CN116435487B - Na (Na) x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 Preparation method and application of @ C positive electrode material - Google Patents
Na (Na) x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 Preparation method and application of @ C positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910004563 Na2Fe2 (SO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 23
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OTYYBJNSLLBAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN1C(CCC1)=O.[N] Chemical compound CN1C(CCC1)=O.[N] OTYYBJNSLLBAGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical class [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a Na x Fe 3‑0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method and application of the @ C positive electrode material comprise the steps of mixing raw materials of an active material with a conductive carbon material and then heating by microwaves; the raw materials of the active material comprise sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate; the conductive carbon material accounts for 1-40wt% of the raw materials of the active material; the method of mixing includes ball milling. The invention prepares Na x Fe 3‑0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The @ C positive electrode material has the advantages of high purity, good conductivity, stable structure, high reversible capacity, high coulombic efficiency, good cycle performance and the like, and the preparation method provided by the invention is energy-saving, environment-friendly, efficient, simple to operate, low in equipment requirement, rich in raw materials, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials, and in particular relates to Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 Preparation method and application of @ C positive electrode material.
Background
The sodium ion battery is used as a supplement of the lithium ion battery, and is expected to be applied to the fields of low-speed electric vehicles, communication base stations, large-scale energy storage and the like. The positive electrode material is used as a key component of the sodium ion battery, and influences the cost, energy density, cycle life and the like of the sodium ion battery. Currently, the main current positive electrode materials of sodium ion batteries comprise three main types of oxides, polyanion compounds and Prussian blue analogues, and the structure of the polyanion sulfate compounds can be represented by a general formula A x MM′(SO 4 ) m Y n And (3) representing. Wherein A represents an alkali metal ion such as Li, na, K, etc.; m or M' represents a transition metal ion such as Fe, V, mn, co, cr, etc.; y represents an anion, e.g. F, PO 4 And OH, etc. For single sheetsAnionic sulfate compounds, typically composed of M/M' O 6 Octahedra and SO 4 Tetrahedra are connected in a mode of being co-point, co-edge or coplanarity to form a three-dimensional structure frame, alkali metal ions are distributed in gaps of the frame, and all or part of alkali metal ions can move in the frame. For dianionic sulfate compounds, the structure of the compound is MX 6 (X is F or O) will be the same as PO 4 The plasma anions form covalent units and then react with SO 4 Tetrahedral connections form a three-dimensional framework. The monoanionic sulfate compound has the advantages of stable structure, small volume change in the Na deintercalation process, low activation energy of ion diffusion, potential regulation and the like by regulating the environment where transition metal ions are located. In addition, sulfate radical has strong induction effect, is easy to obtain high potential material, and is a positive electrode material with great development potential.
Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Belongs to monoanionic sulfate positive electrode. The prior art reports Na of an aluaudiote type structure 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 A material. FeO with two Fe ion sites in the material 6 Octahedral co-edge forms Fe 2 O 10 Dimers, which in turn are linked to SO 4 Tetrahedral bonding forms a three-dimensional open framework with 3 Na sites. At present prepare Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Examples of the method for the positive electrode include a solid phase synthesis method and a coprecipitation method. The traditional solid phase method has long calcination time, low heat energy utilization rate, uneven particle heating and easy occurrence of impurity phases. Although the coprecipitation method has good chemical uniformity of precursor solution and small product granularity, the method has complex equipment and process, the generated waste water and gas are difficult to treat, the synthesis period is long, and the industrial production difficulty is high.
Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem that the preparation process of the existing polyanion sulfate compound positive electrode material is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, the invention proposes a Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 Preparation of @ C cathode materialThe method prepares Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The @ C positive electrode material has the advantages of high purity, good conductivity, stable structure, high reversible capacity, high coulombic efficiency, good cycle performance and the like, and the preparation method provided by the invention is energy-saving, environment-friendly, efficient, simple to operate, low in equipment requirement, rich in raw materials, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The second aspect of the invention provides an application of the positive electrode material obtained by the preparation method in a positive electrode plate.
The third aspect of the invention provides an application of the positive electrode plate in a sodium ion battery.
According to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the @ C positive electrode material comprises the steps of mixing raw materials of an active material with a conductive carbon material and then heating by microwaves;
the raw materials of the active material comprise sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate;
the conductive carbon material accounts for 1-40wt% of the raw materials of the active material;
the method of mixing includes ball milling.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the @ C positive electrode material has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the method of jointly ball milling the conductive carbon material and the active material, simplifies the process and reduces the cost. The addition of the conductive carbon material provides a larger contact area for the active material, which is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the active material. The active material and the conductive carbon material are mixed and then heated by microwaves to form the carbon-coated polyanion sulfate anode material, wherein the heterogeneous interface formed by the conductive carbon material and the active material promotes the improvement of the crystallinity of the active material and stabilizes the material structure. The conductive carbon material serves as a bridge for electron transfer between particles of the active material, improving the defect of poor conductivity of the active material itself.
2. The invention synthesizes the positive electrode by microwave heatingThe method of the polar material can greatly shorten the synthesis time, realize uniform heating and has no hysteresis effect in heating. Na prepared by the method x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The @ C positive electrode material has the advantages of high purity, good conductivity, stable structure, high reversible capacity, high coulombic efficiency, good cycle performance and the like. The preparation method provided by the invention is energy-saving, environment-friendly, efficient, simple to operate, low in equipment requirement, rich in raw materials, low in cost and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the conductive carbon material comprises 5 to 10wt% of the active material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the conductive carbon material comprises 7.5wt% of the active material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of sodium sulfate to ferrous sulfate is 0.5x (3-0.5 x), wherein x ranges from 0 < x < 6.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the molar ratio of sodium sulfate to ferrous sulfate is 0.5x (3-0.5 x), where x is 2.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ball milling includes wet milling and dry milling.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the rotational speed of the ball mill is 100-1000 r/min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the rotational speed of the ball mill is 500-1000 r/min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the rotational speed of the ball mill is 500r/min.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ball milling time is 1 to 600 minutes.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ball milling time is 120-600 min.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ball milling time is 120 minutes.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the wet ball milling solvent comprises at least one of methanol, absolute ethanol, acetone, ethylene glycol, and pyridine.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the wet ball milling solvent comprises absolute ethanol.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the wet ball milling is followed by drying.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the drying temperature is 50-200 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the drying temperature is 80-200 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the drying is 80 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dry ball milling method comprises ball milling under an inert atmosphere.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the inert atmosphere comprises at least one of nitrogen, argon, and hydrogen.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the microwave heating temperature is 300-400 ℃; the microwave heating time is 1-120 min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the microwave heating is 350-400 ℃; the microwave heating time is 20-120 min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the microwave heating is 350 ℃; the microwave heating time is 20min.
According to the invention, the particle size and phase structure of the product can be accurately controlled by adjusting parameters such as raw material proportion, heating power, time and the like.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the conductive carbon material comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, activated carbon, ketjen black, acetylene black, super P, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite, and graphene.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the conductive carbon material comprises graphene.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ferrous sulfate comprises ferrous sulfate monohydrate or ferrous sulfate anhydrous.
According to some embodiments of the invention, theThe raw materials for preparing the ferrous sulfate comprise FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·5H 2 O、FeSO 4 ·4H 2 At least one of O.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the ferrous sulfate include FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method of preparing ferrous sulfate comprises drying the raw material for preparing ferrous sulfate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method of drying comprises microwave drying.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the microwave drying is 100-400 ℃, and the time of the microwave drying is 1-120 min.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the microwave drying is 250 ℃ and the time of the microwave drying is 10min.
An embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention proposes the use of the positive electrode material in a positive electrode sheet.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode sheet includes a current collector and a positive electrode material layer covering the current collector, the positive electrode material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, the positive electrode active material being the Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 @ C positive electrode material.
An embodiment according to a third aspect of the present invention proposes the use of the positive electrode sheet in a sodium ion battery.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the applications include mobile electronic communications devices, electric vehicles, two-wheeled electric bicycles, low-speed electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, power cells, and energy storage power stations.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a view of Na according to example 1 of the present invention 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 SEM image of @ C powder sample;
FIG. 2 is a view of Na according to example 1 of the present invention 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 XRD pattern of @ C.
Detailed Description
The conception and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention. The test methods used in the examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials used, etc., are commercially available materials unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 The specific steps are as follows:
s1: 556.02g (2 mol) FeSO is weighed 4 ·7H 2 Placing O into a microwave oven, heating to 250deg.C under nitrogen protection, and maintaining for 10min to obtain anhydrous FeSO 4 ；
S2: 142.04g (1 mol) anhydrous Na is weighed 2 SO 4 303.82g (2 mol) anhydrous FeSO 4 And 33.44g (7.5 wt%) graphene;
s3: mixing the raw materials in the step S2, adding the mixed raw materials into a ball milling tank, adding 40ml of absolute ethyl alcohol serving as a grinding aid, performing ball milling for 120min at a rotating speed of 500r/min to obtain highly dispersed precursor powder, and drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for 0.5h to completely volatilize the solvent;
s4: placing the precursor into a microwave oven, heating to 350deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 20min, and coolingTo room temperature to obtain Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @ C positive electrode material.
FIG. 1 shows Na according to example 1 of the present invention 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 SEM image of @ C, it can be seen from the image that the particle size is between nanometer and micrometer, and has more pores, no agglomeration phenomenon exists between particles, and the surface is coated with uniformly distributed graphene.
FIG. 2 shows Na according to example 1 of the present invention 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 XRD spectrum of @ C shows that the prepared sample has good crystallinity and purity, no impurity peak exists, and the addition of carbon material does not affect the phase component of the material.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: feSO is carried out 4 ·4H 2 Placing O into a microwave oven, heating to 100deg.C under nitrogen protection, and maintaining for 120min to obtain FeSO 4 ·H 2 O。
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: 556.02g (2 mol) FeSO from step S1 4 ·7H 2 O is changed to 484.00g (2 mol) Fe (SO) 4 )·5H 2 Placing into a microwave oven after O, heating to 300 ℃ under vacuum condition, and preserving heat for 1min to obtain anhydrous FeSO 4 。
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: feSO is carried out 4 ·7H 2 Placing O into a microwave oven, heating to 400deg.C under vacuum, and maintaining for 1min to obtain anhydrous FeSO 4 。
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: acetone is used as a grinding aid to obtain highly dispersed precursor powder, and the precursor powder is baked in a baking oven at 50 ℃ for 0.5h to completely volatilize the solvent.
Example 6
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: ethylene glycol is used as a grinding aid to obtain highly dispersed precursor powder, and the precursor powder is baked in a baking oven at 200 ℃ for 0.5h to completely volatilize the solvent.
Example 7
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: and (3) ball milling by adopting a dry method, and directly putting the precursor into a microwave oven for sintering after ball milling is completed.
Example 8
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: the conductive material added was carbon nanotubes, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 9
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: the conductive material added was ketjen black, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 10
This example discloses a polyanionic sulfate positive electrode materialPreparation method of material, molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: the conductive material added was graphite, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 11
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: the graphene was weighed 4.46g (1 wt%) and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 12
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: the weighed graphene was 178.34g (40 wt%) and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 13
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: ball milling was carried out at a rotational speed of 100r/min for 600min, the remainder being the same as in example 1.
Example 14
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: ball milling was carried out at a rotational speed of 1000r/min for 1min, the remainder being the same as in example 1.
Example 15
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: heating to 300 ℃ and maintaining the temperature for 120min, and the rest is the same as in the example 1.
Example 16
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @C, the preparation method is similar to example 1, except that: heating to 400℃and incubating for 1min, the remainder being the same as in example 1.
Example 17
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 2.7 Fe 1.65 (SO 4 ) 3 In the preparation method of @ C, the molar ratio of sodium sulfate to ferrous sulfate was adjusted according to the molar ratio of the chemical formula, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 18
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of a polyanion sulfate positive electrode material, wherein the molecular formula is Na 1.5 Fe 2.25 (SO 4 ) 3 In the preparation method of @ C, the molar ratio of sodium sulfate to ferrous sulfate was adjusted according to the molar ratio of the chemical formula, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example discloses a preparation method of a polyanionic sulfate positive electrode material, and the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Comparative example and example 1 differ in the preparation process at @ C in that S4 is changed to: heating to 350deg.C in a box furnace under nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 20min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 @ C positive electrode material. The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example discloses a preparation method of a polyanionic sulfate positive electrode material, and the molecular formula is Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Comparative example and example 1 were different in the preparation method thereof in that the mass of graphene used in S2 was 200.64g (45 wt% of the raw material of the positive electrode material active material), and the rest was the same as example 1.
Test example 1
Test example 1 was a sodium ion half cell prepared from the positive electrode materials of examples 1 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a1: 1.8g of Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Adding @ C positive electrode material powder and 0.2g of polyvinylidene fluoride into 2mL of nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, and fully grinding to obtain uniform slurry; the slurry was uniformly coated on the surface of an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) and then vacuum-dried. Cutting the electrode plate obtained by drying into a wafer with the diameter of 10mm, compacting and taking the wafer as a battery anode plate for standby;
a2: cutting the glass fiber film into a circular sheet with the diameter of 16mm, and taking the circular sheet as a diaphragm for standby;
a3: 1.2244g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and dissolved in 9.5mL of propylene carbonate, 0.5mL of fluoroethylene carbonate is added as an additive, and the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to be used as electrolyte for standby;
a4: pressing sodium metal into slices, cutting into wafers with the diameter of 12mm, and taking the wafers as the negative electrode of the battery for standby;
a5: and in a glove box protected by inert gas, the prepared battery anode, the prepared diaphragm and the prepared battery cathode are sequentially and tightly stacked, electrolyte is dripped to completely infiltrate the diaphragm, and then the stacked part is sealed into a button battery shell to complete battery assembly.
Test example 2
Test example 2 is a sodium ion full battery prepared from the positive electrode materials of examples 1,3,7,8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17 and comparative examples 1-2, the negative electrode material being hard carbon, the preparation method comprising the steps of:
a1: 1.8g of Na 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Adding @ C positive electrode material powder and 0.2g of polyvinylidene fluoride into 2mL of nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, and fully grinding to obtain uniform slurry; the slurry was uniformly coated on the surface of an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector) and then vacuum-dried. Cutting the electrode plate obtained by drying into a wafer with the diameter of 10mm, compacting and taking the wafer as a battery anode for standby;
a2: cutting the glass fiber film into a circular sheet with the diameter of 16mm, and taking the circular sheet as a diaphragm for standby;
a3: 1.2244g of sodium perchlorate is weighed and dissolved in 9.5mL of propylene carbonate, 0.5mL of fluoroethylene carbonate is added as an additive, and the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed to be used as electrolyte for standby;
a4: adding 0.8g of hard carbon, 0.1g of carbon black and 0.1g of polyvinylidene fluoride into 1mL of nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, and fully grinding to obtain uniform slurry; uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of an aluminum foil (negative electrode current collector), and then drying in vacuum; cutting the electrode plate obtained by drying into a circular plate with the diameter of 12mm, compacting and taking the circular plate as a battery cathode for standby;
a5: and in a glove box protected by inert gas, the prepared battery anode, the prepared diaphragm and the prepared battery cathode are sequentially and tightly stacked, electrolyte is dripped to completely infiltrate the diaphragm, and then the stacked part is sealed into a button battery shell to complete battery assembly.
Performance test: and testing the sodium ion battery prepared by the positive electrode material. Wherein the constant-current charge and discharge test adopts a BTSDA test system of Shenzhen Xinwei electronic Co Ltd, the environment is a constant-temperature constant-humidity room (25 ℃, 35%), and the load capacity of the battery anode is 2-4 mg/cm 2 For a full cell, the positive-negative N/P ratio was 1.2, and the battery charge-discharge rate was 5C (1c=120 mAh/g). The voltage range tested in test example 1 was 2.0-4.5V and the voltage range tested in test example 2 was 1.5-4.1V. The initial capacities obtained for the sodium half-cells of test example 1, with positive electrodes of examples 1-18, were substantially uniform, ranging from about 82mAh/g to about 86mAh/g, with the other test results shown in Table 1. The initial circle capacity of the sodium ion full battery with the material obtained in the embodiment of the technical scheme as the positive electrode in the test example 2 is basically consistent, about 78-82 mAh/g, and other test parameters and results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 sodium ion half cell Performance
TABLE 2 Positive and negative electrode materials and Properties of full cell
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the molecular formula of the invention prepared by the solid phase microwave method is Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The carbon coated polyanion sulfate positive electrode active material of @ C (x is more than 0 and less than 6) has the advantages of high first-cycle discharge specific capacity, high median voltage of the battery, high coulombic efficiency, good cycle performance and the like. Test example 1 Na was obtained using different ratios of raw materials and synthesis conditions x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The sodium ion half battery assembled by the @ C positive electrode material discovers that the doping amount of the conductive carbon material has a great influence on the electrochemical performance of the positive electrode material, and when the content of the conductive carbon material is too low, the conductivity of the positive electrode is greatly reduced, so that the performance is poor; when the content of the conductive carbon material is too high, the content of the active material is low, resulting in degradation of the battery performance. Meanwhile, the battery obtained in comparative example 1 using the conventional heat treatment method was significantly inferior in performance because the conventional heat treatment method was slow in heat transfer and could not sufficiently react to obtain Na under the condition of short-time heating 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Material @ C. Other different raw material ratios and synthesis conditions have certain influence on the electrochemical performance of the positive electrode but have no serious influence.
As can be seen from Table 2, na obtained in the different examples and comparative examples x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The @ C positive electrode material was assembled into a sodium ion full cell, cycling at 5C rate. The doping amount of the conductive carbon material in the embodiment has a great influence on the battery performance, and the capacity retention rate is high under other conditions. While the cells obtained in comparative example 1 using the conventional heat treatment process and comparative example 2 using the excess conductive carbon were inferior in performance, the possible reasons were similar to the analysis in table 1.
The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, quick reaction and low cost, and can be widely used for industrial production.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Carbon-coated Na x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the anode material is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing raw materials of an active material with a conductive carbon material and then heating by microwaves;
the raw materials of the active material comprise sodium sulfate and ferrous sulfate;
the conductive carbon material accounts for 5-10wt% of the raw material of the active material;
the mixing method comprises ball milling;
the conductive carbon material comprises at least one of carbon nano tube, carbon fiber, active carbon, ketjen black, acetylene black, super P, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphite and graphene;
the temperature of the microwave heating is 300-400 ℃; the microwave heating time is 1-120 min;
the molar ratio of the sodium sulfate to the ferrous sulfate is 0.5x (3-0.5 x), wherein the value range of x is more than 0 and less than 6.
2. The carbon-coated Na of claim 1 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the cathode material is characterized in that the ball milling comprises wet ball milling or dry ball milling.
3. The carbon-coated Na of claim 2 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the cathode material is characterized in that the solvent for wet ball milling comprises at least one of methanol, absolute ethyl alcohol, acetone, glycol and pyridine.
4. According toThe carbon-coated Na of claim 3 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the positive electrode material is characterized by further comprising drying after wet ball milling.
5. The carbon-coated Na of claim 4 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the positive electrode material is characterized in that the drying temperature is 50-200 ℃.
6. The carbon-coated Na of claim 2 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the cathode material is characterized in that the dry ball milling method comprises ball milling under inert atmosphere.
7. The carbon-coated Na of claim 6 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the positive electrode material is characterized in that the inert atmosphere comprises at least one of nitrogen, argon and hydrogen.
8. The carbon-coated Na of claim 1 x Fe 3-0.5x (SO 4 ) 3 The preparation method of the anode material is characterized by comprising the steps of drying the raw materials for preparing the ferrous sulfate; the drying method comprises microwave drying; the temperature of the microwave drying is 100-400 ℃, and the time of the microwave drying is 1-120 min.
9. Use of the positive electrode material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in a positive electrode sheet.
10. Use of the positive electrode sheet according to claim 9 in a sodium ion battery.
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| WO2005096415A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell |
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| CN105556717A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-05-04 | 国立大学法人东京大学 | Positive electrode material for sodium ion secondary batteries |
| CN108682827A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-19 | 苏州大学 | A kind of compound sodium ion positive electrode of carbon and preparation method thereof |
| CN115178209A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-14 | 田华玲 | Method for preparing vanadium sodium phosphate cathode material by microwave method |
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| WO2005096415A1 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-13 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell |
| CN105556717A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-05-04 | 国立大学法人东京大学 | Positive electrode material for sodium ion secondary batteries |
| CN105006548A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-10-28 | 郑州德朗能微波技术有限公司 | Method for synthesizing sodium-ion battery positive-electrode material NaFePO4 through microwave method |
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