CN116436298A - Direct current converter circuit and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Direct current converter circuit and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN116436298A CN116436298A CN202310687556.1A CN202310687556A CN116436298A CN 116436298 A CN116436298 A CN 116436298A CN 202310687556 A CN202310687556 A CN 202310687556A CN 116436298 A CN116436298 A CN 116436298A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a direct current converter circuit and an electric vehicle, and relates to the technical field of electric equipment. The direct-current converter circuit comprises a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module; the pre-stage BOOST module comprises an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, a first power MOS tube, a second power MOS tube and a bus capacitor, wherein the input voltage, the energy storage inductor, the first power MOS tube and the bus capacitor are sequentially connected to form a BOOST loop; one end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the energy storage inductor and the first power MOS tube, and the other end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the input voltage and the bus capacitor; the rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module comprises a rear-stage rectification current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectification output sub-module, wherein the rear-stage rectification current sub-module is respectively connected with the bus capacitor and the main power transformer, and the main power transformer is connected with the synchronous rectification output sub-module.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric equipment, in particular to a direct current converter circuit and an electric vehicle.
Background
At present, in the classification of new energy electric automobiles, for example, the classification is carried out according to the voltage platform of the whole automobile, and the classification can be divided into a low-voltage platform and a high-voltage platform. Under the condition of the same output power, the low-voltage platform current is larger, the whole vehicle wire harness is thicker, and the cost is higher; the high-voltage platform has smaller current, the whole vehicle wire harness is thinned, the weight is reduced, and the cost is reduced, so that the high-voltage of the whole vehicle voltage platform is one of the trends of the development of new energy automobiles. The voltage range of the low-voltage trolley type power battery is 150-500V, and the voltage range of the high-voltage trolley type power battery is 500-1000V. Therefore, the high-voltage trolley type voltage is doubled compared with the low-voltage trolley type voltage, the current of the corresponding main power is doubled, the copper loss of the product operation is reduced by about four times, the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the cruising duration can be further improved. Aiming at each control or execution component of the current whole vehicle, the stability and response speed of a main power circuit topology output loop have inherent working ranges, and the balance of the performance of the main power circuit topology output loop and the response speed needs to be taken, so that the regulation and control range is narrower under the normal condition; furthermore, the upper and lower working limit parameters of the power component have the inherent range of the component, beyond which the performance of the component can be seriously slipped down, even the component can not work or be directly damaged, for example, the working voltage exceeds the limiting parameters of the component, so that the failure probability of the component is greatly increased, the current product is generally suitable for a low-voltage platform or a high-voltage platform trolley, and the ultra-wide range operation of the high-voltage platform and the low-voltage platform can not be realized. Therefore, each part of the whole vehicle needs to develop two products with the same functions and different working voltages, and the products are respectively suitable for high-voltage platform vehicles and low-voltage platform vehicles, so that repeated investment of development expenses is caused.
In the prior art, in order to be suitable for high-low pressure platform motorcycle type, two products with the same functions and only different working voltages are developed and designed for each part of the whole vehicle high pressure. The verification period is typically one or two years for DCDC converter product software development. Two products with the same functions are developed, manpower and material resources are required to be developed, the calibration test cost is required to be input according to twice budget, the development cost is high, and the development period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a direct current converter circuit and an electric vehicle, wherein the direct current converter circuit can be compatible with a high-low voltage trolley type, and the technical effects of reducing development cost and shortening development period are achieved.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a dc converter circuit, including a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubler synchronous rectification module;
the pre-stage BOOST module comprises an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, a first power MOS tube, a second power MOS tube and a bus capacitor, wherein the input voltage, the energy storage inductor, the first power MOS tube and the bus capacitor are sequentially connected to form a BOOST loop; one end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the energy storage inductor and the first power MOS tube, and the other end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the input voltage and the bus capacitor;
the rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module comprises a rear-stage rectification current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectification output sub-module, wherein the rear-stage rectification current sub-module is respectively connected with the bus capacitor and the main power transformer, and the main power transformer is connected with the synchronous rectification output sub-module.
Further, the rear-stage rectifying current submodule comprises four primary side power MOS tubes: the first primary power MOS tube, the second primary power MOS tube, the third primary power MOS tube and the fourth primary power MOS tube are connected in series, and the third primary power MOS tube is connected in series with the fourth primary power MOS tube.
Further, the first primary side power MOS tube and the second primary side power MOS tube are respectively connected with the bus capacitor, and the third primary side power MOS tube and the fourth primary side power MOS tube are respectively connected with the bus capacitor.
Further, the main power transformer comprises a primary coil, one end of the primary coil is connected between the first primary power MOS tube and the second primary power MOS tube, and the other end of the primary coil is connected between the third primary power MOS tube and the fourth primary power MOS tube.
Further, the rear-stage rectifying current sub-module further comprises a resonant inductor, and one end of the primary coil is connected with the first primary power MOS tube and the second primary power MOS tube through the resonant inductor.
Further, the rear-stage rectifying current sub-module further comprises a resonance capacitor, and the other end of the primary coil is connected with the third primary power MOS tube and the fourth primary power MOS tube through the resonance capacitor.
Further, the synchronous rectification output submodule comprises two synchronous rectification power MOS tubes: the power transformer comprises a main power transformer, a first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and a second synchronous rectification power MOS tube, wherein the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube are connected in series, and the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube are respectively connected with a secondary coil of the main power transformer.
Further, the synchronous rectification output sub-module further comprises a first follow current inductor and a second follow current inductor, wherein the first follow current inductor is connected to one end of the secondary side coil of the main power transformer, and the second follow current inductor is connected to the other end of the secondary side coil of the main power transformer.
Further, the synchronous rectification output sub-module further comprises an output filter capacitor, one end of the output filter capacitor is connected between the first follow current inductor and the second follow current inductor, and the other end of the output filter capacitor is connected between the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube.
In the implementation process, the direct-current converter circuit is provided with a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module, wherein in the front-stage BOOST module, when a second power MOS tube is conducted and a first power MOS tube is closed, an input voltage, an energy storage inductor and the second power MOS tube form an energy storage loop, when the first power MOS tube is conducted and the second power MOS tube is closed, the input voltage, the energy storage inductor, the first power MOS tube and a bus capacitor form a BOOST loop, and energy in the energy storage inductor is gradually released and overlapped to the input voltage, so that the output voltage is improved; through the conversion coordination of a rectifying current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectifying output sub-module in a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectifying module, the ultra-wide range work of input voltage is realized, the high-low voltage platform vehicle type is compatible, and repeated development is reduced; under the same power output working condition, the boosting effect of the front-stage boosting BOOST module improves the voltage of the direct-current converter, thereby reducing current, reducing loss and improving the output efficiency of the whole direct-current converter; therefore, the direct current converter circuit can realize the work of a cross-voltage platform, is compatible with a high-low voltage platform vehicle type, and has the technical effects of reducing the development cost and shortening the development period.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electric vehicle comprising a dc converter circuit according to any one of the first aspects.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, or in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the techniques disclosed herein.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dc converter circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal" and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element or component to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Also, some of the terms described above may be used to indicate other meanings in addition to orientation or positional relationships, for example, the term "upper" may also be used to indicate some sort of attachment or connection in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "configured," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; may be a mechanical connection, or a point connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements, or components. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish between different devices, elements, or components (the particular species and configurations may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance and number of devices, elements, or components indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The embodiment of the application provides a direct current converter circuit and an electric vehicle, which can be applied to development of high-low voltage platform vehicle types; the direct-current converter circuit is provided with a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module, wherein in the front-stage BOOST module, when a second power MOS tube is conducted and a first power MOS tube is closed, an input voltage, an energy storage inductor and the second power MOS tube form an energy storage loop, and when the first power MOS tube is conducted and the second power MOS tube is closed, the input voltage, the energy storage inductor, the first power MOS tube and a bus capacitor form a BOOST loop, and energy in the energy storage inductor is gradually released and overlapped to the input voltage, so that the output voltage is improved; through the conversion coordination of a rectifying current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectifying output sub-module in a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectifying module, the ultra-wide range work of input voltage is realized, the high-low voltage platform vehicle type is compatible, and repeated development is reduced; under the same power output working condition, the boosting effect of the front-stage boosting BOOST module improves the voltage of the direct-current converter, thereby reducing current, reducing loss and improving the output efficiency of the whole direct-current converter; therefore, the direct current converter circuit can realize the work of a cross-voltage platform, is compatible with a high-low voltage platform vehicle type, and has the technical effects of reducing the development cost and shortening the development period.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dc converter circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, where the dc converter circuit includes a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubler synchronous rectification module.
Illustratively, the pre-stage BOOST module includes an input voltage V in The input voltage Vin, the energy storage inductor L, the first power MOS tube S1 and the bus capacitor Cin are sequentially connected to form a boostA loop; one end of the second power MOS tube S2 is connected between the energy storage inductor L and the first power MOS tube S1, and the other end of the second power MOS tube S2 is connected between the input voltage Vin and the bus capacitor Cin;
the rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module comprises a rear-stage rectification current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectification output sub-module, wherein the rear-stage rectification current sub-module is respectively connected with the bus capacitor Cin and the main power transformer, and the main power transformer is connected with the synchronous rectification output sub-module.
Illustratively U AB Represented as the voltage between resonant inductance L1 and the two ends of resonant capacitance C1; i.e 1 Represented as a current through the resonant inductor L1.
Illustratively, the post-stage rectifying current sub-module includes four primary side power MOS transistors: the first primary power MOS tube Q1, the second primary power MOS tube Q2, the third primary power MOS tube Q3 and the fourth primary power MOS tube Q4 are connected in series, and the third primary power MOS tube Q3 and the fourth primary power MOS tube Q4 are connected in series.
The first primary power MOS transistor Q1 and the second primary power MOS transistor Q2 are connected to the bus capacitor Cin, and the third primary power MOS transistor Q3 and the fourth primary power MOS transistor Q4 are connected to the bus capacitor Cin.
Illustratively, the main power transformer includes a primary coil Lp, one end of the primary coil Lp is connected between the first primary power MOS transistor Q1 and the second primary power MOS transistor Q2, and the other end of the primary coil Lp is connected between the third primary power MOS transistor Q3 and the fourth primary power MOS transistor Q4.
Illustratively, the post-stage rectifying current sub-module further includes a resonant inductor L1, and one end of the primary coil Lp is connected to the first primary power MOS transistor Q1 and the second primary power MOS transistor Q2 through the resonant inductor L1.
The post-stage rectifying current sub-module further includes a resonant capacitor C1, and the other end of the primary coil Lp is connected to the third primary power MOS transistor Q3 and the fourth primary power MOS transistor Q4 through the resonant capacitor C1.
Illustratively, the synchronous rectification output submodule includes two synchronous rectification power MOS transistors: the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube Q5 and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube Q6 are connected in series, and the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube Q5 and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube Q6 are respectively connected with a secondary coil Ls of the main power transformer.
Illustratively, the synchronous rectification output sub-module further includes a first freewheeling inductor L2 and a second freewheeling inductor L3, wherein the first freewheeling inductor L2 is connected to one end of the secondary winding Ls of the main power transformer, and the second freewheeling inductor L3 is connected to the other end of the secondary winding Ls of the main power transformer.
The synchronous rectification output sub-module further includes an output filter capacitor C2, wherein one end of the output filter capacitor C2 is connected between the first freewheeling inductor L2 and the second freewheeling inductor L3, and the other end of the output filter capacitor C2 is connected between the first synchronous rectification power MOS transistor Q5 and the second synchronous rectification power MOS transistor Q6.
The direct current converter circuit is designed in an ultra-wide range direct current converter scheme, is compatible and suitable for high-low voltage platform vehicle types, and remarkably reduces development cost and period; the scheme comprises a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module, vin is the input voltage of the design scheme, namely the working voltage range of the circuit scheme, L is the energy storage inductance of the BOOST circuit, S1 is a follow current power MOS tube (a first power MOS tube), S2 is a power MOS tube (a second power MOS tube) of an energy storage channel, cin is a bus capacitor and is used for stabilizing the voltage value of a bus and filtering ripples. Q1-Q4 are primary side power MOS tubes of the rear stage rectification current, L1 is a resonant inductor, C1 is a resonant capacitor or a blocking capacitor, lp and Ls are primary side coils and secondary side coils of a main power transformer, and the functions of high-low voltage isolation and voltage reduction are achieved; Q5-Q6 are synchronous rectification power MOS tubes, L2 and L3 are freewheeling inductors for smoothing and energy storage, and C2 is an output filter capacitor;
in some embodiments, the design scheme of the ultra-wide working range direct current converter provided by the application has the working principle that the second power MOS tube S2 is conducted, the Vin-L-S2 forms an energy storage loop when the first power MOS tube S1 is closed, the Vin-L-S1-Cin forms a boosting loop when the first power MOS tube S1 is conducted and the second power MOS tube S2 is closed, and energy in the energy storage inductor is gradually released and overlapped to input voltage, so that output voltage is improved. Note that the on and off of the first power MOS transistor S1 and the second power MOS transistor S2 are complementary, and are not allowed to be turned on simultaneously, otherwise, a short circuit is caused, and the power MOS transistors are damaged. The stable Cin bus voltage is used as the input voltage of the post-stage circuit, the direct current is converted into alternating current through full-bridge conversion, and then the alternating current is converted into magnetic energy through a transformer, namely, the conversion process of electricity generation, magnetism generation and electricity generation is performed;
when the first primary side power MOS tube Q1/the fourth primary side power MOS tube Q4 is conducted and the second primary side power MOS tube Q2/the third primary side power MOS tube Q3 is closed, the primary side Cin-Q1-L1-Lp-C1-Q4 forms a current loop, and the secondary side Ls-L2-C2-Q5 forms a loop to supply power to a load. When the second primary side power MOS tube Q2/the third primary side power MOS tube Q3 is conducted and the first primary side power MOS tube Q1/the fourth primary side power MOS tube Q4 is closed, the primary side Cin-Q3-C1-LP-L1-Q2 forms a loop, and the secondary side Ls-L3-C2-Q6 forms a load power supply loop. When the control algorithm is designed, the same bridge arm is forbidden to be conducted simultaneously, otherwise, short circuit is caused, a power main circuit is damaged, and proper dead time is required to be designed;
therefore, through the conversion cooperation of the front-stage BOOST module and the rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module, the ultra-wide range work of input voltage is realized, the vehicle type of a high-low voltage platform is compatible, and repeated development is reduced; under the same power output working condition, the boosting effect of the front-stage circuit improves the voltage of the direct-current converter, thereby reducing the current and calculating the formula I according to the dissipation power 2 And R, the loss is reduced, and the output efficiency of the whole direct current converter is improved. For high-power direct-current converters, a staggered parallel boost circuit can be used, so that the shunting is beneficial to device selection, and the cost Of a semiconductor device BOM (Bill Of materials) is reduced. The energy storage inductor can be wound on the same iron core aiming at the staggered parallel circuit, so that the volume is reduced, the magnetic leakage is reduced, and the EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility ) performance is improved.
Optionally, the control mode of the front-stage circuit in the direct-current converter circuit is usually a duty ratio modulation method, a frequency point of target gain can be calculated according to design circuit parameters, a bus voltage closed loop is sampled to modulate a duty ratio value, the output bus voltage is controlled, the load is transformed to cause fluctuation of the bus voltage, the duty ratio is adjusted in a tiny range in real time, and the output bus voltage is stabilized; the latter synchronous rectification circuit in the DC converter circuit generally adopts a variable frequency control method, the frequency is changed, the gain is changed along with the frequency, and the output voltage is finely adjusted to reach the target voltage of the current vehicle type. Therefore, the direct current converter scheme provided by the application can realize the operation of a cross-voltage platform and is compatible with a high-voltage platform vehicle type and a low-voltage platform vehicle type.
In some implementation scenarios, the direct current converter circuit provided by the embodiment of the application is an ultra-wide-range voltage platform direct current converter scheme, is compatible with low-voltage platform and high-voltage platform vehicle types, can be compatible with multiple vehicle types in one product development, and has a working voltage range which spans a low-voltage section and a high-voltage section. The traditional part development design is usually matched and designed according to the voltage range of a vehicle type, so that the reusability is poor, and the part is repeatedly developed. The voltage range of the whole vehicle is classified into a low-voltage platform vehicle type below 500V and a high-voltage platform vehicle type above 500V. The development of the parts is limited by the modulation of circuit topology parameters and the limitation of the working limit voltage stress of the power switch tube, so that the parts cannot work across a voltage platform. The proposal of the ultra-wide range voltage platform direct current converter breaks the barriers of the high-low voltage platforms, is compatible with the vehicle type of the high-low voltage platforms, reduces repeated development work and reduces development cost.
It should be noted that, the dc converter scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application is necessary to perform circuit simulation verification, so that design errors can be reduced, and appropriate circuit parameters can be matched. In the simulation process, a control algorithm can be replaced by a pulse generator, and the rationality and stability of parameters are verified;
in addition, the topology of the ultra-wide range voltage platform direct current converter scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is not only one form, the front-stage boost circuit can be a staggered parallel power factor corrector and a bridgeless power factor corrector, the rear-stage circuit can be a full-bridge, half-bridge, double-current rectification or a center tap circuit, and the forms are various. In the actual application process, the method can be flexibly applied according to the actual condition of the whole vehicle. The high-voltage component development can be performed by referring to the ideas of the front-stage and back-stage circuits, so that the development cost is reduced.
Illustratively, an embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle including a dc converter circuit as shown in fig. 1.
In all embodiments of the present application, "large" and "small" are relative terms, "more" and "less" are relative terms, "upper" and "lower" are relative terms, and the description of such relative terms is not repeated herein.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "in this embodiment," "in an embodiment of the application," or "as an alternative" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in this embodiment," "in this application embodiment," or "as an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are all alternative embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in the present application.
In various embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean that the execution sequence of the processes is necessarily sequential, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and internal logic thereof, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and the changes and substitutions are intended to be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The direct current converter circuit is characterized by comprising a front-stage BOOST module and a rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module;
the pre-stage BOOST module comprises an input voltage, an energy storage inductor, a first power MOS tube, a second power MOS tube and a bus capacitor, wherein the input voltage, the energy storage inductor, the first power MOS tube and the bus capacitor are sequentially connected to form a BOOST loop; one end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the energy storage inductor and the first power MOS tube, and the other end of the second power MOS tube is connected between the input voltage and the bus capacitor;
the rear-stage full-bridge current-doubling synchronous rectification module comprises a rear-stage rectification current sub-module, a main power transformer and a synchronous rectification output sub-module, wherein the rear-stage rectification current sub-module is respectively connected with the bus capacitor and the main power transformer, and the main power transformer is connected with the synchronous rectification output sub-module;
the rear-stage rectifying current submodule comprises four primary side power MOS tubes: the first primary power MOS tube, the second primary power MOS tube, the third primary power MOS tube and the fourth primary power MOS tube are connected in series, and the third primary power MOS tube is connected in series with the fourth primary power MOS tube.
2. The direct current converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first primary power MOS transistor and the second primary power MOS transistor are respectively connected to the bus capacitor, and the third primary power MOS transistor and the fourth primary power MOS transistor are respectively connected to the bus capacitor.
3. The dc converter circuit of claim 2, wherein the primary power transformer comprises a primary coil, one end of the primary coil is connected between the first primary power MOS transistor and the second primary power MOS transistor, and the other end of the primary coil is connected between the third primary power MOS transistor and the fourth primary power MOS transistor.
4. The dc converter circuit of claim 3, wherein the post-stage rectifying current sub-module further comprises a resonant inductor, and wherein one end of the primary coil is connected to the first primary power MOS transistor and the second primary power MOS transistor through the resonant inductor.
5. The direct current converter circuit according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the post-stage rectifying current sub-module further comprises a resonance capacitor, and the other end of the primary coil is connected to the third primary power MOS transistor and the fourth primary power MOS transistor through the resonance capacitor.
6. The direct current converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the synchronous rectification output submodule includes two synchronous rectification power MOS transistors: the power transformer comprises a main power transformer, a first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and a second synchronous rectification power MOS tube, wherein the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube are connected in series, and the first synchronous rectification power MOS tube and the second synchronous rectification power MOS tube are respectively connected with a secondary coil of the main power transformer.
7. The dc converter circuit of claim 6, wherein the synchronous rectification output sub-module further comprises a first freewheeling inductor and a second freewheeling inductor, the first freewheeling inductor being connected to one end of a secondary winding of the main power transformer and the second freewheeling inductor being connected to the other end of the secondary winding of the main power transformer.
8. The dc converter circuit of claim 7, wherein the synchronous rectification output sub-module further comprises an output filter capacitor, one end of the output filter capacitor is connected between the first freewheeling inductor and the second freewheeling inductor, and the other end of the output filter capacitor is connected between the first synchronous rectification power MOS transistor and the second synchronous rectification power MOS transistor.
9. An electric vehicle comprising a dc converter circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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