CN116436021A - Control method and system for dual-mode switching of low-voltage capacitor device - Google Patents
Control method and system for dual-mode switching of low-voltage capacitor device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
Abstract
A control method and system for dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device respectively determine a first scale factor, a second scale factor and a third scale factor by utilizing a fuzzy section, a voltage deviation section, a power factor deviation section and the actual capacity of a parallel capacitor; converting the voltage deviation into a voltage blurring amount by using a first scale factor, and converting the power factor deviation into a power factor blurring amount by using a second scale factor; the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity are used as input quantities of a fuzzy control system, and reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is output according to a fuzzy control rule; converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into a reactive power compensation quantity by using a third scale factor; when the load rate of the distribution transformer is smaller than the load rate threshold value, controlling switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation quantity; and when the total capacity attenuation rate of the capacitor device reaches different attenuation rate thresholds, different treatment measures are adopted. Reactive power on the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer is balanced on site, and loss of a power grid is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power equipment control, and particularly relates to a control method and a control system for dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device.
Background
At present, the low-voltage reactive power compensation device used in the distribution network generally has the problems of high self power consumption, unreasonable switching strategy and the like, and the phenomenon that the line loss of a transformer area rises when low-voltage reactive power equipment is put into use often occurs, so that the urban power quality condition is influenced. The concrete steps are as follows:
the power consumption of the operation of the piezoelectric capacitor group is high. The low-voltage reactive compensation device mainly comprises a low-voltage capacitor, an air switch, a transformer, a current voltmeter, a switching device, a controller and other elements, wherein the low-voltage capacitor is usually made of a metallized film as a medium, the loss is below 0.1%, in order to reduce switching on surge, a silicon controlled rectifier is usually adopted as a switching device, the switching silicon controlled rectifier has about 1 volt voltage drop, a capacitor bank with the capacity of 100 kilovolt amperes is taken as an example, the power consumption is about 450W in one switching process, the loss is 0.45%, and the power consumption of the controller is usually not more than 6W and can be ignored under the general condition.
The switching strategy of the low-voltage reactive power equipment is unreasonable. The indoor low-voltage capacitor is widely applied to various residential projects, more than 90% of the indoor low-voltage capacitors are in a switching mode based on the power factor as a criterion, and the situation that the low-voltage capacitor device is frequently switched during underestimation of loads such as spring festival or late night can occur, so that the damage of capacitor equipment and the voltage fluctuation of a low-voltage power grid are extremely easy to cause, and the power supply reliability is affected.
The fault early warning and positioning capability of the indoor low-voltage capacitor are insufficient. The indoor low-voltage capacitor is used as a reactive power compensation device widely applied in a low-voltage power grid, and is extremely important in relation to the power supply quality and the self-health running level. In actual operation, however, fault early warning and positioning capabilities for such devices are relatively inadequate. Meanwhile, a metallized film is widely adopted as a medium of the low-voltage power capacitor, and the low-voltage power capacitor has the self-healing capability of quickly recovering insulation after breakdown and is widely used because the service life is longer than that of non-self-healing. According to the long-term operation experience of the Suzhou power grid, the capacity of the low-voltage capacitor can be gradually reduced, and even the capacity is 0 as a result of multiple self-healing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a control method and a control system for double-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device, which automatically realize intelligent double-mode switching of the low-voltage capacitor device according to the load condition of a distribution transformer so as to realize the on-site balance of reactive power at the low-voltage side of a distribution transformer, wherein the period of a load peak is based on power factor switching and the period of a load valley is based on reactive power switching; the power factor level is improved, the voltage stability of the low-voltage power grid is ensured, and the loss of the low-voltage power grid is effectively reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a control method for dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device, which comprises the following steps:
Obtaining a voltage deviation interval [ -a, b ] according to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus, and calculating a first scale factor according to the following relation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 1 as a first scale factor of the number of bits,
a. b is a natural number, 0< a, b <10.
Obtaining a power factor deviation interval [ -c, d ] according to the power factor deviation range, and calculating a second scaling factor according to the following relation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 2 as a second scale factor, the first scale factor,
c. d is a natural number, 0< c, d <0.1.
The third scaling factor is determined by the following relationship:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 3 as a result of the third scaling factor,
q is the actual capacity of the shunt capacitor.
In the fuzzy control system, a triangle membership function is adopted, and the method is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
x is an independent variable and is used for the control of the temperature,
u, v, w are the first leg, the peak, and the second leg of the triangle, respectively.
Determining a fuzzy subset { NB, NM, NS,0,PS,PM,PB } in a fuzzy control system according to a triangle membership function, wherein NB, NM, NS, PS, PM, PB respectively represents negative big, negative medium, negative small, positive big, medium and positive small;
the fuzzy control rule is as follows:
1. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is NB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PB no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
2. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NB no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
3. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is 0, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is 0 no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
4. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is NM, the voltage fuzzy quantity values are NB, NM, NS,0 and PS, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PM; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are PM and PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are PB;
5. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is NS, the voltage fuzzy quantity values are NB, NM, NS,0 and PS, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PS; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are PM and PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are PM;
6. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is PS, the voltage fuzzy quantity value is NB and NM, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NM; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are NS,0, PS, PM, PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are NS;
7. when the power factor fuzzy quantity is PM, the voltage fuzzy quantity is NB, NM and PB, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NB; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are NS,0, PS and PM, the reactive power compensation fuzzy amounts are NM.
And in the same fuzzy control rule, the reliability of the total premise of each fuzzy control rule is obtained by utilizing the membership of voltage deviation, the membership of power factor deviation and the membership of reactive power compensation quantity based on the scaling operation.
In the step 6, the value of the load factor threshold is 30%;
the first attenuation rate threshold value is 30%, the second attenuation rate threshold value is 50%, and the third attenuation rate threshold value is 60%.
The invention also provides a control system for dual-mode switching of the piezoelectric capacitor device, which comprises: the system comprises an input module, a blurring processing module, a blurring reasoning module, a sharpening processing module and an output module.
The input module is used for determining a voltage deviation interval according to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus and determining a power factor deviation interval according to the power factor deviation range;
the blurring processing module is used for setting 2n+1 blurring levels to obtain a blurring interval [ -n, n ], wherein n is a positive integer; respectively determining a first scale factor and a second scale factor by using the fuzzy section, the voltage deviation section and the power factor deviation section, and determining a third scale factor by using the fuzzy section and the actual capacity of the parallel capacitor; converting the voltage deviation into a voltage blurring amount by using a first scale factor, and converting the power factor deviation into a power factor blurring amount by using a second scale factor;
the fuzzy reasoning module is used for constructing a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system, taking the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity as input quantities, and outputting reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity by the fuzzy control system according to a fuzzy control rule;
the sharpening processing module is used for converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into reactive power compensation quantity by utilizing a third scale factor;
the output module is used for controlling the switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation quantity;
the capacitor switching module is used for controlling switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation amount when the load rate of the distribution transformer is smaller than the load rate threshold value; and the total capacity attenuation rate of the capacitor device reaches a first attenuation rate threshold value, gives an early warning, gives an alarm when reaching a second attenuation rate threshold value, and protects the shutdown when reaching a third attenuation rate threshold value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that compared with the prior art:
1. the capacitor bank maintenance strategy based on the capacitance attenuation condition of the indoor low-voltage capacitor bank is provided by carrying out controller reconstruction, algorithm innovation and fusion terminal additional installation on the low-voltage capacitor and combining operation experience and theoretical calculation;
2. the invention realizes automatic switching of the capacitor according to the load condition of the distribution transformer, realizes switching based on the power factor during the load peak period and reactive power during the load valley period, monitors the capacitance attenuation condition of the capacitor bank in real time, dynamically alarms, and automatically stops operation when the capacitance attenuation rate exceeds 60%;
3. the control method and the system provided by the invention have wide application range and are easy to popularize. The low-voltage capacitor device is reactive compensation equipment widely used in a low-voltage power grid, and can be modified and adjusted according to the technical route to improve the performance of the low-voltage capacitor device no matter the low-voltage transformer area in the system or the low-voltage side reactive compensation of the client;
4. the switching strategy provided by the invention is optimized, and the health level of equipment is ensured. Under the constraint condition of voltage, a dual-mode switching scheme is adopted. Taking a set power factor value (such as 0.9) as a control target, and taking the corresponding reactive power value as a capacitor device switching target, so as to realize effective switching of the capacitor device and ensure a power factor index with higher distribution side; the capacitor device is prevented from frequently switching and vibrating, and the healthy operation level of the indoor low-voltage capacitor device in the life cycle is improved.
5. The invention integrates digital technology, and realizes parameter monitoring. The capacity attenuation early warning and alarming function of the controller capacitor is added, the early warning is sent out at 30% of capacity attenuation, the alarming is sent out at 50%, and the shutdown is protected at 60%, so that the safe operation of the low-voltage power grid is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a control method for dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing membership functions of input blur amounts in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control system for dual-mode switching of a piezoelectric capacitor device according to the present invention;
the reference numerals in fig. 3 are explained as follows:
1-an input module; 2-blurring processing module; 3-fuzzy reasoning module; 4-a sharpening processing module; 5-an output module; and 6-a capacitor switching module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described herein are merely some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive faculty, are within the scope of the invention, based on the spirit of the invention.
The invention provides a control method for dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
and step 1, determining a voltage deviation interval according to a voltage deviation range of the distribution bus, and determining a power factor deviation interval according to a power factor deviation range.
In one non-limiting preferred embodiment, for low voltage distribution bus bars, the voltage deviation ranges from 380V to +7% or 220V to +7%, -10%, and the power factor deviation ranges from 0.98 to +0.2.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the ambiguity grade is set to 13, i.e. n has a value of 6, and the ambiguity interval is { -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.
According to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus 0 -a％,U 0 +b％]Obtaining voltage deviation intervals [ -a, b [ -a]The first scale factor is calculated in the following relation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
U 0 for the rated voltage of the distribution bus-bar,
K 1 as a first scale factor of the number of bits,
a. b is a natural number, 0< a, b <10.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the voltage deviation interval is [ -7,7], the calculated first scale factor is 0.86.
According to the power factor deviation range [ cos phi ] 0 -c,cosφ 0 +d]Obtaining power factor deviation interval [ -c, d]The second scale factor is calculated as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
cosφ 0 for the rated power factor to be the same,
K 2 as a second scale factor, the first scale factor,
c. d is a natural number, 0< c, d <0.1.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the power factor deviation interval is [ -0.2,0.2], and the calculated second scaling factor is 30.
The third scaling factor is determined by the following relationship:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 3 as a result of the third scaling factor,
q is the actual capacity of the shunt capacitor.
Specifically, the automatic detection method for the actual capacity of the parallel capacitor specifically comprises the following steps:
when the equipment is put into operation, the parallel capacitors are started to be put into test group by group, and the capacity of the parallel capacitors in corresponding groups is detected according to the reactive power change before and after the low-voltage side switching.
And (3) automatically starting or manually detecting and recording the capacity of the parallel capacitor at regular intervals (such as quarterly), checking equipment parameters, carrying out capacity early warning, and regenerating a fuzzy control decision table.
And starting the parallel capacitor capacity detection, and sequentially switching in/out the parallel capacitors according to the parallel capacitor configuration, so as to calculate the actually switched in/out parallel capacitor capacity.
The actual capacity of the shunt capacitor is calculated as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Q n for the parallel capacitor to be rated for its capacity,
u is the voltage amplitude after switching in/off the parallel capacitor,
U n rated for the parallel capacitor.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the third scale factor is 1 assuming that the capacitors are grouped into 6 groups of equal volumes.
e u ＝(U-U 0 )×K 1
e φ ＝(cosφ-cosφ 0 )×K 2
in the method, in the process of the invention,
e u as the amount of voltage blurring to be applied,
u is the actual voltage of the distribution bus,
U 0 for the rated voltage of the distribution bus-bar,
e φ as the amount of power factor blurring,
cos phi is the actual power factor and,
cosφ 0 is the rated power factor;
the exact amount originally over the intervals [ -a, b ] and [ -c, d ] is converted to the blurred interval [ -6,6] by the first scaling factor, the second scaling factor.
And 4, constructing a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system, taking the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity as input quantities, and outputting reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity by the fuzzy control system according to a fuzzy control rule.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the phase voltage and the phase power factor in the power distribution network are taken as inputs, and the switched capacitor is taken as an output, namely, a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system is considered to be designed. The basic principle of the fuzzy control system is as follows:
input quantity: x is A 'and y is B';
first fuzzy control rule R 1 : if x is A 1 And y is B 1 Then z is C 1 ；
Second fuzzy control rule R 2 : if x is A 2 And y is B 2 Then z is C 2 ；
And so on;
mth fuzzy control rule R m : if x is A m And y is B m Then z is C m ；
Output quantity: z is C';
wherein x, y and z are linguistic variables representing system state and control quantity, A i 、B i And C i The values of x, y and Z are the input values of the fuzzy control rules, respectively, where i=1, 2, … m, m is the number of rules, the arguments of x, y and Z are X, Y and Z, and a ', B ' and C ' are the input and output values, respectively.
Any fuzzy control rule R i : "if x is A i And y is B i Then z is C i The "fuzzy implication relationship" is defined as follows:
R i ＝(A i andB i )→C i
i.e.
Wherein A is i andB i Is a fuzzy set A defined on X Y i ×B i ，R i ＝(A i andB i )→C i Is a fuzzy implication relationship defined on X Y X Z.
the total fuzzy implication relationship of the m fuzzy control rules is considered as follows:
finally, the conclusion of the reasoning is that
Wherein mu (A'andB') (x,y)＝μ A' (x)∧μ B' (y) or mu (A'andB') (x,y)＝μ A' (x)μ B' (y), ° is a synthesis operator, and a maximum-minimum synthesis method is generally employed.
The purpose of the common distribution transformer installation low-voltage capacitor compensation device is to improve voltage quality as much as possible under certain conditions, so that the power factor and reactive power on the low-voltage side of the inflow distribution transformer are controlled within a certain range, and the common distribution transformer installation low-voltage capacitor compensation device can be expressed as follows:
U min ≤U≤U max
cosφ min ≤cosφ≤1
Q min ≤Q≤Q max
min{L 1 (U-U 0 )+L 2 (Q f +Q c -Q 0 )+L 3 (cosφ-cosφ 0 )}
in the method, in the process of the invention,
U min 、U max the lower voltage limit and the upper voltage limit of the distribution bus are respectively,
cosφ min as a lower limit of the power factor,
Q min 、Q max a lower reactive power limit and an upper reactive power limit provided for the parallel capacitors respectively,
Q f for the reactive power of the load,
Q c the reactive power provided for the parallel capacitors,
L 1 、L 2 、L 3 the voltage weight coefficient, the reactive power weight coefficient and the power factor weight coefficient are respectively;
in summary, the control objective of the fuzzy control system is to improve the voltage quality, control the reactive power and the power factor within a certain range, and at the same time, avoid the oscillation caused by repeated switching and cutting of the capacitor.
In the fuzzy control system, the selection of the membership function is important, and proper membership function is selected to reasonably fuzzify fuzzy input variables, so that membership function forms are various and are specifically determined according to actual problems. Trapezoids, triangles, etc. are often used. In one non-limiting preferred embodiment, a triangle membership function of width 6 is employed.
Voltage blur amount e u And the power factor blur amount e φ Similar membership functions as follows:
μ(u i ) For input voltage deviation u i Membership of (a), i.e. the voltage blur e u ，
u i Is the input voltage deviation.
In one non-limiting preferred embodiment, the fuzzy subset { NB, NM, NS,0,PS,PM,PB } in the fuzzy control system is determined from a triangular membership function, where NB, NM, NS, PS, PM, PB represents negative big, negative medium, negative small, positive big, median, positive small, respectively. Voltage blur amount e u And the power factor blur amount e φ The membership functions of (2) are quantified as graphs, and specific values are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Voltage blur amount e u And the power factor blur amount e φ Membership function of (2)
Reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity e q Similar membership functions as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
μ(q i ) For membership of the output reactive power compensation quantity qi, i.e. the reactive power compensation quantity fuzzy quantity e q ，q i And compensating the output quantity reactive power.
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, the reactive power compensates for the amount of blurring e q The membership functions of (2) are quantified as graphs, and the specific values are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 reactive power compensation blur quantity e q Membership function of (2)
The control strategy of the fuzzy control system is based on a manual control strategy which is formed in long-term practice and is stored in a technical knowledge set of the brain. The control process of manual strategy is the process of establishing the control rule of the fuzzy control system. According to operation experience, a fuzzy control rule of a fuzzy control system is given as follows:
when the capacitor is put into, the capacity of the capacitor is increased, the reactive power is reduced, so the power factor is increased, and meanwhile, the voltage is increased;
when the capacitor is cut off, the capacity of the capacitor is reduced, the reactive power is increased, so the power factor is reduced, and meanwhile, the voltage is reduced;
by combining the nine-zone graph control method and the relation of the mutual influence of the voltage and the reactive power and combining the actual operation experience, the control rule of the power factor comprehensive control can be summarized.
The general control rules of the fuzzy controller are: IF X1 AND X2 THEN Y1
The fuzzy control rules of the fuzzy control system are expressed in descriptive language as follows:
IF X1 IS NB AND X2 IS NB THNE Y IS PB, i.e. IF the voltage deviation IS negative large, the power factor deviation IS negative large, then the capacitor IS larger;
IF X1 IS PB AND X2 IS PB THNE Y IS NB, i.e. IF the voltage deviation IS large, the power factor deviation IS large, the cut-off capacitor IS large.
The fuzzy control rules of the fuzzy control system are shown in table 3:
table 3 fuzzy control rules of fuzzy control system
In a non-limiting preferred embodiment, it is assumed that the sensor measures the information voltage deviation X: x= (U) 0 -U)×K 1 =3.6, power factor deviation y: y= (cos phi) 0 -cosφ)×K 2 =1.2, then membership is calculated as follows:
μ XPS (3.6)＝0.2，μ XPM (3.6)＝0.87，μ XPB (3.6)＝0.2，
μ Y0 (1.2)＝0.4，μ YPS (1.2)＝0.6，μ YPM (1.2)＝0.07，
four matched fuzzy control rules are obtained according to the membership degree, and are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 fuzzy control rule examples
In the same fuzzy control rule, the reliability of the total precondition of each fuzzy control rule is obtained by utilizing the membership of voltage deviation, the membership of power factor deviation and the membership of reactive power compensation amount based on the scaling operation, and is shown in Table 5 in detail:
TABLE 5 reliability of total preconditions for each fuzzy control rule
Finally, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is output by the fuzzy control system. And converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into a reactive power compensation quantity by using a third scale factor.
The total output of the fuzzy control system is actually the union of the 3 rule reasoning results, and the exact result can be obtained by performing defuzzification. And performing defuzzification by adopting a maximum membership average method.
The reactive power compensation quantity can be obtained through the reasoning process, namely, the maximum value of the membership degree of the switching capacity is mu=0.6. Substituting it into μ in reactive power compensation amount membership function ZNS( z), z= -2.0, i.e. the reactive compensation quantity is-2.0.
The actual capacity of the shunt capacitor is calculated as follows:
Q＝e q ×K 3
In combination with actual environment test of a factory, SVG is used for simulating reactive power and voltage conditions of a distribution transformer outlet, and test results are shown in table 6:
q_put: finally calculating the obtained switching capacity;
XIN: fuzzy control voltage input X coefficient
YIN: fuzzy control reactive power input Y coefficient
Fuzzy: the equipment calculates and obtains a module control output value
TABLE 6 test results
The invention also provides a control system for dual-mode switching of the piezoelectric capacitor device, as shown in fig. 3, comprising:
the system comprises an input module 1, a blurring processing module 2, a blurring reasoning module 3, a blurring processing module 4 and an output module 5.
In FIG. 2, K 1 、K 2 And K 3 E is a first scale factor, a second scale factor and a third scale factor, respectively u E is the voltage blurring amount φ E is the power factor fuzzy quantity q And (5) blurring the reactive power compensation quantity.
The input module is used for determining a voltage deviation interval according to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus and determining a power factor deviation interval according to the power factor deviation range;
the blurring processing module is used for setting 2n+1 blurring levels to obtain a blurring interval [ -n, n ], wherein n is a positive integer; respectively determining a first scale factor and a second scale factor by using the fuzzy section, the voltage deviation section and the power factor deviation section, and determining a third scale factor by using the fuzzy section and the actual capacity of the parallel capacitor; converting the voltage deviation into a voltage blurring amount by using a first scale factor, and converting the power factor deviation into a power factor blurring amount by using a second scale factor;
the fuzzy reasoning module is used for constructing a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system, taking the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity as input quantities, and outputting reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity by the fuzzy control system according to a fuzzy control rule;
the sharpening processing module is used for converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into reactive power compensation quantity by utilizing a third scale factor;
the output module is used for controlling the switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation quantity;
the capacitor switching module is used for controlling switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation amount when the load rate of the distribution transformer is smaller than the load rate threshold value; and the total capacity attenuation rate of the capacitor device reaches a first attenuation rate threshold value, gives an early warning, gives an alarm when reaching a second attenuation rate threshold value, and protects the shutdown when reaching a third attenuation rate threshold value.
According to the invention, the controller transformation, algorithm innovation and fusion terminal additional installation are carried out on the low-voltage capacitor, and the capacitor bank maintenance strategy based on the capacity attenuation condition of the indoor low-voltage capacitor bank is provided by combining operation experience and theoretical calculation, so that the capacitor switching strategy is automatically switched according to the load condition of the distribution transformer, the power factor switching during the peak load period and the reactive power switching during the valley load period are realized, the capacity attenuation condition of the capacitor bank is monitored in real time, the dynamic alarm is carried out, and the capacitor bank is automatically stopped when the capacity attenuation rate exceeds 60%.
Specifically, switching of the low-voltage capacitor device is automatically achieved according to the load condition of the distribution transformer, so that local balance of reactive power of a power grid is achieved. The load peak period is based on power factor switching and the load valley period is based on reactive power switching.
Comprising the following steps:
(a) When the load factor of the distribution transformer is larger than or equal to a certain value (such as 30%), the low-voltage capacitor device is judged according to a preset power factor (such as 0.9), the low-voltage capacitor device is put into the low-voltage capacitor device when the load factor of the distribution transformer is lower than a certain value (such as 30%), the low-voltage capacitor device is judged according to the reactive power, and the low-voltage capacitor device is put into the capacitor device when the load factor of the distribution transformer is larger than the minimum grouping of the capacitors. The significance of adopting two different switching control physical quantities is that the power factor index is ensured during the load peak period and the capacitor device switching oscillation is prevented during the load valley period;
(b) The switching strategy of the low-voltage capacitor bank is installed and used for a public power grid, and the voltage monitoring value is used as a constraint condition, namely, the actual voltage (or the budget voltage value after the capacitor device is put into) is higher than the national standard, so that the capacitor bank is switched, and a power supply quality priority mechanism is embodied;
(c) The indoor control device of the low-voltage capacitor set is matched with the novel intelligent fusion terminal, so that the switching state and the output of the low-voltage capacitor set are monitored and uploaded in real time;
(d) And providing a capacitor bank maintenance strategy based on the capacity decay condition of the self-healing capacitor bank, giving an early warning at 30% of capacity decay, giving an alarm at 50% and protecting the shutdown at 60%.
(e) Based on the capacitance attenuation condition of the low-voltage capacitor bank, the capacitor bank automatic monitoring, automatic research and judgment, automatic early warning and automatic shutdown based on the capacitance attenuation condition are realized through the logical cooperation of the maintenance strategy and the switching element.
Through the improvement, algorithm innovation and fusion terminal additional installation of the controller of the low-voltage capacitor device in the steps (a), (b) and (c), the capacitor bank maintenance strategy based on the capacitance attenuation condition of the indoor low-voltage capacitor bank, which is proposed in the step (d), is combined, so that the following functions are realized: the capacitor switching strategy is automatically switched by utilizing the load condition of the low-voltage capacitor in a room of the power distribution station, the switching based on the power factor during the peak period of the load and the reactive power during the valley period of the load are realized, the capacitance attenuation condition of the capacitor bank is monitored in real time, the dynamic alarm is carried out, and the capacitor bank is automatically stopped when the capacitance attenuation rate exceeds 60 percent.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the application range is wide, and the application is easy to popularize. The low-voltage capacitor device is reactive compensation equipment widely used in a low-voltage power grid, and can be modified and adjusted according to the technical route to improve the performance of the low-voltage capacitor device no matter the low-voltage transformer area in the system or the low-voltage side reactive compensation of the client.
2. The switching strategy is excellent, and the health level of the equipment is guaranteed. Under the constraint condition of voltage, a dual-mode switching scheme is adopted. The switching of the capacitor device is controlled by adopting a power factor during a higher load period so as to ensure a higher power factor index of the distribution transformer side; reactive power switching is adopted during load off-peak period, frequent switching oscillation of the capacitor device is prevented, and the healthy operation level of the indoor low-voltage capacitor device in the life cycle is improved.
3. And digital technology is integrated, so that parameter monitoring is realized. The capacity attenuation early warning and alarming function of the controller capacitor is added, the early warning is sent out at 30% of capacity attenuation, the alarming is sent out at 50%, and the shutdown is protected at 60%, so that the safe operation of the low-voltage power grid is ensured.
By means of real-time monitoring and intelligent dual-mode switching of the low-voltage capacitor bank, the reactive power on-site balance of the low-voltage side of the distribution transformer is realized, the power factor level is improved, the voltage stability of a low-voltage power grid is ensured, and the loss of the low-voltage power grid is effectively reduced.
The present disclosure may be a system, method, and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for causing a processor to implement aspects of the present disclosure.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: portable computer disks, hard disks, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical coding devices, punch cards or in-groove structures such as punch cards or grooves having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media, as used herein, are not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., optical pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.
The computer readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network interface card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
Computer program instructions for performing the operations of the present disclosure can be assembly instructions, instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, c++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present disclosure are implemented by personalizing electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), with state information of computer readable program instructions, which can execute the computer readable program instructions.
Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable medium having the instructions stored therein includes an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The control method for the dual-mode switching of the low-voltage capacitor device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining a voltage deviation interval according to a voltage deviation range of a distribution bus, and determining a power factor deviation interval according to a power factor deviation range;
step 2, setting 2n+1 fuzzy grades to obtain a fuzzy interval [ -n, n ], wherein n is a positive integer; respectively determining a first scale factor and a second scale factor by using the fuzzy section, the voltage deviation section and the power factor deviation section, and determining a third scale factor by using the fuzzy section and the actual capacity of the parallel capacitor;
step 3, converting the voltage deviation into a voltage fuzzy quantity by using a first scale factor, and converting the power factor deviation into a power factor fuzzy quantity by using a second scale factor;
step 4, constructing a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system, taking the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity as input quantities, and outputting reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity by the fuzzy control system according to a fuzzy control rule;
step 5, converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into reactive power compensation quantity by using a third scale factor;
step 6, when the load rate of the distribution transformer is smaller than a load rate threshold value, controlling switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation quantity; and the total capacity attenuation rate of the capacitor device reaches a first attenuation rate threshold value, gives an early warning, gives an alarm when reaching a second attenuation rate threshold value, and protects the shutdown when reaching a third attenuation rate threshold value.
2. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein,
obtaining a voltage deviation interval-a, b according to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus, and calculating a first scale factor according to the following relation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 1 as a first scale factor of the number of bits,
a. b is a natural number, 0< a, b <10.
3. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein,
obtaining a power factor deviation interval-c, d according to the power factor deviation range, and calculating a second scale factor according to the following relation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 2 as a second scale factor, the first scale factor,
c. d is a natural number, 0< c, d <0.1.
4. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein,
the third scaling factor is determined by the following relationship:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
K 3 as a result of the third scaling factor,
q is the actual capacity of the shunt capacitor.
5. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein,
in the fuzzy control system, a triangle membership function is adopted, and the method is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
x is an independent variable and is used for the control of the temperature,
u, v, w are the first leg, the peak, and the second leg of the triangle, respectively.
6. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 5, wherein,
the fuzzy subset { NB, NM, NS,0,PS,PM,PB } in the fuzzy control system is determined according to the triangle membership function, wherein NB, NM, NS, PS, PM, PB represents negative big, negative medium, negative small, positive big, medium, and positive small, respectively.
7. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 6, wherein,
the fuzzy control rule is as follows:
1) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is NB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PB no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
2) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NB no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
3) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is 0, the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is 0 no matter what the voltage fuzzy quantity is;
4) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is NM, the voltage fuzzy quantity values are BN, NM, NS,0 and PS, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PM; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are PM and PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are PB;
5) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is NS, the voltage fuzzy quantity values are NB, NM, NS,0 and PS, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is PS; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are PM and PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are PM;
6) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is PS, the voltage fuzzy quantity value is NB and NM, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NM; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are NS,0, PS, PM, PB, the reactive power compensation fuzzy values are NS;
7) When the power factor fuzzy quantity is PM, the voltage fuzzy quantity is NB, NM and PB, and the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity is NB; when the voltage fuzzy measurement values are NS,0, PS and PM, the reactive power compensation fuzzy amounts are NM.
8. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 5, wherein,
and in the same fuzzy control rule, the reliability of the total premise of each fuzzy control rule is obtained by utilizing the membership of voltage deviation, the membership of power factor deviation and the membership of reactive power compensation quantity based on the scaling operation.
9. The method for controlling dual-mode switching of a low-voltage capacitor device according to claim 1, wherein,
in the step 6, the value of the load factor threshold is 30%;
the first attenuation rate threshold value is 30%, the second attenuation rate threshold value is 50%, and the third attenuation rate threshold value is 60%.
10. A control system for dual mode switching of a low voltage capacitor device, for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
input module, fuzzy processing module, fuzzy reasoning module, clear processing module and output module
The input module is used for determining a voltage deviation interval according to the voltage deviation range of the distribution bus and determining a power factor deviation interval according to the power factor deviation range;
the blurring processing module is used for setting 2n+1 blurring levels to obtain a blurring interval [ -n, n ], wherein n is a positive integer; respectively determining a first scale factor and a second scale factor by using the fuzzy section, the voltage deviation section and the power factor deviation section, and determining a third scale factor by using the fuzzy section and the actual capacity of the parallel capacitor; converting the voltage deviation into a voltage blurring amount by using a first scale factor, and converting the power factor deviation into a power factor blurring amount by using a second scale factor;
the fuzzy reasoning module is used for constructing a dual-input single-output fuzzy control system, taking the voltage fuzzy quantity and the power factor fuzzy quantity as input quantities, and outputting reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity by the fuzzy control system according to a fuzzy control rule;
the sharpening processing module is used for converting the reactive power compensation fuzzy quantity into reactive power compensation quantity by utilizing a third scale factor;
the output module is used for controlling the switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation quantity;
the capacitor switching module is used for controlling switching of the capacitor device according to the reactive power compensation amount when the load rate of the distribution transformer is smaller than the load rate threshold value; and the total capacity attenuation rate of the capacitor device reaches a first attenuation rate threshold value, gives an early warning, gives an alarm when reaching a second attenuation rate threshold value, and protects the shutdown when reaching a third attenuation rate threshold value.
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