CN116444530A - Method for preparing azepine [2,3-b:4,5-b' ] diindole by copper-catalyzed azidoamine - Google Patents

Method for preparing azepine [2,3-b:4,5-b' ] diindole by copper-catalyzed azidoamine Download PDF

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CN116444530A
CN116444530A CN202310270904.5A CN202310270904A CN116444530A CN 116444530 A CN116444530 A CN 116444530A CN 202310270904 A CN202310270904 A CN 202310270904A CN 116444530 A CN116444530 A CN 116444530A
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钱鹏程
唐从辉
李龙
陈毅
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Institute of New Materials and Industrial Technology of Wenzhou University
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D491/14—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/147—Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D495/14—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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Abstract

The invention discloses a copper-catalyzed azido propargylamine for preparing azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Method for the diindole formation by copper-catalyzed tandem cyclization/C (sp 2 ) The H cyclization reaction provides a simple and flexible synthesis of azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The method of bisindole has the advantages of wide substrate range, excellent functional group tolerance, simple operation, mild reaction condition and the like.

Description

Method for preparing azepine [2,3-b:4,5-b' ] diindole by copper-catalyzed azidoamine
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and in particular relates to a method for preparing aza from azidoalkyline by copper catalysisAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']A method for preparing diindole.
Background
Indole derivatives are a valuable azacyclic ring, constitute an important and abundant source of many natural products and clinical drugs, and have received great attention. Wherein for containing azaThe N-heterocycles of the diindole skeleton (formula shown below) have been shown to exhibit good biological activity against cancer and HIV. Although the prior art discloses various methods for synthesizing such compounds, developments have been made for constructing aza +.>Efficient and direct methods of diindole backbones remain an important challenge and highly desirable problem in modern organic synthesis.
The α -iminocarbene obtained from readily available azido-alkynes has proven to be an active and powerful intermediate for many decades, for the efficient synthesis of a wide variety of structurally complex and valuable N-heterocyclic compounds by multifunctional transformations via various nucleophiles, such as 1, 2-migration, X-H insertion, cyclization, cyclopropanation, etc. Toste in 2005 reported the first example of the production of α -iminocarbene by gold-catalyzed azido-alkyne cyclization (J.Am.chem.Soc.2005, 127, 11260), this gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization strategy has become a popular strategy for synthesizing various N-heterocyclic compounds as researchers continue to study deeply. Recently, gaGosz (Angew.Chem., int.Ed.2022, e 202212893) and Ohno (Angew.Chem., int.Ed.2022, e 202213653), respectively, demonstrated a very similar approach, through gold-catalyzed C (sp 3 ) -H functionalization to synthesize indole derivatives. In 2020, the Ye topic group realized the firstCopper-catalyzed cyclization of azide-alkynes to produce α -iminocopper carbenes has led to the enantioselective synthesis of various polycyclic N-heterocycles (Angew.Chem., int.Ed.2020,59,17984). Despite great progress, the cyclization of these azide-alkynes is largely limited to gold catalysts, and not noble metal catalyzed versions have been rarely reported. Meanwhile, azidobenzenes are commonly reacted as nitrogen transfer agents with gold catalysts to form α -iminocarbenes, but studies to form α -iminonon-noble metal carbenes have not been reported. Furthermore, azidobenzenes are more challenging than azidobenzenes to initiate this new cyclization reaction due to their weaker nucleophilicity. Therefore, further investigation of various conversion reactions under non-noble metal catalysis conditions to form α -iminometal carbenes is of great value and potential.
The inventors have recently been motivated by the task group of the inventors to synthesize N-containing heterocycles based on alkyne conversion (Angew.Chem., int.Ed.2023, e202215616; j.am.chem.soc.2022,144,6981; chem.Commun.2021,57,5032;Org.Lett.2022,24,7009), which envisages that indoles might trap as nucleophiles α -iminocopper carbenes formed from phenyl azidoalkylamines, thereby obtaining dearylic polycyclic N-heterocycles (chem.rev.2021, 121,9039; acc.Chem.Res.2020,53,2003;Angew.Chem, int.ed.2020,59,1666). However, unlike the presumed mechanism, no dearylation of the product was observed, but a reaction derived from direct C (sp 2 ) -H cyclized azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Diindole, and thus completed the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to enrich the prior art for preparing azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The synthetic approach of diindole compounds provides a novel copper-catalyzed cascade cyclization/C (sp) of azidophenylacetylamine compounds and alpha-iminocopper carbenes 2 ) H cyclization reaction, which provides a simple and flexible reactionIs->And [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The method of bisindole has the characteristics of wide substrate range, excellent functional group tolerance, simple operation, mild reaction conditions and the like.
The invention provides a copper-catalyzed azidoamine compound for preparing azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']A method of diindole comprising the steps of:
the azidoalkylamine compound shown in the formula 1 and the catalyst are dissolved in an organic solvent to react under stirring at 60-100 ℃, and the aza shown in the formula 2 is obtained after the reaction is completed and the aftertreatment is carried outAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Diindole compounds of the formula:
in the above reaction formula, R a ,R b Independently of one another selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxy group; or R is a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxy group.
X is O, S or NR; wherein R is hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Acyl, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group.
PG is an amino protecting group.
R 3 Selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxy, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group;
R 1 represents substituents on benzene rings, R 1 The number is optionally 1,2,3Or 4, each R 1 Substituents independently of one another are selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxy, C 1-6 Haloalkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group; or two adjacent R 1 The substituents being linked to each other and to two R 1 Together form a benzene ring structure.
According to the aforementioned method of the invention, preferably R a ,R b Independently of each other selected from hydrogen; or R is a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy.
According to the aforementioned method of the present invention, preferably, X is O, S or NR, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.
Further preferably, R a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy; and X is NR, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.
According to the aforementioned method of the invention, PG is an amino protecting group selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonyl, p-bromophenylsulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl.
According to the method of the invention, R 3 Selected from hydrogen, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.
According to the method of the invention, R 1 Represents substituents on benzene rings, R 1 The number is preferably 1 and is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl; or two adjacent R 1 The substituents being linked to each other and to two R 1 Together form a benzene ring structure.
Most preferably, the azidoalkylamine compound represented by formula 1 is selected from the following compounds 1a to 1y:
in the process of the invention, the catalyst used is a non-noble metal catalyst selected from La (OTf) 3 ,Zn(OTf) 2 ,Sm(OTf) 3 ,Y(OTf) 3 Or one or a combination of several of CuOTf, preferably CuOTf. The catalyst is used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.2 equivalents, preferably 0.1 equivalents, based on the molar amount of the azidoamine compound represented by formula 1.
In the method of the present invention, the organic solvent used is a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent such as any one or a combination of several of methylene chloride, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, preferably 1, 2-dichloroethane. The amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly limited, so that the reaction mixture is uniformly dispersed and stirred.
According to the aforementioned process of the present invention, the reaction temperature is preferably 60 to 80 ℃, more preferably 80 ℃; the reaction time is 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 2 hours.
According to the method of the invention, the post-treatment operation is as follows: cooling to room temperature after the reaction is completed, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and separating by silica gel column chromatography to obtain aza shown in formula 2And [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The diindole compound is characterized in that the eluting solvent of silica gel column chromatography is petroleum ether/ethyl acetate mixed solvent, and the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 6:1-4:1.
Compared with the prior art, the synthesis method has the following advantages:
the invention provides a novel copper-catalyzed cascade cyclization/C (sp) of azidophenylacetylamine compound and alpha-iminocopper carbene for the first time 2 ) H cyclization reactions, which do not require the use of noble metal catalysts, provide a simple and flexible synthesis of azaAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The method of bisindole has the advantages of wide substrate range, excellent functional group tolerance, simple operation, mild reaction condition and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. In this context, unless otherwise specified, each reagent used is purchased from a conventional commercial source and is not subjected to further purification treatment.
Synthesizing raw materials: in the invention, the synthesis of the raw materials is prepared by referring to the classical synthesis method in the prior art, and specifically, the raw material compounds of the formulas 1 a-1 y are all prepared by the following synthesis routes:
examples 1 to 19 reaction condition optimization experiments
The effect of azidoalkylamine compound of formula 1a on the reaction under different experimental conditions is discussed by using azidoalkylamine compound as template substrate, and the results are shown in table 1, and the reaction formula is as follows:
table 1:
in the table 1, the contents of the components, a reaction conditions: 1 a=0.1m; DCE:1, 2-dichloroethane; b by diethyl phthalate as an internal standard 1 H NMR measurement of yield.
Substrate development test
On the basis of obtaining the optimal reaction conditions (example 10), the substituent adaptation of the target product under the optimal reaction conditions (catalyst CuOTf 10mol%,80 ℃, DCE,2 h) was further investigated.
Example 20 taking the preparation of compound 2a as an example, a typical test procedure is as follows:
azidoalkylamine compound (95.9 mg,0.2mmol,1 eq.) of formula 1a, cuOTf (0.02 mmol,4 mg) and DCE (4 mL) were sequentially added to a reactor, then the reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃for 2 hours, the consumption of the raw materials was detected by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, and the residue was separated by chromatography on a silica gel column (300-400 mesh) (eluting solvent petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, volume ratio: 6:1 to 4:1) to give 72.2mg of aza shown in formula 2aAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Bisindole compound, 80% yield, white solid, mp 197.1-197.6 ℃; the single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern of this compound is shown in figure 1, ccdc:2085688. 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.69(s,1H),8.27(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.58(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.51(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.42–7.23(m,4H),7.17(t,J＝7.6Hz,1H),4.34(s,2H),2.98(s,2H),2.66(s,3H),1.25(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.2,137.2,133.9,131.6,131.1,129.0,125.1,124.4,123.5,123.1,121.0,120.5,117.8,117.6,115.4,111.6,106.6,84.0,58.5,36.7,27.5,22.4；IR(neat):3410,2925,1739(s),1708,1438,1375,1193,1052,832,742,657cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 25 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :474.1458,found:474.1463。
EXAMPLES 21-44 Allazidine Compounds of alternative formula 1a were prepared by following the same reaction conditions and procedures as in example 20 except that the azido alkynylamine compounds of formulae 1b to 1y were used as substrates for the reaction to give aza compounds of formulae 2b to 2yAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Bisindole compounds, the results are shown below:
structural characterization:
compound 2b: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ9.29(s,1H),8.10(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.42(t,J＝6.4Hz,2H),7.35(dd,J＝8.8,2.0Hz,2H),7.32–7.19(m,4H),7.13(t,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.06(dd,J＝8.8,2.0Hz,2H),4.36(s,2H),2.77(s,2H),1.48(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ149.6,137.2,136.2,134.1,131.5,131.33,131.30,128.5,128.4,127.4,125.1,124.2,123.3,122.7,121.5,120.2,117.1,116.9,115.4,111.7,106.3,83.8,59.0,27.7,21.8；IR(neat):3405,2928,1734(s),1698,1447,1368,1172,1049,835,739,653cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 29 H 26 BrN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :614.0720,found:614.0721。
compound 2c: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.80(s,1H),8.13(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.56(d,J＝7.6Hz,2H),7.44(dd,J＝19.6,8.0Hz,2H),7.31–7.22(m,3H),7.22–7.07(m,3H),7.01(t,J＝7.6Hz,2H),4.33(t,J＝6.0Hz,2H),2.80(s,2H),1.33(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ149.9,138.2,136.6,133.8,132.3,131.8,131.3,128.6,128.2,127.0,125.4,123.9,123.2,122.5,121.5,120.3,117.3,117.0,115.3,111.5,106.0,83.7,58.4,27.5,21.9；IR(neat):3397,2924,1735(s),1701,1437,1357,1169,1045,838,742,654cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 29 H 27 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :536.1614,found:536.1627。
compound 2d: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.79(s,1H),8.16(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.52–7.36(m,4H),7.31–7.17(m,4H),7.14(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),6.78(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),4.31(s,2H),2.78(s,2H),2.02(s,3H),1.32(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.0,143.6,136.7,135.4,133.8,132.1,131.4,128.8,128.7,127.1,125.5,123.8,123.1,122.6,121.5,120.2,117.2,117.0,115.2,111.5,106.0,83.7,58.2,27.5,21.9,21.3；IR(neat):3401,2927,1730(s),1700,1458,1365,1165,1052,830,744,657cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 30 H 29 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :550.1771,found:550.1781。
compound 2e: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.87(s,1H),8.16(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.43(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.33–7.19(m,3H),7.19–7.10(m,1H),6.93(t,J＝9.2Hz,1H),4.24(s,2H),2.90(s,2H),2.58(s,3H),1.26(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ158.2(d,J＝236.5Hz),150.2,137.2,132.6,131.1,130.5,129.1,125.4(d,J＝10.5Hz),124.6,123.2,118.0,117.7,115.5,112.6(d,J＝9.5Hz),111.9(d,J＝26.0Hz),106.7(d,J＝4.5Hz),106.2(d,J＝24.5Hz),84.3,58.3,37.0,27.7,22.5； 19 F NMR(471MHz,CDCl 3 )δ-122.87(s)；IR(neat):3395,2932,1738(s),1694,1448,1351,1179,1035,837,724,668cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 FN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :492.1364,found:492.1369。
compound 2f: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.87(s,1H),8.26(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.53(d,J＝10.8Hz,2H),7.43–7.29(m,3H),7.23(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),3.02(s,2H),2.68(s,3H),1.34(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.1,137.2,132.22,132.17,130.8,128.9,126.4,126.0,124.6,123.8,123.2,120.6,118.2,117.7,115.5,112.7,106.2,84.4,58.4,36.9,27.6,22.4；IR(neat):3409,2930,1732(s),1697,1454,1357,1178,1055,833,734,642cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 ClN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :508.1068,found:508.1070。
compound 2g: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.97(s,1H),8.27(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.53(d,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.43–7.23(m,4H),4.35(s,2H),2.96(s,2H),2.68(s,3H),1.35(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.1,137.1,132.5,132.0,130.8,128.9,126.6,126.3,124.6,123.5,123.2,118.2,117.7,115.5,113.8,113.2,106.0,84.4,58.5,36.8,27.7,22.4；IR(neat):3398,2921,1739(s),1678,1438,1369,1162,1044,831,735,623cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 BrN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :552.0563,found:552.0569。
compound 2h: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.74(s,1H),8.31(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.54(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.43–7.28(m,4H),7.11(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),4.28(s,2H),2.92(s,2H),2.67(s,3H),2.45(s,3H),1.28(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.2,137.2,132.2,131.7,131.1,129.6,129.0,125.2,124.9,124.3,123.0,120.6,117.6,117.5,115.3,111.4,106.1,84.0,58.5,36.6,27.4,22.4,21.4；IR(neat):3410,2945,1724(s),1688,1437,1359,1162,1039,824,729,644cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :488.1614,found:488.1619。
compound 2i: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.81(s,1H),8.30(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.54(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.42–7.28(m,3H),7.03(d,J＝2.5Hz,1H),6.95(dd,J＝9.0,2.5Hz,1H),4.42(s,2H),3.84(s,3H),3.05(s,2H),2.66(s,3H),1.29(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ154.6,150.2,137.2,131.8,131.5,129.1,129.0,125.5,124.3,123.1,117.7,117.6,115.4,113.7,112.6,106.5,102.7,84.0,58.6,55.8,36.6,27.6,22.3；IR(neat):3402,2927,1730(s),1684,1446,1355,1183,1059,845,736,650cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 5 S[M+Na] + :504.1564,found:504.1568。
compound 2j: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.85(s,1H),8.26(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.55–7.46(m,2H),7.41–7.35(m,1H),7.33(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.09(dd,J＝9.5,2.0Hz,1H),6.95(td,J＝9.0,2.5Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.99(s,2H),2.67(s,3H),1.30(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ160.4(d,J＝240.0Hz),150.2,137.2,134.1(d,J＝12.5Hz),131.4(d,J＝3.0Hz),131.2,129.0,124.6,123.2,122.0(d,J＝9.5Hz),121.7,118.2,117.7,115.5,109.3(d,J＝24.5Hz),106.8,98.1(d,J＝26.5Hz),84.2,58.5,36.8,27.6,22.5； 19 F NMR(471MHz,CDCl 3 )δ-118.25(s)；IR(neat):3400,2932,1730(s),1688,1430,1372,1163,1035,829,740,655cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 FN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :492.1364,found:492.1381。
compound 2k: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.87(s,1H),8.25(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.52(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.48(d,J＝8.5Hz,1H),7.42–7.30(m,3H),7.15(dd,J＝8.5,2.0Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.99(s,2H),2.67(s,3H),1.31(s,9H)； 13 CNMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.2,137.2,134.3,131.7,131.0,129.3,129.0,124.6,123.6,123.2,122.0,121.2,118.3,117.7,115.5,111.6,106.7,84.2,58.4,36.7,27.7,22.4；IR(neat):3398,2938,1732(s),1677,1436,1370,1170,1050,831,744,655cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 ClN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :508.1068,found:508.1072。
compound 2l: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.87(s,1H),8.25(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.57(s,1H),7.53(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.46–7.24(m,4H),4.34(s,2H),2.99(s,2H),2.68(s,3H),1.32(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.1,137.2,134.7,131.6,130.9,129.0,124.6,123.9,123.8,123.2,122.3,118.3,117.7,116.8,115.5,114.6,106.7,84.2,58.5,36.9,27.7,22.4；IR(neat):3403,2918,1740(s),1699,1438,1322,1152,1024,833,750,643cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 BrN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :552.0563,found:552.0560。
compound 2m: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ9.13(s,1H),8.25(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.66(d,J＝8.5Hz,1H),7.54(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.37–7.31(m,1H),4.35(s,2H),3.00(s,2H),2.70(s,3H),1.32(s,9H)； 13 CNMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.2,137.2,133.4,132.9,130.7,128.9,127.3,125.9(q,J＝31.5Hz),124.7,123.7,123.2,121.5,118.5,117.7,117.0(q,J＝3.5Hz),115.5,109.3(q,J＝4.5Hz),106.6,84.3,58.5,37.0,27.7,22.4； 19 F NMR(471MHz,CDCl 3 )δ-60.97(s)；IR(neat):3402,2925,1735(s),1677,1449,1366,1170,1045,832,740,654cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 24 F 3 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :542.1332,found:542.1336。
compound 2n: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.56(s,1H),8.26(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.51(d,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.46(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.40–7.29(m,2H),7.19(s,1H),7.01(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.98(s,2H),2.66(s,3H),2.48(s,3H),1.29(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.3,137.2,134.4,133.4,131.8,130.6,129.1,124.3,123.01,122.96,122.3,120.7,117.7,117.6,115.4,111.5,106.5,84.0,58.4,36.7,27.6,22.5,21.8；IR(neat):3396,2914,1727(s),1689,1450,1358,1159,1038,834,729,655cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :488.1614,found:488.1626。
compound 2o: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ9.29(s,1H),8.27(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.87(d,J＝8.5Hz,1H),7.61(d,J＝8.5Hz,1H),7.53(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.39(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.33(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),4.35(s,2H),3.97(s,3H),3.00(s,2H),2.69(s,3H),1.28(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ167.7,150.2,137.3,133.9,133.3,130.8,129.0,128.6,125.1,124.7,123.2,121.5,120.7,118.3,117.7,115.5,114.0,106.7,84.3,58.3,52.1,37.1,27.7,22.4；IR(neat):3408,2938,1725(s),1695,1430,1355,1170,1033,847,740,655cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 26 H 27 N 3 NaO 6 S[M+Na] + :532.1513,found:532.1545。
compound 2p: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ9.18(s,1H),8.46(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),8.11(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.92(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J＝9.0Hz,1H),7.60(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.54(d,J＝9.0Hz,1H),7.47–7.35(m,4H),4.52–4.44(m,1H),4.42–4.36(m,1H),3.10–3.02(m,1H),2.93–2.82(m,1H),2.46(s,3H),0.72(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ149.8,137.0,132.1,131.0,129.6,129.0,128.9,128.6,128.4,126.4,124.7,123.8,123.23,123.21,119.7,119.3,117.7,115.9,112.9,108.6,84.1,60.9,36.1,26.9,21.7；IR(neat):3401,2917,1729(s),1699,1432,1357,1152,1039,838,724,659cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 28 H 27 NaN 3 O 4 S[M+Na] + :524.1614,found:524.1616。
compound 2q: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.69(s,1H),8.35(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.55(d,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.41–7.31(m,2H),7.25(d,J＝5.2Hz,1H),7.20(t,J＝7.6Hz,1H),6.98(d,J＝7.2Hz,1H),4.50–4.30(m,2H),3.01(dd,J＝15.2,3.2Hz,1H),2.89–2.74(m,1H),2.44(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),1.13(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.0,136.9,134.4,132.3,131.0,130.6,128.2,125.0,124.4,123.5,123.2,122.1,119.0,117.5,115.8,109.3,107.0,84.0,60.9,36.1,27.2,21.6,19.6；IR(neat):3401,2900,1726(s),1677,1444,1330,1156,1023,830,732cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :488.1614,found:488.1623。
compound 2r: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.87(s,1H),8.19(d,J＝9.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.48(s,1H),7.41(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.33–7.25(m,2H),7.19(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),4.33(s,2H),2.93(s,2H),2.65(s,3H),1.25(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ149.9,135.6,134.0,133.1,131.5,130.3,128.9,125.0,124.3,123.5,120.9,120.6,117.2,117.0,116.4,111.7,106.1,84.5,58.4,36.7,27.5,22.4；IR(neat):3402,2908,1725(s),1688,1444,1347,1169,1035,830,732,658cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 24 H 24 ClN 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :508.1068,found:508.1071。
compound 2s: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.76(s,1H),8.15(d,J＝8.5Hz,1H),7.59(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.40(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.33–7.25(m,2H),7.19(dd,J＝14.5,7.5Hz,2H),4.33(s,2H),2.97(s,2H),2.66(s,3H),2.50(s,3H),1.25(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ150.3,135.5,134.0,132.6,131.6,131.1,129.2,125.7,125.2,123.4,121.1,120.5,117.64,117.56,115.1,111.6,106.8,83.8,58.6,36.7,27.5,22.4,21.3；IR(neat):3396,2924,1735(s),1684,1437,1378,1166,1052,824,730,632cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 4 S[M+Na] + :488.1614,found:488.1621。
compound 2t: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.78(s,1H),8.15(d,J＝9.5Hz,1H),7.57(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.29–7.24(m,1H),7.16(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),6.99–6.93(m,2H),4.34(s,2H),3.89(s,3H),2.94(s,2H),2.65(s,3H),1.24(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ156.4,150.2,134.0,132.3,131.9,131.2,129.9,125.2,123.4,121.1,120.5,117.7,116.2,112.7,111.6,106.7,100.7,83.9,58.6,55.8,36.7,27.5,22.4；IR(neat):3408,2925,1730(s),1692,1442,1360,1173,1042,855,742,623cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 25 H 27 N 3 NaO 5 S[M+Na] + :504.1564,found:504.1569。
compound 2u: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ9.06(s,1H),8.32(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.63–7.50(m,2H),7.48–7.28(m,4H),7.19(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),5.30(dd,J＝13.0,4.5Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.42(dd,J＝14.5,4.5Hz,1H),2.70(t,J＝14.0Hz,1H),2.57(s,3H),1.27(s,9H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ171.1,149.8,137.0,134.3,132.5,130.3,128.5,124.6,123.7,123.23,121.20,120.6,117.6,115.7,112.0,107.5,84.4,72.9,52.9,37.0,27.5,25.4；IR(neat):3400,2939,1735(s),1693,1457,1358,1170,1055,825,735,650cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 26 H 27 N 3 NaO 6 S[M+Na] + :532.1513,found:532.1523。
compound 2v: 1 H NMR(500MHz,Acetone)δ10.54(s,1H),10.23(s,1H),8.29(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.53(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.28(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.22(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.15(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.09(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),4.12(t,J＝5.5Hz,2H),3.44(t,J＝5.5Hz,2H),2.90(s,3H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,Acetone)δ137.6,135.4,134.1,130.2,130.1,124.5,123.4,122.2,121.1,120.5,120.1,118.3,112.7,112.0,108.3,102.6,48.6,40.9,26.6；IR(neat):3409,3395,2934,1729(s),1455,1358,1170,1033,847,732,650cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 19 H 17 N 3 NaO 2 S[M+Na] + :374.0934,found:374.0928。
compound 2w: 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.96(s,1H),7.67(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.56(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.42(t,J＝7.6Hz,2H),7.33–7.15(m,4H),4.32(t,J＝6.0Hz,2H),3.91(s,3H),3.06(t,J＝6.4Hz,2H),2.42(s,3H)； 13 C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3 )δ138.1,134.3,133.2,132.8,127.4,124.2,123.4,121.6,121.0,120.3,119.8,117.6,111.9,110.6,109.7,103.6,59.1,36.8,32.5,22.6；IR(neat):3452,2945,1756(s),1745,1435,1374,1194,1047,811,752,678cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 20 H 19 N 3 NaO 2 S[M+Na] + :388.1090,found:388.1084。
compound 2x: 1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.98(s,1H),8.47(d,J＝9.0Hz,1H),7.59(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.52–7.46(m,1H),7.42–7.36(m,1H),7.35–7.24(m,4H),4.55–3.79(m,2H),3.46–3.17(m,2H),2.85(s,3H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,CDCl 3 )δ153.8,148.3,133.5,131.8,129.5,123.7,123.6,123.5,122.8,121.7,121.3,118.0,111.11,110.98,109.8,100.7,46.2,40.8,24.6；IR(neat):3994,2938,1732(s),1434,1365,1170,1031,805,759,622cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 19 H 16 N 2 NaO 3 S[M+Na] + :375.0774,found:375.0778。
compound 2y: 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ11.47(s,1H),7.99(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.43–7.36(m,2H),7.21–7.11(m,2H),6.97(d,J＝5.2Hz,1H),3.83(t,J＝5.2Hz,2H),3.29(t,J＝5.6Hz,2H),3.13(s,3H)； 13 C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ133.8,132.50,132.46,130.45,130.35,123.7,122.1,121.2,120.0,119.4,111.7,101.8,46.8,40.4,31.4；IR(neat):3935,2986,1730(s),1441,1396,1186,1025,805,655cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 15 H 14 N 2 NaO 2 S 2 [M+Na] + :341.0389,found:341.0392。
example 45 Process amplification and application test
Taking azidoamine compound of formula 1a as an example, a reaction was carried out in accordance with the method of example 20 under the condition of gram-scale feeding (2.5 mmol), and the preparation was still successfulPreparation of the aza of formula 2aAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The bisindole compounds maintain good yields, which suggests that the synthetic methods of the present invention are suitable for scale-up production.
Further, an aza of formula 2aAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Bisindole compound in KOH/O 2 In the presence of ethanol solvent, heating reaction to perform deprotection/epoxidation/ring-opening reaction smoothly to prepare the compound 3a, and the specific operation is as follows:
to the reactor, compound 2a (0.2 mmol,0.09 g), ethanol (4 mL), KOH (4 mmol,0.22 g) were sequentially added, then the mixture was stirred under an oxygen atmosphere at 80℃for reaction for 26 hours, cooled to room temperature after the reaction was completed, celite pad was filtered and washed with ethyl acetate, the organic solvent was removed by vacuum concentration, and the residue was separated by silica gel column chromatography (eluting solvent was petroleum ether/ethyl acetate, volume ratio 4:1-2:1) to give 44mg of pale yellow solid product represented by formula 3a, yield 60%. The single crystal X-ray diffraction pattern of this compound is shown in figure 2, ccdc:2085690. 1 H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ11.59(s,1H),8.15(d,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J＝13.5,7.5Hz,2H),7.41(d,J＝7.0Hz,1H),7.34(t,J＝7.5Hz,1H),7.23–7.11(m,3H),5.89(s,1H),4.36(dt,J＝15.5,5.0Hz,1H),3.81–3.66(m,1H),3.33(s,3H),2.85–2.65(m,1H),2.07–1.86(m,1H)； 13 C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d 6 )δ177.0,154.7,142.4,139.4,134.1,129.1,125.5,124.6,122.5,122.0,120.93,120.86,119.5,111.6,101.8,82.9,47.5,40.8,36.0；IR(neat):3410,3385,2928,1730(s),1619,1437,1342,1163,1037,834,725cm -1 ；HRMS(ESI,m/z)calcd.for C 19 H 18 N 3 O 3 S[M+H] + :368.1063,found:368.1070。

Claims (9)

1. preparation of aza by copper-catalyzed azidoamine compoundAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']A method of diindole comprising the steps of:
the azidoalkylamine compound shown in the formula 1 and the catalyst are dissolved in an organic solvent to react under stirring at 60-100 ℃, and the aza shown in the formula 2 is obtained after the reaction is completed and the aftertreatment is carried outAnd [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']Diindole compounds of the formula:
in the above reaction formula, R a ,R b Independently of one another selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxy group; or R is a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxy group;
x is O, S or NR; wherein R is hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Acyl, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group;
PG is an amino protecting group;
R 3 selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxy, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group;
R 1 represents substituents on benzene rings, R 1 The number is optionally 1,2,3 or 4, each R 1 Substituents independently of one another are selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, C 1-6 Alkoxy, C 1-6 Haloalkyl, C 1-6 An alkoxycarbonyl group; or two adjacent R 1 The substituents being linked to each other and to two R 1 Together form a benzene ring structure;
and wherein the catalyst is La (OTf) 3 ,Zn(OTf) 2 ,Sm(OTf) 3 ,Y(OTf) 3 Or one or a combination of several of CuOTf; the organic solvent is a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein R a ,R b Independently of each other selected from hydrogen; or R is a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy;
and/or X is O, S or NR, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein R a ,R b Are connected to each other and to the connection R a ,R b Is formed by R together with carbon atoms of 2 A substituted benzene ring, wherein R 2 Selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy; and X is NR, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein PG is an amino protecting group selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonyl, p-bromophenylsulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl, benzenesulfonyl;
and/or R 3 Selected from hydrogen, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl;
and/or R 1 Represents substituents on benzene rings, R 1 The number is preferably 1 and is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl; or two adjacent R 1 The substituents being linked to each other and to two R 1 Together form a benzene ring structure.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the azidoamine compound represented by formula 1 is selected from the following compounds 1a to 1y:
6. the method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the catalyst is CuOTf; the catalyst is used in an amount of 0.05 to 0.2 equivalents, preferably 0.1 equivalents, based on the molar amount of the azidoamine compound represented by formula 1.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the organic solvent is any one or a combination of several of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene; preferably 1, 2-dichloroethane.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the reaction temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, more preferably 80 ℃; the reaction time is 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 2 hours.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the post-processing operation is as follows: cooling to room temperature after the reaction is completed, concentrating under reduced pressure to remove the solvent, and separating by silica gel column chromatography to obtain aza shown in formula 2And [2,3-b:4,5-b ]']The diindole compound is characterized in that the eluting solvent of silica gel column chromatography is petroleum ether/ethyl acetate mixed solvent, and the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 6:1-4:1.
CN202310270904.5A 2023-03-20 2023-03-20 Method for preparing azepine [2,3-b:4,5-b' ] diindole by copper-catalyzed azidoamine Pending CN116444530A (en)

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