuel. The aerator is also provided with a jet fuel ignition device. A communication port communicates the bulk cavity body with the aerator shell through fluid continuity. A first circular plate usually blocks the communication port and is ruptured by the jet combustion gas generated by the ignited jet fuel. An outlet is arranged on the shell of a gas generator to provide a gas/ safety capsule with pressurizing medium and jet combustion gas. A second circular plate usually blocks the outlet and is ruptured by the jet combustion gas generated by the ignited jet fuel as the first circular plate does.
Description
Relate generally to automobile inflating field of security systems of the present invention, particularly a kind of hybrid inflator that utilizes quick pressure method to produce the air-flow that leads to gas/safe capsule.
The evolution that is used for the various aerators of automobile inflating safety system has caused the development of simple gas-pressurized aerator, simple jet fuel (propellant) aerator and hybrid inflator.There are many design considerationss naturally in aerator for each the above-mentioned type.In all three kinds of systems, two main design considerationss are that gas/safe capsule is for the scheduled volume that effectively must expand in a preset time in operation.
Because the weight of automobile is an important design considerations at present in many cases, so the weight of aerator also is like this.Secondly, because available space is limited in many automobile designs, the size of aerator also is an important design considerations.
Therefore, a project of the present invention provide a kind of hybrid inflator, can make gas/safe capsule bulging one give empty amount in the empty time to be produced than the more compact size of traditional various aerators and can give one.
In order to achieve the above object, hybrid inflator of the present invention has an aerator table body that a kind of pressure medium is housed.One cavity is arranged on described aerator housing the inside and is contained with a kind of jet fuel.This aerator also has a jet fuel ignition device.One connected entrance is communicated with described cavity with described aerator shell fluid.One first dome is blocked described connected entrance usually, and makes it to break by lighting the jet fuel gas that described jet fuel generates.One outlet is arranged on the described gas generator shell, in order to provide described pressure medium and described jet fuel gas from described aerator housing to gas/safe capsule.One second dome is blocked described outlet usually, and as first dome, makes it to break by lighting the described burning gas fuel gas that described jet fuel generates.
Fig. 1 is a kind of scheme drawing of automobile inflating safety system;
Fig. 2 A-B is respectively longitudinal profile view and its guide wire of alternative shape of an a kind of embodiment of hybrid inflator;
Fig. 3 is that the aerator interior pressure of jet fuel compositions of example 2 is to the performance curve of time;
Fig. 4 is that the receiving tank pressure of jet fuel compositions of example 2 is to the performance curve of time;
Fig. 5 is the longitudinal profile view of a kind of another embodiment of hybrid inflator;
Fig. 6 A-D is the valve and the enlarged elevation view of sealing dome of the aerator of different during operation time charts 5;
Fig. 7 A-D is the end elevation of the valve among Fig. 6 A-D;
Fig. 8 is the longitudinal profile view of a kind of another embodiment of hybrid inflator;
Fig. 9 is a transverse cross sectional view of cuing open the central housing of getting along the straight line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the top view of the dividing plate between first and second chamber of gas generator shell among Fig. 8; The orientation that specifically shows each jet fuel aperture;
Figure 11 A-C is the enlarged elevation view of the valve and the sealing dome of aerator in the different during operation time charts 8;
Figure 12 shows the pressure of each chamber the inside of the aerator among Fig. 8 during operation;
Figure 13 A-D shows the pressure of each chamber the inside of the aerator among Fig. 8 when not using valve/valve system during operation;
Figure 14 A and B are transverse cross sectional view valve, other each embodiment of hybrid inflator in Fig. 5 and 8;
Figure 15 is the longitudinal profile view of a kind of another embodiment of hybrid inflator;
Figure 16 is the longitudinal profile view of a kind of another embodiment of hybrid inflator;
Figure 16 A is a kind of remodeling of hybrid inflator among Figure 16.
The present invention is illustrated with reference to each accompanying drawing that helps to show the various characteristics of the present invention.In this respect, the hybrid inflator of relate generally to automobile inflating safety system of the present invention.That is, the present invention relates to a kind of aerator that utilizes the gentle and/or hot generation jet fuel of gas-pressurized (propellant) of deposit simultaneously.Disclosed various types of hybrid inflators in people's such as Hamilton the U.S. Patent No. 5,230,531, this patent is transferred to the application's cessionary, thereby the whole disclosure of this patent is quoted as reference at this.
An a kind of embodiment of automobile inflating safety system is shown in Fig. 1 substantially.The major part of inflatable safety system 10 comprises a detector 14, one aerators 26, and a gas/safe capsule 18.Detect one when requiring situation (such as a kind of predetermined deceleration) that gas/safe capsule 18 expands at detector 14, a signal is promptly issued aerator 26, so that discharge gas or other suitable fluids via conduit 22 to gas/safe capsule 18 from aerator 26.
The aerator 30 that is shown in Fig. 2 is a kind of hybrid inflators, and can replace aerator 26 and be used in the inflatable safety system 10 of Fig. 1.Correspondingly, aerator 30 comprises a container or aerator housing 34, has certain pressure medium 36, this pressure medium is carved in due course and is offered gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1), an and gas generator 82, can provide jet fuel gas with enhancing lead to gas/safe capsule 18 flow (such as, by providing heat that pressure medium 36 is expanded and/or generating other gas).As below will comparatively describing in detail, a kind of gunpowder type (gun-type) fuel (such as, a kind of high temperature, rich oil jet fuel) can be used for making the jet fuel particle 90 that is seated in gas generator 82, and at least a unreactable gas (such as, argon) and the mixture gas of oxygen can be used as pressure medium 36.For one or several aspect relevant with the present invention, preferably, in gram-molecule, pressure medium comprises from about 70% to about 92% inert fluid and from about 8% to about 30% oxygen, and more preferably, in gram-molecule, pressure medium comprises from about 79% to about 90% inert fluid and from about 10% to about 21% oxygen.
Aerator housing 34 and gas generator 82 are interconnective, and gas generator 82 is seated in aerator housing 34 the insides to reduce the required space of aerator 30.More specifically say, a hollow diffuser pipe 38 be welded in a hollow bushing 66 (such as, have about 1.25 inches diameter) an end.Diffuser pipe 38 have many rows deflation hole 40 by self (such as, 80 deflation holes 40, about 0.100 inch of each diameter), these pores provide a kind of " not having pushing output " from aerator 30, a filter screen 58 is provided with near each deflation hole 40.One sealing dome 70 is placed in sleeve pipe 66 the insides in a suitable manner and welds thereon, so that originally pressure medium 36 is kept off in aerator housing 34 the insides.When needs discharged, one had and basic seals dome 70 for the projectile 50 of cone-shaped end is pushed and then penetrates.Say that more specifically projectile 50 is placed in a cylinder 54 the insides, be positioned at the protrusion side of sealing dome 70, and when the detector 14 from inflatable safety system (Fig. 1) receives a suitable signal, be pushed ejaculation by starting a detonator 46.One annulus 62 is used for originally projectile 50 being held in place before emission.
One aperture sleeve 74 is welded on the end of sealing dome 70 and/or sleeve pipe 66.Aperture sleeve 74 is hollow, and comprise many apertures aperture 78 (such as, four apertures, each diameter approximately are 0.201 inch) so that when sealing dome 70 is broken by projectile 50, be communicated with aerator housing 34 inside and diffuser pipe 38 fluids inner and sleeve pipe 66.In addition, gas generator 82 is more specifically said, gas generator shell 86 is welded in aperture sleeve 74 to realize interconnecting of aerator housing 34 and gas generator 82.
Gas generator shell 86 holds many fuel pellets 90, and they can provide the jet fuel combustion gas product of heating after lighting, and leads to the flow of gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) in order to enhancing.Fuel pellet 90 remains on gas generator shell 86 the insides by a jet fuel sleeve pipe 94, and this sleeve is kept apart by the gas generator inlet ozzle 98 that a filter screen 104 and baffle plate 100 make it on the end 96 with gas generator shell 86.Such as will be described, jet fuel particle 90 can be made by a kind of gunpowder type jet fuel, and is " smokeless ".But, particle 90 is columnar basically, has an independent eyelet and passes its core.Other jet fuel grain shape may also be suitable for, and this near small part depends on employed specific jet fuel compound method.
One single (or a plurality of) gas generator inlet ozzle 98 (such as, the single ozzle 98 that a diameter is about 0.516 inch) be arranged on above the end 96 of gas generator shell 86, and point to a side who leaves sealing dome 70 substantially.Gas generator shell 86 also comprises the many outlet circumferentially spaced apart of edge on housing 86 sidewalls or discharge nozzle 200 (such as, four ozzles of one " row ", diameter is about 0.221 inch separately) of being positioned at.May wish to change the axial arrangement of these ozzles 200 (they generally can be in the middle part of housing 86), although because the position of more approaching to export can increase many operational computations.Secondly, also may wish to change the quantity of these ozzles 200.Have some discharge nozzle 200 on the sidewall of gas generator shell 86 and having above the end 96 at housing 86 under this structure situation of an inlet ozzle 98, between mouth gas fuel pellet 90 combustion perioies, pressure medium 36 is sucked into gas generator shell 86 by inlet ozzle 98, the miscellaneous gas that comes out from gas generator shell 86 the insides then flows out housing 86 by each ozzle 200, specifically, air-flow along the pressure medium 36 of gas generator shell 86 sidewalls causes a kind of pressure reduction, pressure medium 36 by inlet ozzle 98 inspiration gas generator shells 86.The performance that this has just improved aerator 30 widely is at least in the jet fuel gas that forms some type; To be described in more detail below.
Gas generator 82 comprises an igniting device 114, lights jet fuel particle 90 between being used in due course.Ignition device 114 is gas generator shell 86 the insides between projectile 50 and jet fuel particle 90 at least in part, and generally comprise a driven plunger 124, and at least one percussion fuse 120 and a kind of igniting/ignition material 144 as initiator.More specifically say, one drives guides 140 touches the end of closing aperture sleeve 74 and the interior wall plate of gas generator shell 86, is used to hold at least a portion at least in part and is arranged at driven plunger 124 wherein and is guided thereby drive guides 140.Igniting primer bracket 116 touches and closes an end that drives guides 140 and many percussion fuses commonly used 120 of pressing close to 144 placements of igniting/ignition material are housed.Igniting/ignition material 144 generally is held near the igniting primer 120 by an anther cap 148.A kind of example of suitable igniting/ignition material 144 is that a kind of RDX aluminium matter is ignited material, and its composition is: 89%RDX, 11% aluminium powder, and be added with 0.5% hydroxypropyl cellulose.Collar 108 and baffle plate 112 are arranged between igniting primer bracket 116 and the jet fuel sleeve 94.Be with crimping rather than be connected in welding method under the situation of aperture sleeve 74 that at generation of gas housing 86 gas generator shell 86 can have a kind of trend of elongation during operation.So, in order to keep the firm mutual action of above-mentioned each parts, a wavy spring packing ring (not shown) can be set, such as, between collar 108 and baffle plate 112.
Driven plunger 124 be slidably disposed on drive guides 140 the insides and comprise one substantially with the continuous edge prodger 128 of igniting primer 120 centerings.Be appreciated that a plurality of prodger (not shown) can replace continuous substantially edge prodger 128.One Bei Shi (belleville) packing ring 136 is arranged on to drive between guides 140 and the driven plunger and with the part of the two and engages (via a cushion cover 126), so that originally make driven plunger 124 remain on the position of leaving igniting primer 120.So driven plunger 124 is touched the potential possibility of closing with chance igniting primer 120, that can trigger gas generator and has just been reduced.But, after projectile 50 passed sealing dome 70, the energy of being passed to driven plunger 124 by projectile 50 was enough to overcome Belleville washer 136, thereby projecting edge 128 can touch with sufficient strength and closes quick-fried cartridge bag 120, to light at least one this igniting primer 120.This itself causes lighting igniting/ignition material 144 again, thereby and causes lighting of fuel pellet 90.
During gas generator 82 runnings, igniting primer 120 can weather also thereby the fuel gas that allows to be generated by the burning of jet fuel particle 90 flows through igniting primer 120.The escape of any this mode of fuel gas all may cause harmful effect to the stable performance of aerator 30.But, these gases but desirably act on the driven plunger 124 and promote piston 124 and drive guides 140 and form sealing and touch and close.This just provides a kind of sealing for gas generator shell 86, limits any escape that gas passes housing securely.Thereby jet fuel gas desirably flows through gas generator ozzle 98.
Summarize the running of aerator 30 now.Detector 14 (Fig. 1) sends a signal and gives detonator 46 to promote projectile 50.Originally projectile 50 passes sealing dome 70 to open the passage between aerator housing 34 and gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).Projectile 50 continues to move ahead, and till it bumped against driven plunger 124, this piston made connection projecting edge 128 thereon impact the igniting primer 120 of at least one centering.As a result, igniting/primer 144 is lighted, and itself refires jet fuel particle 90.Between housing 86 the inside combustion perioies, be sucked into gas generator shell 86 by the inlet ozzle 98 that is arranged on housing 86 ends 96 at particle 90 from the pressure medium 36 of aerator housing 34.This is owing to can produce mobile the causing along gas generator shell 86 sidewalls of pressure differential, pressure medium 36." suction " of this pressure medium 36 promoted the blending in housing 86 the insides of jet fuel gas and pressure medium 36, and as will illustrating in more detail, during among oxygen is included in pressure medium 36 and with the jet fuel gas phase reaction of carbonic oxide with big content and hydrogen, this point especially caters to the need.But, all gases is still discharged from gas generator shell 86 via each exhaust nozzle 200 on housing 86 sidewalls.Like this, the air communication of leading to gas/safe capsule is crossed the blending and desirably strengthened (Fig. 1) mutually of pressure medium 36 and the residues of combustion that comes from gas generator shell 86.
Pressure medium 36 as noted before, that hybrid inflator can utilize the compound of jet combustion particle 90 that a kind of gunpowder type jet fuel makes and a kind of at least a unreactable gas and oxygen to form.Gunpowder type jet fuel resembles this employee, is such as high temperature, rich oil jet fuel single, double or that three basic jet fuels are such, and such as LOVA or the such nitramine jet fuel of HELOVA jet fuel.Say that more specifically traditional various gunpowder type jet fuels are those combustion temperatures from about 2500K to about 3800K, and generally greater than about 3000K, and be the jet fuel of rich oil; Because there is not excessive oxygen, these jet fuels can produce quite a large amount of CO and H
2The excessive combustible fitness for purpose supplemental oxygen that comes from these jet fuels perhaps sometimes between 15 and 40 mol percentages, obtains CO to cause between 5 and 25 mol percentages of deposit gas
2And H
2The molecular balance of O.
" tradition " jet fuel particle 90, concrete gunpowder type jet fuel that can be used for hybrid inflator 30 comprises HPC-96, a kind of double-basis, smokeless jet fuel, by weight percentage, its composition is: about 76.6% nitrocellulose, and wherein about 13.25% is nitrogen; About 20.0% nitroglycerin; About 0.6% ethyl centralite; About 1.5% barium nitrate; About 0.9% potassium nitrate; And about 0.4% graphite.HPC-96 can be from the Delaware State, (Hercules, Inc.inWilmington Delaware) buy in the conspicuous Peter Krass company in Wilmington city.Because this specific double-basis fuel comprises nitrocellulose as a kind of main component, it does not meet the standard of present auto-industry for the long term thermal stability, although it can produce desirable impact effect really.
LOVA jet fuel (low infringement property ammunition) and HELOVA jet fuel (high energy, low infringement property ammunition) are another kind of " tradition " gunpowder type jet fuels, also can be used for jet fuel particle 90, such as a kind of M39 LOVA jet fuel, by weight percentage, its composition is: about 76.0% RDX (hexahydro trinitro-triazine); About 12.0% cellulose acetate butyrate; About 4.0% nitrocellulose (12.6% nitrogen); About 7.6% acetyl triethyl citrate; And about 0.4% ethyl centralite.M39 LOVA fuel can be from the Maryland State Indian Hai De city naval ground attack center (the Naval SurfaceWarfare Center in Indiahead, Maxyland) and the Bo Fosi city (Bofors in Europe) in Europe (Sweden) buy, and can under the situation of no excess of oxygen, produce the CO of about 32 mol percentages and the H of 30 mol percentages
2LOVA and HELOVA are better than existing double-basis jet fuel, because they have passed through current american car industry heat stability standard, and the double-basis jet fuel does not have.But, the smooth combustion of LOVA and HELOVA jet fuel needs relative high operating pressure.No matter the characteristic of HPC-96 and LOVA jet fuel how, they can be used to show some principle/characteristic at least of the present invention really.
Because the performance characteristic of gunpowder type jet fuel when forming as jet fuel particle 90, together with a part of using oxygen as pressure medium 36, with present use (such as) (composition of FN1061-10 is: by weight percentage for the 20-30 gram FN1061-10 that can there obtain from the present patent application cessionary, about 7.93% polyvinylchloride, 7.17% dioctyl adipate, 0.05% carbon black, 0.35% stabilizer, 8.5% sodium oxalate, 75% potassium perchlorate, and about 1% lecithin) design is compared, and might reduce gas generator 82 required jet fuel amounts.Such as, generally for can be in order to making the gunpowder type jet fuel of jet fuel particle 90, total particle weight can (passenger one side's condition of service) from about 10 grams to about 12 grams, and preferably be less than about 15 grams.In this case, preferably use the pressure medium 36 of about 150 grams between restraining with about 190, and oxygen in gram-molecule be this medium 36 about 10% to 30% between.More specifically say, using about 169 gram pressure mediums 36, and in mol percentage its 15% when being oxygen, the total weight of jet fuel particle 90 can be about 10.4 grams.Under the condition of service of driver's one side, the amount of desired/needed jet fuel particle 90 can be about 5 grams, and for the application scenario of side aerator, approximately is 1.5 grams.
Compare with above-mentioned FN1061-10 jet fuel preparation, the above-mentioned minimizing of gunpowder type quantity of fuel aspect also can be expressed as the ratio of the weight of pressure medium 36 to the total weight of jet fuel particle 90.With regard to the FN1061-10 jet fuel, the application's cessionary used at present argon (that is, the gas of being laid in, and with to be associated with pressure medium of the present invention 36 corresponding) weight be about 7.04 ratio to the weight of FN1061-10 jet fuel.With regard to using a kind of gunpowder type jet fuel, for being reached, an aerator resembles same output, weight and the size of aerator of using FN1061-10, the weight of pressure medium 36 is from about 10 to about 20 to the ratio of the total weight of jet fuel particle 90, more preferably from about 14 to about 18, and the most preferably greater than about 15.Be appreciated that the jet fuel that use is more fierce, these ratios also can increase, and this can need even jet fuel still less.In this respect, because the output gas of gunpowder type fuel is substantially free of scorching hot particulate matter, aerator just can produce output gas under a certain higher temperature, then can not such as present hybrid inflator.Temperature improves also can make aerator smaller and lighter because than hot gas be comparatively speaking have more expansile.Except above-mentioned, when using gunpowder type jet fuel, generally can realize the minimizing of aerator scantling of structure and weight.Such as, when even to use ratio in an aerator be 7.04 gunpowder type jet fuel, can obtain and same output under the situation of the FN1061-10 that uses same ratio, but be to use the aerator of gunpowder type jet fuel can be lighter and little by about 50% than the aerator that uses FN1061-10.Ratio 7.04 can be used for the use occasion and the side aerator of driver's one side in the above described manner equally well.
Compare with above-mentioned FN1061-10 jet fuel preparation, the above-mentioned minimizing of gunpowder type jet fuel quantitative aspects also can be expressed as the ratio of the mole number of all gas output (that is, jet fuel gas and pressure medium 36 comprehensive) to the total weight of jet fuel particle 90.With regard to FN1061-10, the application's cessionary has used a kind of ratio of the such output gas mole number of about 0.192 mole number/every gram jet fuel to jet fuel weight at present.Under the contrast, and generally be used for having same output at gunpowder type jet fuel, under the situation of an aerator of weight and size, output gas mole number can be from the every gram jet fuel of about 0.35 mole number to the every gram jet fuel of about 0.6 mole number to the ratio of jet fuel particle 90 total weightes, more preferably from the every gram jet fuel of about 0.4 mole number to the every gram jet fuel of about 0.5 mole number, and the every gram jet fuel of about 0.5 mole number.As mentioned above, for use gunpowder type jet fuel and even to use ratio be the hybrid inflator of 0.192 mole number/every gram jet fuel, the aerator output is the same with the output of the hybrid inflator that uses FN1061-10, but the weight and the size of gunpowder type jet fuel hybrid inflator all reduce about 50%.
Multiple gases can be at least a gunpowder type jet fuel ingredients as pressure medium 36 and is used for jet fuel particle 90 condition is provided.Generally, pressure medium 36 is made up of at least a unreactable gas and oxygen.Suitable unreactable gas comprises argon, nitrogen, helium and neon, and is preferential with argon.The oxygen of pressure medium partly is multi-functional.Originally, the reaction of the combustion product of the gunpowder type jet fuel of oxygen and jet fuel particle 90 can provide and help the thermal source that unreactable gas expands.This point provides condition for reducing gas generator 82 required jet fuel amounts at least in part.Secondly, the reaction of oxygen and jet fuel residues of combustion can also be reduced to the acceptable level to any existing jet fuel gas toxic level.Such as, oxygen can be preferentially quite most existing carbonic oxide change into carbon dioxide (such as, the CO about at least 85% changes CO into
2) and existing hydrogen change water vapour into (such as, H about at least 80%
2Change H into
2O), and quite a few unburned hydro-carbon will be eliminated equally (such as, eliminate about at least 75% hydro-carbon).The performance of like this, above-mentioned gas generator 82 just is improved widely.That is, medium 36, and comprising oxygen, the pressure reduction by means of the sidewall that has the gas generator shell 86 of nipple 200 because of pressure medium on 36 along its flows and causes is introduced into gas generator shell 86 by the inlet ozzle 98 on the end 96 of housing 86.As a result, the CO and the rich hydrogen burning product generation blending of medium 36 and gas generant have improved the blending of total combustion efficiency, gas generant residues of combustion and oxygen enrichment medium 36 of gas generant and the burning velecity of jet fuel particle widely.All gases is sucked out the exhaust nozzle 200 on housing 86 sidewalls subsequently.The said structure of gas generator shell 86 thus improved widely aerator 30 performance (such as, by promote oxygen and jet fuel gas fast with effectively mix).
The amount of at least a unreactable gas, in gram-molecule, generally between about 70% and about 90%, and amount of oxygen, in gram-molecule, generally between about 10% and about 30%.But, as mentioned above, pressure medium can comprise in from about 70% to about 92% inert fluid of gram-molecule and from about 8% to about 30% oxygen.Generally, preferably use above the determined amount of oxygen of the theoretical conversion of foundation.But, generally preferably in output gas (that is, jet fuel gas and pressure medium comprehensively), do not have oxygen more than about 20% (gram-molecule meter).
Aerator 30 can be assembled in the following manner.Originally, assembling gas generator 82 is as follows: 1) baffle plate 100 and filter screen 104 are embedded gas generator shell 86, near discharge end 96; 2) jet fuel sleeve 94 is embedded gas generator shell 86; 3) jet fuel particle 90 is placed on jet fuel sleeve 94 the insides; 4) baffle plate 112 and collar 108 embedded gas generator shells 86, near jet fuel sleeve 94 with producer discharge end 96 relative ends; 5) igniting primer holder 116, together with igniting/ignition material 144 and gunpowder cover 148, the gas generator shell 86 of packing into; 6) embed gas generator shell 86 driving guides 140, Belleville washer 136 and driven plunger 124.After this, each parts is coupled together, such as: gas generator shell 86 is welded in aperture sleeve 74, diffuser 38 after being inserted diffuser 38, projectile 50 and detonator 46 is welded in sleeve pipe 66, sealing dome 70 is welded between sleeve pipe 66 and the aperture sleeve 74, and sleeve pipe 66 is welded in aerator housing 34.Under the intact situation of said structure, pressure medium 36 can be sent into aerator housing 34.In this respect and under the situation of multiple gases, argon gas and oxygen can send into respectively by the end plug 42 that is welded in aerator housing 34 ends (such as, send into argon gas and/or other unreactable gas earlier, send into oxygen then, perhaps opposite) aerator housing 34, perhaps send into the premix state.
Below each example various characteristics that can further assist to illustrate and in hybrid inflator, use gunpowder type jet fuel to be associated.
Example 1
Above-mentioned HPC-96 jet fuel once was used to make the jet fuel particle 90 with 18 gram total weightes.Each jet fuel particle 90 has the form that is shown in Fig. 2 substantially, and length or thickness approximately are 0.52 inch, and external diameter approximately is 0.29 inch, and wall thickness (half of the difference of the inner and outer diameter of jet fuel particle 90) approximately is 0.105 inch.Have following characteristic when in addition, the HPC-96 jet fuel is lighted under having the situation of air: thrust is 363,493 foot-pound/pounds (ft-lbs/lbs); The blast heat is 1.062 calories per gram; Tv is 3490K; Molecular weight gas is 26.7 gram/gram-molecules; Specific heat ratio (specific heat ratio) is 1.2196; And solid-state density is 1.65 gram/cm3s.Gas composition, theory calculating and the supposition formed according to standard are being expanded to the gunpowder combusting under pressure of bar pressure; In mol percentage, be: about 26.5% carbonic oxide; About 19.1% water; About 26.2% carbon dioxide; About 13.7% nitrogen; About 14.2% hydrogen, and other all gases of about 0,3%.
When HPC-96 jet fuel particle 90 stood Ta Liani in the industrial standard (Taliani) heat stability testing under 120 ℃ of temperature, particle 90 began variable color and lighted in about 5 hours in about 40 minutes.This point has lowered the HPC-96 jet fuel and has been used for jet fuel particle 90 and desirability, because a kind of current industrial standard requires: a kind of jet fuel that is used for the inflatable safety system must not be degenerated in being exposed under 107 ℃ of temperature, during 400 hours significantly, and this kind jet fuel can be lighted when being exposed to its spontaneous combustion temperature subsequently.But, the HPC-96 jet fuel can show some principle of the present invention really, so be included in this.
With respect to HPC-96 jet fuel particle 90, about 169 gram pressure mediums 36 offer aerator housing 34, and in mol percentage, oxygen by about 5% and about 95% argon gas are formed.Aerator 30 has four apertures 78 on aperture sleeve 74, the diameter of each approximately is 0.266 inch, and the diameter of gas generator ozzle 98 approximately is 0.469 inch.Any exhaust nozzle 200 is not set on the sidewall of gas generator shell 86.Like this, during operating, be sucked into gas generator 82, and all dischargings all are process ozzles 98 without any pressure medium 36.
At aerator 30 on period, the pressure variation of aerator housing 34 the insides is similar to that shown in Figure 3, and the pressure of 100 liters of air bottle the insides that are communicated with aerator 30 fluids is similar to that shown in Figure 4, and the pressure of general proxy gas/safe capsule 18 the insides forms.The gas output of aerator 30 comprises, by weight percentage, and about 1.2% carbonic oxide, about 1.5% carbon dioxide, the hydrogen greater than about 2%, and the about NOx of 60ppm.Thereby, use argon gas to compare the content that has reduced carbonic oxide and hydrogen widely with the theoretical gas output of above-mentioned HPC-96 jet fuel with aforementioned proportion with oxygen.In this example, do not use radial hole, only used independent gas generator outlet.
Example 2
The process of example 1 gives repetition, but the HPC-96 jet fuels of 10.4 grams are used for particle 90, and uses the pressure mediums 36 of about 164.4 grams, and its composition divides hundred numbers to be in gram-molecule: about 15% oxygen and about 85% argon gas.When driving with this jet fuel 90, the performance curve of aerator 30 is shown in Fig. 3 and 4, and aerator 30 structures are designed in the mode that illustrates in the example 1.Secondly, the gas output of aerator 30 in mol percentage, comprising: about 2.4% carbon dioxide, approximately 1000ppm carbonic oxide, approximately 70ppm NOx, approximately 38ppm NO
2, and about 0ppm hydrogen.So along with amount of oxygen 5% is increased to 15% from example, carbonic oxide quantity has reduced widely, and NO and NO
2Significantly do not increase.In addition, this is also for using considerably less jet fuel that condition is provided.
Example 3
The process of example 1 gives repetition twice, uses 10.4 gram HPC-96 and 169.0 gram pressure mediums 36, and the latter comprises in mol percentage: about 15% oxygen and about 85% argon gas.The performance curve of aerator 30 is similar to Fig. 3-4 those shown, and aerator 30 structures are designed in the mode that illustrates in the example 1.Secondly, the gas output of aerator 30 comprises: being respectively the carbonic oxide of about 1000ppm and 800ppm, is respectively about 1.0% and 1.2% carbon dioxide, is respectively the NOx of about 60ppm and 50ppm, and is respectively the NO of about 23ppm and 20 ppm
2So, amount of oxygen be increased to 15% and the minimizing of HPC-96 quantity reduced carbonic oxide quantity, and for NO and NO
2There is not remarkable influence.Secondly, amount of oxygen increases to and uses less jet fuel that condition is provided.
As noted above, originally two kinds of existing " tradition " gunpowder type jet fuels once were considered for this occasion-traditional double-base powder jet fuel (gun propellant) and low infringement property nitramine (LOVA) gunpowder jet fuel.When using traditional double-base powder jet fuel, systemic-function as expected, but can by for long term storage (such as, following 400 hours at 107 ℃) industrial standard.When using LOVA gunpowder jet fuel, system performance is unsafty after measured, unless jet fuel high pressure very (such as, surpass 9000 pounds/sq in) burning down, this has just increased weight, cost and the complexity of device.Generally, the operating pressure that is used for aerator preferably is not more than about 4000 pounds/sq in.Owing to do not have a kind of existing jet fuel can be used for this occasion satisfactorily under these conditions, once develop a kind of new jet fuel compound method, constituted the jet fuel that a new class jet fuel-a kind of combines the storage characteristic of the impact characteristics of double-basis jet fuel (under low pressure light a fire and burn good) and nitramine LOVA jet fuel (storage is functional after 400 hours down at 107 ℃).This class jet fuel will be referred to as hybrid jet fuel.
The gunpowder type jet fuel that heat is steady, the jet fuel of nitrocellulose formula not resemble HPC-96, in order to making jet fuel particle 90 time, comprise a kind of secondary explosive (secondaryexplosive), that is a kind of nitramine (RDX) under LOVA jet fuel situation.Other suitable secondary explosive that can be used to make jet fuel particle 90 comprises another kind of nitramine, that is HMX (cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine), and PETN (pentaerythrite tetranitrate) and TAGN (nitric acid triaminoguanidine).Following table 1 provides some combustion characteristic of RDX, HMX and PETN secondary explosive.
Table 1
| Type | Flame temperature (K) (under the 3000 pounds/sq in of gram) | The excessive O of burning gases percentage by weight that produces 2(gram-molecule %) |
| RDX | ????????3348 | ????33％??N 2????25％??CO ????23％??H 2O ????9％???H 2????8％???CO 2All the other other |
| HMX | ????????3340 | ????33％??N 2????25％??CO ????23％??H 2O ????9％???H 2????8％???CO 2All the other other |
Table 1 (continuing)
| Type | Flame temperature (K) (under the 3000 pounds/sq in of gram) | The excessive O of burning gases percentage by weight that produces 2(gram-molecule %) |
| PETN | ??????????3444 | ????19.5％??CO ????17％????N 2????3％?????H 2????30％????H 2O ????24％????CO 2 |
Generally, for the desirable combination that obtains a kind of specific impact characteristics and long term thermal stability (such as, figure for a kind of long-term aging characteristic or long term thermal stability of impact characteristics and a kind of LOVA jet fuel of double-basis jet fuel), a kind of secondary explosive can combine with a kind of adhesion substance as the batching of jet fuel particle 90 (above indication " hybrid jet fuel).Refer to one or more cmpds that make an addition to jet fuel at this employed term " adhesion substance ", be used to change physics, chemistry and/or the impact property of jet fuel.Available adhesion substance comprise those include be selected from adhesives, plasticizer, stabilizer, opacifier, with and the colony that formed of various combination in the material of additives for jet fuel.
The various hybrid jet fuel that is used for the jet fuel particle 90 of hybrid inflator 30 have good impact characteristics (that is, burning velecity under relatively low operating pressure and combustion temperature), and have up-to-standard long-time stability (such as, a kind of commerical test of assessing long-time stability is that the sample of quantity sufficient withstands the exposure of the lasting 400 hour time of temperature of (misfiring) 107 ℃ on the statistics).Another kind of test is that aerator stands 100 ℃ temperature, the exposure that continues 400 hours does not produce unacceptable performance loss (this is generally by client's formulation/regulation).Especially, the jet fuel particle of being made by a kind of hybrid jet fuel 90 is under the combustion temperature from about 2000K to about 3800K, burn down with the speed from about 0.1 inch per second (0.25 cel) to about 1 inch per second (2.5 cel) and at about 4000 pounds/sq in (27.6MPa) or lower operating pressure (pressure of gas generator shell 84 the insides).More preferably, the jet fuel particle of being made by a kind of hybrid jet fuel 90 is under the combustion temperature from about 2000K to about 3800K, burn with the speed from about 0.3 inch per second (0.76 cel) to about 0.5 inch per second (1.26 cel) and under about 4000 pounds/sq in (27.6MPa) or lower operating pressure.
Generally speaking, hybrid jet fuel is formed certain secondary explosive and certain adhesion substance from about 10 percentage by weights to about 50 percentage by weights that comprises from about 50 percentage by weights to about 90 percentage by weights.Relatively be typically, these jet fuels are formed certain secondary explosive and certain adhesion substance from about 20 percentage by weights to about 40 percentage by weights that comprises from about 60 percentage by weights to about 80 percentage by weights.Preferably, jet fuel is formed certain specific secondary explosive and certain adhesion substance from about 20 percentage by weights to about 30 percentage by weights that comprises from about 70 percentage by weights to about 80 percentage by weights.Other various additives and unavoidable impurities also may be present among these jet fuel compositions with minor amount (that is, to be less than the amount of about 5 percentage by weights of composite).
Typically, a kind of resin adhesive can be a part that is used for the adhesion substance that the hybrid jet fuel of jet fuel particle 90 forms.Almost the adhesives that dissolves in usual vehicle (that is acetone, low alcohol, etc.) of any kind all can use.But, general hope, this kind adhesives is a kind of activity or energy-rich compound.That is, preferably a kind of adhesives that under above-mentioned predetermined combustion temperature and operating pressure, is easy to burn of this adhesives.In addition, when a kind of adhesives uses in conjunction with a kind of plasticizer, wish that certainly this adhesives is compatible with this plasticizer.Be applicable to that the general adhesives in the jet fuel compositions includes, but are not limited to: CA (cellulose acetate), CAB (cellulose acetate butyrate), EC (ethyl cellulose), and PVA (polyvinyl acetate).Some other adhesives that is applicable to one or more aspects related to the present invention comprises: CAP (cellulose acetate propionate), azide polymer, dibutene, poly-butadiene hydride, polyurethane and its combination.The indication azide polymer is a kind of homopolymer and the copolymer that comprises monomer, this monomer is selected from the colony that following material is formed: GA (glycidyl azide) monomer, BAMO (3, two (azido methyl) epoxypropane of 3-) monomer, and AMMO (azido methyl methyl epoxypropane) monomer.In addition, GAP (a kind of poly-mer of high energy glycidyl azide) can be used as a kind of adhesive component, thereby it is strong than CA basically to blaze up.It is desirable so only using with a kind of secondary explosive as adhesives with GAP.But, because the greatest differences aspect cost between present GAP and the CA, a kind of hybrid jet fuel is formed can both comprise that GAP also comprised these two kinds of adhesive components of CA.
Some plasticizer also can be parts that is used for the adhesion substance that the hybrid jet fuel of jet fuel particle 90 forms.As noted, plasticizer should be compatible with adhesives.Secondly, a kind of squeezable adhesion substance is used in general hope.Have again,, wish to use the high energy plasticizer, just those plasticizer that can smooth combustion in above-mentioned each service temperature and range of pressure at least for some secondary explosive (such as nitramine).Available high energy plasticizer comprises, but be not limited to, those are selected from the plasticizer of the colony that various nitrate plasticizer are formed, these plasticizer have: TMETN (trimethoxy-ethane nitrate), BTTN (BTTN), and the plasticizer of TEGDN (triethylene glycol (TEG) dinitrate) and glycidyl azide and, and BDNPA/F (two (2, the 2-dinitrophenyl) acetal/formal) such as some other such cmpd of NG (nitroglycerin).The another kind of plasticizer that can be suitable for one or more aspects related to the present invention comprises ATEC (acetate triethyl citrate).
Some stabilizers also can be included among the adhesion substance of the hybrid jet fuel composition that is used for jet fuel particle 90.Such as, some adhesives and/or will decompose under being exposed to some temperature the time such as the such plasticizer of above-mentioned nitrate plasticizer, and may influence the lighting of jet fuel particle 90 (that is in the time of under being exposed to some temperature, the pyrolysis of nitrate plasticizer is to temperature that igniting takes place).So, some stabilizers can be included among the hybrid jet fuel composition, their can " react " with the adhesives of pyrolysis and/or plasticizer and keeps stable (such as, reduce the potential possibility of jet fuel premature firing), thus and improve the long-time stability that hybrid jet fuel is formed.Such as, under the situation of certain nitrate plasticizer, some available stabilizers that are used for the jet fuel composition comprise that those are active substances, also are the stabilizers of nitrate acceptor.Some suitable stabilizers comprise, but are not limited to ethyl centralite (all diethyl diphenyl ureas), DPA (diphenylamine) and resorcinol.
A kind of have needed impact characteristics and provide about the hybrid jet fuel of the abundant demonstration of suitable long-time stability form the combination that comprises nitramine secondary explosive RDX (six hydrogen trinitro-triazines) and a kind of adhesion substance, this adhesion substance comprises adhesive C A (cellulose acetate), plasticizer TMETN (trimethoxy-ethane trinitrate) and stabilizer EC (ethyl centralite).Generally, this hybrid jet fuel is formed RDX, the CA from about 5 percentage by weights to about 15 percentage by weights, the TMETN from about 5 percentage by weights to about 15 percentage by weights and the EC that is not more than about 2 percentage by weights that can comprise about at least 70 percentage by weights.These general relative populations provide required impact and long-term aging characteristic for this hybrid jet fuel.Jet fuel particle 90 but, will be understood that, if will be made essential refinement each relative quantity in institute's how of possibility according to this composition with the extruding way.For one or more aspects related to the present invention, this jet fuel can comprise the RDX (six hydrogen trinitro-triazines) of about 70 percentage by weights, a kind of from about 5 percentage by weights to the CA (cellulose acetate) of about 15 percentage by weights and among GAP (poly-mer of glycidyl azide) from about 5 percentage by weights to about 15 percentage by weights and the ATEC (acetate triethyl citrate).Comprise that at adhesion substance the ratio of each dosage preferably is successively in the compound under the occasion of compound of a kind of adhesives, a kind of plasticizer and a kind of stabilizer: from about 5 to about 30 percentage by weights, from zero to about 20 percentage by weights and from zero to 5 percentage by weights.
The hybrid jet fuel that another kind has needed impact characteristics and fully demonstrates suitable long-time stability is formed and is comprised: have a kind of nitramine secondary explosive RDX that comprises the adhesion substance of adhesive C A and GAP (poly-mer of glycidyl azide), and a kind of suitable plasticizer (such as, GAP plasticizer, TMETN, ATEC and its various combinations).Generally, this mixed type jet fuel form comprise from least about 70wt% and generally the about RDX between 70wt% and the 80wt%, CA and GAP from about 5wt% to about 15wt% from about 5wt% to about 15wt% and approximately 5wt% to the about plasticizer of 15wt%.These relative quantities substantially mixed type jet fuel for this reason provide needed impact and long-term aging characteristic.But, will be understood that,, may need refinement these relative populations in institute's how if jet fuel particle 90 is made with pressing method according to this composition.
Here under the situation of the various hybrid jet fuels of Pi Luing, as under the situation of above-mentioned double-basis and LOVA jet fuel, can produce between combustion period a large amount of carbonic oxides and hydrogen (such as, 35% CO and 19% H
2).Moreover carbonic oxide and these two kinds of gases of hydrogen of generating by a kind of aerator jet fuel that burns can be unacceptable for automobile inflating device safety system generally.But, when the hybrid jet fuel of these types is used among the hybrid inflator 30, then just like above-mentioned, pressure medium 36 comprises oxygen, thereby a big chunk carbonic oxide and hydrogen (such as, 95%) between combustion period or as part after-combustion reaction, change harmless carbon dioxide and water vapour into.The oxygen that use is stocked is especially suitable, because this need not comprise certain source of oxygen (such as, potassium perchlorate) in hybrid jet fuel is formed.Secondly, especially suitable at the burning gases of the jet fuel that is produced and high fever reaction between the hydrogen of being stocked, because this can improve the calorific value of jet fuel, thereby reduced the jet fuel amount that need be used for making gas/safe capsule expansion as far as possible.
These hybrid jet fuels, when being mixed with jet fuel particle 90 and packing hybrid inflator 30 into, can be used according to above quantity, and be comprised above every details that relative populations provided particularly about jet fuel particle 90 and pressure medium 36 about gunpowder type jet fuel defined.Secondly, the relative populations that is used for the oxygen of pressure medium 36 and a kind of unreactable gas also can situation with each disclosed hybrid jet fuel here among.
Below each example further help to illustrate the appropriate characteristics that the various hybrid jet fuel that comprises certain secondary explosive and certain adhesion substance is formed.As noted, all " wt% " that mention all refer to percentage by weight.
Example 4
A kind of hybrid jet fuel compositions, comprise: the RDX (six hydrogen trinitro-triazines) of about at least 70wt%, CA (cellulose acetate), TMETN (trimethoxy-ethane trinitrate) from about 5wt% to about 15wt% from about 5wt% to about 15wt%, and the ethyl centralite that is not more than about 2wt%, being produced and being processed into average density approximately is the cylindrical shape particle of 1.7132 gram/cm3s.One 10 gram samples are placed among the heavy wall bullet chamber and are injected into a jar.The combustion temperature of sample is about 2578K, and has up-to-standard impact characteristics (that is under the pressure of 4000 pounds/sq in (27.6MPa), rate of burning is 0.47 inch per second (1.18 cel)).Generally, performance curve substantially near shown in Fig. 3-4 like that.The gas that is generated comprises about 36% carbonic oxide, about 24% nitrogen, about 19% hydrogen, about 16% water vapour, and about 5% carbon dioxide.The long term thermal stability of this composite through assessment and mensuration be up-to-standard (be exposed in 107 ℃ the temperature 400 hours such as, jet fuel itself and and unignited; Jet fuel is contained among the hybrid inflator, be exposed in 107 ℃ the temperature after 400 hours and unignited, and after this one when this jet fuel of triggering, the performance of aerator is not subjected to the influence of this furnace run basically).
Example 5
A kind of jet fuel compositions, comprise: the RDX (six hydrogen trinitro-triazines) of about at least 70wt%, cellulose acetate from about 5wt% to about 15wt%, and the GAP (poly-mer of glycidyl azide) from about 5wt% to about 15wt%, being prepared and be processed into average density is the cylindrical shape particle of about 1.6857 gram/cm3s.One 10 gram samples are seated among the heavy wall bullet chamber and are injected into a jar.The combustion temperature of sample is about 2357K, and has up-to-standard impact characteristics (that is under the pressure of 4000 pounds/sq in (27.6MPa), rate of burning is 0.48 inch per second (1.18 cel)).Generally, performance curve is substantially near person shown in Fig. 3-4.The waste gas that is generated comprises about 37% carbonic oxide, about 25% hydrogen, about 25% nitrogen, about 10% water vapour and about 3% carbon dioxide.The long term thermal stability is up-to-standardly (to be exposed in 107 ℃ the temperature 400 hours such as, jet fuel itself, and unignited through assessment and mensuration; Jet fuel is contained among the hybrid inflator, be exposed in 107 ℃ the temperature after 400 hours, and unignited, and after this one when triggering this aerator, its feature is not subjected to the influence of this furnace run basically).
Another performance statement that can be used for the jet fuel of one or more aspects related to the present invention comprises: Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (hexogen) (RDX), by weight from about 1 to 99 part; Octogen (octogen) (HMX), by weight from about 1 to 99 part; And a kind of adhesives, with 100 parts Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine and octogen summation are mixed mutually by weight.From 5 to 50 parts by weight in this adhesives.Preferably, pointed jet fuel comprises by weight from 80 to 95 parts Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and by weight from about 5 to 20 parts octogen (HMX).
Above-mentioned jet fuel can be used for such as described the sort of hybrid inflator herein.Have, a hybrid inflator generally comprises one and adding of a kind of gas-pressurized sky, of calming the anger is housed gas generating chamber, igniting device and a rupture disk of jet fuel are housed again.Gas-pressurized is made up of a kind of unreactable gas and oxygen basically.Jet fuel such as the deceleration of certain size light by ignition device when taking place, and blaze up with generate the gaseous products that reacts with oxygen (such as, carbonic oxide and hydrogen).Oxygen in carbonic oxide and hydrogen and the gas-pressurized reacts, and generates carbon dioxide and water vapour, increases the pressure in the gas generating chamber simultaneously.Subsequently, rupture disk is opened, and carbon dioxide, water vapour and unreactable gas are supplied with gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).Gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) is inflated.
Above-mentioned jet fuel also comprises Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), octogen (HMX) and a kind of adhesives.From 1 to 99 part and from 1 to 99 part by weight by weight of the content difference of RDX and HMX.Preferably, the content of RDX and HMX difference is from 80 to 95 parts and from 5 to 20 parts by weight by weight.A kind of adhesives is with 100 parts the Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine and the summation of octogen are mixed from 5 to 50 parts by weight in adhesives mutually by weight.
Suitably the typical adhesive of using with above-mentioned jet fuel comprises, but is not limited to: polyurethane (PU); Cellulose derivative is such as ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), poly-butadiene, such as hydroxyl end poly-butadiene (hydroxy-terminated polybutadien) (HTPB); The diglycidyl acid polymer is such as nitric acid ethylene oxidic ester polymer (polyglyn); The azide poly-mer is such as the poly-mer (GAP) of glycidyl azide; And 3-nitro methyl-3-methyl-ethyl oxide (oxethane) poly-mer (polynimmo).Preferably cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and/or glycidyl are folded amic poly-mer (GAP).
Above-mentioned jet fuel can comprise a kind of additive, is selected from the colony that is made up of a kind of plasticizer, a kind of stabilizer and its combination.Plasticizer can be selected from the colony that is made up of following each material; be TMETN (trimethoxy-ethane trinitrate); BTTN (three nitric acid fourths, three esters); TEGDN (dinitric acid triglyceride (triethylen glycol dinitrate)); the glycidyl azide, NG (nitroglycerin), BDNPA/F (two (2; acetal/formal), and ATEC (acetyl group ETHYL CTTRATE) 2-dinitro propyl group).
Some stabilizers can be used for above-mentioned jet fuel, and they comprise ethyl centralite, diphenylamine, resorcinol, akaldite II, amylalcohol, urea and petroleum ointment.
Plasticizer preferably adds to by weight in from 0 to 30 part scope by weight altogether among 100 parts RDX, HMX and the adhesives.The content of stabilizer preferably adds to by weight in from 0 to 5 part scope by weight altogether among 100 parts RDX, HMX and the adhesives.Above-mentioned jet fuel can be made powder, particle and pill shape, preferably pill shape.
Many examples of above-mentioned jet fuel compositions provide as follows.
Example 6
Below various materials be mixed with each other and make pill, insert a hybrid inflator then, it comprises a pressurized air chamber, a gas generating chamber, an igniting device and a rupture disk.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce KCL smog.
68 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
8 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 16 parts by weight.
Example 7
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
72 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
4 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 8
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
64 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
12 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 9
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
75 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
1 part by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 10
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
1 part by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
75 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 11
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
38 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
38 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
The poly-mer of glycidyl azide (GAP) is 12 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 12
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
68 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
8 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
12 parts by weight of the poly-mers of glycidyl azide (GAP)
The ethyl centralite is 2 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 13
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
68 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
8 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
12 parts by weight of the poly-mers of glycidyl azide (GAP)
Trimethoxy-ethane trinitrate (TMETN) is 20 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
Example 14
Below various materials mix mutually and make pill, insert the identical hybrid inflator of structure and example 6 then.This hybrid inflator is triggered.As a result, do not produce any smog.
68 parts by weight of Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX)
8 parts by weight of octogen (HMX)
12 parts by weight of cellulose acetate butyrates (CAB)
12 parts by weight of the poly-mers of glycidyl azide (GAP)
20 parts by weight of trimethoxy-ethane trinitrates (TMETN)
The ethyl centralite is 2 parts of notes by weight: being added on by weight, 100 parts RDX and the adhesives among the HMX (CAB and GAP) content are about 32 parts by weight.
As mentioned above, this hybrid inflator does not produce KCL smog after triggering, can use the jet fuel that comprises Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, octogen and adhesives to make.
Another embodiment that can be used in a kind of hybrid inflator among the inflatable safety system of Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 5-7.At first with reference to Fig. 5, hybrid inflator 202 comprises that one generally is that columnar gas generator 208 and one generally are columnar deposit gas housings 204, and this housing is provided with one heart and interconnects with gas generator 208 in a suitable manner around gas generator 208.Generally, deposit gas housing 204 (the 3rd chambers) hold certain suitable pressure medium, and gas generator 208 holds the particle 258 of certain suitable jet fuel.The major advantage of aerator 202 is, its structure can realize closing the regional rapid pressurization of dome (it has completely cut off flowing between aerator 202 and the gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1)) near the second sealing dome 290 or primary seal, because fluid pressure acts directly on the second sealing dome 290 it " is opened ".Another main advantages of aerator 202 this structures is that it provides condition for the various jet fuel gases that jet fuel particle 258 is produced with pressure medium abundant " mixing " when lighting a fire after-combustion.So aerator 202 is particularly suitable for the composite with above-mentioned various gunpowder type jet fuels and/or hybrid jet fuel, together with a kind of polycomponent pressure medium (such as, a kind of component is an oxygen, and another component is at least a unreactable gas) use together.That is, the structure of aerator 202 be various jet fuel gases and/or since light all gases that jet fuel particle 258 produced (such as because all gases that burning produced of the following igniting that will illustrate/ignitions material 240) provide condition with the economic combustion of pressure medium with the effect of enhancing inflatable safety system 10 (Fig. 1).This secondary combustion has further increased aerator 202 and has filled the rapid pressure capacity of charge flow to gas/safe capsule (Fig. 1).
First housing 216 of gas generator shell 212 limits one first chamber 254, is arranged on and is adjacent to and is centered in vertically detonator 228.First chamber 254 of gas generator shell 212 mainly holds jet fuel particle 258, and they produce various jet fuel gases lead to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) with increase air-flow after lighting.Thereby first chamber 254 also has a kind of feature of jet fuel trailing comb camber.In order to assist to light jet fuel particle 258, can be between detonator 228 and jet fuel particle 258, with detonator 228 outlets centrally put mutually certain suitable igniting/ignition material 240 (such as, a kind of RDX/ aluminium is ignited material, composition with a kind of 89wt%RDX, 11wt% aluminium powder, the hydroxypropyl cellulose that may be added with 0.5wt% to 5.0wt% is to replace 0.5wt% to 5.0wt%RDX and aluminium powder in proportion).The resultant of reaction of lighting igniting/all gases that ignition material 240 produces will illustrate as following, because of can chemically fill into characteristic with the pressure medium quick adding pressure type air-flow that further strengthens aerator 202 that reacts.One suitable ignition anther cap 244 or analogue hold igniting/ignition material 240 (generally being powder or dry flexible pipe form) thus can suitably be fixed on the detonator pipe reducer 224 and/or first housing 216 the end (such as, via weld seam 248 be held in reducing connect totally 244 and housing 216 between).First chamber 254 also can comprise a filter screen 266 or an analogue, so that as described below at certain the big or small particulate material that blocks during to the various jet fuel gas of second chamber 324 discharging from first chamber 254 wherein.The capacity of the deposit gas housing 204 of aerator 202 is set greater than the capacity of second chamber 324.
First chamber 254 generally is communicated with deposit gas housing 204 fluids by at least one venting aperture or perforate 262 (in the illustrated embodiment being two), so that a certain amount of pressure medium also is comprised in first chamber, 254 the insides under static state.In the illustrated embodiment, (that is, rise from central longitudinal axis 220 and with respect to the radius stretching, extension of axis 220 arranged perpendicular along one) radially stretches in venting aperture 262.Use the size in air bleed hole 262 and selected venting aperture 262 and/or quantity can be used for the performance of " setting " aerator 202.
When using at least one venting aperture 262, light a certain amount of jet fuel gas flow that is generated after the jet fuel particle 258 and can rush at deposit gas housing 204.State in the use various types of jet fuels (such as, gunpowder type, hybrid) and pressure medium (such as, the compound of a kind of oxygen and inert fluid (at least a unreactable gas)) under the situation, certain secondary combustion of various jet fuel gases can take place in deposit gas housing 204, that is further burning.Can adopt some jet fuel gas is guided into deposit gas housing 204 obtaining the leading to required output or the rafting amount of gas/safe capsule 18 from first chamber 254, that is obtain needed gas/safe capsule speed of expansion.Specifically, preferably will illustrate as following, with in adequate time, can keep enter second chamber 324 from deposit gas housing 204 flow basically a kind of speed of unmodified come to provide jet fuel gas to deposit gas housing 204.Generally, just a small part of the jet fuel gas that is produced need during operating, flow into deposit gas housing 204 with realize expected result (such as, be no more than about 40 (40%) percent, and be more typically, be no more than about 30 (30%) percent jet material spray gas flow and be introduced into deposit gas housing 204).
Even when using a plurality of venting aperture 262, the increase of laying in pressure among the gas housing 204 after lighting the jet fuel particle is also significantly less than many industrial hybrids.That is, usually with light the remarkable pressure increase that jet fuel particle 358 is associated and be limited to gas generator 208 basically.Thereby " intensity " requirement of deposit gas housing 204 can reduce.This just uses thin wall thickness and/or light material that condition is provided for deposit gas housing 204, and this two aspect all can make the weight of aerator 202 reduce.
Come from the jet fuel gas of first chamber 254 main flow (such as, at least total jet fuel gas flow of about 50 (50%) percent, and generally about at least 70 (70%) percent) lead to second chamber 324 (, being called " afterburner " owing to following reason) that second housing 278 by gas generator shell 212 is limited.At least one afterburner ozzle or vacuum noz(zle) 274 (one first connected entrance) make the air-flow (mainly being jet fuel gas) from first chamber 254 enter second chamber 324 and thereby form needed fluid and be communicated with.Afterburner ozzle 274 can seating first housing 216 in-to-ins, one shoulder 270 and in a suitable manner first housing 216 and second housing 278 are interconnected (such as, in the welding of weld seam 250 places) be placed in before among first housing.
In the illustrated embodiment, an end seat of second housing 278 of gas generator shell 212 is put afterburner adapter substitute 282 the insides that have at least one gas generator outlet 286 thereon.One O shape circle 328 can be used between second housing 278 and the adapter substitute 282 to guarantee the suitable seal interface.Afterburner adapter substitute 282 be fixed in a suitable manner (such as, be welded on weld seam 308 places) lining 294, this lining be fixed in a suitable manner again subsequently (such as, be welded in weld seam 312 places) deposit gas housing 204, the two all preferably reaches airtight sealing, because second chamber fills a large amount of static pressure mediums.In order in a suitable manner pressure medium to be remained on aerator 202 the insides until the need usefulness time, one second sealing dome 290 is set between the end of afterburner adapter substitute 282 and lining 294 and thereby holds by weld seam 308.
Be communicated with fluid between second chamber 324 based on first chamber 254, because the jet fuel gas that burning produced of jet fuel particle 258, and lighting the gas that is produced thereby being admitted to second chamber (afterburner) 324 at least in part owing to igniting/ignition material 240.Because rapid pressure wherein increases and controlled in the manner as described below, second rupture disk 290 is carved in due course and is broken, so that enters diffuser 298 from the air-flow of aerator 202, enters gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) subsequently.In order to guarantee the output of no thrust relatively for air/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1), diffuser 298 adopts many diffusing openings 300.One diffuser filter screen 304 also can be contained in diffuser 298 the insides with certain particulate matter of blocking aerator 202 the insides and/or further promote jet fuel gas and pressure medium is leading to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) mixing/reaction before.
Second chamber 324 also can be communicated with by fluid with deposit gas housing 204.In this respect, at least one and preferably a plurality of gas generator inlet 316 guarantees that deposit gas housings 204 are communicated with fluid between second chamber 324, consequently come from the pressure medium of laying in gas housing 204 and flow into second chamber 324 at reasonable time.That is for some application scenario, this special air-flow can be controlled with regard to flow direction.Specifically, valve 320 can be provided with contiguous at least one and all gas generator inlet 316 preferably.In static state, do not need this valve 320 in fact handle deposit gas housing 204 and second chamber, 324 isolated coming in this zone.In fact, a large amount of pressure mediums preferably remain on second chamber, 324 the insides under static state, so that a kind of non-tight interface may adapt to this compensating mode.The a kind of of valve 320 can be not second chamber 324 to roll up basically cylindrical shape shim liner raw material (such as, 300 series stainless steels, 0.002 inch thick) in each enter the mouth 316 places and deposit gas housing 204 isolated structures that come.Between the inner face of valve 320 and second housing 278, can adopt cantilevered to be connected.That is aft section (that is, enough far away from aperture 316) can install on second housing, and its front or centre portion then do not give fixing and thereby can move freely/deflection and form the operation possibility of valve 320.
According to above-mentioned, will be understood that the pressure that spreads all over deposit gas housing 204 and gas generator shell 212 in static state is to equate basically.But, in dynamically or after lighting jet fuel particle 258, the pressure that spreads all over aerator 202 differences " chamber " promptly has different to realize required function.In this respect, after jet fuel particle 258 was lighted, the jet fuel gas that is generated began to flow at least the second chamber 324, and build-up of pressure increases therein.When this device comprised at least one relief port 262, some jet fuel gas also can flow into deposit gas housing 204, begins to cause a little pressure build-up therein.Preferably, the growth rate of second chamber, 324 the inside pressure is greater than the growth rate of pressure in the deposit gas housing 204, and this is to introduce jet fuel gas respectively therein and their relative volume causes.This pressure reduction forces valve 320 pressured gas generator shell 212 centering portion, perhaps more particularly, the inner face of second housing 278, and thereby temporarily by blocking gas generator inlet 316 the deposit air chamber 204 and second chamber 324 were come in this regional completely cutting off.The cantilevered of above-mentioned valve 320 is connected to this action condition is provided.When the pressure in second chamber 324 reaches a predeterminated level, act directly on fluid pressures above the second sealing dome 290 and just open, split or disconnect dome 290.So just air-flow is filled into diffuser 298 from gas generator 208, fill air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) then.
Will be understood that valve 320 provides the condition of in time air-flow being filled air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) in some application scenario.Specifically, for some device, use valve 320 to make second chamber 324 can in time open the quick pressurising of speed of the second sealing dome 290 with a kind of meeting.If do not use any valve 320 in aerator 202, jet fuel gas can flow into deposit air chamber 204 from second chamber 324 originally.After this manner, just use the degree that pressure that the long period makes second chamber, 324 the insides increases to the second sealing dome 290 that may split.Yet, adopt second chamber 324 can form a less pressurising chamber, can reduce whereby air-flow is filled air inlet/required time of safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).Will illustrate below, in some device, the volume of second chamber can be done fully for a short time and/or jet fuel and pressure medium can select for obtain the satisfied running of moderns do not need valve 320 (such as, utilize burning since the gas that burning produced of jet fuel particle 258 and/or igniting/ignition material 240 to realize the quick pressurising of second chamber, 324 the insides).
The radical function of second chamber 324, because the quick pressurising of second chamber 324 makes after the second sealing dome 290 splits once more, is to create conditions for effective mixing of jet fuel gas and pressure medium before being disposed to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) in that yes.Specified before use various types of jet fuel compositions (such as, gunpowder type jet fuel, mixed type jet fuel) and the pressure medium of preceding specified type (such as, a kind of oxygen and such as the compound of the inert fluid of at least a unreactable gas), this mixing can further burnout various jet fuel gases with provide benefits pointed before various (such as, reduce toxicity, since further burn and increase expandability relatively reduce the required jet fuel quantity of aerator 202).After this manner, second chamber 324 can further have the feature of afterburner.Preferably, jet fuel gas and owing to about at least 99% the burning of lighting gas that igniting/ignition material 240 gets, and more preferably, about 100% this burning occurs in aerator 202 the insides.This has just reduced the potential possibility that gas/safe capsule 18 is damaged.
In order to realize the various benefits of this secondary combustion fully, second chamber 324 must guarantee to create or rely on and add length or dependence and bring out the way of turbulent flow and make gas and the well-mixed condition of pressure medium that is generated.In the embodiment of Fig. 5,, should export therewith to the nearest person of gas generator outlet 286 among burner section ozzle 274 and all gas generator inlet 316 and separate a segment distance of at least 15 millimeters for the graphic occasion that is used for driver's one side.For one or more schemes related to the present invention, this distance can be defined in about 4 millimeters to about 80 millimeters scope.The length that strengthens second chamber 324 also is convenient to put in static state in second chamber, 324 the insides the pressure medium of sufficient amount, with the jet fuel generation of gas reaction that was being generated before second chamber 324 fills charge flow from deposit air chamber 204.That is, preferably, originally have sufficient pressure medium and be contained in second chamber, 324 the insides, one when triggering aerator 202, just with jet fuel generation of gas reaction, until air-flow because till the above-mentioned action of valve 320 filled into second chamber 324 from deposit air chamber 204.
The benefit of a kind of in order to realize " length " second chamber 324, gas generator inlet 316 are provided with to such an extent that leave the distance that gas generator exports 286 1 sections abundances also certainly preferably one as described.Preferably, in order to promote jet fuel gas to mix with the further of pressure medium, middle or the fwd part of all gas generator inlet 316 (being determined by its line of centers separately) should flush with the end of burner section ozzle 273, and preferably more backward (that is, along direction towards binary pair 228), as shown in the figure.
Each size of a certain ad hoc structure of aerator 202 can change, and especially, the optimum capacity scope of aerator housing 204 depends on various aerators application scenario as shown in table 2.Such as, the capacity of the aerator housing 204 of one or more schemes related to the present invention can be from about 150 cm3s to about 450 cm3s.The capacity of first chamber 254 can be from about 10 cm3s to about 40 cm3s.The capacity of second chamber 324 can be from about 1 cm3 to about 50 cm3s.
In this each size that embodiment is provided so that every principle of the present invention to be described: 1) diameter of deposit gas housing 204 is about 59 millimeters; 2) length of deposit gas housing 204 is about 200 millimeters; 3) deposit gas housing 204 is made about 2.5 millimeters of wall thickness by the mild steel steel pipe; 4) internal capacity of deposit gas housing 204 (wherein remain with that part of pressure medium, do not comprise the volume of the gas generator 208 that is arranged on central authorities) is about 375 cm3s; 5) diameter of first housing 216 of gas generator shell 212 is about 20 millimeters; 6) length of first chamber 254 is about 55 millimeters; 7) first housing 216 is made about 1.5 millimeters of wall thickness by mild steel; 8) internal capacity of first chamber 254 of gas generator shell 212 is about 11 cm3s; 9) diameter of second housing 278 of gas generator shell 212 is about 17 millimeters; 10) length of second chamber 324 is about 90 millimeters; 11) second housing 278 is made about 1.25 millimeters of wall thickness by mild steel; 12) internal capacity of second chamber 324 of gas generator shell 212 is about 14 cm3s; 13) 6 relief ports 262 are arranged, diameter separately is about 3 millimeters; 14) diameter of bore of afterburner ozzle 274 is about 2.5 millimeters; 15) diameter of gas generator outlet 286 is about 10 millimeters; 16) all gas generator inlet 316 is provided with to such an extent that leave gas generator and export 286 about 76 millimeters; 17) ozzle 274 is provided with to such an extent that leave gas generator and export 286 about 75 millimeters; 18) internal capacity of diffuser 298 is about 4 cm3s; 19) 12 diffuser apertures 300 are arranged; 20) total weight of jet fuel particle is about 9 grams and the composition with the above-mentioned type of a kind of RDX of having, CA, TMEIN and stabilizer; 21) static pressure of aerator 202 the insides is about 20.7 MPas, so that has about 140 gram pressure mediums, and it 85% is an argon, and it 15% is oxygen (mol percentage); And 22) total weight of aerator 202 is about 1200 grams.Comprise at a kind of pressure medium under the situation of the helium that is used to detect the gas escape, the pressure medium that is used for one or more schemes related to the present invention may preferably comprise about 8% to about 30% oxygen, about 60% to about 91% argon and about helium of 0.5% to 10%, in gram-molecule.
The operation of aerator 202 will mainly be described with reference to Fig. 6 A-D and 7A-D.Under static state, the second sealing dome 290 is touched, and valve 320 must be deposit gas housing 204 and second chamber, 324 isolated not coming, shown in Fig. 6 A and 7A.Receiving a suitable signal from detection/sensor 14 (Fig. 1), show when needs use gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1), binary pair 228 just is activated, the first sealing dome 236 and light igniting/ignition material 240 that splits, and itself lights jet combustion particle 258 again this material.The burning of jet fuel particle 258 produces jet combustion gas in first chamber, 254 the insides, both second chamber 324 of inflow gas generator body 212 also flowed into deposit gas housing 204.Owing to red-hot jet fuel gas occurs in first chamber, 254 the insides, and this red-hot jet fuel gas both entered second chamber 324, entered deposit gas housing 204 again, and the relevant pressure in these " containers " the inside has also just increased.
For carve in due course split the second sealing dome 290 and thereby air-flow filled air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1), the speed designs that second chamber, 324 the inside pressure increase must be greater than owing to wherein introduce the speed of the deposit gas housing 204 the inside pressure increases that red-hot jet fuel gas causes.This pressure reduction makes valve 320 lean the inner face of second housing 278, deposit gas housing 204 is come in this regional completely cutting off with second chamber 324, shown in Fig. 6 B and 7B, to realize the quick pressurization of second chamber 324.Because with the pressure medium supply thereby the interruption of jet fuel generation of gas reaction, the amount of the pressure medium of second chamber, 324 the insides should be enough to react with introducing jet fuel generation of gas wherein before forming deposit gas housing 204 and direct fluid between second chamber 324 is communicated with in static state.
One pressure when second chamber, 324 the insides reaches a certain pre-sizing, act directly on fluid pressures above the second sealing dome 290 second sealing dome that will split, shown in Fig. 6 C, so that there is one air-flow to pass gas generator outlet 286 and leads to diffuser 298, and lead to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).But, valve 320 can continue and make by blocking gas generator inlet 316, shown in Fig. 6 C and 7C, and stops air-flow directly to enter second chamber 324 from deposit gas housing 204.After certain pressure reduction was formed between the deposit gas housing 204 and second chamber 324, it was just pushed valve 320 open from gas generator inlet 316, form pressure medium from laying in flowing of gas housing 204 to second chambers 324, shown in Fig. 6 D and 7D.Analogy, have at valve 320 under the situation of schematic structure (such as, the columnar tinsel of one volume), the previous section of valve 320 under the described pressure differential effect at least those near or in the zone of gas generator inlet 316 change flat or radially move inward.But, the aft section of valve 320 remains and is fixed in second housing 278.
According to above-mentioned, obviously, the structure of aerator 202 be suitable for comprise aforementioned various jet fuel (such as, powder composition, mixed type) and the system of pressure medium (such as, the compound of a kind of oxygen and at least a unreactable gas) use together and improved its performance.Analogy under the situation that adopts above-mentioned various jet fuels and pressure medium, will have the secondary combustion in second chamber, 324 the insides of jet fuel gas and pressure medium.This aftercombustion meeting further makes gas expand, thereby can reduce the quantity of required jet fuel and reduce the weight of aerator 202.Secondly, this secondary combustion also can reduce the toxicity of jet fuel gas.By using " length " second chamber 324, specifically, afterburner ozzle 274 and gas generator inlet 316 among the two with respect to the nearer person of gas generator outlet 286 with the distance between it, just have sufficient this secondary combustion of time chien shih and before gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) provides, take place at the gained air-flow.
As noted, in some design, the structure of aerator 202 substantially can be as mentioned above, but do not adopt valve 320.By adopting above-mentioned various types of jet fuel and pressure medium, that is a kind of produce can be in second chamber 324 by with certain oxidisability pressure medium (such as, a kind of multicomponent mixture, comprise oxygen and inert fluid such as one or more unreactable gas) to mix mutually and the further jet fuel of the jet fuel gas of burning, this point is possible.In this case, " secondary " burning of second chamber, 324 the inside jet fuel gases, and may also have the secondary combustion of the gas that produces owing to lighting of igniting/ignition material 240, and can make into sufficient pressure build-up/growth rate, making not to have needed valve 320.For example, this secondary combustion can cause pressure build-up/pressure build-up speed of about at least 30% of second chamber, 324 the insides after aerator 202 triggers, also may be up to about 50%.After this manner, just may use a kind of chemical reaction in second chamber 324 to realize that a kind of air-flow of quick adding pressure type fills into, thereby slow down demand for valve 320.
Another embodiment of a kind of hybrid inflator can be used for being shown in Fig. 8-11 among the inflatable safety system 10 of Fig. 1.Aerator 350 on the function/be similar to above-mentioned aerator 202 in the operation, but be for the occasion that is used for driver's one side specially designed.After this manner, aerator 350 has improved the performance of inflatable system 10, particularly adopt above-mentioned all kinds jet fuel (such as, gunpowder type jet fuel, mixed type jet fuel) and a kind of polycomponent pressure medium (such as, a kind of comprise oxygen and such as the compound of the inert fluid of at least a unreactable gas) time.
At first with reference to Fig. 8, hybrid inflator 350 generally comprises two main devices, an i.e. center housing 358, comprise a gas generator 362 and a diffuser 458, an and deposit gas housing 354, around center housing 358 along circumferentially be provided with and be fixed in a suitable manner center housing 358 (such as, be welded in weld seam 442,450 places), preferably reach airtight sealing.Deposit gas housing 354 has a kind of shape of ring formula, holds pressure medium.Have again, a major advantage of aerator 350 is, it can cause the quick pressurization near the zone of the second sealing dome 428 (it can completely cut off the air-flow between aerator 350 and the gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1)), so that fluid pressure acts directly on the second sealing dome 428 so that it " is opened ".Secondly, and following will the detailed description in detail, another advantage of aerator 350 is that it also can mainly concentrate on gas generator 362 the insides to the significant pressure build-up that is associated with triggering one hybrid inflator.So the wall thickness of deposit gas housing 354 is compared with hybrid inflator structure commonly used and can be reduced (that is the rated pressure of deposit gas housing 354 can reduce), this can reduce the weight of aerator 350 conversely.
Central authorities' housing 358 is provided with to such an extent that center on the longitudinal axis 362 of aerator 350, and comprises longitudinally centering and the diffuser 458 spaced apart of a gas generator 362 and.Gas generator 362 and diffuser 458.The two is all formed gas generator 362 and diffuser 458 by central housing 358 at least in part.For example, gas generator 362 comprises cylindrical shape gas generator shell 366, igniting device bracket 370, a bending dividing plate 390 and a gas generator end-cap device 420 that is formed by the part of central housing 358.Specifically, ignition device bracket 370 be connected in a suitable manner the bottom of central housing 358 and deposit gas housing 354 the two (such as, be welded in weld seam 442 places), to obtain preferably a kind of airtight sealing, because gas generator shell 366 also is equipped with a large amount of pressure mediums under static state.Ignition device bracket 370 hold a suitable ignition device (such as, the detonator of an electric triggering or other suitable pyrotechnic device), and O shape circle 372 can be used for forming the seal interface.For ignition device 374 is come with the pressure medium of gas generator 362 the insides is isolated, one first sealing dome (secondary sealing dome) 378 be fixed in a suitable manner ignition device bracket 370 the end (such as, be welded in weld seam 446 places), to obtain a kind of preferably bubble-tight sealing.In the illustrated embodiment, the first sealing dome 378 end and that is trapped in an igniting device bracket main casing 382 at weld seam 446 places is lighted a fire between the ignition device bracket end cap 386 of device bracket.
Dividing plate 390 is separated into one first chamber 394 and one second chamber 418 to gas generator shell 366.First chamber 39 4 is limited by the lower surface of bottom, ignition device bracket 370 and the dividing plate 390 of central housing 358, and be provided with contiguous ignition device 374.First chamber 394 of gas generator shell 366 mainly holds jet fuel particle 404, and these particles can generate jet fuel gas leads to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) with increase air-flow after lighting.Thereby first chamber 394 can be a kind of jet fuel chamber by its feature representation also.In order to promote lighting of jet fuel particle 404, a kind of suitable igniting/ignition material 408 (such as, a kind of RDX/ aluminium is ignited material, component with a kind of 89wt%RDX and 11wt% aluminium powder, the hydroxypropyl cellulose that can add 0.5wt% to 5.0wt% replaces RDX and the aluminium of 0.5wt% to 5.0wt% in proportion) can be seated in the middle body of first chamber 394, with at least a portion centering of ignition device 374.One suitable screen cloth 412, ignition anther cap or analogue can separate jet fuel particle 404 and igniting/ignition material 408.
To illustrate in more detail below, and also can further promote the quick adding pressure type air-flow of aerator 350 with the pressure medium attack and fill into characteristic owing to lighting gas that igniting/ignition material 408 produces.
Can adopt some jet fuel gas is guided into deposit gas housing 354 from first chamber 394 way obtaining to lead to the required output or the discharge capacity of gas/safe capsule 18, that is to obtain the required speed of expansion of gas/safe capsule 18.Specifically, may be best be, with a kind of flow that in adequate time, can keep entering second chamber 418 from deposit gas housing 354 basically unmodified speed provide jet fuel gas to deposit gas housing 354, as following will the explanation.Generally, during operating, the jet fuel gas that just sub-fraction produced need flow to deposit gas housing 354 with facilitate required effect (such as, be no more than approximately 40%, be sent to deposit gas housing 354 and more usually be no more than about 30% jet fuel gas flow).
Even when adopting relief port 400, the pressure increase of laying in after lighting jet fuel particle 404 among the gas housing 354 also is to be lower than many industrial hybrids widely.That is, usually with light the significant pressure build-up that jet fuel particle 404 is associated and be confined to gas generator 362 basically.Thereby " intensity " requirement of deposit gas housing 354 can reduce.Just for using little wall thickness deposit gas housing 354 and/or light material that condition is provided, this two aspect all can make the weight of aerator 350 reduce for this.When being about 4000 pound per square inches such as, the interior pressure under static state, and housing 354 is when being made by mild steel, and deposit gas housing 354 required thickests can be about 0.075 inch.
The main flow (such as, total jet fuel flow of about at least 50%, and more usually being about 70%) that comes from the jet fuel gas of first chamber 395 will lead to second chamber 418 (owing to following reason, being called afterburner).Second chamber 418 of gas generator shell 366 is communicated in first chamber 394 of gas generator shell 366 by at least one jet fuel mouth 416 (being illustrated as two) fluid that passes gas generator dividing plate 390.Will illustrate in more detail that below the main flow path that pressure medium leads to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) among the deposit gas housing 354 also enters second chamber 418.Mix in order to excite the jet fuel gas that flows into second chamber 418 from first chamber 394 to make with inflation from the pressure medium of deposit gas housing 354 inflows second chamber 418 (such as, all gases is remained on one section time enough in second chamber 418), jet fuel mouth 416 can be orientated to such an extent that can inspire a kind of motion (that is, have at least one radial velocity component when sending into air-flow) of eddy current shape in second chamber, 418 the insides.A kind of method of this eddy current shape motion that excites is to make gas generator jet fuel mouth 416 orientations that stretch along straight line basically according to mode shown in Figure 9.Each jet fuel mouth 416 is in its " inclination " relatively in reference plane separately.
Second chamber 418 of gas generator shell 366 longitudinally is centered in first chamber 394, and separates with it by gas generator dividing plate 390, and the part of deposit gas housing 354 then is provided with along circumferential around it.Second chamber 418 is limited by a centre portion, gas generator dividing plate 390 and the gas generator end-cap device 420 of central housing 358.The gas generator end cap be fixed in a suitable manner central housing (such as, be welded in weld seam 454 places), and the top of central housing 358 be fixed in a suitable manner deposit gas housing 354 top (such as, be welded in weld seam 450 places).Preferably, weld seam 450 and 454 the two all form airtight sealing because second chamber 418 comprises a large amount of pressure mediums under static state.Gas generator end-cap device 420 comprises at least one gas generator outlet 424 (drawing one).In order in a suitable manner pressure medium to be remained on aerator 350, and specifically, second chamber, 418 the insides are until the desirable moment, one second the sealing dome 428 be fixed in by rights gas generator end-cap device 420 (such as, be clipped between a gas generator upper end cap 421 and the gas generator lower endcaps 422), so that obtain a kind of preferably bubble-tight sealing (such as, be welded on weld seam 454 places).
Be communicated with situation based on first chamber 394 with fluid between second chamber 418, the jet fuel gas that produces owing to the burning of jet fuel particle 404, and the gas that generates owing to lighting of igniting/ignition material 408, all thereby at least in part enter second chamber 418.Because wherein rapid pressure increases and controlled in the following manner, the second sealing dome 428 is carved in due course and is opened, so that the air communication that comes from aerator 350 is then led to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) to diffuser 458.In order to guarantee the output of no thrust relative for the phase of gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1), diffuser 458 adopts many diffusing openings 462.One diffuser filter screen (not shown) also can be contained in diffuser 458 the insides, with the fragment of the sealing dome that breaks that blocks aerator 350 the insides, and/or promote mixing/reacting of jet fuel gas and pressure medium before leading to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).
Second chamber 418 also can be communicated with deposit gas housing 354 fluids.In this respect, at least one and preferably many gas generators inlet 432 can guarantee to lay in gas housing 354 and be communicated with fluid between second chamber 418, so that comes from the pressure medium of laying in gas housing 354 and can carve inflow second chamber 418 in due course.That is for some structure/application scenario, this particular flow can be controlled with regard to flow direction.Specifically, a valve 438 can be provided with near at least one and preferably all gas generators inlet 432.Under static state, do not need in fact isolated coming in this zone of valve 438 the deposit gas housing 354 and second chamber 418.In fact, a large amount of pressure mediums preferably remain on second chamber, 418 the insides under static state, so that a kind of unsealed interface may adapt to this compensating mode.The a kind of of valve 438 can be not second chamber 418 a volume shim liner raw material (such as, corrosion-resistant steel, 0.002 inch thick) with the deposit gas housing 418 isolated structures that come outside each inlet 432.The connection of one cantilevered can be used between the inner face of valve 438 and gas generator shell 366.That is the aft section of valve 438 can be held between central housing 358 and the dividing plate 390, its previous section then remain unfixed and thereby be freely so that move/deflection and form the operator perforniance of valve 438.Although the structure of valve 438 is the best at present, individual other embolism 438a, 438b (Figure 14 A-B) can be arranged among each aperture 432.These embolisms 438a and 438b may preferably be connected with each other with aerator 350 by a series of bands or analogue (only being drawn among Figure 14 B).Possibility is desirable equally is with a kind of pliable and tough member 422 (only being drawn among Figure 14 A) embolism 438a, 438b to be supported in the aperture 432.Embolism 438a, 438b also may be used for other various hybrid inflators described herein.
According to above-mentioned, under static state, spread all over the pressure of deposit gas housing 354 and gas generator 362 thereby may be to equate basically.But, after dynamically descending or lighting jet fuel particle 404, the existing difference of pressure that spreads all over aerator 350 differences " chamber " is to realize needed function.In this respect, filling out after gas fuel pellet 404 lights, jet fuel gas begins to flow at least the second chamber 418, and build-up of pressure increases therein.When this device comprised at least one relief port 400, some jet fuel gas also can flow into deposit gas housing 354, and build-up of pressure increases therein.Best is, with greater than the speed increment among the deposit gas housing 354, this is owing to introduce jet fuel gas therein and their volumes separately cause at second chamber, 418 the inside pressure.This pressure reduction forces valve 438 to withstand the inner face of gas generator shell 366 centering portion, and thereby temporarily deposit gas housing 354 is completely cut off in this zone with second chamber 418 and come by sealing gas generator inlet 432.When the pressure in second chamber 418 reached a predeterminated level, fluid pressure itself was just opened, is split or disconnects the second sealing dome 428.So just air-flow is filled into diffuser 459 from gas generator 362, then fill air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).
Will be understood that valve 438 provides the condition of in time air-flow being filled air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) in some device/application scenario.Specifically, for some device, use valve 438 to make second chamber 418 can in time open the quick pressurising of speed of the second sealing dome 428 with a kind of meeting.If do not use valve 438 in aerator 350, jet fuel gas can flow into deposit gas housing 354 from second chamber 418 originally.After this manner, just use the degree that pressure that the long period makes second chamber, 418 the insides increases to the second sealing dome 428 that may split.Yet, adopt second chamber 418 can form a less pressurising chamber, can reduce whereby air-flow is filled air inlet/required time of safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).Will illustrate below, in some device, the volume of second chamber 418 can be done fully for a short time and/or jet fuel and pressure medium can select for obtain gratifying running do not need valve 438 (such as, utilize burning since the gas that burning produced of jet fuel particle 404 and/or igniting/ignition material to realize the quick pressurising of second chamber, 418 the insides).
The radical function of second chamber 418 after the second sealing dome 428 that splits by quick pressurising method, is to create/to provide condition for effective mixing of jet fuel gas and pressure medium before being disposed to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).Specified before use various types of jet fuel compositions (such as, gunpowder type jet fuel, mixed type jet fuel) and the pressure medium of preceding specified type (such as, a kind of oxygen and such as the compound of the inert fluid of at least a unreactable gas) time, this mixing can further burnout various jet fuel gases with various benefits pointed before providing (such as, reduce toxicity, since further burn and increase expandability relatively reduce the required jet fuel quantity of aerator).After this manner, second chamber 418 can further have the feature of afterburner.Best is, whole burnings of jet combustion gas and igniting/ignition material gas about at least 99%, and more preferably, about 100% burning occurs in aerator 350 the insides.This has just reduced the potential possibility that gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) is damaged.
Because the various restrictions that driver one side application scenario is caused, adopting the sort of " length " second chamber 418 among aerator 202 is unpractical to form the afterburner function.In order to make compensation for use " shorter " second chamber 418 these part things in the driver one side application scenario of aerator 350, jet fuel gas and pressure medium can be strengthened in the following manner in the mixing of second chamber, 418 the insides, that is: (mainly be pressure medium for the air-flow that enters second chamber 418 from deposit gas housing 358, but many jet combustion gases and/or igniting/ignition material gas may be arranged also) cause the motion of a kind of eddy current type, to promote mixing of pressure medium and jet fuel gas.Will increase jet fuel gas and pressure medium like this and remain on second chamber, 418 the insides to carry out the time of chemical reaction.
A kind of method of above-mentioned eddy current type motion that excites is, make generally is that the direction of each gas generator inlet 432 of stretching along straight line is taken in the plane reference plane basically, but the axis in these apertures 432 does not pass through the central longitudinal axis 352 of aerator 350, as shown in Figure 9.That is the aperture 432 of straight line is outwards not outstanding to be communicated with second chamber 418 and deposit gas housing 354 along a radius from central longitudinal axis 352 basically.The way that replaces is, the part in a certain given aperture 432 is arranged on one radially on the position, and another part is arranged on another radially position.After this manner, the air-flow that enters second chamber 418 from deposit gas housing 354 generally is the direction of arrow A along Fig. 9.In order to excite jet fuel gas to mix with the further of the pressure medium that enters, each jet fuel aperture 416 can also refer to send the place that the inner face face of device inlet 432 and second chamber 418 connects to gas.
The size of the ad hoc structure of one aerator 350 can change.Especially, the capacity of each chamber of aerator depends on the aerator application scenario.Such as, the capacity that is used for the aerator housing of one or more schemes related to the present invention can be from about 50 cm3s to about 150 cm3s.The capacity of first chamber 394 is from about 5 cm3s to about 15 cm3s.The capacity of second chamber 418 can be from about 1 cm3 to about 20 cm3s, and the capacity of second chamber 418 can be from about 1 cm3 to about 20 cm3s.In this size that provides is an embodiment who is used for having the performance characteristic that proposes below being similar to: 1) diameter of aerator 350 is about 3.25 inches); 2) height of central housing 358 is about 1.6 inches; 3) height of deposit gas housing 354 is about 1.2 inches; 4) internal capacity of deposit gas housing 354 is about 5 cu.in.s; 5) internal capacity of first chamber 394 of gas generator 366 is about 7 cm3s; 6) internal capacity of second chamber 418 of gas generator shell 366 is about 2 cm3s; 7) two relief ports 400 are arranged, about 1.5 millimeters of diameter; 8) two jet fuel apertures 416 are arranged, about 2 millimeters of diameter; 9) total weight of jet fuel particle 404 is about 3.5 grams and the component with a kind of the above-mentioned type that comprises RDX, CA, TMETN and stabilizer; 10) static pressure of deposit gas housing 354 the insides is about 4000 pound per square inches; So that have about 40 gram pressure mediums, it 85% is an argon, and it 15% is oxygen (mol percentage); 11) aerator 350 is made by mild steel; 12) wall thickness of deposit gas housing 354 is about 0.075 inch, and has the rated pressure (explosion) of about 18000 pound per square inches; 13) wall thickness of central housing 358 is about 0.0625 inch; And 14) total weight of aerator 350 is about 400 grams.
The operation of aerator 350 is summarized with reference to Figure 11 A-D.When receiving a suitable signal from detection/sensor 14 (Fig. 1), ignition device 374 is triggered and the first sealing dome 378 and light igniting/ignition material 408 of splitting, and lights jet fuel particle 404 so again, shown in Figure 11 A.The burning of jet fuel particle 404 generates jet fuel gas in first chamber, 394 the insides, both second chambers 418 of inflow gas generator body 366 also flows into the deposit gas housing 354 that wherein this jet fuel gas and pressure medium mix mutually.Because first chamber, 394 the insides exist scorching hot jet fuel gas and this scorching hot jet fuel gas to enter second chamber 418 and deposit gas housing 354 among both, the corresponding force of these " containers " the inside has also increased.
The second sealing dome 428 also thereby air-flow fills air inlet/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) in order to split in a certain suitable moment, the pressure build-up speed designs of second chamber, 418 the insides must be greater than the pressure build-up speed of deposit gas housing 354 the insides, and this is to enter wherein and their volumes separately cause owing to scorching hot jet fuel gas.This pressure reduction can make valve 438 lean the inner face of gas generator shell 366, and isolated the coming in this zone the deposit gas housing 354 and second chamber 418 is also shown in Figure 11 A.Because with the pressure medium supply thereby the interruption of jet fuel generation of gas reaction, thus the static pressure medium quantity of second chamber, 418 the insides down should be enough to the deposit gas housing 354 and second chamber 418 set up fluid is communicated with before and the jet fuel generation of gas that enters wherein react.
One reaches a pre-sizing when the pressure of second chamber, 418 the insides, this pressure second sealing dome 428 that will shown in Figure 11 B, split, so that produce one air-flow, and pass gas generator and export 424, lead to diffuser 458, and lead to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).But, valve 438 can continue to stop air-flow directly to enter second chamber 418 from deposit gas housing 354 by blocking gas generator inlet 432.After certain pressure reduction is formed between the deposit gas housing 354 and second chamber 418, the application force that is produced can promote or crooked valve 438, make it to leave gas generator inlet 432, to form one pressure medium air-flow from deposit gas housing 354 to second chambers 418.For example, under the situation of diagram valve 438 structures (such as, a volume shim liner raw material), single-pass boiler check valve 438 will be close or bent over against the zone change of gas generator inlet 432 at those at least under the indication differential pressure action.In order to promote this pressure medium and the jet fuel mixed gases that constantly offers second chamber 418 via first chamber 394, as mentioned above, entering the pressure medium of second chamber 418 and two strands of air-flows of jet fuel gas can be the eddy current pattern.Work can prolong compound and remains on the time quantum of second chamber, 418 the insides before offering gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) like this.
Pressure curve with experimental model of similar size and further feature of the foregoing description is shown in Figure 12.These curves substantially with following that will relatively explain, Figure 13 A-D in those curves of being provided be the same.Originally, the static pressure of aerator 350 the insides is about 4000 pound per square inches.The time T1 (about 5 milli move), aerator 350 is triggered, and jet fuel particle 404 is lighted.So, jet fuel particle 404 has increased first chamber 394, deposit gas housing 354 and second chamber 418 pressure among separately.The T2 when maximum pressure of first and second chambers, 394,418 the insides occurs in, and breaking of the second sealing dome 428 taken place at this moment.Moment T2 (greatly about trigger after one millisecond), the pressure of first chamber, 394 the insides increases to about 10000 pound per square inches from 4000 pound per square inches, the pressure of second chamber, 418 the insides increases to about 7000 pound per square inches from 4000 pound per square inch static state, and the pressure of deposit gas housing 354 the insides increases to about 4500 pound per square inches from 4000 pound per square inch static state.
After the second sealing dome 428 is opened, in second chamber, 418 the insides one differential pressure appears.At moment T3, deposit gas housing 354 and pressure reduction between second chamber 418 be enough to open valve 438 and thereby expose gas generator inlet 432, consequently the pressure of second chamber, 418 the insides increases once more.That is, after moment T3, there is one air-flow to enter second chamber 418 from deposit gas housing 354 and 394 liang of aspects of first chamber.Second chamber, 418 the inside pressure then reduce in the maxim that moment T4 increases to about 4750 pound per square inches.This point basic with deposit gas housing 354 in exist approximately be 5000 pound per square inches maximum pressure the time match.So, as can be seen, the pressure build-up in the aerator 350 mainly concentrates on gas generator 362 rather than deposit gas housing 354.Thereby the wall thickness of deposit gas housing 354 can reduce, just like above-mentioned.Secondly, owing to pressure in second chamber 418 relatively stable (only fluctuating between 4000 pound per square inches and about 4600 pound per square inches), desirable output can offer gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1).
As noted, in some design, aerator 350 can have said structure substantially, but does not use valve 438.Adopt above-mentioned various types of jet fuel and pressure medium, that is a kind of can generate because of with certain oxidisability pressure medium (such as, a kind of multi-component compound, contain oxygen and certain inert fluid such as one or more type unreactable gas (such as argon, nitrogen)) to mix mutually and the jet fuel of the jet fuel gas that can among second chamber 418, further burn, this point is possible.In this case, " secondary " burning at second chamber, 418 the inside jet fuel gases, and may also have owing to the secondary combustion of lighting igniting/gas that ignition material 408 produces, can form sufficient pressure build-up/growth rate, so that no longer need valve 438.For example, secondary combustion may be formed in aerator 350 trigger after second chamber, 418 the insides pressure build-up/pressure build-up speed about at least 30%, and may be up to about 50%.Therefore, utilize certain chemical reaction among second chamber 418 might realize that a kind of air-flow of quick pressurized type fills into, thereby slowed down demand for valve 438.
For more than one state mode make structure design but do not have aerator 350, the first chambers 394, second chamber 418 of valve 438 and deposit gas housing 354 the insides and represent gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) one fixedly the pressure curve among the wall type container be shown in Figure 13 A-D respectively.Contrast Figure 12 and Figure 13 A-C, as can be seen, also obtain similar performance without valve 438.This point can be once more mainly owing to, use the jet fuel of specific type and pressure medium to guarantee the realizing gaseous combustion of second chamber, 418 the insides and to form quick pressurising and open the second sealing dome 428 in second chamber, 418 the insides.
Figure 15 shows a kind of remodeling according to aerator of the present invention.This revises the gas overcharging utensil the structure that is similar to aerator shown in Figure 5.Thereby the narration with saving about similar structures is equal to the figure number that indicates the figure number of each member of aerator among Fig. 5 and quote.Some difference between the aerator among retrofit among Figure 15 aerator and Fig. 5 will be described below.
The internal diameter of first chamber 501 is greater than the internal diameter of second chamber 502.The length setting of second chamber 502 gets widely the length less than second chamber 324 among Fig. 5.So the capacity of second chamber 502 is very less than the capacity of first chamber 501.In this embodiment, the capacity of second chamber 502 is about 1/20th of first chamber, 501 capacity.One transfer tube 503 is positioned on the axis of first chamber 501, and binary pair 228 is connected in sucking-off ozzle 274.Transfer tube 503 is hollow, and has many apertures 504 on the periphery tube wall.Transfer tube 503 with take out the condition that ozzle 274 provides first chamber 501 to be communicated with second chamber 502 (such as, it helps solid-state jet fuel is kept off beyond the axis path between detonator 228 and the plectane 290).The first sealing dome 236 has been sealed the passage 507 that is defined between the detonator 228 and first chamber 501 basically.
Under static state, the pressure among deposit gas housing 204, first chamber 501 and second chamber 502 by means of sucking-off ozzle 274, transfer tube 503, inlet 316 and relief port 262, is to equate haply.In this state, when detonator was triggered, the first sealing dome 236 broke, and jet fuel particle 258 is firing.The burning gases that generated by jet fuel particle 238 have increased the pressure among first chamber 501, have increased pressure among second chamber 502 via transfer tube 503 and sucking-off ozzle 274 then.The pressure that has increased is pushed valve 320 to the wall portion of second chamber 502 with sealing inlet 316.Burning gases seal dome 290 from sucking-off ozzle 274 directive pipes 505 to break second.
Then, the pressure among second chamber 502 temporarily reduces, and makes valve 320 open inlet 316.Thereby pressure medium 316 enters second chamber 502 and pipe 505 by entering the mouth.Oxygen in the pressure medium and the carbonic oxide in the burning gases and hydrogen generation chemical reaction change them into carbon dioxide and water vapour at second chamber 502 and pipe 505 the insides.Pressurization be situated between in holding carbon dioxide, water vapour and argon gas by export 285 and diffuser 508 be sent to an air bag (not shown) so that air bag inflation for this reason.
As noted before, in this embodiment, second chamber 502 is done less than first chamber 501.Also have, the second sealing dome 290 is positioned near the sucking-off ozzle 274.Therefore, except with each aerator that is shown in Fig. 5 and 8 same effect and advantage, the pressure build-up in this enforcement among first and second chambers 501 and 502 takes place rapidly, thereby breaks dome 290 hastily.
It has the transfer tube 503 in many apertures 504 can increase the speed of combustion-gas flow when air communication is crossed these apertures 504.This can help breaking fast of dome 290.
Notice that transfer tube 503 can be used for embodiment shown in Figure 5.Secondly, about the open area of each sucking-off ozzle shown in Fig. 5 and 8, and the summation of the aperture open area of respectively exitting, still be that jet fuel gas is introduced first chamber according to pressure medium, can determine which can be greater than another.
Table 2 shows the physical property that is shown in Fig. 5,8 and 15 aerator, may be suitable for one or more schemes related to the present invention and be used in combination.Such as, table 2 shows the number range of jet fuel particle, gas-pressurized and pressure medium.
Table 2
Passenger one side driver one side side aerator jet fuel (gram)
Applicable scope: about 0.5 to about 20
About 6 to larger about 2 to greatly
About 20 best about 8 best about 0.5 to
About 6 to larger about 2 to larger about 2
The burning velecity of about 15 about 6 jet fuels about 0.25 to combustion temperature about 2000 to about 3800 (° K) jet fuel heat about 800 of about 5 (cel) jet fuel restrains about 1300 (card/gram) pressure medium (gram)/about 8 to about 25 jet fuels (gram)
Table 2 jet fuel (gram) passenger one side driver one side side aerator aerator housing Applicable scope: about 10 to about 450 capacity (centimetre 3) about 150 to about 50 to larger about 10 to greatly
About 450 about 150 about 50 aerator housing Applicable scope: about 1 to about 4 thickness (millimeter) about 2.5 to about 1 to larger about 1 to greatly
About 4 about 3 about 3 pressure mediums are formed inert fluids: about 70% to about 92%, preferably about (in gram-molecule) 79% to 90%; Oxygen: about 8% to about 30%, preferably
About 10% to about 21%CO+H2/ jet fuel gas (gram-molecule about 30 is to about 70/ gram-molecule) % jet fuel gas (gram-molecule)/jet about 0.3 to about 0.6 fuel (gram)
Helium about 0.5 in table 2 jet fuel (gram) passenger one side driver one side side aerator pressure medium pressure about 2000 to 7000 (pound per square inch) medium is to about 10, preferably about 1 to about 5 content (%)
Another embodiment of a kind of hybrid inflator can be used for the inflatable safety system 10 that one or more scheme of the present invention also can be included Fig. 1 in, is shown in Figure 16.Aerator 614 comprises: a cylindrical shape aerator housing 622 has a kind of pressure medium and offers gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1); And a gas generator 624, can generate jet fuel gas, be used to make pressure medium 620 to expand and lead to the air-flow of gas/safe capsule 18 with increase.
Gas generator shell 644 is welded in the left end perforate 642 of aerator housing 622, and its part is arranged on aerator housing 622 the insides.Be equipped with in cavity volume 645 the insides of gas generator shell 644 a kind of jet fuel 646 (such as, belong to above-mentioned all types of), the time can produce jet fuel gas in burning, and be provided with jet fuel ignition device 648.Gas generator shell 644 and jet fuel ignition device 648 all are provided with along the longitudinal axis 617 of aerator housing 622.
Jet fuel 646 can be a kind of nitramine jet fuel, and preferably comprise, such as, the RDX (six hydrogen trinitro-triazines) of about 70wt%, cellulose acetate and GAP (poly-mer of shrink water glyceryl azide) from about 5wt% to about 15wt% from about 5wt% to about 15wt%.Can produce during jet fuel 646 burning and comprise carbonic oxide and hydrogen at interior various fire gasess.
Gas generator shell 644 is held within it and is comprised a connected entrance 650, is generally blocked by one first plectane 652.One circular connector 626 is welded in left end perforate 625 places of aerator housing 622.One cap shape diffuser 630 is fixed in left end perforate 628 places of attaching parts 626.Diffuser 630 comprises a periphery wallboard 630a and a top wallboard 630b with many eyelets 632.Diffuser 630 is communicated with along axis 617 settings and with gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) fluid.
The right-hand member perforate of attaching parts 626 constitutes an outlet 634 of aerator housing 622.One second plectane 636 is arranged on outlet 634 places, generally blocks outlet 634.Diffuser 630 comprises a perforate 630c, is communicated with outlet 634 fluids.One block 640 has many eyelets 648, is fixed in attaching parts 626, so that seal outlet 634.Therefore, aerator housing 622 inside generally are that a periphery wallboard by two plectanes 636,652 and aerator housing 622 is closed.When first and second plectanes 652 and 636 split, cavity volume 645 was communicated in the inside of aerator housing 622 by connected entrance 650 fluids, and the inside of aerator housing 622 then is communicated in outlet 634 by eyelet 638 fluids simultaneously.
In an embodiment, preferably about 20 millimeters to about 70 millimeters of the distance between first and second plectane 652 and 636.The amount of the pressure medium 620 in the aerator housing 622 is in the scope of the extremely about 100cm3 of about 40cm3.The quantity of the pressure medium 620 of aerator housing 622 the insides in an embodiment more preferably from about 50 cm3s to about 90 cm3s.The inside of aerator housing 622 can remain under the high pressure of about 4000 pound per square inches.
When jet fuel ignition device 648 was come the signal of self-detector 612 in response to one and is triggered, jet fuel 646 produced various fire gasess with regard to blazing up.Fire gases comprises carbonic oxide and hydrogen.Fire gases has increased the pressure of gas generator shell 644 the insides and first plectane 652 that splits.Fire gases flows into aerator housings 622 by connected entrance 650 and mixes mutually with wherein pressure medium 620 then.
Second plectane 636 is to split owing to the pressure near it increases, and each eyelet 632 via outlet 634 and diffuser 630 is supplied high-pressure carbon dioxide, water vapour and unreactable gas to gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) after splitting.Thereby gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) can expand into a predetermined degree effectively in a preset time.
As mentioned above, in this embodiment, first and second plectanes 652,636 and diffuser 630 are arranged on the axis 617 of aerator housing 622, so that whole aerator can be made compact drum.Thereby aerator can be installed within the limited space securely, such as the car door inboard or the seat of vehicle, and does not need to revise the structure at car door or seat.
In this embodiment, jet fuel 646 can generate the various fire gasess that comprise carbonic oxide and hydrogen when burning.Oxygen in these fire gasess and the pressure medium 620 reacts and is changed into carbon dioxide and water vapour.Thereby gas/safe capsule 18 (Fig. 1) can be by basically the non-poisonous gas bulging of rider being got up.
Diffuser 630 is made the hat type shape and is comprised peripheral wallboard 630a and napex wallboard 630b.Diffuser 630 comprises that also the perforate 630c and the many and peripheral wallboard 630a that are communicated with outlet 634 fluids go up the eyelet 632 that perforate 630c fluid is communicated with.Thereby at gas when aerator housing 622 discharges, gas/safe capsule (Fig. 1) can by the gas of discharging the eyelet on many all directions 632 more effectively bulging get up.
Figure 16 A shows a modification of aerator among Figure 16.In this modification, gas generator shell 624 comprises a pedestal section 660 and a chamber section 662.Pedestal section 660 can support ignition device 648.Chamber section 662 puts jet fuel 646.One plectane 646 is arranged on pedestal section 660 and is fixed tightly between chamber section 662 and with them.Plectane 664 is generally sealed a through hole 666 of chamber section 662.Chamber section 662 is communicated with aerator housing 622 fluids via connected entrance 650.So the inside of chamber section 662 is under the pressure effect.
When ignition device 648 is triggered, directly split plectane 664 and light jet fuel of ignition device 648 to produce fire gases.Oxygen among fire gases and the pressure medium 620 reacts and is changed into carbon dioxide and water vapour.So gas/safe capsule can be by basically the non-poisonous gas bulging of rider being got up.
Above explanation of the present invention provides for illustrating and describe purpose.Secondly, this explanation is not to be confined to the present invention in this illustrated form.Thereby, with cooresponding change of above various description contents and correction, and experience in the correlative technology field or knowledge, all within category of the present invention.Illustrated before this every embodiment is intended to explain enforcement known optimal mode of the present invention, and make in the art other technical personnel can utilize the present invention in these or some other embodiment, and related be various particular application of the present invention and the necessary various corrections of purposes.Intention is, it is alternative every embodiment on the degree of being permitted by prior art that appended every claim can be construed to.
Claims (16)
1, a kind of hybrid inflator is used to have a kind of automobile inflating safety system of a gas/safe capsule, and described aerator comprises:
One aerator housing is equipped with a kind of pressure medium;
One cavity volume is arranged on described aerator housing the inside and a kind of jet fuel is housed;
One jet fuel ignition device;
One connected entrance is communicated with described cavity volume with described aerator shell fluid;
One first plectane is blocked described connected entrance usually, and by lighting breaking of jet fuel gas confession that described jet fuel generates;
One outlet is arranged on the described gas generator, in order to provide described pressure medium and described jet fuel gas from described aerator housing to gas/safe capsule;
One second plectane is blocked described outlet usually, and as described first plectane, is generated as described jet fuel gas and makes it to break by lighting described jet fuel;
One diffuser, be communicated in the described outlet of described aerator housing, described the one the second plectanes and described diffuser all are arranged on the common longitudinal axis of bar of aerator, wherein said diffuser is made the hat type shape, and have a peripheral wallboard and an end wallboard, described end wallboard has a perforate inside, is communicated with described outlet fluid, described peripheral wallboard comprises many eyelets, is communicated with described perforate fluid.
2, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Described pressure medium comprises a kind of inert fluid and oxygen.
3, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
Described jet fuel generates various combustible gases, and the oxygen among described gas and the described pressure medium reacts.
4, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
Described various fire gases comprises carbonic oxide and hydrogen, and described carbonic oxide and hydrogen are changed into carbon dioxide and water vapour respectively.
5, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
Distance between described first and second plectane is about 20 millimeters to about 70 millimeters.
6, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
The amount of the described pressure medium of described aerator housing the inside is that about 40 cm3s are to about 100 cm3s.
7, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
The amount of the described pressure medium of described aerator housing the inside is that about 50 cm3s are to about 90 cm3s.
8, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
Described diffuser is made the hat type shape and is had a peripheral wallboard and an end wallboard, and described end wallboard has a perforate inside, is communicated with described outlet fluid, and described peripheral wallboard comprises many eyelets, is communicated with described perforate fluid.
9, a kind of hybrid inflator is used to have a kind of automobile inflating safety system of a gas/safe capsule, and described aerator comprises:
One aerator housing is equipped with a kind of pressure medium;
One cavity volume is arranged on described aerator housing the inside and a kind of jet fuel is housed;
One jet fuel ignition device;
One connected entrance is communicated with described cavity volume with described aerator shell fluid;
One first plectane is made it to break by described ignition device;
One outlet is arranged on the described gas generator shell, in order to provide described pressure medium and described jet fuel gas from described aerator housing to gas/safe capsule;
One second plectane is blocked described outlet usually, and makes it to break by lighting described jet fuel gas and the described pressure medium that described jet fuel generates; And
One diffuser, be communicated in the described outlet of described aerator housing, described first and second plectanes and described diffuser all are arranged on the common longitudinal axis of aerator, wherein said diffuser is made the hat type shape, and have a peripheral wallboard and an end wallboard, described end wallboard has a perforate inside, is communicated with described outlet fluid, described peripheral wallboard comprises many eyelets, is communicated with described perforate fluid.
10, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
Described pressure medium comprises a kind of inert fluid and oxygen.
11, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 10, wherein:
Described jet fuel generates various fire gasess, and the oxygen among described these gases and the described pressure medium reacts.
12, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
Described various fire gases comprises carbonic oxide and hydrogen, and described carbonic oxide and hydrogen are changed into carbon dioxide and water vapour respectively.
13, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 9, wherein:
Distance between described first and second plectane is about 20 millimeters to about 70 millimeters.
14, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 13, wherein:
The amount of the described pressure medium of described aerator housing the inside is that about 40 cm3s are to about 100 cm3s.
15, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 14, wherein:
The amount of the described pressure medium of described aerator housing the inside is that about 50 cm3s are to about 90 cm3s.
16, a kind of hybrid inflator as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
Described diffuser is made the hat type shape and is had a peripheral wallboard and an end wallboard, and described end wallboard has a perforate inside, is communicated with described outlet fluid, and described peripheral wallboard comprises many eyelets, is communicated with described perforate fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US328657 | 1994-10-25 | ||
| US08/328,657 US5616883A (en) | 1994-03-18 | 1994-10-25 | Hybrid inflator and related propellants |
| US328,657 | 1994-10-25 | ||
| US38929795A | 1995-02-16 | 1995-02-16 | |
| US389,297 | 1995-02-16 | ||
| US389297 | 1995-02-16 | ||
| US51892395A | 1995-09-11 | 1995-09-11 | |
| US518,923 | 1995-09-11 | ||
| US518923 | 1995-09-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02102518 Division CN1205067C (en) | 1994-10-25 | 2002-01-25 | Mixing inflator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1164482A true CN1164482A (en) | 1997-11-12 |
| CN1080667C CN1080667C (en) | 2002-03-13 |
Family
ID=27406614
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95117650A Expired - Fee Related CN1080667C (en) | 1994-10-25 | 1995-10-25 | Compact side inflator |
| CN 02102518 Expired - Fee Related CN1205067C (en) | 1994-10-25 | 2002-01-25 | Mixing inflator |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02102518 Expired - Fee Related CN1205067C (en) | 1994-10-25 | 2002-01-25 | Mixing inflator |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100390077B1 (en) |
| CN (2) | CN1080667C (en) |
| IL (1) | IL115523A0 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199501313A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100364818C (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2008-01-30 | 自生Asp公司 | Pyrotechnic inflator for a vehicular airbag system |
| CN108025697A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-05-11 | 奥托立夫开发公司 | Gas generator |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1599044A (en) * | 1977-03-03 | 1981-09-30 | Fernandopulle P D | Wind powered solar still |
| US5290060A (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1994-03-01 | Morton International, Inc. | Hybrid gas generator for air bag inflatable restraint systems |
| US5351989A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-10-04 | Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. | Inflator assembly |
-
1995
- 1995-10-05 IL IL11552395A patent/IL115523A0/en unknown
- 1995-10-25 CN CN95117650A patent/CN1080667C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-25 TR TR95/01313A patent/TR199501313A2/en unknown
- 1995-10-25 KR KR1019950036954A patent/KR100390077B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-01-25 CN CN 02102518 patent/CN1205067C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100364818C (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2008-01-30 | 自生Asp公司 | Pyrotechnic inflator for a vehicular airbag system |
| CN108025697A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-05-11 | 奥托立夫开发公司 | Gas generator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR199501313A2 (en) | 1996-06-21 |
| IL115523A0 (en) | 1996-01-19 |
| KR100390077B1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
| CN1205067C (en) | 2005-06-08 |
| CN1080667C (en) | 2002-03-13 |
| CN1397459A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
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